Current and future trace metals amounts in the Santa River
1
Current and future trace metals amounts in the Santa River Alexandre Guittard, Michel Baraër, Jeff McKenzie, Bryan Mark, Alfonso Fernandez, Elizabeth Walsh III – Toxicity Heavy metals toxic effects are widely documented, the following table gives an overview of the main Rio Santa contaminents known chronic toxicity. IV – Geospatial and chemical analysis Th geospatial result analysis of the contaminating elements presented on the map here beside shows that : - For most of the elements the contamination is non uniforme through the watershed. - As is regionaly present in the south and in the north of the watershed - Pb and Cd seems to be just localised to specific areas such as the Rio Quilcay - One element is ubiquitus : - Mn is present everywhere in the Rio Santa as well as tributaries - Others elements shows very variable behaviour with no specific geospacial patern : - Fe, Hg, Ni The geospatial variability observed in the results can be explained by the extremely complex chemistry that characterise the trace metal speciation in natural envuironments. Many parameters such as pH, oxygenation, temperature, competition inflence kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of trace metals. Any change in time of one of these parameters may change the concentration of a metal in the Rio Santa. As, in the present studies samples have be taken at different time of the year, this could explain the great disparity of the results. Huaraz Caraz Catac Al Neurotoxic, suspected to cause Alzheimer disease As Cutaneous lesions, carcinogen, encephalopathy Cd Nephrotoxic, carcinogen Fe Cardiac depression, metabolic acidosis Hg Powerfull neurotoxic, reprotoxic Mn Parkinson-like disease Ni Attack of the respiratory system, carcinogen Pb Neurotoxic, saturnism, psychological disturbance N E W S Acknowledgments : We would like to thanks NSF for foundind this study. Thanks also to The ÉTS, the McGill and OSU universities for supporting the research. We would like also acknowledge the ANA of Peru for their valuable contribution. 2 3 2 3 1 3 2 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 0 10 10 10 9 10 2 10 1 4 4 3 2 4 3 3 1 8 8 9 3 9 9 8 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 0 15 15 15 3 15 6 15 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 37 37 37 32 37 4 37 1 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 0 2 1 2 1 4 12 12 0 12 4 3 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 14 14 14 8 13 6 12 1 13 13 13 10 13 5 13 0 6 6 6 0 6 6 6 0 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 I - Study area The Rio Santa, Peru, drains the western slopes of the glacierized Cordillera Blanca and provides water resources at almost all levels of the watershed, from high-elevation slope agriculture to coastal agro-industrial irrigation networks and from middle-sized cities of the upper watershed to metropolises of the coast. As it flows away from the valleys of the Cordillera Blanca, the Rio Santa takes out pollution from numerous sources including domestic, acid mine drainage and possibly from aerosols from atmospheric depositions. In addition to anthropogenic pollution, there are abundant sulphide mineral deposits in the Cordillera Blanca that contribute significant amounts of trace metals to the Rio Santa in the form of naturally occurring acid rock drainage. The projected impact of glaciers retreat on the Rio Santa dry- season discharge will probably have implications for the evolution of water pollution. This threat makes the characterisation of the actual contamination level of primary importance. Km 0 5 10 20 II – Method The objective of that study is to provide an overview of trace metal contamination at the scale of the Rio Santa watershed by compiling two years of trace metal analysis from our group with other studies published on the same topic: -D.G. del Medio Ambiente, Estudio de Contaminación y Preservación del Rio Santa, 1982 -Estudio de evaluación ambiental territorial y de planeamiento para reducción o eliminación de la contaminación de origen minero en la cuenca del río santa, 1998 -Romero et al, Estudio de la calidad de agua de la cuenca del Río Santa, 2010 -Popovici, Estudio Hidrobiológico en la Cuenca Superior del Río Santa, Ancash-Perú, 2008 -Perada et al, Determinación de plomo en aguas del Río Santa, 2010 -And 2 studies made by our research group in 2011 and 2012 in the Rio Santa and tributaries. Resulting data were regrouped into geographical segments and normalized based on the EPA water drinking standards and WHO guideline (here given in ppb): Results are summarised in the following figure : Al As B Ba Cd Cr Cu Fe Hg Mn Mo Ni Pb Zn Sb 200 10 5000 2000 5 100 1300 300 2 50 70 100 15 5000 6 25 158 20 33 165 70 118 172 81 174 52 85 149 149 4 20 53 18 32 52 36 21 51 9 54 52 51 45 54 0 Total number of analysis Analysis we performed % of our contribution 80 34 100 100 32 51 18 30 11 31 100 60 30 36 0 1453 548 38 Total Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Mercury (Hg), Manganese (Mn), Nikel (Ni) and Lead (Pb). For the rest of the study we kept studying these elements only. We can notice a great disparity in the results, visible through the height of the boxplot. However, some elements shows being recuently higher than the standards: n Number of datas used to make the box However the large quantity of analytical results above the used standards shows that the pollution by trace metals of the Rio Santa by heavy metals is real. All studies put together show that at least As and Mn represents a watershed wide concern. 3 8 8 15 2 15 7 5
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Transcript of Current and future trace metals amounts in the Santa River
Current and future trace metals amounts in the Santa River
Alexandre Guittard, Michel Baraër, Jeff McKenzie, Bryan Mark, Alfonso Fernandez, Elizabeth Walsh
III – Toxicity
Heavy metals toxic effects are widelydocumented, the following table givesan overview of the main Rio Santa contaminents known chronic toxicity.
IV – Geospatial and chemical analysis
Th geospatial result analysis of the contaminating elements presented on the map here beside shows that :
- For most of the elements the contamination is non uniforme through the watershed.
- As is regionaly present in the south and in the north of the watershed- Pb and Cd seems to be just localised to specific areas such as the Rio
Quilcay
- One element is ubiquitus :- Mn is present everywhere in the Rio Santa as well as tributaries
- Others elements shows very variable behaviour with no specificgeospacial patern :- Fe, Hg, Ni
The geospatial variability observed in the results can be explained by the extremely complex chemistry that characterise the trace metal speciationin natural envuironments. Many parameters such as pH, oxygenation, temperature, competition inflence kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of trace metals. Any change in time of one of these parameters maychange the concentration of a metal in the Rio Santa. As, in the presentstudies samples have be taken at different time of the year, this couldexplain the great disparity of the results.
Huaraz
Caraz
Catac
Al Neurotoxic, suspected to cause Alzheimer disease
As Cutaneous lesions, carcinogen, encephalopathy
Cd Nephrotoxic, carcinogen
Fe Cardiac depression, metabolic acidosis
Hg Powerfull neurotoxic, reprotoxic
Mn Parkinson-like disease
Ni Attack of the respiratory system, carcinogen
Pb Neurotoxic, saturnism, psychological disturbance
N
EW
S
Acknowledgments :
We would like to thanks NSF for foundind this study. Thanks also to The ÉTS, the McGill and OSU universities for supporting the research.We would like also acknowledge the ANA of Peru for their valuable contribution.
2 3 2 3 1 3 2 3
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 3 3 3 1 3 3 3
0 10 10 10 9 10 2 10
1 4 4 3 2 4 3 31 8 8 9 3 9 9 8
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 20 15 15 15 3 15 6 15
1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3
2 4 4 4 1 4 4 3
1 2 2 2 1 2 2 22 37 37 37 32 37 4 37
1 2 2 2 0 2 2 2
0 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 2 2 2 0 2 1 2
1 4 12 12 0 12 4 3
1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
2 14 14 14 8 13 6 12
1 13 13 13 10 13 5 13
0 6 6 6 0 6 6 6
0 4 4 4 1 4 1 4
I - Study area
The Rio Santa, Peru, drains the western slopes of the glacierized Cordillera Blanca and provides water resources at almost all levels of the watershed, from high-elevation slope agriculture to coastal agro-industrial irrigation networks and from middle-sized cities of the upper watershed to metropolises of the coast. As it flows away from the valleys of the Cordillera Blanca, the Rio Santa takesout pollution from numerous sources
including domestic, acid mine drainage and possibly from aerosols from atmospheric depositions. In addition to anthropogenic pollution, there are abundant sulphide mineral deposits in the Cordillera Blanca that contribute significant amounts of trace metals to the Rio Santa in the form of naturally occurring acid rock drainage. The projected impact of glaciers retreat on the Rio Santa dry-season discharge will probably have implications for the evolution of water pollution. This threat makes the characterisationof the actual contaminationlevel of primary importance.
Km0 5 10 20
II – Method
The objective of that study is to provide an overview of trace metal contamination at the scale of the Rio Santa watershed by compiling two years of trace metal analysis from our group with other studies published on the same topic: -D.G. del Medio Ambiente, Estudio de Contaminación y
Preservación del Rio Santa, 1982-Estudio de evaluación ambiental territorial y de
planeamiento para reducción o eliminación de la contaminación de origen minero en la cuenca del río santa, 1998
-Romero et al, Estudio de la calidad de agua de la cuenca delRío Santa, 2010
-Popovici, Estudio Hidrobiológico en la Cuenca Superior delRío Santa, Ancash-Perú, 2008
-Perada et al, Determinación de plomo en aguas del Río Santa, 2010
-And 2 studies made by our research group in 2011 and 2012 in the Rio Santa and tributaries.
Resulting data were regrouped into geographical segments and normalized based on the EPA water drinking standards and WHO guideline (here given in ppb):
Results are summarised in the following figure :
Al As B Ba Cd Cr Cu Fe Hg Mn Mo Ni Pb Zn Sb
200 10 5000 2000 5 100 1300 300 2 50 70 100 15 5000 6
25 158 20 33 165 70 118 172 81 174 52 85 149 149 4
20 53 18 32 52 36 21 51 9 54 52 51 45 54 0
Total number of analysis
Analysis we performed
% of our contribution 80 34 100 100 32 51 18 30 11 31 100 60 30 36 0
1453
548
38
Total
Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Mercury (Hg), Manganese (Mn), Nikel (Ni) and Lead (Pb).For the rest of the study we kept studying these elements only.
We can notice a greatdisparity in the results, visible through the heightof the boxplot. However, some elements shows beingrecuently higher than the standards:
n Number of datas used to make the box
However the large quantity of analytical results above the usedstandards shows that the pollution by trace metals of the Rio Santa by heavy metals is real. All studies put together show that at least As and Mn represents a watershed wide concern.
3 8 8 15 2 15 7 5
