Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology · 2020. 6. 29. · Current Awareness in Clinical...

Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American

Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons

Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle

Units.

The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England

Current Awareness in

Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD

December 2015

CONTENTS

General Toxicology 8 Metals 35

Management 19 Pesticides 37

Drugs 21 Chemical Warfare 39

Chemical Incidents & Pollution

30 Plants 39

Chemicals 31 Animals 39

CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH

Case series: toxicity from 25B-NBOMe – A cluster of N-bomb cases Gee P, Schep LJ, Jensen BP, Moore G, Barrington S. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1115056:

Background

A new class of hallucinogens called NBOMes has emerged. This class includes analogues 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe and 25B-NBOMe. Case reports and judicial seizures indicate that 25I-NBOMe and 25C-NBOMe are more prevalently abused. There have been a few confirmed reports of 25B-NBOMe use or toxicity. Report

Observational case series. This report describes a series of 10 patients who suffered adverse effects from 25B-NBOMe. Hallucinations and violent agitation predominate along with serotonergic/stimulant signs such as mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia. The majority (7/10) required sedation with benzodiazepines. Analytical method

25B-NBOMe concentrations in plasma and urine were quantified in all patients using a validated liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Peak plasma levels were measured between 0.7–10.1 ng/ml.

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Discussion

The NBOMes are desired by users because of their hallucinogenic and stimulant effects. They are often sold as LSD or synthetic LSD. Reported cases of 25B- NBOMe toxicity are reviewed and compared to our series. Seizures and one pharmacological death have been described but neither were observed in our series. Based on our experience with cases of mild to moderate toxicity, we suggest that management should be supportive and focused on preventing further (self) harm. High doses of benzodiazepines may be required to control agitation. Patients who develop significant hyperthermia need to be actively managed. Conclusions

Effects from 25B-NBOMe in our series were similar to previous individual case reports. The clinical features were also similar to effects from other analogues in the class (25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe). Violent agitation frequently present along with signs of serotonergic stimulation. Hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis and kidney injury were also observed.

Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1115056

Review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on laboratory analyses Grunbaum AM, Gilfix BM, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Gosselin S. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early:

doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1115515:

Context

Although the clinical use of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for the treatment of lipophilic drug toxicity is increasing, the focus of most publications is on outcome in laboratory animals or in patients. An unintended consequence of intravenous lipid emulsion is the creation of extremely lipemic blood, which may interfere with the laboratory analysis or interpretation of common analytes. Objective

The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology has established a lipid emulsion workgroup to review the evidence and produce recommendations on the use of this novel therapy for drug toxicity. The aim of this subgroup is to review the available evidence regarding the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on common laboratory testing, which often forms the basis of the appraisal of the balance between benefits and potential adverse events. Methods

We performed a comprehensive review of the literature. Relevant articles were determined based upon a predefined methodology. Package inserts of manufacturers’ assays were collected. Article inclusion required that the article met predefined inclusion criteria with the agreement of at least two members of the subgroup. Results

We included thirty-six articles in the final analysis. Evaluation of the reviewed analytes revealed heterogeneity with regards to the assessment of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion in terms of consistency and magnitude of effect across the different analytic platforms. Conclusions

The measurements of a number of common analytes can be markedly affected by the lipemia produced by lipid emulsions such that they cannot always be interpreted in the way that most physicians use this information in typical clinical situations. In fact, a lack of appreciation of this effect may lead to unintentional treatment errors. Because the effect of the lipemia produced is dependent on the reagents and laboratory platform used, it would

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be useful for all future reports to clearly document sample handling, reagents and laboratory platform used, as well as any procedures employed to reduce the lipid content.


In vitro studies indicate intravenous lipid emulsion acts as lipid sink in verapamil poisoning Kryshtal DO, Dawling S, Seger D, Knollmann BC. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0511-y:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13181-015-0511-y

Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for high-grade envenomations after European viper bites (Vipera spp.) in children Claudet I, Grouteau E, Cordier L, Franchitto N, Bréhin C. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1113542:

Context

Hyperglycemia has been described in severe scorpion envenomation, we wanted to analyze if it was applicable to viper bites in children. Aim

To describe clinical, biological, and therapeutic characteristics of 83 children bitten by European viper (Vipera spp.) and to confirm that hyperglycemia is a risk factor for high-grade envenomation. Material and methods

A retrospective study was conducted between 2001 and 2014 in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary level children's hospital. Collected data were: age and sex of children; day and time of admission; day, time and circumstances of the accident; snake identification; bite location; envenomation severity; presence of fang marks; prehospital care; laboratory abnormalities, use of specific immunotherapy, associated treatments; length of stay; hospital course. Results

Eighty-three children were included (62 boys, 21 girls). The mean age was 7.4 ± 3.9 years. Bites were most often located on the lower extremities (66%). The classification of envenomation was: 83% low grade (absent or minor envenomation) and 17% high grade (moderate to severe envenomation). All high-grade envenomations received specific immunotherapy (ViperfavTM, (Aventis Pasteur, MSD, Lyon, France). Being bitten on an upper extremity (odds ratio [OR] 51.1 95% class interval [CI] [6.1–424], p < 0.0001), during the afternoon (OR 13.4 95% CI [1.7–107.9], p = 0.015), feeling violent pain (OR 4.2 95% CI [1.1–16.5], p = 0.023), and high initial plasma glucose level (6.5 ± 1.7 mmol/L versus 5.0 ± 0.9 mmol/L, p = 0.027) were associated with a significant risk of high-grade envenomation. Conclusion

We have confirmed a potential link between initial hyperglycemia and the risk of progression to high-grade envenomation as well as its association with other published predictive factors.


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Simplification of the standard three-bag intravenous acetyl-cysteine regimen for paracetamol poisoning results in a lower incidence of adverse drug reactions

Wong A, Graudins A. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early:

doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1115055:

Context

Adverse reactions to intravenous (IV) acetylcysteine treatment in paracetamol overdose, are

reactions (NAARs) are influenced by the rate of acetylcysteine infusion.

Objective

We compared the incidence of adverse drug events of a two-bag IV acetylcysteine regimen with that of the traditional three-bag regimen.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospective analysis of patients presenting with paracetamol overdose requiring treatment with acetylcysteine to three emergency departments. We prospectively identified all presentations where IV acetylcysteine was administered using a 20 h, two-bag regimen (200 mg/kg over 4 h followed by 100 mg/kg over 16 h) from February 2014 to June 2015. We compared this to an historical cohort treated with the 21 h three-bag IV regimen (150 mg/kg over 1 h, 50 mg/kg over 4 h and 100 mg/kg over 16 h) from October 2009 to October 2013. Medical and nursing notes were searched retrospectively for entries suggesting the presence of an adverse reaction. The primary outcome was incidence of NAARs and gastrointestinal reactions in each group.

Results

389 presentations were treated with the three-bag regimen and 210 presentations received the two-bag regimen. NAARs were recorded more commonly with the three-bag acetylcysteine regimen than the two-bag regimen (10% vs 4.3%, p = 0.02, OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.8). There was no difference in reports of gastrointestinal reactions between cohorts (three-bag 39% vs two-bag 41%, p = 0.38, OR 1.17 95% CI (0.83–1.65)).

Discussion

The incidence of NAARs was significantly reduced by combining the first two bags of the traditional three-bag regimen and infusing these over 4 h at 50 mg/kg/hr. Simplifying the administration of acetylcysteine may have other benefits such as better utilisation of nursing time and reduced infusion administration errors.

Conclusions

A two-bag 20 h acetylcysteine regimen was well tolerated and resulted in significantly fewer and milder NAARs than the standard three-bag regimen.


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Management of poisoning with ethylene glycol and methanol in the UK: a prospective study conducted by the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) Thanacoody RHK, Gilfillan C, Bradberry SM, Davies J, Jackson G, Vale AJ, Thompson JP, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL. Clin Toxicol 2015; online nearly: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1116044:

Background

Poisoning with methanol and ethylene glycol can cause serious morbidity and mortality. Specific treatment involves the use of antidotes (fomepizole or ethanol) with or without extracorporeal elimination techniques. Methods

A prospective audit of patients with methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning reported by telephone to the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) in the UK was conducted during the 2010 calendar year and repeated during the 2012 calendar year. The study was conducted to determine the frequency of clinically significant systemic toxicity and requirement for antidote use and to compare outcomes and rates of adverse reaction and other problems in use between ethanol and fomepizole. Results

The NPIS received 1315 enquiries involving methanol or ethylene glycol, relating to 1070 individual exposures over the 2-year period. Of the 548 enquiries originating from hospitals, 329 involved systemic exposures (enteral or parenteral as opposed to topical exposure), of which 216 (66%) received an antidote (204 for ethylene glycol and 12 for methanol), and 90 (27%) extracorporeal treatment (86 for ethylene glycol and 4 for methanol). Comparing ethanol with fomepizole, adverse reactions (16/131 vs. 2/125, p < 0.001) and administration errors, lack of monitoring, or inappropriate use (45/131 vs. 6/125, p < 0.0001) were reported more commonly, whereas non-availability and inadequate stocks were reported less commonly (6/125 vs. 33/131, p < 0.0001). Eight fatalities and complications or sequelae occurred in 21 patients. Poor outcome (death, complications, or sequelae) was significantly associated with older age, higher poisoning severity scores, and lower pH on admission (p < 0.001). Conclusions

Systemic poisoning with ethylene glycol or methanol results in hospitalisation at least 2–3 times per week on average in the UK. No difference in outcome was detected between ethanol and fomepizole-treated patients, but ethanol was associated with more frequent adverse reactions.


Clinical features of reported ethylene glycol exposures in the United States Jobson MA, Hogan SL, Maxwell CS, Hu Y, Hladik GA, Falk RJ, Beuhler MC, Pendergraft WF, III. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0143044.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143044

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Antidotes for poisoning by alcohols that form toxic metabolites McMartin K, Jacobsen D, Hovda KE. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12824:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12824

Disproportionate effect on child admissions of the change in Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency guidance for management of paracetamol poisoning: an analysis of hospital admissions for paracetamol overdose in England and Scotland Narayan H, Thomas SHL, Eddleston M, Dear JW, Sandilands E, Bateman DN. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80: 1458-63.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12779

Utility of cardiac troponin to predict drug overdose mortality Manini AF, Stimmel B, Hoffman RS, Vlahov D. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12012-015-9345-8:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12012-015-9345-8

Safety and effectiveness of topical anesthetics in corneal abrasions: systematic review and meta-analysis Puls HA, Cabrera D, Murad MH, Erwin PJ, Bellolio MF. J Emerg Med 2015; 49: 816-24.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.02.051

Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among health-care workers exposed to cleaning and disinfectant chemicals, a 2-year follow-up study El-Helaly M, Balkhy HH, Waseem K, Khawaja S. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; online early: doi: 10.1177/0748233715610043:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233715610043

Organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide poisoning Vale A, Lotti M. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 149-68.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62627-1.00010-X

The neurotoxicity of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides Costa LG. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 135-48.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62627-1.00009-3

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Neurotoxicity of metals Caito S, Aschner M. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 169-89.


Carbon monoxide intoxication Bleecker ML. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 191-203.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-62627-1.00024-X

Hydrogen sulfide intoxication Guidotti TL. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 111-33.


Extracorporeal treatment in phenytoin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP (Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning) Workgroup Anseeuw K, Mowry JB, Burdmann EA, Ghannoum M, Hoffman RS, Gosselin S, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, on behalf of the EXTRIP workgroup. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; online early: doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.08.031:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.08.031

Practice trends in the use of extracorporeal treatments for poisoning in four countries Ghannoum M, Lavergne V, Gosselin S, Mowry JB, Hoegberg LCG, Yarema M, Thompson M, Murphy N, Thompson J, Purssell R, Hoffman RS. Semin Dial 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/sdi.12448:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12448

Extracorporeal life support for refractory cardiac arrest or shock: a 10-year study Brunet J, Valette X, Ivascau C, Lehoux P, Sauneuf B, Dalibert Y, Masson R, Sabatier R, Buklas D, Seguin A, Terzi N, du Cheyron D, Parienti J-J, Daubin C. ASAIO J 2015; 61: 676-81.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000000282

Hypericum perforatum use during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome Kolding L, Pedersen LH, Henriksen TB, Olsen J, Grzeskowiak LE. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58: 234-7.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.003

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000000282

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TOXICOLOGY General Dayan AD. The position and problems of toxicology. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1197-9. Grandjean P. Toxicology research for precautionary decision-making and the role of Human & Experimental Toxicology. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1231-7. James RC, Britt JK, Halmes NC, Guzelian PS. Evidence-based causation in toxicology: a 10-year retro-spective. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1245-52. Kunz K, Wiegand T. Addiction medicine: current status of certification, maintenance of certification, training, and practice. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0524-6: Laes JAR, Wiegand T. Case presentations from the Addiction Academy. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0520-x: Laes JAR. The integration of medical toxicology and addiction medicine: a new era in patient care. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0523-7: Naven RT, Louise-May S. Computational toxicology: Its essential role in reducing drug attrition. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1304-9. Satoh T. Toxicology in Asia–Past, present, and future. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1291-6. Stokes WS. Animals and the 3Rs in toxicology research and testing: the way forward. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1297-303. Thapa AS. Is GETUP helpful and relevant in a resource poor setting like Nepal? J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0510-z: Walsh SJ. The core curriculum of medical toxicology. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: S156.

Analytical toxicology Andreassen TN, Falch BMH, Spigset O. A UPLC-MSMS method for the analysis of olanzapine in serum with particular emphasis on drug stability testing. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2015; 1006: 112-20. Bajrai AA, Ezzeldin E, Al-Rashood KA, Raish M, Iqbal M. A validated UPLC-MS-MS assay for the rapid determination of lorcaserin in plasma and brain tissue samples. J Anal Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv126:

Barber JA, Stahl SH, Summers C, Barrett G, Park BK, Foster JR, Kenna JG. Quantification of drug-induced inhibition of canalicular cholyl-l-lysyl-fluorescein excretion from hepatocytes by high content cell imaging. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 48-59. Beck R, Carter P, Shonsey E, Graves D. Tandem DART™ MS methods for methadone analysis in unprocessed urine. J Anal Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv128: Biscevic-Tokic J, Tokic N, Ibrahimpasic E. Chromatography as method for analytical confirmation of paracetamol in postmortem material together with psychoactive substances. Acta Inform Med 2015; 23: 322-5. Clements M, Millar V, Williams AS, Kalinka S. Bridging functional and structural cardiotoxicity assays using human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for a more comprehensive risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 241-60. Cook SF, King AD, van den Anker JN, Wilkins DG. Simultaneous quantification of acetaminophen and five acetaminophen metabolites in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry: Method validation and application to a neonatal pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2015; 1007: 30-42. Go Y-M, Walker DI, Liang Y, Uppal K, Soltow QA, Tran VL, Strobel F, Quyyumi AA, Ziegler TR, Pennell KD, Miller GW, Jones DP. Reference standardization for mass spectrometry and high-resolution metabolomics applications to exposome research. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 531-43. Gul W, Stamper BJ, Godfrey M, ElSohly MA. LCMS-MS method for stimulants in wastewater during football games. J Anal Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv124: Judson RS, Magpantay FM, Chickarmane V, Haskell C, Tania N, Taylor J, Xia M, Huang R, Rotroff DM, Filer DL, Houck KA, Martin MT, Sipes N, Richard AM, Mansouri K, Setzer RW, Knudsen TB, Crofton KM, Thomas RS. Integrated model of chemical perturbations of a biological pathway using 18 in vitro high-throughput screening assays for the estrogen receptor. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 137-54. Lee S, Barron MG. Development of 3D-QSAR model for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors using a combination of fingerprint, molecular docking, and structure-based pharmacophore approaches. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 60-70. Nahar LK, Cordero RE, Nutt D, Lingford-Hughes A, Turton S, Durant C, Wilson S, Paterson S. Validated method for the quantification of baclofen in human plasma using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv125:

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Poklis J, Poklis A, Wolf C, Mainland M, Hair L, Devers K, Chrostowski L, Arbefeville E, Merves M, Pearson J. Postmortem tissue distribution of acetyl fentanyl, fentanyl and their respective nor-metabolites analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257: 435-41. Redruello B, Guadamuro L, Cuesta I, Álvarez-Buylla JR, Mayo B, Delgado S. A novel UHPLC method for the rapid and simultaneous determination of daidzein, genistein and equol in human urine. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2015; 1005: 1-8. Vaiano F, Serpelloni G, Focardi M, Fioravanti A, Mari F, Bertol E. LCMS/MS and GC-MS methods in propofol detection: evaluation of the two analytical procedures. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 256: 1-6. Vikingsson S, Gréen H, Brinkhagen L, Mukhtar S, Josefsson M. Identification of AB-FUBINACA metabolites in authentic urine samples suitable as urinary markers of drug intake using liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem time of flight mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2015; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1896: Vikingsson S, Gréen H. Putting designer drugs back in Pandora's box: analytical challenges and metabolite identification. Clin Chem 2015; online early: doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.248096: Yamaguchi K, Goda T, Yamaki S, Ohno Y. Structural analysis of quazepam metabolites in bile by ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 256: 7-16.

Biomarkers Bolt HM. Highlight report: biomarkers of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89: 2193-4. Fang C-M, Ku M-C, Chang C-K, Liang H-C, Wang T-F, Wu C-H, Chen S-H. Identification of endogenous site-specific covalent binding of catechol estrogens to serum proteins in human blood. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 433-42. Gupta VK, Pal R, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes as a surrogate biomarker of lead induced neurotoxicity. Enzyme Res 2015; 2015: 370705. Heard K, Green JL, Anderson V, Bucher-Bartelson B, Dart RC. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) protein adduct con-centrations during therapeutic dosing. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12831: Hossain MB, Li H, Hedmer M, Tinnerberg H, Albin M, Broberg K. Exposure to welding fumes is associated with hypomethylation of the F2RL3 gene: a cardiovascular disease marker. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 845-51. Kim SY, Lee HM, Kim KS, Kim HS, Moon A.

Noninvasive biomarker candidates for cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity by 2DE/MALDI-TOF-MS and SILAC/LC-MS proteomic analyses. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 167-82. Kocaoglu C, Erdem SS, Ozel A. Is level of serum ischemia-modified albumin a useful biomarker in carbon monoxide poisoning cases? Pediatr Emerg Care 2015; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000587: Nassirpour R, Homer BL, Mathur S, Li Y, Li Z, Brown T, Carraher D, Warneke J, Bailey S, Percival K, O'Neil SP, Whiteley LO. Identification of promising urinary microRNA biomarkers in two rat models of glomerular injury. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 35-47. Roberts RA, Aschner M, Calligaro D, Guilarte TR, Hanig JP, Herr DW, Hudzik TJ, Jeromin A, Kallman MJ, Liachenko S, Lynch JJ, III, Miller DB, Moser VC, O'Callaghan JP, Slikker W, Jr., Paule MG. Translational biomarkers of neurotoxicity: a Health and Environmental Sciences Institute perspective on the way forward. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 332-40. Robles-Diaz M, Garcia-Cortes M, Medina-Caliz I, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, Gonzalez-Grande R, Navarro JM, Castiella A, Zapata EM, Romero-Gomez M, Blanco S, Soriano G, Hidalgo R, Ortega-Torres M, Clavijo E, Bermudez-Ruiz PM, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, on behalf of on behalf of the Spanish DILI Registry and Faster Evidence-based Translation (SAFE-T) Consortium. The value of serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpetidase as biomarkers in hepatotoxicity. Liver Int 2015; 35: 2474-82.

Body packers Aissa J, Kohlmeier A, Rubbert C, Hohn U, Blondin D, Schleich C, Kröpil P, Boos J, Antoch G, Miese F. Diagnostic value of CT- localizer and axial low-dose computed tomography for the detection of drug body packing. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 37: 55-60.

Carcinogenicity Allen EM, Alexander BH, MacLehose RF, Nelson HH, Ramachandran G, Mandel JH. Cancer incidence among Minnesota taconite mining industry workers. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25: 811-5. Boulanger M, Morlais F, Bouvier V, Galateau-Salle F, Guittet L, Marquignon M-F, Paris C, Raffaelli C, Launoy G, Clin B. Digestive cancers and occupational asbestos exposure: Incidence study in a cohort of asbestos plant workers. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 792-7. Canning DA. Re: Prenatal exposure to air toxics and risk of Wilms' tumor in 0- to 5-year-old children. J Urol 2015; 194: 1425-6. Hamra GB, Laden F, Cohen AJ, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Brauer M, Loomis D. Lung cancer and exposure to nitrogen dioxide and traffic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123: 1107-12.

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Hancock DG, Langley ME, Chia KL, Woodman RJ, Shanahan EM. Wood dust exposure and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 889-98. Kopp TI, Lundqvist J, Petersen RK, Oskarsson A, Kristiansen K, Nellemann C, Vogel U. In vitro screening of inhibition of PPAR- activity as a first step in identification of potential breast carcinogens. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1106-18. Li S-Q, Wang D-M, Zhu S, Ma Z, Li R-F, Xu Z-S, Han H-M. The important role of ADAM8 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1053-72. Ravegnini G, Sammarini G, Hrelia P, Angelini S. Key genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in chemical carcinogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 2-13. Suriyo T, Tachachartvanich P, Visitnonthachai D, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Chlorpyrifos promotes colorectal adenocarcinoma H508 cell growth through the activation of EGFR/ERK1/2 signaling pathway but not cholinergic pathway. Toxicology 2015; 338: 117-29. Toyoda T, Cho Y-M, Akagi J-I, Mizuta Y, Hirata T, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K. Early detection of genotoxic urinary bladder carcinogens by immunohistochemistry for -H2AX. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 400-8.

Cardiotoxicity Chen S, Wang Z, Xu B, Mi X, Sun W, Quan N, Wang L, Chen X, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Leng J, Li J. The modulation of cardiac contractile function by the pharmacological and toxicological effects of Urocortin2. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 581-93. Clements M, Millar V, Williams AS, Kalinka S. Bridging functional and structural cardiotoxicity assays using human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for a more comprehensive risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 241-60. Güler S, Gökçek I, Güven I, Aytar H, Ramadan H. Blue vision and sinus tachycardia: sildenafil citrate overdose. JAEM 2015; 6: 87-9. Kausar SA. Risk of atrial fibrillation with bisphosphonate treatment. Br Med J 2015; 351: h5870. Lee CS. Mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and the development of heart failure. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2015; 27: 469-81. Rong Y, Luo X, Zhang Z, Cui X, Liu Y, Chen W. Occupational exposure to asbestos and cardiovascular related diseases: a meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2: 920-6. Tam WWS, Wong TW, Wong AHS. Association between air pollution and daily mortality and hospital admission due to ischaemic heart diseases in Hong Kong.

Atmos Environ 2015; 120: 360-8. Vasilaki F, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsarouhas K, Germanakis I, Tzardi M, Kavvalakis M, Ozcagli E, Kouretas D, Tsatsakis AM. Cardiotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration. Toxicol Lett 2015; 241: 143-51.

Dermal toxicity Basketter DA, White IR, McFadden JP, Kimber I. Skin sensitization: implications for integration of clinical data into hazard identification and risk assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1222-30. Thaikruea L, Siriariyaporn P. Severe dermatonecrotic toxin and wound complications associated with box jellyfish stings 2008-2013. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2015; 42: 599-604. Walters RM, Khanna P, Hamilton M, Mays DA, Telofski L. Human cumulative irritation tests of common preservatives used in personal care products: a retrospective analysis of over 45 000 subjects. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 101-7.

Developmental toxicology Chen Z, Xu Y, Bujalowski P, Oberhauser AF, Boor PJ. N-(2-aminoethyl) ethanolamine-induced morphological, biochemical, and biophysical alterations in vascular matrix associated with dissecting aortic aneurysm. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 421-32. McDermott S, Salzberg DC, Anderson AP, Shaw T, Lead J. Systematic review of chromium and nickel exposure during pregnancy and impact on child outcomes. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2015; online early: doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1090939: Ozolinš TRS, Weston AD, Perretta A, Thomson JJ, Brown NA. Dimethadione embryotoxicity in the rat is neither correlated with maternal systemic drug concentrations nor embryonic tissue levels. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289: 89-97. Paradis F-H, Hales BF. The effects of class-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors on the development of limbs during oganogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 220-8. Partosch F, Mielke H, Stahlmann R, Gundert-Remy U. Caffeine intake in pregnancy: relationship between internal intake and effect on birth weight. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86: 291-7. Ram D, Gowdappa B, Ashoka H, Eiman N. Psychopharmacoteratophobia: excessive fear of mal-formation associated with prescribing psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: an Indian perspective. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47: 484-90. Rocheleau CM, Bertke SJ, Lawson CC, Romitti PA, Sanderson WT, Malik S, Lupo PJ, Desrosiers TA, Bell E, Druschel C, Correa A, Reefhuis J, National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Maternal occupational pesticide exposure and risk of congenital heart defects in the national birth defects prevention study. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 2015; 103: 823-33. Röllin HB, Kootbodien T, Channa K, Odland JØ.

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Prenatal exposure to cadmium, placental permeability and birth outcomes in coastal populations of South Africa. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0142455. Shivanna B, Zhang S, Patel A, Jiang W, Wang L, Welty SE, Moorthy B. Omeprazole attenuates pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and potentiates hyperoxia-induced developmental lung injury in newborn mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 276-87. Sholts SB, Korkalainen M, Simanainen U, Miettinen HM, Håkansson H, Viluksela M. In utero/lactational and adult exposures to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) show differential effects on craniofacial development and growth in rats. Toxicology 2015; 337: 30-8. Suades-González E, Gascon M, Guxens M, Sunyer J. Air pollution and neuropsychological development: a review of the latest evidence. Endocrinology 2015; 156: 3473-82. Thompson KE, Newcomb DL, Moffat GJ, Zalikowski J, Chellman GJ, McNerney ME. Evaluation of early fetal exposure to vaginally-administered metronidazole in pregnant cynomolgus monkeys. Reprod Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.013: Wu Y, Luo H, Kou H, Wen Y, Shen L, Pei L, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Wang H. Prenatal caffeine exposure induced a lower level of fetal blood leptin mainly via placental mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289: 109-16. Yu Y, Yang Y, Zhao X, Liu X, Xue J, Zhang J, Yang A. Exposure to the mixture of organophosphorus pesticides is embryotoxic and teratogenic on gestational rats during the sensitive period. Environ Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1002/tox.22219:

Driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Results of the 2013-2014 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: 669. Kahn CA. Commentary: drugs and driving. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: 670-2.

Epidemiology Alcoba G, Sterk E, Powell K, Rusch B, Tamannai M, Rull M, Ciglenecki I, Potet J, Kuch U, Chappuis F. Snakebite envenoming in South Sudan: a true public health emergency. Trop Med Int Health 2015; 20: 234-5. Cha ES, Chang S-S, Lee WJ. Potential underestimation of pesticide suicide and its impact on secular trends in South Korea, 1991–2012. Injury Prev 2015; online early: doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041781: Feigelman W, Rosen Z. Exploring prospective predictors of illicit drug-toxicity deaths: evidence from the General Social Survey. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50: 1479-89.

Ghannoum M, Lavergne V, Gosselin S, Mowry JB, Hoegberg LCG, Yarema M, Thompson M, Murphy N, Thompson J, Purssell R, Hoffman RS. Practice trends in the use of extracorporeal treatments for poisoning in four countries. Semin Dial 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/sdi.12448: Han B, Compton WM, Jones CM, Cai R. Nonmedical prescription opioid use and use disorders among adults aged 18 through 64 years in the United States, 2003-2013. JAMA 2015; 314: 1468-78. Jobson MA, Hogan SL, Maxwell CS, Hu Y, Hladik GA, Falk RJ, Beuhler MC, Pendergraft WF, III. Clinical Features of reported ethylene glycol exposures in the United States. PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0143044. Khatony A, Abdi A, Fatahpour T, Towhidi F. The epidemiology of scorpion stings in tropical areas of Kermanshah province, Iran, during 2008 and 2009. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21: 45. Kim K, Choi JW, Park M, Kim MS, Lee ES. A nationwide study of patients hospitalised for poisoning in Korea based on Korea National Hospital Discharge In-Depth Injury Survey data from 2005 to 2009. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e008823. Koulapur VV, Pujar SS, Honnungar RS, Jirli PS, Patil S. Epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning cases in Bijapur, Karnataka in Southwest India: a retrospective study. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2015; 5: 180-4. Major JM, Zhou EH, Wong H-L, Trinidad JP, Pham TM, Mehta H, Ding Y, Staffa JA, Iyasu S, Wang C, Willy ME. Trends in rates of acetaminophen-related adverse events in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2015; online early: doi: 10.1002/pds.3906: Mehrpour O, Sharifi MD, Ebrahimi M. Pattern of acute pediatric poisonings in Birjand city, East of Iran. Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2015; 5: 192-200. Narayan H, Thomas SHL, Eddleston M, Dear JW, Sandilands E, Bateman DN. Disproportionate effect on child admissions of the change in Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency guidance for management of paracetamol poisoning: an analysis of hospital admissions for paracetamol overdose in England and Scotland. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80: 1458-63. Nguyen MB, Pizon AF, Branas CC, Fabio A. Regional variations in pediatric medication exposure: spatial analysis of poison center utilization in western Pennsylvania. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1113543: Niesink RJM, Rigter S, Koeter MW, Brunt TM. Potency trends of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol in cannabis in the Netherlands: 200515. Addiction 2015; 110: 1941-50. Perla ME, Rue T, Cheadle A, Krieger J, Karr CJ.

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Biomarkers of insecticide exposure and asthma in children: a national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2008 analysis. Arch Environ Occup Health 2015; 70: 309-22. Powell H, Krall JR, Wang Y, Bell ML, Peng RD. Ambient coarse particulate matter and hospital admissions in the Medicare Cohort Air Pollution Study, 19992010. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123: 1152-8. Rahmani AH, Forouzandeh H, Kalantar M, Asad-Masjedi N, Alavian Z, Kavarizadeh K. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpion stings in Ahwaz, southwest Iran (2006–2010). Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med 2015; 5: 201-6. Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Magico A, Osornio-Vargas A, Rowe BH. The effects of outdoor air pollution on the respiratory health of Canadian children: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Can Respir J 2015; 22: 282-92. Rooney SL, Ehlers A, Morris C, Drees D, Davis SR, Kulhavy J, Krasowski MD. Use of a rapid ethylene glycol assay: a 4-year retrospective study at an academic medical center. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0516-6: Tam WWS, Wong TW, Wong AHS. Association between air pollution and daily mortality and hospital admission due to ischaemic heart diseases in Hong Kong. Atmos Environ 2015; 120: 360-8. Woo HJ, Kim HY, Choi ES, Cho Y, Kim Y, Lee J-H, Jang E. Drug-induced liver injury: a 2-year retrospective study of 1169 hospitalized patients in a single medical center. Phytomedicine 2015; 22: 1201-5.

Forensic toxicology Aissa J, Kohlmeier A, Rubbert C, Hohn U, Blondin D, Schleich C, Kröpil P, Boos J, Antoch G, Miese F. Diagnostic value of CT- localizer and axial low-dose computed tomography for the detection of drug body packing. J Forensic Leg Med 2015; 37: 55-60. Busardò FP, Kyriakou C, Tittarelli R, Mannocchi G, Pantano F, Santurro A, Zaami S, Baglìo G. Assessment of the stability of mephedrone in ante-mortem and post-mortem blood specimens. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 256: 28-37. McCarthy M. California doctor convicted of murder over deaths of three patients by overdose. Br Med J 2015; 351: h5913. Poklis J, Poklis A, Wolf C, Mainland M, Hair L, Devers K, Chrostowski L, Arbefeville E, Merves M, Pearson J. Postmortem tissue distribution of acetyl fentanyl, fentanyl and their respective nor-metabolites analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 257: 435-41. Vaiano F, Serpelloni G, Focardi M, Fioravanti A, Mari F, Bertol E.

LCMS/MS and GC-MS methods in propofol detection: evaluation of the two analytical procedures. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 256: 1-6. Yamaguchi K, Goda T, Yamaki S, Ohno Y. Structural analysis of quazepam metabolites in bile by ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 256: 7-16.

Genotoxicity Li J, Zhu X, Deng S, Liu X, Deng Q, Yu K, Sun H, Zhang X, Guo H, Chen W, Yuan J, Kuang D, He M, Bai Y, Han X, Liu B, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Cheng L, Luo X, Mei W, Zhou Z, Sun S, He X, Zhang L, Liu C, Guo Y, Zhang B, Zang Z, Hu FB. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and accelerated DNA methylation ageing: an observational study. Lancet 2015; 386, Supplement 1: S20. Miousse IR, Chalbot M-CG, Pathak R, Lu X, Nzabarushimana E, Krager K, Aykin-Burns N, Hauer-Jensen M, Demokritou P, Kavouras IG, Koturbash I. In vitro toxicity and epigenotoxicity of different types of ambient particulate matter. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 473-87. Soeteman-Hernández LG, Fellows MD, Johnson GE, Slob W. Correlation of in vivo versus in vitro benchmark doses (BMDs) derived From micronucleus test data: a proof of concept study. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 355-67. Toyoda T, Cho Y-M, Akagi J-I, Mizuta Y, Hirata T, Nishikawa A, Ogawa K. Early detection of genotoxic urinary bladder carcinogens by immunohistochemistry for -H2AX. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 400-8.

Hepatotoxicity Akintunde JK, Oboh G. Depletion of cellular adenosine triphosphate and hepatocellular damage in rat after subchronic exposure to leachate from anthropogenic recycling site. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1083-95. Barber JA, Stahl SH, Summers C, Barrett G, Park BK, Foster JR, Kenna JG. Quantification of drug-induced inhibition of canalicular cholyl-l-lysyl-fluorescein excretion from hepatocytes by high content cell imaging. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 48-59. Bolt HM. Highlight report: biomarkers of acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89: 2193-4. Fernandez D, Nelson LS. In response to: "Comparison of prothrombin time and aspartate aminotransferase in predicting hepatotoxicity after acetaminophen overdose.". J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0513-9: Johnston DI, Chang A, Viray M, Chatham-Stephens K, He H, Taylor E, Wong LL, Schier J, Martin C, Fabricant D, Salter M, Lewis L, Park SY. Hepatotoxicity associated with the dietary supplement OxyELITE Pro™ – Hawaii, 2013. Drug Test Anal 2015; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1894: Leventhal TM, Gottfried M, Hameed B, Lee WM.

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Acetaminophen parent compound levels are often undetectable in acute liver failure and acute liver injury due to acetaminophen: a retrospective cohort study. Hepatology 2015; 62: 1074A. Levine M, Pizon AF, Stellpflug SJ, Wiegand T, Villano J, Peak D, Thomas SH. Hypoglycemia in acetaminophen-induced hepatic failure: what is the significance? Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: S140. Levine M, O'Connor AD, Padilla-Jones A, Gerkin R. Comparison of prothrombin time and aspartate aminotransferase in predicting hepatotoxicity after acetaminophen overdose: a response. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0514-8: Nissan R, Poperno A, Stein GY, Shapira B, Fuchs S, Berkovitz R, Hess Z, Arieli M. A case of hepatotoxicity induced by adulterated "Tiger king", a Chinese herbal medicine containing sildenafil. Curr Drug Saf 2015; online early: doi: 10.2174/1574886311666151112123227: Robles-Diaz M, Garcia-Cortes M, Medina-Caliz I, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, Gonzalez-Grande R, Navarro JM, Castiella A, Zapata EM, Romero-Gomez M, Blanco S, Soriano G, Hidalgo R, Ortega-Torres M, Clavijo E, Bermudez-Ruiz PM, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, on behalf of on behalf of the Spanish DILI Registry and Faster Evidence-based Translation (SAFE-T) Consortium. The value of serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpetidase as biomarkers in hepatotoxicity. Liver Int 2015; 35: 2474-82. Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Mechanistic review of drug-induced steatohepatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289: 40-7. Schwingel PA, Cotrim HP, dos Santos CR, Jr., Dos Santos AO, de Andrade ARCF, Carruego MVVB, Zoppi CC. Recreational anabolic-androgenic steroid use associated with liver injuries among Brazilian young men. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50: 1490-8. Shoeib AM, Said E, Ammar EM. Cytoprotective potential of tiron and methyl palmitate against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0270: Soller RW, Ho T, Lightwood JM. Improved label and liver warning for nonprescription acetaminophen products. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2015; 49: 890-7. Stolz A, Navarro VJ, Hayashi PH, Chalasani NP, Fontana RJ, Bonkovsky HL, Hwang S, Hoofnagle JH, Kleiner DE, Barnhart HX. Severe and prolonged jaundice associated with body building supplements (BBS): review of 44 cases from the drug-induced liver injury network (DILIN). Hepatology 2015; 62: 1146A. Tailor A, Faulkner L, Naisbitt DJ, Park BK. The chemical, genetic and immunological basis of idiosyncratic drug–induced liver injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1310-7. Tujios S, Gottfried M, Durkalski VL, Lee WM.

Does weight loss surgery predispose to acetaminophen-related acute liver failure? Hepatology 2015; 62: 1069A-70A. Wang Y, Mei X, Yuan J, Lu W, Li B, Xu D. Taurine zinc solid dispersions attenuate doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289: 1-11. Woo HJ, Kim HY, Choi ES, Cho Y, Kim Y, Lee J-H, Jang E. Drug-induced liver injury: a 2-year retrospective study of 1169 hospitalized patients in a single medical center. Phytomedicine 2015; 22: 1201-5.

Inhalation toxicity Faguer S, Ruiz J, Mari A. Massive hyperhomocysteinemia as a complication of nitrous oxide inhalation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12813: Holmes WW, Keyser BM, Paradiso DC, Ray R, Andres DK, Benton BJ, Rothwell CC, Hoard-Fruchey HM, Dillman JF, Sciuto AM, Anderson DR. Conceptual approaches for treatment of phosgene inhalation-induced lung injury. Toxicol Lett 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.010: Moraco AH, Banauch G, Kopec S. A 46-year-old woman with dyspnea from an inhalational exposure, triggering thyroid storm and subsequent multi-organ system failure. J Intensive Care Med 2015; 30: 518-20. Özyurt S, Karatas M, Gümüs A, Çinarka H, Ertürk A, Kayhan S, Sahin Ü. Lipoid pneumonia for two cases. Resp Case Rep 2015; 4: 160-4. Yurdasal B, Bozkurt N, Bozkurt AI, Yilmaz Ö. The evaluation of the dust-related occupational respiratory disorders of dental laboratory technicians working in Denizli Province. Ann Thorac Med 2015; 10: 249-55.

Kinetics Allegaert K, Peeters MY, Beleyn B, Smits A, Kulo A, van Calsteren K, Deprest J, De Hoon J, Knibbe CAJ. Paracetamol pharmacokinetics and metabolism in young women. BMC Anesthesiol 2015; 15: 163. Herron CE, Brueckner CC, Chism JP, Kemp DC, Prescott JS, Smith GA, Melich DH, Oleas N, Polli JW. Toxicokinetics and toxicity of atorvastatin in dogs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289: 117-23.

Mechanisms of toxicity Briolotti P, Chaloin L, Balaguer P, Da Silva F, Tománková V, Pascussi J-M, Duret C, Fabre J-M, Ramos J, Klieber S, Maurel P, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chaloin S. Analysis of glycogen synthase kinase inhibitors that regulate cytochrome P450 expression in primary human hepatocytes by activation of -catenin, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and pregnane X receptor signaling. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 261-75. Huang T, Ditzel EJ, Perrera AB, Broka DM, Camenisch TD. Arsenite disrupts zinc-dependent TGF2-SMAD activity during murine cardiac progenitor cell differentiation.

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Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 409-20. Judson RS, Magpantay FM, Chickarmane V, Haskell C, Tania N, Taylor J, Xia M, Huang R, Rotroff DM, Filer DL, Houck KA, Martin MT, Sipes N, Richard AM, Mansouri K, Setzer RW, Knudsen TB, Crofton KM, Thomas RS. Integrated model of chemical perturbations of a biological pathway using 18 in vitro high-throughput screening assays for the estrogen receptor. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 137-54. Kwon H-K, Shin H-J, Lee J-H, Park S-H, Kwon M-C, Panneerselvam S, Lee CG, Kim SG, Kim J-H, Choi S. Etoposide induces necrosis through p53-mediated antiapoptosis in human kidney proximal tubule cells. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 204-19. Lahoti TS, Boyer JA, Kusnadi A, Muku GE, Murray IA, Perdew GH. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation synergistically induces lipopolysaccharide-mediated expression of proinflammatory chemokine (c–c motif) ligand 20. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 229-40. Maurer LL, Philbert MA. The mechanisms of neurotoxicity and the selective vulnerability of nervous system sites. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 61-70. Neuschäfer-Rube F, Schraplau A, Schewe B, Lieske S, Krützfeldt J-M, Ringel S, Henkel J, Birkenfeld AL, Püschel GP. Arylhydrocarbon receptor-dependent mIndy (Slc13a5) induction as possible contributor to benzo[a]pyrene-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Toxicology 2015; 337: 1-9. Paradis F-H, Hales BF. The effects of class-specific histone deacetylase inhibitors on the development of limbs during oganogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 220-8. Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Mechanistic review of drug-induced steatohepatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289: 40-7. Zhang T, Xu L, Wu J-J, Wang W-M, Mei J, Ma X-F, Liu J-X. Transcriptional responses and mechanisms of copper-induced dysfunctional locomotor behavior in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 299-310.

Medication errors Hogan J, Dehoux L, Niel O, Elenga N, Deschênes G, Dauger S. Hemolytic anemia and irreversible kidney and brain injuries after accidental intravenous injection of albendazole suspension in an infant. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1114626:

Metabolism Allegaert K, Peeters MY, Beleyn B, Smits A, Kulo A, van Calsteren K, Deprest J, De Hoon J, Knibbe CAJ. Paracetamol pharmacokinetics and metabolism in young women. BMC Anesthesiol 2015; 15: 163. Zohoori V, Innerd A, Azevedo LB, Whitford GM, Maguire A. Effect of exercise on fluoride metabolism in adult humans: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 16905.

Nephrotoxicity Chen Y-G, Lin C-L, Dai M-S, Chang P-Y, Chen J-H, Huang T-C, Wu Y-Y, Kao C-H. Risk of acute kidney injury and long-term outcome in patients with acetaminophen intoxication: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. Medicine 2015; 94: e2040. Judge PK, Winearls CG. Long-term effects of lithium on renal function. Lancet 2015; 386: 1942-3. Kim SY, Lee HM, Kim KS, Kim HS, Moon A. Noninvasive biomarker candidates for cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity by 2DE/MALDI-TOF-MS and SILAC/LC-MS proteomic analyses. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 167-82. Marcus DM, Grollman AP. Toxicity of botanical medicines: an overlooked global health problem. Am J Public Health 2015; online early: doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302937: Solak Y, Sipahi S. Impact of glomerular filtration rate in colchicine toxicity. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.09.012:

Neurotoxicity Bleecker ML. Carbon monoxide intoxication. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 191-203. Bowler RM, Lezak MD. Neuropsychologic evaluation and exposure to neurotoxicants. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 23-45. Caito S, Aschner M. Neurotoxicity of metals. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 169-89. Caudle WM. Occupational exposures and parkinsonism. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 225-39. Cha HJ, Seong Y-H, Song M-J, Jeong H-S, Shin J, Yun J, Han K, Kim Y-H, Kang H, Kim HS. Neurotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-081 and JWH-210. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23: 597-603. Costa LG. The neurotoxicity of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 135-48. Dorman D. Extrapyramidal system neurotoxicity: animal models. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 207-23. Doty RL. Neurotoxic exposure and impairment of the chemical senses of taste and smell. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 299-324. Filley CM. Occupation and the risk of chronic toxic leukoencephalopathy. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 73-91. Fox DA.

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Retinal and visual system: occupational and environmental toxicology. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 325-40. Gao J, Zhang X, Yu M, Ren G, Yang Z. Cognitive deficits induced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes via the autophagic pathway. Toxicology 2015; 337: 21-9. Gogtay NJ, Ferner RE. Mefloquine for malarial prophylaxis in military personnel. Br Med J 2015; 351: h5797. Guidotti TL. Hydrogen sulfide intoxication. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 111-33. Gupta VK, Pal R, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes as a surrogate biomarker of lead induced neurotoxicity. Enzyme Res 2015; 2015: 370705. Kara M, Yumrutas O, Demir CF, Ozdemir HH, Bozgeyik I, Coskun S, Eraslan E, Bal R. Insecticide imidacloprid influences cognitive functions and alters learning performance and related gene expression in a rat model. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/iep.12139: Li X, Ye F, Li L, Chang W, Wu X, Chen J. The role of HO-1 in protection against lead-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2015; 52: 1-11. Little AA, Albers JW. Clinical description of toxic neuropathies. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 253-96. Lotti M, Bleecker ML. Principles and practice of occupational neurology: an overview. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 3-8. Lucchini RG, Hashim D. Tremor secondary to neurotoxic exposure: mercury, lead, solvents, pesticides. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 241-9. Mackenzie Ross S, McManus C, Harrison V, Mason O. Reflections on the process of using systematic review techniques to evaluate the literature regarding the neurotoxicity of low level exposure to organophosphate pesticides. Environ Int 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.009: Matsumoto ME, Shen J. Femoral neuropathy and lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy after drug intoxication: a case report. PM R 2015; 7: S181. Maurer LL, Philbert MA. The mechanisms of neurotoxicity and the selective vulnerability of nervous system sites. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 61-70. Prastiwi D, Djunaidi A, Partadiredja G. High dosage of monosodium glutamate causes deficits of the motor coordination and the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1171-9.

Quinn JC. Complex membrane channel blockade: a unifying hypothesis for the prodromal and acute neuropsychiatric sequelae resulting from exposure to the antimalarial drug mefloquine. J Parasitol Res 2015; 2015: 368064. Rabi J, Kremm L. Methotrexate CNS toxicity improved with dextro-methorphan: case series. PM R 2015; 7: S93. Roberts RA, Aschner M, Calligaro D, Guilarte TR, Hanig JP, Herr DW, Hudzik TJ, Jeromin A, Kallman MJ, Liachenko S, Lynch JJ, III, Miller DB, Moser VC, O'Callaghan JP, Slikker W, Jr., Paule MG. Translational biomarkers of neurotoxicity: a Health and Environmental Sciences Institute perspective on the way forward. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 332-40. Rolan TD. Neurotoxic snakes of the Americas. Neurol Clin Pract 2015; 5: 383-8. Sainio MA, Sr. Neurotoxicity of solvents. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 93-110. Saravi SSS, Dehpour AR. Potential role of organochlorine pesticides in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neurobehavioral disorders: a review. Life Sci 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.006: Shahin S, Banerjee S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation impairs learning and spatial memory via oxidative/nitrosative stress induced p53-dependent/independent hippocampal apoptosis: molecular basis and underlying mechanism. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 380-99. Tian J, Dai H, Deng Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhou J, Zhao M, Zhao M, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang P, Bing G, Zhao L. The effect of HMGB1 on sub-toxic chlorpyrifos exposure-induced neuroinflammation in amygdala of neonatal rats. Toxicology 2015; 338: 95-103. Vale A, Lotti M. Organophosphorus and carbamate insecticide poisoning. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 149-68. Wang J, Shao Y, Shi K, Yang H, Li M. Restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy: case report and review of literatures. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 14246-50. Zeigelboim BS, Santos da Carvalho HA, de Oliveira Gonçalves CG, Albizu EJ, Marques JM, Fuck BC, Cardoso R. Otoneurological symptoms in Brazilian fishermen exposed over a long period to carbon monoxide and noise. Noise Health 2015; 17: 300-7. Zhang T, Xu L, Wu J-J, Wang W-M, Mei J, Ma X-F, Liu J-X. Transcriptional responses and mechanisms of copper-induced dysfunctional locomotor behavior in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 299-310.

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Occupational toxicology Allen EM, Alexander BH, MacLehose RF, Nelson HH, Ramachandran G, Mandel JH. Cancer incidence among Minnesota taconite mining industry workers. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25: 811-5. Amata A, Chonan T, Omae K, Nodera H, Terada J, Tatsumi K. High levels of indium exposure relate to progressive emphysematous changes: a 9-year longitudinal surveillance of indium workers. Thorax 2015; 70: 1040-6. Aminian O, Zeinodin H, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Izadi N. Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests among galvanized workers exposed to zinc oxide. J Res Health Sci 2015; 15: 159-62. Bergman BP, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Motor neurone disease and military service: evidence from the Scottish Veterans Health Study. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 877-9. Boulanger M, Morlais F, Bouvier V, Galateau-Salle F, Guittet L, Marquignon M-F, Paris C, Raffaelli C, Launoy G, Clin B. Digestive cancers and occupational asbestos exposure: Incidence study in a cohort of asbestos plant workers. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 792-7. Caudle WM. Occupational exposures and parkinsonism. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 225-39. El-Helaly M, Balkhy HH, Waseem K, Khawaja S. Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among health-care workers exposed to cleaning and disinfectant chemicals, a 2-year follow-up study. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; online early: doi: 10.1177/0748233715610043: Filley CM. Occupation and the risk of chronic toxic leukoencephalopathy. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 73-91. Fox DA. Retinal and visual system: occupational and environmental toxicology. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 325-40. Hancock DG, Langley ME, Chia KL, Woodman RJ, Shanahan EM. Wood dust exposure and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 889-98.

Hossain MB, Li H, Hedmer M, Tinnerberg H, Albin M, Broberg K. Exposure to welding fumes is associated with hypo-methylation of the F2RL3 gene: a cardiovascular disease marker. Occup Environ Med 2015; 72: 845-51. Kreuzer M, Fenske N, Schnelzer M, Walsh L. Lung cancer risk at low radon exposure rates in German uranium miners. Br J Cancer 2015; 113: 1367-9. Litow FK, Petsonk EL, Bohnker BK, Brodkin CA, Cowl CT, Guidotti TL, Harber P, Biggs JJ, Hegmann KT. Occupational interstitial lung diseases.

J Occup Environ Med 2015; 57: 1250-4. Lotti M, Bleecker ML. Principles and practice of occupational neurology: an over-view. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 3-8. Lotti M, Aminoff MJ. Evaluating suspected work-related neurologic disorders (clinical diagnosis). Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 9-21. Rong Y, Luo X, Zhang Z, Cui X, Liu Y, Chen W. Occupational exposure to asbestos and cardiovascular related diseases: a meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2: 920-6. Sielken RL, Jr., Valdez-Flores C. A comprehensive review of occupational and general population cancer risk: 1,3-butadiene exposure-response modeling for all leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myeloid neoplasm and lymphoid neoplasm. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 241: 50-8. Sliwinska-Kowalska M. Hearing. Handb Clin Neurol 2015; 131: 341-63. Teixeira MCP, Carvalho FM, Lins L. Health-related quality of life of former lead workers in Brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12: 14084-93. Utembe W, Faustman EM, Matatiele P, Gulumian M. Hazards identified and the need for health risk assessment in the South African mining industry. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1212-21. Yiin JH, Daniels RD, Kubale TL, Dunn KL, Stayner LT. A study update of mortality in workers at a phosphate fertilizer production facility. Am J Ind Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1002/ajim.22542: Yurdasal B, Bozkurt N, Bozkurt AI, Yilmaz Ö. The evaluation of the dust-related occupational respiratory disorders of dental laboratory technicians working in Denizli Province. Ann Thorac Med 2015; 10: 249-55. Zeigelboim BS, Santos da Carvalho HA, de Oliveira Gonçalves CG, Albizu EJ, Marques JM, Fuck BC, Cardoso R. Otoneurological symptoms in Brazilian fishermen exposed over a long period to carbon monoxide and noise. Noise Health 2015; 17: 300-7.

Ocular toxicity Patel S, Barnett JM, Kim SJ. Retinal toxicity of intravitreal polyethylene glycol 400. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; online early: doi: 10.1089/jop.2015.0069:

Packaging Soller RW, Ho T, Lightwood JM. Improved label and liver warning for nonprescription acetaminophen products. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2015; 49: 890-7.

Paediatric toxicology Babl FE, Grindlay J, Barrett MJ.

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Laryngospasm with apparent aspiration during sedation with nitrous cxide. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: 475-8. Canning DA. Re: Prenatal exposure to air toxics and risk of Wilms' tumor in 0- to 5-year-old children. J Urol 2015; 194: 1425-6. Caravaca-Fontan F, Martinez-Saez O, Delgado-Yague M, Yerovi E, Liaño F. An unexpected cause of severe hypokalemia. Case Rep Nephrol 2015; 2015: 957583. Carlsten C. Air pollution and children's respiratory health. Can Respir J 2015; 22: 256. Chandrasekar S, Lomasney LM, Derhammer N. Diagnosis: systemic lead toxicity. Orthopedics 2015; 38: 644-7. Claudet I, Grouteau E, Cordier L, Franchitto N, Bréhin C. Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for high-grade envenomations after European viper bites (Vipera spp.) in children. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1113542: Douglas T, Comer A, Deck C, Myers B, Hirshon JM, Rosenthal R, Sethuraman K. Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with carbon monoxide toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: S140. Freeman S, Kaufman-Shriqui V, Berman T, Varsano R, Shahar DR, Manor O. Children's diets, pesticide uptake, and implications for risk assessment: an Israeli case study. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.009: Hogan J, Dehoux L, Niel O, Elenga N, Deschênes G, Dauger S. Hemolytic anemia and irreversible kidney and brain injuries after accidental intravenous injection of albendazole suspension in an infant. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1114626: Hoover RM, Hayes VAG, Erramouspe J. Association between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and future risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. Ann Pharmacother 2015; 49: 1357-61. Kaplan J, Shah P, Faley B, Siegel ME. Case reports of aripiprazole causing false-positive urine amphetamine drug screens in children. Pediatrics 2015; 136: e1625-e1628. Kigen G, Busakhala N, Ogaro F, Chesire E, Saat N, Too R, Nyandiko W. A review of the ingredients contained in over the counter (OTC) cough syrup formulations in Kenya. Are they harmful to infants? PLoS ONE 2015; 10: e0142092. MacKinnon JA, Waterman G, Piastro K, Oakes J, Pauze D. Oropharyngeal edema in an 8-month-old girl after Woolly Bear Caterpillar exposure. J Emerg Med 2015; 49: e147-e149.

Mullen S, Maney J, Casey C. Sweet on the outside but not on the inside - Liquitab injuries in a tertiary paediatric emergency department (PED). Emerg Med J 2015; 32: 1009. Nagy A, Büdi T, Temesvári M, Szever Z, Szabó PT, Monostory K. Adverse events in a newborn on valproate therapy due to loss-of-function mutations in CYP2C9. Epilspsy Behav Case Rep 2015; 4: 86-7. Narayan H, Thomas SHL, Eddleston M, Dear JW, Sandilands E, Bateman DN. Disproportionate effect on child admissions of the change in Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency guidance for management of paracetamol poisoning: an analysis of hospital admissions for paracetamol overdose in England and Scotland. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80: 1458-63. Nguyen MB, Pizon AF, Branas CC, Fabio A. Regional variations in pediatric medication exposure: spatial analysis of poison center utilization in western Pennsylvania. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1113543: Ouédraogo V, Diaw M, Sow AK, Tiendrebeogo AJ, Husseini C, Ghislain LV, Seck A, Ba F, Mbengue A, Cissé B, Seck G, Sarr FB, Ba A, Niang MN, Samb A. Prevalence of smoking among 741 High school students from Dakar. Carbon monoxide measurement. Tunis Med 2015; 93: 279-82. Perla ME, Rue T, Cheadle A, Krieger J, Karr CJ. Biomarkers of insecticide exposure and asthma in children: a national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2008 analysis. Arch Environ Occup Health 2015; 70: 309-22. Rangel-Méndez JA, Arcega-Cabrera FE, Fargher LF, Moo-Puc RE. Mercury levels assessment and its relationship with oxidative stress biomarkers in children from three localities in Yucatan, Mexico. Sci Total Environ 2015; 543: 187-96. Shekhawat P, Rajagopalan L, Thompson V. Bright green stool in a toddler's diaper. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: 464-95. Smollin CG, Fu J, Levin R. Recognition and knowledge of medications with black box warnings among pediatricians and emergency physicians. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0519-3: Stover MW, Davis JM. Opioids in pregnancy and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Semin Perinatol 2015; 39: 561-5. Tiwari P, Thomas MK, Pathania S, Dhawan D, Gupta YK, Vishnubhatla S, Bakhshi S. Serum creatinine versus plasma methotrexate levels to predict toxicities in children receiving high-dose methotrexate. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/08880018.2015.1087612: Young ME, Hager SJ, Spurlock D, Jr.

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Retrospective chart review comparing morphine and methadone in neonates treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2015; 72: S162-S167.

Poisons information and poison information centres Chan YC, Tse ML, Lau FL. Hong Kong Poison Information Centre: annual report 2014. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 2015; 22: 376-87.

Reprotoxicity Banihani SA. Omeprazole and semen quality. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12529: Bloom MS, Neamtiu IA, Surdu S, Pop C, Anastasiu D, Appleton AA, Fitzgerald EF, Gurzau ES. Low level arsenic contaminated water consumption and birth outcomes in Romania – An exploratory study. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 59: 8-16. Feng X, Wang X, Cao X, Xia Y, Zhou R, Chen L. Chronic exposure of female mice to an environmental level of perfluorooctane sulfonate suppresses estrogen synthesis through reduced histone H3K14 acetylation of the StAR promoter leading to deficits in follicular development and ovulation. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 368-79. Figueroa ZI, Young HA, Meeker JD, Martenies SE, Barr DB, Gray G, Perry MJ. Dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites and chromosomal abnormalities in human sperm. Environ Res 2015; 143, Part A: 256-65. Friedman P, Guo XM, Stiller RJ, Laifer SA. Carbon monoxide exposure during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2015; 70: 705-12. Haffner MJ, Oakes P, Demerdash A, Yammine KC, Watanabe K, Loukas M, Tubbs RS. Formaldehyde exposure and its effects during pregnancy: recommendations for laboratory attendance based on available data. Clinical Anatomy 2015; 28: 972-9. Holm JB, Chalmey C, Modick H, Jensen LS, Dierkes G, Weiss T, Jensen BAH, Nørregård MM, Borkowski K, Styrishave B, Martin Koch H, Mazaud-Guittot S, Jegou B, Kristiansen K, Kristensen DM. Aniline is rapidly converted into paracetamol impairing male reproductive development. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 288-98. Howdeshell KL, Rider CV, Wilson VS, Furr JR, Lambright CR, Gray LE, Jr. Dose addition models based on biologically relevant reductions in fetal testosterone accurately predict postnatal reproductive tract alterations by a phthalate mixture in rats. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 488-502. Kolding L, Pedersen LH, Henriksen TB, Olsen J, Grzeskowiak LE. Hypericum perforatum use during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58: 234-7.

Risk assessment Allgaier C, Franz S. Risk assessment on the use of herbal medicinal products containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73: 494-500. Basketter DA, White IR, McFadden JP, Kimber I. Skin sensitization: implications for integration of clinical data into hazard identification and risk assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1222-30. Clements M, Millar V, Williams AS, Kalinka S. Bridging functional and structural cardiotoxicity assays using human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for a more comprehensive risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 241-60. Eisenbrand G. Current issues and perspectives in food safety and risk assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1286-90. Lu HR, Whittaker R, Price JH, Vega R, Pfeiffer ER, Cerignoli F, Towart R, Gallacher DJ. High throughput measurement of Ca++ dynamics in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes by kinetic image cytometery: a cardiac risk assessment characterization using a large panel of cardioactive and inactive compounds. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 503-16. Mendoza A, Zonja B, Mastroianni N, Negreira N, López de Alda M, Pérez S, Barceló D, Gil A, Valcárcel Y. Drugs of abuse, cytostatic drugs and iodinated contrast media in tap water from the Madrid region (central Spain): a case study to analyse their occurrence and human health risk characterization. Environ Int 2015; 86: 107-18. Perkins EJ, Antczak P, Burgoon L, Falciani F, Garcia-Reyero N, Gutsell S, Hodges G, Kienzler A, Knapen D, McBride M, Willett C. Adverse outcome pathways for regulatory applications: examination of four case studies with different degrees of completeness and scientific confidence. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 14-25. Snodin DJ. Regulatory risk assessments: Is there a need to reduce uncertainty and enhance robustness? Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1258-71. Utembe W, Faustman EM, Matatiele P, Gulumian M. Hazards identified and the need for health risk assessment in the South African mining industry. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1212-21.

Suicide Cha ES, Chang S-S, Lee WJ. Potential underestimation of pesticide suicide and its impact on secular trends in South Korea, 1991–2012. Injury Prev 2015; online early: doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041781: Cha ES, Chang S-S, Gunnell D, Eddleston M, Khang Y-H, Lee WJ. Impact of paraquat regulation on suicide in South Korea. Int J Epidemiol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/ije/dyv304: Güler S, Gökçek I, Güven I, Aytar H, Ramadan H. Blue vision and sinus tachycardia: sildenafil citrate overdose.

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JAEM 2015; 6: 87-9. Karatapanis S, Lamprianou F, Ntetskas G, Kotis A. Elemental mercury mixed with alcohol injected intravenously as a suicide attempt. BMJ Case Rep 2015; doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-207075:

MANAGEMENT General Bernardini A, Ponticelli E. Management of toxicities associated with carfilzomib: an update of the Italian experience. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2015; 15: e319-e320. Brandenburg R, Brinkman S, De Keizer N, Meulenbelt J, de Lange D. 801: A model to predict the clinical course of intoxicated ICU patients. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 201-202. Doshi D, Foëx BA, Nataly Y. BET 2: Role of vinegar in Irukandji syndrome. Emerg Med J 2015; 32: 970-1. Eizadi-Mood N, Sabzghabaee AM, Hosseini H, Soltaninejad F, Massoumi G, Farajzadegan Z, Yaraghi A. Is admission serum sodium concentration a clinical predictor for the outcome of therapy in critically ill poisoned patients? Med Arch 2015; 69: 240-3. Eizadi-Mood N, Yaraghi A, Sharifian Z, Feizi A, Hedaiaty M, Sabzghabaee AM. Clinical presentation and the outcome of therapy in a cohort of patients with methadone toxicity in Iran. Mater Sociomed 2015; 27: 276-9. Holmes WW, Keyser BM, Paradiso DC, Ray R, Andres DK, Benton BJ, Rothwell CC, Hoard-Fruchey HM, Dillman JF, Sciuto AM, Anderson DR. Conceptual approaches for treatment of phosgene inhalation-induced lung injury. Toxicol Lett 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.010: Kara I, Çelik JB, Apiliogullari S, Aydogan E. Clinical management of severe propafenone intoxication. Erciyes Tip Derg 2015; 37: 119-21. Klein-Schwartz W, Stassinos GL, Isbister GK. Treatment of sulfonylurea and insulin overdose. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12822: Kunz K, Wiegand T. Addiction medicine: current status of certification, maintenance of certification, training, and practice. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0524-6: Laes JAR. The integration of medical toxicology and addiction medicine: a new era in patient care. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0523-7: Levounis P. Bench to bedside: from the science to the practice of addiction medicine. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0515-7:

Thanacoody RHK, Gilfillan C, Bradberry SM, Davies J, Jackson G, Vale AJ, Thompson JP, Eddleston M, Thomas SHL. Management of poisoning with ethylene glycol and methanol in the UK: a prospective study conducted by the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS). Clin Toxicol 2015; online nearly: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1116044: Wood DM, Ceronie B, Dargan PI. Healthcare professionals are less confident in managing acute toxicity related to the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) compared to classical recreational drugs. QJM 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcv208:

Antidotes McMartin K, Jacobsen D, Hovda KE. Antidotes for poisoning by alcohols that form toxic metabolites. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12824:

Acetylcysteine Wong A, Graudins A. Simplification of the standard three-bag intravenous acetylcysteine regimen for paracetamol poisoning results in a lower incidence of adverse drug reactions. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1115055:

Activated charcoal Orfanidou G, Chalkias A, Koutsovasilis A, Loizos G, Xanthos T. Activated charcoal may not be necessary in all oral overdoses of medication. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.11.015: Villarreal J, Kahn CA, Dunford JV, Castillo EM, Clark RF. Prehospital activated charcoal use in antipsychotic overdose. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.10.057:

Flumazenil Pajoumand A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Zamani N. Response to: Adverse events associated with flumazenil treatment for the management of suspected benzo-diazepine intoxication – A systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized trials. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12498: Veiraiah A. This meta-analysis does not reflect current practice and overestimates SAEs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117: 363.

Glucagon Gerwin H, Behrman A, Goetz R, Otten E, Foertsch M, Hillebrand K, Winter J, Harger N. 123: Predictors of response to insulin, glucagon, and lipid emulsion in antihypertensive overdose. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 32.

Hydroxocobalamin Meillier A, Heller C. Acute cyanide poisoning: hydroxocobalamin and sodium thiosulfate treatments with two outcomes following one exposure event. Case Rep Med 2015; 2015: 217951.

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Lipid emulsion therapy Agulnik A, Kelly D, Bruccoleri R, Yuskaitis C, Burns M, Kohane D. 611: Severe carbamazepine overdose treated with lipid emulsion therapy, hemodialysis, and plasmapheresis. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 154. Czerwonka E, Heim M. Lipid rescue therapy and hyperinsulinemia/ euglycemia for atenolol and zolpidem overdose. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 316. Gerwin H, Behrman A, Goetz R, Otten E, Foertsch M, Hillebrand K, Winter J, Harger N. 123: Predictors of response to insulin, glucagon, and lipid emulsion in antihypertensive overdose. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 32. Grunbaum AM, Gilfix BM, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Gosselin S. Review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on laboratory analyses. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1115515: Kryshtal DO, Dawling S, Seger D, Knollmann BC. In vitro studies indicate intravenous lipid emulsion acts as lipid sink in verapamil poisoning. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0511-y:

Silibinin Raghu R, Jesudas B, Bhavani G, Ezhilarasan D, Karthikeyan S. Silibinin mitigates zidovudine-induced hepatocellular degenerative changes, oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemia in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1031-42.

Sodium bicarbonate Bruccoleri RE, Burns MM. A literature review of the use of sodium bicarbonate for the treatment of QRS widening. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0483-y: Lemyze M, Masse J, Queva C, Huchette D. Cardiac effect of sodium bicarbonate in sodium-channel blocker poisoning. Intensive Care Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-4122-5:

Batimastat Wang B, Liu D, Liu G, Zhang X, Wang Q, Zheng J, Zhou Y, He Q, Zhang L. Protective effects of batimastat against hemorrhagic injuries in delayed jellyfish envenomation syndrome models. Toxicon 2015; 108: 232-9.

Buspirone McRae-Clark AL, Baker NL, Gray KM, Killeen TK, Wagner AM, Brady KT, DeVane CL, Norton J. Buspirone treatment of cannabis dependence: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156: 29-37.

Dexmedetomidine Linn DD, Loeser KC. Dexmedetomidine for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Ann Pharmacother 2015; 49: 1336-42.

Disulfiram De Paepe P, Colin P, Depuydt P, Decavele A-S, De Smet J, Boussery K, Stove C, Benoit D, Verstraete A, Van Bocxlaer J, Buylaert W. Disulfiram inhibition of cyanide formation after acetonitrile poisoning. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1101770:

Extracorporeal treatments Anseeuw K, Mowry JB, Burdmann EA, Ghannoum M, Hoffman RS, Gosselin S, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, on behalf of the EXTRIP workgroup. Extracorporeal treatment in phenytoin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP (Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning) Workgroup. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; online early: doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.08.031: Brunet J, Valette X, Ivascau C, Lehoux P, Sauneuf B, Dalibert Y, Masson R, Sabatier R, Buklas D, Seguin A, Terzi N, du Cheyron D, Parienti J-J, Daubin C. Extracorporeal life support for refractory cardiac arrest or shock: a 10-year study. ASAIO J 2015; 61: 676-81. Ghannoum M, Lavergne V, Gosselin S, Mowry JB, Hoegberg LCG, Yarema M, Thompson M, Murphy N, Thompson J, Purssell R, Hoffman RS. Practice trends in the use of extracorporeal treatments for poisoning in four countries. Semin Dial 2015; online early: doi: 10.1111/sdi.12448:

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Merin O, Fink D, Fink DL, Shahroor S, Schlesinger Y, Amir G, Birk E. Salvage ECMO deployment for fatal aluminum phosphide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2015; 33: 1718.e1-1718.e3. Teerapuncharoen K, Sharma NS, Barker AB, Wille KM, Diaz-Guzman E. Successful treatment of severe carbon monoxide poisoning and refractory shock using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Respir Care 2015; 60: e155-e160.

Haemodialysis Reshetnik A, Scheurig-Muenkler C, van der Giet M, Tölle M. High-flux hemodialysis after administering high-dose methotrexate in a patient with posttransplant lympho-proliferative disease and impaired renal function. Clin Case Rep 2015; 3: 932-6.

Haemoperfusion Shi X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Impact of xuebijing and ulinastatin as assistance for hemoperfusion in treating acute paraquat poisoning. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 14018-23.

Flavocoxid Minutoli L, Micali A, Pisani A, Puzzolo D, Bitto A, Rinaldi M, Pizzino G, Irrera N, Galfo F, Arena S, Pallio G, Mecchio A, Germanà A, Bruschetta D, Laurà R, Magno C, Marini H, Squadrito F, Altavilla D. Research article Flavocoxid protects against cadmium-induced disruption of the blood-testis barrier and improves testicular damage and germ cell impairment in mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 311-29.

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Insulin Gerwin H, Behrman A, Goetz R, Otten E, Foertsch M, Hillebrand K, Winter J, Harger N. 123: Predictors of response to insulin, glucagon, and lipid emulsion in antihypertensive overdose. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: 32. Karthik R, Prasad H, Seetharam AK, Moham NTM, Trimurthy G, Wali S. Successful use of high-dose insulin therapy in atenolol overdose refractory to conventional management. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2015; 8: 242-3.

Methyl palmitate Shoeib AM, Said E, Ammar EM. Cytoprotective potential of tiron and methyl palmitate against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0270:

Monoclonal antibodies Idarucizumab Pollack C, Eikelboom J, Weitz J, Reilly P, Glund S, Dubiel R, Kreuzer J, Stangier J, Wang B, Gagg J, Verhamme P, Bernstein R, Huisman M, Hylek E, Kamphuisen P, Levy J, Selke F, Steiner T, Kam C. Initial results of the re-verse ad trial: idarucizumab reverses the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran in patients in an emergency setting of major bleeding, urgent surgery or interventions. Emerg Med J 2015; 32: 979-80.

Opioid maintenance therapy Nacht J. Emergency department-initiated buprenorphine/nalaxone treatment for opioid dependence: a randomized clinical trial: D'Onofrio G, O'Connor O, Pantalon MV, et al. JAMA. 2015;313:1636-1644. J Emerg Med 2015; 49: 831-2. Young ME, Hager SJ, Spurlock D, Jr. Retrospective chart review comparing morphine and methadone in neonates treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2015; 72: S162-S167.

Buprenorphine Wiegand TJ. The new kid on the block-Incorporating buprenorphine into a medical toxicology practice. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0518-4:

Naloxone Humphreys K. An overdose antidote goes mainstream. Health Aff 2015; 34: 1624-7. Webster LR, Smith MD, Unal C, Finn A. Low-dose naloxone provides an abuse-deterrent effect to buprenorphine. J Pain Res 2015; 8: 791-8.

Naltrexone Sudakin D. Naltrexone: not just for opioids anymore. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0512-x:

Sodium thiosulphate Meillier A, Heller C. Acute cyanide poisoning: hydroxocobalamin and sodium thiosulfate treatments with two outcomes following one exposure event. Case Rep Med 2015; 2015: 217951.

Tiron Shoeib AM, Said E, Ammar EM. Cytoprotective potential of tiron and methyl palmitate against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0270:

DRUGS General National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Results of the 2013-2014 National Roadside Survey of Alcohol and Drug Use by Drivers. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: 669. Barber JA, Stahl SH, Summers C, Barrett G, Park BK, Foster JR, Kenna JG. Quantification of drug-induced inhibition of canalicular cholyl-l-lysyl-fluorescein excretion from hepatocytes by high content cell imaging. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 48-59. Bennett AS, Elliott L, Golub A, Pouget ER, Rosenblum A, Britton P. Non-fatal overdose among recent veterans: lessons learned from a mixed methods analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 156: e18. Brunet J, Valette X, Ivascau C, Lehoux P, Sauneuf B, Dalibert Y, Masson R, Sabatier R, Buklas D, Seguin A, Terzi N, du Cheyron D, Parienti J-J, Daubin C. Extracorporeal life support for refractory cardiac arrest or shock: a 10-year study. ASAIO J 2015; 61: 676-81. Guechi Y, Pichot A, Frasca D, Rayeh-Pelardy F, Lardeur J-Y, Mimoz O. Assessment of noninvasive acoustic respiration rate monitoring in patients admitted to an emergency department for drug or alcoholic poisoning. J Clin Monit Comput 2015; 29: 721-6. Kahn CA. Commentary: drugs and driving. Ann Emerg Med 2015; 66: 670-2. Lee S, Barron MG. Development of 3D-QSAR model for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors using a combination of fingerprint, molecular docking, and structure-based pharmacophore approaches. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 60-70. Manini AF, Stimmel B, Hoffman RS, Vlahov D. Utility of cardiac troponin to predict drug overdose mortality. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s12012-015-9345-8: Matsumoto ME, Shen J. Femoral neuropathy and lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy after drug intoxication: a case report. PM R 2015; 7: S181. McCarthy M.

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California doctor convicted of murder over deaths of three patients by overdose. Br Med J 2015; 351: h5913. Mendoza A, Zonja B, Mastroianni N, Negreira N, López de Alda M, Pérez S, Barceló D, Gil A, Valcárcel Y. Drugs of abuse, cytostatic drugs and iodinated contrast media in tap water from the Madrid region (central Spain): a case study to analyse their occurrence and human health risk characterization. Environ Int 2015; 86: 107-18. Neal A, Rountree AM, Philips CW, Kavanagh TJ, Williams DP, Newham P, Khalil G, Cook DL, Sweet IR. Quantification of low-level drug effects using real-time, in vitro measurement of oxygen consumption rate. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148: 594-602. Nguyen MB, Pizon AF, Branas CC, Fabio A. Regional variations in pediatric medication exposure: spatial analysis of poison center utilization in western Pennsylvania. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1113543: Orfanidou G, Chalkias A, Koutsovasilis A, Loizos G, Xanthos T. Activated charcoal may not be necessary in all oral overdoses of medication. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.11.015: Schumacher JD, Guo GL. Mechanistic review of drug-induced steatohepatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289: 40-7. Smollin CG, Fu J, Levin R. Recognition and knowledge of medications with black box warnings among pediatricians and emergency physicians. J Med Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1007/s13181-015-0519-3: Tailor A, Faulkner L, Naisbitt DJ, Park BK. The chemical, genetic and immunological basis of idiosyncratic drug–induced liver injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1310-7. Vrolijk MF, Opperhuizen A, Jansen EHJM, Bast A, Haenen GRMM. Anticholinergic accumulation: a slumbering interaction between drugs and food supplements. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117: 427-32. Woo HJ, Kim HY, Choi ES, Cho Y, Kim Y, Lee J-H, Jang E. Drug-induced liver injury: a 2-year retrospective study of 1169 hospitalized patients in a single medical center. Phytomedicine 2015; 22: 1201-5.

Acetaminophen (see paracetamol)

Aconitine Ke L, Gao G, Shen Y, Zhou J-W, Rao P. Encapsulation of aconitine in self-assembled licorice protein nanoparticles reduces the toxicity in vivo. Nanoscale Res Lett 2015; 10: 449.

Adrenaline Ilicki J. Safety of epinephrine in digital nerve blocks: a literature review. J Emerg Med 2015; 49: 799-809.

Albendazole Hogan J, Dehoux L, Niel O, Elenga N, Deschênes G, Dauger S. Hemolytic anemia and irreversible kidney and brain injuries after accidental intravenous injection of albendazole suspension in an infant. Clin Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1114626:

Amfetamines and MDMA (ecstasy) Alam-Mehrjerdi Z, Abdollahi M. The Persian methamphetamine use in methadone treatment in Iran: implication for prevention and treatment in an upper-middle income country. Daru 2015; 23: 51. Gul W, Stamper BJ, Godfrey M, ElSohly MA. LCMS-MS method for stimulants in wastewater during football games. J Anal Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv124:

Anabolic steroids Rothberger G, Klek SP, Mikhail M. Thyrotoxicosis factitia in bodybuilders using performance enhancing drugs: a report of two cases. Thyroid 2015; 25: A66-A67. Schwingel PA, Cotrim HP, dos Santos CR, Jr., Dos Santos AO, de Andrade ARCF, Carruego MVVB, Zoppi CC. Recreational anabolic-androgenic steroid use associated with liver injuries among Brazilian young men. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50: 1490-8.

Nandrolone decanoate Vasilaki F, Tsitsimpikou C, Tsarouhas K, Germanakis I, Tzardi M, Kavvalakis M, Ozcagli E, Kouretas D, Tsatsakis AM. Cardiotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration. Toxicol Lett 2015; 241: 143-51.

Testosterone do Nascimento AM, de Lima EM, Boéchat GAP, Meyrelles SDS, Bissoli NS, Lenz D, Endringer DC, de Andrade TU. Testosterone induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by increasing proapoptotic signaling involving tumor necrosis factor- and renin angiotensin system. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34: 1139-47.

Anaesthetics Dickerson DM, Apfelbaum JL. Response to "Comments on 'Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity'". Aesthet Surg J 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/asj/sjv189: Onal O, Saltali AO, Apiliogullari S. Comments on "Local anesthetic systemic toxicity". Aesthet Surg J 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/asj/sjv187: Puls HA, Cabrera D, Murad MH, Erwin PJ, Bellolio MF. Safety and effectiveness of topical anesthetics in corneal abrasions: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Emerg Med 2015; 49: 816-24. Tok OY, Tok L, Atay IM, Argun TC, Demirci N, Gunes A. Toxic keratopathy associated with abuse of topical anesthetics and amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8: 938-44.

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Propofol Philips AT, Deiner S, Mo Lin H, Andreopoulos E, Silverstein J, Levin MA. Propofol use in the elderly population: prevalence of overdose and association with 30-day mortality. Clin Ther 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.10.005: Vaiano F, Serpelloni G, Focardi M, Fioravanti A, Mari F, Bertol E. LCMS/MS and GC-MS methods in propofol detection: evaluation of the two analytical procedures. Forensi

Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology · 2020. 6. 29. · Current Awareness in Clinical...

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