CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2011) Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR) NPR1.00 =...

Initial Environmental Examination

October 2011

NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and

Sanitation Sector Project- Karaiya-Makrahar Town

Project

Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2011)

Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR)

NPR1.00 = $0.1200 $1.00 = NPR83.312

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Submitted by:

Proponent: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Project Management Office

Panipokhari, Kathmandu

Final Report on Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Of

Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project

Rupandehi District Batch I (Package II)

(ADB Grant-0157 (NEP)

October, 2011

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Singhdurbar, Nepal

�� IIEEEE RReeppoorrtt

COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. i

��

��

�� !��"�� #�$�� %��&�� #�� '�(�� )*� �+�� #�$�� ,��$��-��$��.� /�!��"��#�$��01��23�4��-� �5��0��.�6�78��

• 9��:��0�� '��2;<��2��/�• ��0(�&��1��=��<��=(�� (��/�• 1�� =(�� +>�� ?�@A� �$� �$�� (�� $�� $��-�� &��

��4��'��B� ��(��/�• ��#�$��#��-��&�� '�� #�� ;��&�� !�

��B�� (�� C��-��'��/��

=&�0�� =�� 5�� (�� D�(�� (IEE)� !��"�� #�$�� '��0�� #��#�$�� .�/� ��!��$��8�� ?=�EA� E�� #��#�$��=�� 5�� (�� D�(�� = ��!�� 5�� $ �� F� ,��$�� $�� /�=&�0��= ��!��=&�� !��(��-��"��D�� D�� &�C�� G�� 0H��I�� = ��!�� .�/��=&�0��=�� 5��(��D�(��(IEE)�= ��!��01��23�&��'��'�(��!��G�� <��(��&��B��+��$��0J#��$�� !��0��/��====&�0��=�� 5��(�&�0��=�� 5��(�&�0��=�� 5��(�&�0��=�� 5��(��D�(��= ��!��2<�4��D�(��= ��!��2<�4��D�(��= ��!��2<�4��D�(��= ��!��2<�4��B�B�B�B� �5��0��.� �5��0��.� �5��0��.� �5��0��.�66 6677778888��

��• �� D�� &�C�� &��

�'��=��/�• �� K�� K�� &�C ��

��$�� '�� 4��(��0H��LM��LL�/�• 2;<� � �� H��2��B�� '��N��/�• ��0!��5��<��01��$��2 '��5��<��/�• ��K��-��=��0H��M6�� B��@(��<�� !��/�• %��(��%��&��/�• %��(��0��D�(��/�• �(��5��!��G��(��=��

��2��/��

=&�� #�� #�$�� 4'��'� �� D�� 0 5��O'��-�!�� H�� #��E �E�E��!�.�/��

��


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. ii

��#�$�� &��#�$�� &��#�$�� &��#�$�� &� ��

=&�� #�� #�$�� D��0�� #�$��'�� .�� /� ��D�� !��-� )P� #+�!� ��*Q� #+��5�� $��+6�@��N��+��@ ��=�� .�6� /��+6�@��-�� $��(��!��!0 R��=!0 R��0��5��S��!��.�/�

�� E �E�E��,��E�P��=��+6�@��-��R��T�!� ��P�� 5��'�� .� /� �� D�� !��-� +�� !� �� 4��0��!�.�6�/�+�� !��D�� !��-�� -E�)�*UU�!� ��-E�*�VUU��5��'��0��.�/�

��D��#�$��&��R��.� /��D��WU%�X��-��'�� .� �� D�� X��-��+� �&�� Y�� #�� (�� 0�� (��!��;� J#��-��%��&�� .�/�

�� D�� D�� (Surface Drain)� %��&�� .� /� =&�� $��D�� &�� R�� 5��&��!��/�

=&�� =&�� =&�� =&�� D��-��'��-��D��-��'��-��D��-��'��-��D��-��'��-��=�� #��#�$�� E �E�E��#��E �E�E��!�.� /��#��E �E�E��,��E�*�?2J��0��,��E�Z�?! D�(��A��,��E�[�?!��!��@��0��'��0��=��'��A��,��E�V�?�0<��2:A� ��,��E� T� ?'��,��,��:0��2:A�� E �E�E�� ,��E�Q� ?��2:��!��0��$�A��,��E�T�?��!��+��A��,��P�?��=C�� !��= !��,:�,�� @��'��0��@��A�$��+!.�/��=&�� D�� 1�� )U�PZV� ?)U�)[V� &�� QP)��&��$��A��5��X�<0��)�TQP��.�/��D�� ,��$��R��?��6�*U*TA�� 1��*U�[ZQ��0��0�� .� /��D�� R��1��C \!��[E*]��.� /�=&�� @ ��"��=�� ,��$�� .�/��!� ��-��2+�� ,�+�@��+�)VEZV� E=E��@ ��*U�[ZQ��1��?��1��VU�UUU��!��A�$��@ ��0��=&�� (�� '�� *U[V� �� =&�� K�� 6� *UUT� �$�� $�� @�� =�� 5�� (�� D�(�� =��<��0�� .�/��=&�� '��-7=&�� '��-7=&�� '��-7=&�� '��-7��

��'��-��'��-��'��-��'��-�� (� ��(� ��(� ��(� &��&��&��&��

,�+6�@�� @ ��=�� $�7�)*V��E��$��7�ZUU/*UU��E��E�;��

�� E �E�E��,��E�P�

��+�/��,��X�� +��1��,��?'�� !��A��

� �� E �E�E��,��E�P��

+>�� $��Q*P��E�

,�+6�@��Y�$��

,E��$�E��$��)VU��;��7�[PU��E�� E��$�E��$��)UU��

�� E �E�E��,��E�P��E �E�E��,��E�[�


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. iii

��'��-��'��-��'��-��'��-�� (� ��(� ��(� ��(� &��&��&��&��

;��7�WQ��E��

��(��$��?VQPQ)��EA

��+�X��X�� (��

,E��$�E��$��)VU -*VU��;��7�VZV��E�� E��$�E��$��[U-)UU��;��7�*QU��E��'E ,E�E��$��VU-)QU��;��7�VQUWU��E

�� E �E�E��,��E�Q��T��P��E �E�E��,��E�*��Z��[��V�T

��(Circular RCC Ground water storage tank) �

�� (��D��7�[UU�XE��E��)��+�� E �E�E��,��E�P��

��E �E �E��,��

�� (��D��7�*VU�XE��E��)��+�� E �E�E��,��E�P��

�H��^��5��/�$��H��G��

��(��$�� 2��

� �� E �E�E��,��E�Q��T��P��E �E�E��,��E�*��Z��[��V�T�

�=�� 5�� (�� D�(�� = ��!�� (�� =�� 5� �<�� =!��!��'�� R+>�� !� ��+�� @'�� =�� &�� E �E�E��&�@�-��@'��+��5� �<��Y�2:��0'0H�� /�� J#� =4�� D�� N�� =�(�� &�� 0!�� .#�� @��= ��!��-��N��= ��!�� .�/��5�5�5�5�� (�� (�� (�� (��=�� (��2��0��=�� (��2��0��=�� (��2��0��=�� (��2��0��_�=&�� =�� 5�� (�� = ��!�� "�� D�� D�� 5��0�� =��$��0H��M�� .�/��

)E�@�� (��'�(��*E� ��(��'�(��ZE��'��'�(��

�5�� 2H� ��'�(��-��G�� (��-�$�� 5��D��-�� .�/��

)E��(��*E�� (��ZE�� (��[E��&�CC ��(��

�=&�� #�$��(��G��=�� (��2��-� �5��0��0��.��78�

�


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. iv

• �K� <�� @ �� =�� `�� @ ��"��!0 R��0��G��`��.�/�� (��2��7 ��(��2��7 ��(��2��7 ��(��2��7��@ �� =��!�� K��D�� '��0��D��!��!��=��/�

�• �� =(�� '�� (�� &�-�� 0�� G��

��!��.�/�� (��2��7 ��(��2��7 ��(��2��7 ��(��2��7��=(��'��-�� 2��#�� (�� .�/��&��'�� (��!��(��K��0�.�/��

• ��(�� '��$�� .6��2�� +�� @�� !�� @D�� `�� @� !0 R�� 0�� `�� 0�� G�� 5�� N��=!0R�(��0��`��.�/�� (��2��7� ��(��2��7� ��(��2��7� ��(��2��7��=(��'��-� ��(�� +��0��!��@��<��$��.�/��+��!�� &��+��$��@��=�� .��+��$��2 '��-�� %��&�� .� /��@�=!0R�� 0��,��.�� .�/��=��0��<�� 2��(��-��2 '�� 5�� .�/�

�• =&�� #�$�� (�� &��

��#��-�� 5��.�/�� (��2��7 ��(��2��7 ��(��2��7 ��(��2��7�=&�� #�$�� (�� 0�� -��-��+��0��.��/��#��-�� 5��(��K��!� �!��/� ��(��a��!��-�$��F�=�� $��.�� -��2��$�<�� !�2��b�� b��=��$��.�/� ��(�&��&��CD��(�� .�/��

• =&�� #�$�� (�� D�� @��<��-��D� ��G��5��.�/�� (�� 2��(�� 2��(�� 2��(�� 2��7777� =&�� #�$�� (�� -� �� @��<��$��.��D� ��0a��K�&��'��-�� .�/��

• =&�� #�$�� (�� +� ��!��-� ��2��G�� 0�� +� K�� D�� &�C �� D��G��5��.�/�� (�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7� =&�� #�$�� (�� +��!��-�$��4�� !�� !$��.��0��H�� !��= ��<��$��.�/��


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. v

• =&�� #�$�� (��a��!��-��&��&9��= ��0��G��!0X�+��5��.�/�� (�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7� =&�� #�$� �� (�� a��!��-��&��&9��0�D��0 '��N�� !$��.�/��!��-�$��&��&9��0�D��5� �<��4�� !$��.�/��

• =&�� #�$�� (��5��4'�� (�� =!0R�(�� 0�� 5�� G�� %�� &�� =�� 2��J#�� &��&9��= ��0��5��.�/�� (�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7 ��(�� 2��7� =&�� #�$�� (�� =(�� &�� -�� 0(�&�� D�(�� .� /� �� 2��J#�� !� <��-�$��G�� 0 '��=��(,��(��5� �<�� !$��.�/��

�� (��;��&�� (��;��&�� (��;��&�� (��;��&��(EMP)��7��7��7��7��(�� %��&�� (EMP)�$�� =�� -�� .� /� =&�� (�� '�(�� (�� ;��+� � �� (�� 0�� .� /� ��+��(��@ ��(�� (��2��-�$��=��-��0�� 0��'�� <��&� ��(��$��0�� (��=��0��0�� .�/��(��=��@ ��(�� (��0�� !�� 0�� -7�)�Z[U�UUUEUU��a��0�� .�/�� 4444��R��R��R��R��0�#��-��0�#��-��0�#��-��0�#��-��

_�=&�� #�$�� 2H� ��D��(��=�� !�=�� 6�4'��=��=��$��D� �@ ��=!��0:!��#�$�� (��O'��4'��&�� !��-��0� D��=�&��2��0!�� &��9��K�� &�� !��-�� &�� 0<�� 2�� D��(��K�� !� ��.� /� K��=�� 5��(��D�(��0a��!� ��.�� 2 '��!� ��.�/�


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. vi

Executive Summary

Background

Government of Nepal (GoN) has implemented the Second Small Town Water Supply and

Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) with financial assistance from Asian Development Bank

(ADB) as a grant made available to the project as per the agreement between GoN and the Asian

Development Bank (ADB). The main aim of SSTWSSSP is to provide water supply services

including augmentation of additional water sources, construction of water treatment facilities and

storage tanks/ service reservoir, rehabilitation or expansion of transmission and distribution

systems in required extent. Sanitation services include construction of public toilets, sludge drying

bed for septic tank and sludge disposal in the agreed town through an integrated approach.

Similarly, wastewater management systems need to be included in the agreed towns. The solid

waste management activities, construction of drainage system in the town core area and

provision of Output Based Aid (OBA) to the service receivers are also included in the town

project. The project is based on demand driven and interactive procedure that ensures full

participation of the local users’ community in the project formulation, implementation and

operation and maintenance. This project will provide water supply and sanitation facilities to

about 0.6 million people.

Based upon the framework of the National Urban Policy (2007), the 15-year Development Plan

has been updated and small towns have been redefined. About 265 town (153 in Terai and 112

in hill) with a total population of 3.6 millions satisfy this criteria. These towns are developed

haphazardly but play vital role in economic linkage between rural area and countries' urban

economy and urgently need the improved facilities for better life. This lead in conceptualization

and formulation of Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Projects (STWSSSP). The

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW) is the executing agency and the Department of

Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency for the project .

DWSS through the involvement of various consultants and NGOs has successfully completed

first and second phase of the project. COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. Kathmandu was awarded a

contract for conducting review of detailed engineering design and construction supervision

including Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) studies of Karahiya Makarahar Town Water

Supply and Sanitation Project. This document covers IEE report of Karahiya Makarahar Town

Water Supply and Sanitation Project.

SSTWSSSP consists of many individual water supply town project covering small towns in

different areas of Nepal. Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply Project is one of such under

SSTWSSSP. The major structures of the proposed project consist of construction of deep tube

well, transmission line, washout, air valve, overhead and ground storage reservoir, distribution

system, control valve, house hold connection and community/private taps connection.

Objective of the IEE Study

The objective of carrying out of IEE study is to conduct an environment examination of the

proposed project area and its surroundings to identify potential environmental impacts so that

with suitable mitigation measures, the project can be implemented in an environmentally sound

and socio-economically sustainable manner.


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. vii

The basic objective of IEE is as per the following:

• to identify physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions of the

project affected areas (surroundings of Karahiya Makrahar);

• to investigate the major environmental impacts both adverse (negative) and positive

resulting from construction and operation of the project on the ecology and socio-

economic condition of project areas;

• to identify the environmental benefits of the project as well as its economical and

environmental acceptability to the community;

• to identify and analyze the alternatives from the various relevant options available;

• to address the major concern of the local community of the project area;

• to propose mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse environmental impacts to

improve overall performance of the project;

• to prepare environmental monitoring and auditing plans; and

• to inform decision-makers and interested parties about the environmental implication of

the proposed project.

In brief, the main purpose of IEE is to help decision makers and implement the project to balance

the pressure of immediate gain from exploitation of natural resources with the long term

sustainable utilization of resources and the protection of human well being and the environment.

Nature of the Proposal

The proposed Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is classified as

Environment Category B based on ADB’s Environmental Categorization thereby requiring only an

IEE. The initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been done as per the checklist suggested

by ADB and based on the provisions stated in GoN’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and

Environmental Protection Regulations, 1997(and amendments).

The service area of Karahiya Makarahar Water Supply and Sanitation Project covers settlements

of ward nos. 2 (North side of Behuri),3 (South side of Behuri), 4 (Debdaha Marga – Bhawanipur,

Mahubari Chowk, Jamuhani, Police Chauki), 5 (Budhabare Gaun), and 7 (Chauki Danda, Kumari

Gaun) of Makarahar VDC and ward nos. 6 (Haraiya Gaun, Bargduwa, Sakhuwai), 7 (Semara

bazaar, Darshan Tole) and 8 (Jagriti Nagar, Deep Nagar, Pradeep Nagar Danda, Shivapur

Chowk, Suryapura) of Karahiya VDC.

Baseline Information

The sub-project area is an emerging small town, and is growing very rapidly as a residential

centre. The project area consists of core and densely populated bazaar area, rural and scattered

settlement area. The project core area has 55% of total population and is the main trade and

economic centre and the land is mostly used for residential purposes. The bazaar is surrounded

by the rural settlements pre-dominant with agricultural fields scattered settlement.


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. viii

The present population in the proposed service area is 10, 835 (including 10,154 permanent and

681 rental) in 1,768 HHs. The projected permanent population at the end of design year 2027

from this survey year 2010 (1 year survey and design + 2 year construction + 15 years project

life) has been calculated to be as 20,436 with average annual growth rate of 4.2%.

There is no improved drinking water supply system built within the project area. The only source

of water supply for the population is ground water. The local people fetch water through shallow

tube well of 18 to 26ft depth where the tapped aquifer is easily susceptible to pollution and

contamination. No sanitary protection has been provided in these hand pumps. Most of these

hand pumps are installed by villagers themselves and few by concerned VDC. These shallow

tube wells remain functional hardly for seven to eight months in a year.

Components of the Subproject

The project will be using ground water sources. The treatment capacity of the unit for new

sources is less than 25 lps. Only one tube well of 15.35 lps capacity is kept in project scope and

another tube well of test boring will be used. The project does not involve construction of any

tunnels; relocation of people or households, and construction of river training works.

All the components of the project will be constructed on the public land. Transmission main and

Distribution main passes through earthen road and pitch road crossing in some places. The major

structures of the projects are given in the following table.

Table 1: Components of subprojects

Infrastructure Function Description Location

Deep tube well To extract ground water

Depth: 125m and Size: 300/200mm in diameter

Karahiya W.No. - 8

Generator/Guard House

For generator and guard

Karahiya W.No. - 8

Transmission Pipe Line (628 m)

Delivery of water from deep well to storage tank

DI Pipe 150mm dia- 480m and GI Pipe 100mmdia-96m

Makarahar W.No. 4 and Karahiya W.No. - 8

Distribution Pipe Line (56861 m)

Delivery of water from OHT to HH connection point at distribution main

HDPE Pipe 50mm dia to 160mm dia – 56090m, GI Pipe 40mm dia to 100mm dia – 260m and DI Pipe 150mm dia to 250mm dia – 535m

Makarahar W.No.: 2,3,4,5,7 and Karahiya W.No.: 6,7,8

Circular RCC Ground water storage tank

Storage of water Capacity 400m3, Size

11.85m dia and 4.0m height Karahiya W.No. - 8

RCC Overhead water storage tank (250 cum)

Storage of water Capacity 250m3, Tank

height; 20m Karahiya W.No. - 8

Control valve chamber (10 nos.)

Control the flow in the distribution pipe line


Pipe valve box (87nos.)




COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. ix

Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

The proposed water supply and sanitation project will have minimal negative impacts on

environment which can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures. Some of the

environmental issues of concern and their mitigation measures are:

• Erosion especially during project construction period due to digging and excavation

during laying of pipes. Unorganized disposal of excavated earth can disturb the area and

could pollute the surface water sources. In order to mitigate such impacts the excavated

soil should be placed safely against erosion and should be reused during backfilling of

the pipe trenches.

• Impact on natural vegetation and ecology. For the construction of major project structures

and during laying of distribution pipes, existing vegetation might be cleared and species

habitat might be destroyed. In order to reduce such impacts, vegetation clearance should

be avoided as much as possible and whenever possible re-plantation should be carried

out.

• Risk of pollution of ground and surface water from the sludge and effluents from

treatment plants. To mitigate such impacts, the water qualities should be monitored

periodically and proper sludge disposal site should be maintained. Based upon the water

quality only disinfection is proposed for water treatment.

• Health and safety of construction workers. Workers should be trained on health and

safety measures including proper storage and handling of chlorine used for water quality

treatment. Safety gears are to be provided and first aid to be located at easily accessible

areas.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and cost

The EMP should be executed in such a way that the contractor is monitored during the

construction period so that the mitigation measures specified in the report are implemented

during project construction. Provisions should be made so that monitoring activities are

conducted regularly and as prescribed. EMP should also ensure that the actual environmental

impacts during the period of project operation over the years after the completion of the project

are monitored and compared with the predicted impact.

The total cost of monitoring the potential environmental impacts for a period of 24 months is

Nrs. 1,340,000.00

Conclusion

It is expected that the proposed Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

will have minimal environment impacts which can be easily mitigated with careful planning and

monitoring measures. The implementation of the project will bring significant improvement in

water supply situation and on sanitation facilities of the community thereby improving the overall

quality of life. Since, no significant adverse environmental impacts are expected, a full scale EIA

is not required and the present IEE study is sufficient.


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. x

Table of Contents

Page

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ i

Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... x

Abbreviations & Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1

1.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT ........... 1

1.2 BASIS AND EXTENT OF THE IEE STUDY .................................................. .......................................... 2

1.2.1 ADB Policy ........................................................................................... .................................................. 2

1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines .................................................. 2

1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study ...................................................... .......................... 4

1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project Rational .................................................. ................................................... ... 4

1.2.5 Approach and Methodology ............................................................................. ..................................... 6

1.2.6 Impact Identification, Prediction, Evaluation and Prioritization ........................................................... 7

CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...........................................................................................9

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS .................................................. ............................................ 9

2.1.1 Type of the Proposal ................................................................................. ............................................. 9

2.1.2 Nature and Types of Goods Delivered .................................................................. ................................. 9

2.1.3 Proposed Project ..................................................................................... .............................................. 9

2.1.4 Materials to be Used and Year of Accomplishment ...................................................... ...................... 10

2.1.5 Emission Resulting from the Implementation of the Project ............................................................... 10

2.1.6 Energy to be Used..................................................................................... ........................................... 11

2.1.7 Manpower Requirement/Employment Generation ........................................................... .................. 11

2.1.8 Resources Required ................................................................................... .......................................... 12

2.2 DETAILED PARTICULAR OF THE AREA .................................................. .......................................... 12

2.2.1 Location and Accessibility ........................................................................... ......................................... 12

2.2.2 Geology and Soils .................................................................................... ............................................ 13

2.2.3 Climate and Air Quality .............................................................................. ......................................... 13

2.2.4 Population and communities ........................................................................... .................................... 13

2.2.5 Health Facilities .................................................................................... ............................................... 14

2.2.6 Educational Facilities ............................................................................... ............................................ 14

2.2.7 Socio-economic Conditions (community structure, family structure, social well-being) ..................... 15

2.2.8 Employment Status .................................................................................... ......................................... 16

2.2.9 Resettlement Issues .................................................................................. ........................................... 17

2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE .................... 18

2.3.1 Water Supply ......................................................................................... .............................................. 18

2.3.2 Sanitation ........................................ ................................................... ................................................. 18

2.3.3 Drainage ............................................................................................. ................................................. 18

2.4 SERVICE AREA .................................................. ................................................... .................................. 18

2.5 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT .................................................. ................................................... 19

2.6 SOURCE OF WATER .................................................. ................................................... ......................... 20

2.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES .................................................. ................................................... .. 20

2.8 SERVICE RESERVOIRS .................................................. ................................................... ........................... 20

2.9 PIPE LINES .................................................. ................................................... .......................................... 20

2.10 OTHERS APPURTENANCE .................................................. ................................................... ......... 20

2.10.1 Generator/Pump House ................................................................................. ..................................... 20

2.10.2 Operator/ Chaukidar Quarter .......................................................................... .................................... 20

2.10.3 Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building ......................................................... ......................... 20

2.10.4 Electrical Facilities ................................................................................ ............................................... 20

2.10.5 Chambers ............................................................................................. ............................................... 21

2.10.6 House Connection and Community Tap ................................................................... ........................... 21

2.11 TYPE, CATEGORY AND NEED OF THE SUBPROJECTS .................................................. ......... 21


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. xi

2.12 SALIENT FEATURES THE PROJECT .................................................. .................................................. 21

2.13 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION .................................................. .................... 24

2.14 PROJECT ACTIVITIES................................................... ................................................... .................. 24

2.15 PATH FOR MOVEMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA WHERE PROJECT IS TO BE

IMPLEMENTED .................................................. ................................................... ............................................... 24

2.16 MANUFACTURING PROCESS .................................................. ................................................... .... 25

2.16.1 Land Acquisition ..................................................................................... ............................................. 25

2.16.2 Construction of Deep Tubewell......................................................................... ................................... 25

2.16.3 Installation of Pumps and Electrical Facilities ...................................................... ............................... 25

2.16.4 Construction of Service Reservoir .................................................................... .................................... 25

2.16.5 Pipe Laying and Jointing Including Earthwork ......................................................... ............................ 26

2.16.6 Construction of House Connections .................................................................... ................................. 26

2.16.7 Raw Materials to be Used ............................................................................. ...................................... 26

CHAPTER III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .............................................................................. 28

3.1 WATER RESOURCES .................................................. ................................................... ....................... 28

3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES .................................................. ................................................... ............ 28

3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas ................................................................... ................................ 28

3.2.2 Flora ............................................. ................................................... ................................................... . 28

3.2.3 Fauna ............................................. ................................................... ................................................... 28

3.2.4 Physical or Cultural Heritage ........................................................................ ....................................... 28

3.2.5 Slums and Squatter Settlements ....................................................................... .................................. 29

3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH ................................................. 29

3.3.1 Land Use ............................................................................................. ................................................. 29

3.3.2 Infrastructure ....................................................................................... ............................................... 29

3.3.3 Economic Characteristics ............................................................................. ........................................ 30

CHAPTER IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 32

4.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE .................................................. ................................................... ........ 32

4.1.1 Environmental Impacts Due to Project Design .......................................................... .......................... 32

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE .................................................. ................................................... ................. 32

4.2.1 Environmental Impacts Due to Project Construction .................................................... ...................... 33

4.3 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PHASE IMPACTS .................................................. .............. 39

4.4 MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................. ................................................... ................. 40

4.5 MITIGATION COST .................................................. ................................................... ............................ 43

CHAPTER V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................. 44

5.1 PROJECT LOCATION ALTERNATIVE .................................................. ............................................... 44

5.2 PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVE .................................................. ................................................... . 44

5.3 TECHNOLOGY CHOICE & CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES ALTERNATIVE ............................. 44

5.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE .................................................. ................................................... . 44

5.5 NO ACTION OPTION .................................................. ................................................... .......................... 45

CHAPTER VI: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ....................... 46

6.1 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION .................................................. ................................................... .................... 46

6.2 INDIVIDUAL/ INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED .................................................. ..................................... 46

6.3 COMMENTS/ SUGGESTIONS/ISSUES RAISED .................................................. ............................. 47

CHAPTER VII: GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................... 48

CHAPTER VIII: MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT ................... 49

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) .................................................. ............................ 49

8.1.1 Objectives of the EMP ................................................................................ ......................................... 49

8.2. MITIGATION AND MONITORING .................................................. ................................................... .... 49

8.2.1 Monitoring Indicators ................................................................................ .......................................... 49

8.2.2 Types of Monitoring .................................................................................. .......................................... 50

8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................. ........................................ 50


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. xii

8.3.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan ........................................................................ .................................. 50

8.3.2 Mechanism for Monitoring ............................................................................. .................................... 54

8.3.3 Monitoring Cost ...................................................................................... ............................................. 54

8.3.4 Modality of Operation ................................................................................ ......................................... 54

8.3.5 Environmental Procedures and Institutions ............................................................ ............................ 55

8.3.6 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ......................................................... ..................... 56

8.3.7 Documentation and Reporting .......................................................................... .................................. 56

8.3.8 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates .................................................................. .............................. 57

CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................... 61

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 62


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. xiii

List of Tables

Table 1.1: Threshold limit for conducting IEE and status of the project

Table 2.1: Components of Projects

Table 2.2: Capacities of Pumps used

Table 2.3: Annual cost for Operation and Maintenance

Table 2.4: Components of Subprojects

Table 2.5: Total Population at delineated Project Area

Table 2.6: Age Group of the Population

Table 2.7: Distribution Population by Educational Status by wards (6 years and above)

Table 2.8: Ward-wise distribution of Educational Institutions

Table 2.9: Distribution of Population by Sex and Family Size

Table 2.10: Distribution of Households by Migration

Table 2.11: Resettlement Plan

Table 2.12: Service Area/Population Coverage

Table 4.1: Physical Environmental issues and Impacts

Table 4.2: Biological Environmental issues and Impacts

Table 4.3: Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental issues and Impacts

Table 4.4: Types of impacts, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost

Table 4.5: Mitigation Cost

Table 6.1: Stakeholders contacted during public consultation/ FGD

Table 8.1: Types of mitigation measures, monitoring parameters, responsibilities and cost

Table 8.2: Environmental monitoring cost

Table 8.3: Environmental Management Roles and Responsibilities of different parties

Table 8.4: Summary of Cost

Table 8.5: Cost of water supply component

Table 8.6: Cost of sanitation component

List of Figures:

Fig-2.1: Age Group Population ........................................................................................................ 13

Fig-2.2: Literacy Status .................................................................................................................... 14

Fig-3.1: Work Schedule ................................................................................................................... 23

Fig-7.1: GrievanceRedressMechanism ........................................................................................... 47

ANNEXES:

Annex-I: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist of Water Supply

Annex-II: General Layout of Reservoir Bore hole, Pump House/Generator House

Annex-III: Project Location Map

Annex-IV: Public Notice, Muchulka, Recommendation Letter and Focus Group Discussion

Annex-V: TOR Approval letter and IEE Terms of Reference

Annex-VI: Water Quality Report

Annex-VII: Comments and Responses


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. xiv

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ADB : Asian Development Bank

amsl : Above Mean Seal Level

DI : Ductile Iron

Dia. : Diameter

DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EPA : Environmental Protection Act

EPR : Environmental Protection Rule

GI : Galvanised Iron

GoN : Government of Nepal

HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe

HHs : Households

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

lpcd : Litre per capita per day

lps : Litre per second

MPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard

NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority

NGO : Non-government Organization

Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees

O&M : Operation and Maintenance

OD : Outer diameter

PMC : Project Management Consultant

PMO : Project Management Office

SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

TDF : Town Development Fund

VAT : Value Added Tax

VDC : Village Development Committee

WHO : World Health Organisation

WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office

WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee


COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. 1

Chapter I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION PREPARING THE

REPORT

1. The project proponent, Project Management Office (PMO) of Second Small Towns Water Supply

and Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) under Department of Water Supply and Sewerage of

GoN is responsible for conducting present IEE study of the project. COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd.

has been contracted to work on the behalf of PMO to conduct the IEE studies and prepare an IEE

report by using all prevalent guidelines, acts, policies and rules.

2. The name and address of the institutions responsible for conducting and preparing IEE report

are:

• Name of the proposal: Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project

• Name of the Proponent:


Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

Government of Nepal

• Address of the Proponent:

Panipokhari, Kathmandu

Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348

Fax: 977 1 4413280

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np

• Consultant preparing the report:

COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd.

Ksitiz Marga, Shankhamul

Post Box No. 19961, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel/Fax: 977-1-4784558




1.2 BASIS AND EXTENT OF THE IEE STUDY

1.2.1 ADB Policy

3. As per ADB guidelines on Environment Assessment requirements, this project is classified as

Environment Category B and an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required as per the

checklist suggested by ADB. Similarly based on rules pertaining to GoN’s Environmental

Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Rules, 1997, an IEE is necessary for the

proposed project.

1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines

4. Following Acts, Policies, Laws, Rules, Directives and Guidelines have been reviewed and

evaluated during the preparation of IEE report of Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and

Sanitation Project.

Law

i) The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)

The Constitution requires the state to give priority to the protection of environment and prevention

of further damage to the environment due to development activities and to take special measures

for protection of wildlife, vegetation and forests. In response to the emerging situation of

environmental problems and realization of benefits, adoption of IEE/ EIA as a planning and

management tool to be applied in development planning and administration was made mandatory

to prevent further damage.

Policies

ii) National Conservation Strategy (NCS) for Nepal, 2044 B.S. (1988 A.D.)

The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was endorsed by GoN in 1988. It emphasizes the

need for sustainable development and stressed on interdependence of conservation and

development.

iii) National Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2052 B.S. (1996 A.D.)

The National Environmental Policy and Action Plan were endorsed by the Government in August.

1993. It is a plan of the government's endeavour to incorporate environmental concerns into the

country's development process. This identifies alteration of ecology from riverine to take

destruction of forests and wildlife, threats to migratory aquatic species and climatic change.

Acts and Regulation

iv) Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

This act has been enacted to make arrangements for the national utilization, conservation,

management and development of water resources in Nepal. As per the section 8. sub-section 1

of the Act, "a person of corporate body desiring to conduct survey or utilizing water resources will



be required to submit an application to the prescribed officer or authority along with the economic,

technical and environmental study report and with other prescribed particulars."

Section 18, 19 and 20 at the Act deal with water quality standards, water pollution and adverse

effect on the environment. Section 20 of the Act states that "while utilizing water resources, it will

be done so in such a manner that no substantial adverse effects be made on the environment by

way of soil erosion, flood, landslides or similar other cause".

v) Land Acquisition Act, 2034 B.S. (1977 A.D.)

The Land Acquisition Act authorizes the government to acquire land for public purposes. While

requiring compensation for the private landowner, the Act, however, does not specify that the

compensation must be at market value. The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1993 was prepared

under the Act and has categorized the affected people as Project Affected Families (PAF). The

compensation should be based on market value for building materials, labour cost and plinth area

of the house.

vi) Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.) and Forest Regulation, 2050 B.S. (1995 A.D.)

Forest clearance should follow the regular provision as contained in the Forest Act, 1993 and

Forest Regulation, 1995. Article 20 of the Forest Act, 1993 empowers GoN to prepare and

implement a work plan for the management of national forest while its article 21 prohibits

operating any functions in the government managed forest other than prescribed in the work plan.

Article 68 states that the Act empowers GoN in case of no alternatives, to provide parts of any

forest- government, community or private for the implementation of national priority actions with

the assurance that it does not adversely affect the environment. In accordance with the provision

contained in Rules 12 and 13 of the Forest Rules, 1995, GoN has banned the transportation,

export and felling of Chanp, Khayarand Sal.

vii) Industrial Enterprise Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

Industrial Enterprise Act, 1992 under its schedule 4 has defined water supply project as national

priority project.

viii) Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 2053 B.S. (1996 A.D.) and Environmental Protection

Regulation (EPR), 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.) and amendments, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.)

The Ministry of Population and Environment enacted Environmental Protection Act. This

legislation enforced since January 1997 contains provision for carrying out IEE and EIA for

development projects in different sector. Consequently, for the elaboration of the articles in the

Act, Environmental Protection Regulation 1997 was also enforced. The EPR, 1997 along with its

First Amendment in 1999 obliged the proponent to make public on the contents of the proposal in

order to ensure the participation of different stakeholders. The proponent should issue a public

notice providing a time of 15 days to seek comments and suggestions on the proposals. The

EPR, 1999 also obliged the proponent to include all relevant environmental issues in the scoping

report for EIA and in the Terms of Reference (ToR) of IEE before submission for approval.

Ministry of Environment is responsible for EIA reports whereas in the case of IEE, concerned

ministry is responsible.



Standards and Guidelines

ix) National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.)

The National EIA Guidelines were endorsed by GoN in September 1992 and gazetted in June

1993. As per this guideline, only IEE is sufficient for water supply and sanitation projects like

Karahiya Makrahar.

x) Water Resources Sector EIA Guidelines, 2054 B.S. (1996 A.D.)

Based on the National EIA guidelines, EIA guidelines for the water resources sector has

been developed by the Ministry of Water Resources.

1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study

5. The main objective of IEE study of the project is to follow Rule 7 and Annex 5 of EPR, 2054

(1997) including its amendment, 2055. The norms for this study will be guided by the National

Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 1993 and the spirit of EPA, 2054.

Some of the specific objectives of the IEE are as the following:

• to identify physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions of the

project affected areas (surroundings of Karahiya Makarahar);

• to investigate the major environmental impacts both adverse (negative) and positive

resulting from construction and operation of the project on the ecology and socio-

economic condition of project areas;

• to identify the environmental benefits of the project as well as its economical and

environmental acceptability to the community;

• to identify and analyze the alternatives from the various relevant options available;

• to address the major concern of the local community of the project area;

• to propose mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse environmental impacts to

improve overall performance of the project;

• to prepare environmental monitoring and auditing plans; and

• to inform decision-makers and interested parties about the environmental implication of

the proposed project.

6. In brief, the objective of carrying out of IEE study is to investigate the environmental implication of

the proposed project so that the project can be implemented in an environmentally and socio-

economically sustainable manner.

1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project Rational

7. The proposed Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project is classified as

environment Category B project as per Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Project

Impacts of Asian Development Bank (ADB). Hence in accordance with ADB's Environmental

Assessment Requirements and Environmental Guidelines for Selected Infrastructure

Development Projects, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has to be carried out.

8. According to the provisions stated in the Environmental Protection Act 1996 and Environmental

protection Regulations 1997 (including amendments 1999 and 2007) for the water supply



schemes, the proposed project needs to undertake and IEE study based on Rule 3, Annex 1 and

2 of the EPA and EPR. The revised environmental rule published on 20 Sept, 2007 has also been

used to determine the criteria for the IEE of the project. The screening criteria (Table 1.1) for the

application of IEE or EIA are clearly mentioned in the schedule 1 and schedule 2 of EPR. The

points of the schedule determined wheather the project should undergo IEE or EIA.

9. One the basis of the desk study of the various related literature and field study data, the structure

components of the project including deep well lie in the semi urban area and most of the pipe line

of the proposed system passaess along the existing road tracks. Since the proposed Karahiya

Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project supplies water to a population range of

5000 to 50,000 through a ground water source that has a discharge of less than 25 lps, the

project falls within IEE threshold limit. Moreover, the water quality complies with the National

Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS), thereby not requiring treatment plant. The project

does fall under any restricted area, wild life national parks and any other place where the law of

the land prohibits any construction activities and also the project not involve construction of any

tunnels; relocation of people or households is not involved, and construction of river training

works is not required.

10. In this way, all the criteria lie within the range of schedule 1 of EPR. As per the ADB's

Environmental Assessment Requirement and Environment Guidelines for selected infrastructure

development project and GoN’s EPR 2054, only Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is

sufficient for proposed Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project. The

following Table 1.1 compares the status of the project against criteria defined by EPA and EPR

for which a drinking water project would require an IEE or EIA.

11. As per EPR, in order to conduct the IEE, the proponent has to prepare the Terms of Reference

(TOR) and submit to Ministry of Physical Planning and Works for approval through Department of

Water Supply and Sewerage. The purpose of preparation of TOR is to define the studies that will

be conducted to prepare IEE report and identify the environmental issues to be looked in the IEE

report. The TOR for this IEE work was approved by MPPW on Magh 27, 2067

12. The following Table 1.1 compares the status of the project against criteria defined by EPA and

EPR for which a drinking water project would require an IEE or EIA.

Threshold limit for conducting IEE Report

13. According to Environmental protection Guidelines, 2054 BS, First Revised (2055 BS) schedule-3,

Work–Schedule of Initial Environmental Examination of Drinking water are:

Table 1.1: Threshold limit for conducting IEE and status of the project

Description For Proposed water

supply project 1) Collection of rain- water not more than 200 hectares, and use of water sources (springs and wetlands) located within the same area.

Not applicable

2) Surface water sources with not more than 1 cubic ft. Safe yield and supply of not more than 50 percent of the water during the dry season

Not applicable

3) Processing of water at the rate of 10 to 25 liters per second.

Within the limits (capacity of processing system is 15.35 lps)

4) Recharging up to 50 percent of the total aquifer for the development Not applicable



of underground water source.

5) Construction of not more than one kilometer long tunnels for carrying water

Not applicable

6) Displacement of not more than 100 persons for operating a water supply scheme.

Not applicable

7) Settlement of not more than 500 persons on the upper reaches of water sources

Not applicable

8) Supply of drinking water to population ranging between 5000 and 50000

Within the limits (Design Popilation is 20,436)

9) Supply of drinking water to a population ranging between 10000 and 100000 and connection of new sources

Not applicable

10) Installation of more than 20 kilometers long electricity transmission lines for pumping or processing water and consumption of more than one mw of electricity.

Not applicable

11) River training and diversion activities over an area of more than one kilometer.

Not applicable

Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.

14. The proposed Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project is classified as

environment “Category B” project as per Environment Policy of Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Hence in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) for Selected Infrastructure

Development Projects, an Initial Environmental Examination Study has to be carried out.

1.2.5 Approach and Methodology

15. The present Initial Environmental Examination report has been prepared based on the approved

Terms of Reference (TOR) by the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, of the Government of

Nepal The procedures followed for current IEE study are in accordance with the provisions stated

in ADB’s environmental guidelines and the GoN’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and

Environmental Protection Rules, 1997.

16. ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist was completed for the proposed project

and Environmental Categorization of the project was decided. Based on checklist and

environmental categorization, the proposed project has been classified under category B of

ADB’s environmental classification, which depicts that the project has insignificant environmental

impacts and requires only an IEE.

17. The study team visited the site to identify the potential impacts, both positive and negative, of the

project. During the visit, the team met local people of different sectors and conducted meetings,

brainstorming sessions, field examinations, and data gathering and processing for the purpose.

The team also made walk through and meandering survey of project area to identify the

environment structure and potential areas which needs to be taken in to account.

18. The specific methods used for collecting the required information and conducting the IEE study

are as follows:

• Literature Review: The published and unpublished relevant information and literatures

were extensively reviewed. The potential sources of information include, but not limited

to; topographical maps, publications of DDC, District Forest Office, District Soil

Conservation Office, District Agriculture Office, District Irrigation Office, District Water

Supply Office, District Livestock Services Office, and NGOs. The reports related to the



water supply and sanitation scheme (e.g. Feasibility, detailed design Study Report,

consultation report and any other relevant report) were thoroughly reviewed in preparing

IEE report.

• Delineation of geographical boundary of the influence area on the topo-map

It is necessary to specify area that shall be covered for assessment of environmental

impacts so as to avoid future confusion. Depending upon nature and extent of expected

impact area the geographical area is categories into Direct Impact Area (DIA) and

Indirect Impact Area (IIA).

Direct Impact Area (DIA)

The service area of the proposed project covers ward nos. 2 (North side of

Behuri),3 (South side of Behuri), 4 (Debdaha Marga – Bhawanipur, Mahubari

Chowk, Jamuhani, Police Chauki), 5 (Budhabare Gaun), and 7 (Chauki Danda,

Kumari Gaun) of Makarahar VDC and ward nos. 6 (Haraiya Gaun, Bargduwa,

Sakhuwai), 7 (Semara bazaar, Darshan Tole) and 8 (Jagriti Nagar, Deep Nagar,

Pradeep Nagar Danda, Shivapur Chowk, Suryapura) of Karahiya VDC. This

area is delineation as Direct Impact Area (DIA)

Indirect Impact Area (IIA)

The area around the DIA which may be indirectly affected due to the Project

implementation activities such as mobility of people, equipment, vehicles, noise,

vibrations, dust etc. is categorized as the indirect impact area. Karahiya VDC

ward no.- 1, 2, 3, 4 ,5, 9 Makarahar VDC ward no 1, 6, 8 and 9 are the

delineation as Indirect Impact Area (IIA).

• Walk-through Survey: A walk-through survey of the service area was done to inspect

and understand the project components and the environmental features of the

surrounding areas. Necessary measurements were noted and discussed with the local

stakeholders.

• Questionnaire & Checklist: As a part of desk study. A check list was used to gather the

information on physical and biological parameters. (Annex-I)

• Focus Group Discussion (FGD): The discussions have been held during field visit

regarding environmental aspects. The relevant stakeholders and the members of the

local communities were consulted and a FGD was organized in order to understand their

views and opinions. The discussion made during FGD is kept in Annex-IV.

1.2.5.1 Impact Identification, Prediction, Evaluation and Prioritization

19. The information collected from different sources was processed and analyzed according to the

physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment within the zone of influence. The

collected secondary data were the major sources for verification and cross checking of primary

data during the field survey. The generated information from primary source was analyzed,

tabulated and prioritized.

20. Based on the identification of the impacts, their prediction was done to forecast the changes in

local environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by using various



methods, such as matrix, trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert judgment etc. The

assessment of environmental impact was derived exclusively in terms of magnitude, duration and

extent. The significance of positive and negative impacts associated with construction and

subsequent operation of the proposed Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation

Project were identified, predicted and prioritizations of the seriousness of environmental impacts

were evaluated.

21. The consultant has addressed environmental aspects by furnishing information on Physical,

Biological, Socio-economic and Cultural Environments. The methods followed for each are given

under the respective headings below.

Physical Environmental Assessment

22. Existing environmental constraints and potential impacts in the project area were studied through

field surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with some of

government officials, schools and representatives of the local bodies.

Biological Environmental Assessment

23. The information on biological environment was gathered by reconnaissance survey of the project

site and surrounding area. Due attention were paid on vegetation, wild life, and aquatic life of the

project area and surroundings. The methods used for the collection of biological information are

as follows.

• Collection of ethno-botanical information on socio-economically important plant species

through consultation with local informants.

• Ethno zoological data have been obtained by conducting interviews and discussion with

local informants.

• Information on local uses of aquatic biota, fish spawning site, migration pattern, and

weedy aquatic plants were obtained holding interview with local informants.

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Assessment

24. Social assessment has been attempted to determine the social implication in terms of assumed

positive and negative impacts. The primary data for the initial social assessment, which is an

integral part of the initial environmental examination (IEE), were obtained through focus group

discussion with communities. Additional data were collected from general documents on the

districts and households survey questionnaires.

Evaluation of the Impacts of the Project on the Environment

25. The impacts of the project on environment were conducted by grading in the checklists. The

checklist used is given in the Annex I of this report.

1.2.5.2 Overview of IEE Study

26. Following steps were taken by the consultants before preparation of this IEE report

• Preparation of ToR and its approval.

• Public notification.

• Field survey and analysis.

• Meetings and gatherings with locals of the project area.

• Report Preparation



Chapter II: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS

2.1.1 Type of the Proposal

27. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project. The Project is to improve health

and quality of life of people living in the project towns by facilitating drinking water supply facility

28. The project area of Karahiya Makarahar town is located between Karahiya VDC and Makarahar

VDC of Rupendehi district in Lumbini Zone in Western Development Region. The service area of

Karahiya Makarahar Water Supply and Sanitation Project covers settlements of ward nos. 2

(North side of Behuri),3 (South side of Behuri), 4 (Debdaha Marga – Bhawanipur, Mahubari

Chowk, Jamuhani, Police Chauki), 5 (Budhabare Gaun), and 7 (Chauki Danda, Kumari Gaun) of

Makarahar VDC and ward nos. 6 (Haraiya Gaun, Bargduwa, Sakhuwai), 7 (Semara bazaar,

Darshan Tole) and 8 (Jagriti Nagar, Deep Nagar, Pradeep Nagar Danda, Shivapur Chowk,

Suryapura) of Karahiya VDC.

29. The present population in the proposed service area is 10, 835 (including 10,154 permanent and

681 rental) in 1,768 HHs. The projected permanent population at the end of design year 2027

from this survey year 2010 (1 year survey and design + 2 year construction + 15 years project

life) has been calculated to be as 20,436 with average annual growth rate of 4.2%.

2.1.2 Nature and Types of Goods Delivered

30. The project has been conceptualized as a community based approach. Almost half of the project

cost has to be mobilized and shared by the community who will also be responsible for operation

and management of the system after its completion. The active involvement of the community in

the decision making as well as in project implementation and operation has been ensured. After

the completion of the project, the local people of the service area will benefit from regular supply

clean drinking water and proper sanitation services.

31. Safe drinking water is distributed the local people of the service area in the proposed service area

by distribution system. The project will provide 24-hours supply of water of potable water of

NDWQS standard within the project area.

2.1.3 Proposed Project

Installed Capacity

32. The proposed project will meet the water supply requirement demand of the year 2027. The total

design water demand for the system at the end of design year (2027) is calculated as 2,452,278

lpd. The adopted per capita water demand is 100 LPCD.

Operation Time

33. The proposed water supply & sanitation project has been designed to provide 24-hours of reliable

and continuous safe drinking water in adequate quantity to the people of service areas.



2.1.4 Materials to be Used and Year of Accomplishment

34. The proposed system has been designed using Ductile Iron (DI), High Density Polythene (HDP)

and Galvanized Iron (GI) pipes. The details of project components are given in table 2.1

Table 2.1: Components of Projects

Infrastructure Function Description Location

Deep Well To extract ground water

Depth: 125m and Size: 300/200mm in diameter

Karahiya Ward-8

Generator/Guard House

For generator and guard

Kept as per design Karahiya Ward-8

Transmission

Pipe Line

Delivery of water from deep well to storage tank

DI Pipe 150mm dia- 480m and GI Pipe 100mmdia-96m

Makarahar W.No. 4 and Karahiya Wards-8

Distribution Pipe

Line (56861 m)

Delivery of water from OHT to HH connection point

HDPE Pipe 50mm dia to 160mm dia – 56090m, GI Pipe 40mm dia to 100mm dia – 260m and DI Pipe 150mm dia to 250mm dia – 535m

Makarahar Wards-

2,3,4,5,7 and Karahiya

Wards-6,7,8

Circular RCC

Ground water

storage tank

Storage of water Capacity 400m3, Size

11.85m dia and 4.0m height Karahiya Ward-8

RCC Overhead

water tank

Storage of water Capacity 250m3, Tank

height; 20m Karahiya Ward-8

Control valve

chamber


Makarahar Wards-2,3,4,5,7 and Karahiya Wards- 6, 7, 8

Pipe valve Control the flow in distribution pipeline

- Makarahar Wards-2,3,4,5,7 and Karahiya Wards- 6, 7, 8

HH connection Supply water to individual house for distribution

- Makarahar Wards-2,3,4,5,7 and Karahiya Wards- 6, 7, 8

35. The project is designed for design period of 15 years and 3 year have been set for preparation

and costruction period (1 year for preparation and 2 year for construction), therby setting the

accomplishment year as 2027.

36. Brick, Sand, gravel and river pebbles shall be used as raw materials. This required sand and

gravel will used from the Tinahu River. Other materials include cement, reinforcement bars, pipe

and fitting will be purchased from the market

2.1.5 Emission Resulting from the Implementation of the Project

Solid Waste

37. Excavation in earth in the pipe line trenches, foundation trenches of major structure are the major

sources of solid waste. The most of excavated soil will be used in backfilling work of pipe line



trenches. Remaining quantity of soil after backfilling will bw managed safely around the proposed

service with better landscape

Air Quality

38. The project area is connected by the access road and the construction materials and equipments

need to be transported to the construction site. The vehicle emission will cause air pollution. The

excavation and other construction activity will release dust and particulate matters and the vehicle

emission will increase in dust constructions that cause air pollution. However, all these effects will

be temporary and will last during construction period only, which will be mitigated by sprinkling

water on gravel road.

Noise and Vibration

39. Noise induced from vehicular movement for construction purposes and use of mechanical

equipment may have some impact to the workers but not significant affect to the local community.

Therefore, the noise and vibration levels generated during the construction period are negligible.

2.1.6 Energy to be Used

40. Distribution system of the proposed system is operated on gravity, whereas electrical power will

be used for the pumping of ground water to the service reservoir (ground and overhead)

41. The existing 11 KV transmission line through an 160 kVA, 11kV/415V, 3-phase, 50 Hz step down

transformer have been designed for the system and will supply electrical power to requisite

pumping stations. A 160 KVA generator has been proposed with generator house for the

emergency time period when there is no electricity supply from NEA. The control panel for

generator and pumps will be installed in generator house.

Table 2.2: Capacities of Pumps used

Systems Generator Pumps Electrical Panels

11 KV line and

transformer Remarks

Karahiya Makarahar

60 kVA,

400V – 1

nos

-25 HP 70m head:submersible pump – 3 nos -15 HP 35m head: Submersible pump – 4 nos

Pump Control Panel (MCP) – 2 set

160 kVA, 11kV/415V, 3-phase, 50 Hz – 1 nos HT - Line 700 m

1 of each spare Pump of 25 HP 70m head and 15 HP 35m head proposed

2.1.7 Manpower Requirement/Employment Generation

42. Numerious skilled, semi skilled and unskilled manpower are required for the construction work

which is expected to last for 2 years. These are the figures which areaccounted as directly

employed and indirect employment oppurtunuties for the collection and delivery of local materials

are also be generated in significant numbers.

43. Manpowe and annual expenditure required for smooth operation and maintenance for water

supply and sanitation system is shown in Table 2.3 and Table 2.4.



Table 2.3: Annual Personnel Expenditure for Operation

SN Description of Items Nos Rate/Month (Nrs.) Months Total (NRs)

1 Civil Overseer 1 15,200.00 13 197,600.00

2 Administrative Clerk 1 11,300.00 13 146,900.00

3 Accountant 1 10,000.00 13 130,000.00

4 Pump Operator/ system operator 2 8,500.00 13 221,000.00

5 Meter Reader 2 8,500.00 13 221,000.00

6 Maintenance Worker/ Plumber 2 8,500.00 13 221,000.00

7 Watchman 2 8,200.00 13 213,200.00

8 Peon 1 8,200.00 13 106,600.00

Total (Nrs.) 1,457,300.00

Table 2.4: Annual Cost for Operation and Maintenance

SN Unit Amount (NRs)

1 Chemical, Fuel and Electricity 2,022,997.67

2 System maintenance 693,249.42

Total (Nrs.) 2,716,247.09

44. The total annual (Base Year 2013) cost for operation and maintenance for the water supply

system is Rs. 4,173,547.00. It is assumed that the cost will be increased @ 3% per year.

2.1.8 Resources Required

Total capital of the project 131,867,172.35

Cost breakdown:

GoN (50%) 5,933,586.17

TDF loan (45%) 59,340,227.56

Community up front cash contribution (5%): 6,593,358.62

Per capita cost (Nrs.):

Base year: 11,960.74

Design year: 6,452.69 Land area for Storage tank, building etc.: 6 Kattha (1 Kattha = 338.755 sqm)

Building and there types: WUSC office/lab building, Guard house Machinery and tools: - RCC components will be constructed by using concrete

mixture machine, concrete vibrator, - Deep boring will be constructed with the help of Deep boring

machine mounted on truck - Other hand tools like hammers, saw,speed cutter will be used

2.2 DETAILED PARTICULAR OF THE AREA

2.2.1 Location and Accessibility

45. The project area of Karahiya Makarahar town is situated between Karahiya VDC and Makarahar

VDC of Rupendehi district in Lumbini Zone which lies in Western Development Region. It is

surrounded by Devdaha VDC to the North, Madhabaliya, Gangoliya and Siktaban VDC in the

south, Kerabani to the east and Anandaban and Tikuligadha in the west. The project area is at a

distance of 20 km from the district headquarter Bhairahwa and 12km from Butwal.



46. The proposed service area is located in the southern part of the Terai along the foothill of the

Siwalik Range. Geographically, the project area lies at 27°- 35’36” to 27°- 40’0” N latitude and

83°- 29’23” to 83°- 33’5” E longitude and is locate d at an elevation of 133m to 119m above mean

2.2.2 Geology and Soils

47. The geology of the project area is such that it has boulders, hard formation, shallow water level

and alluvial/ loam, soft soil and calcareous beds together with colluvial deposit. The thin soil layer

mixed with gravel is predominant in the area. Acidic soil is usually found in the forest area. There

are four orders of soil available in this district mainly entisols, inceptisols, mollisols, and alfisols.

The area around the sources and the proposed reservoir site are stable without any apparent

landslides.

2.2.3 Climate and Air Quality

48. The climate of the project area is tropical. The average minimum and maximum temperatures

during summer fluctuates between 34° C & 41° C and in winter season it is in the range of 8° C to

22° C. The relative humidity is about 96- 58%. The average annual rainfall is estimated as 1269-

1822 mm, which is slightly higher than 1,400 mm an average precipitation of Nepal. The

maximum rain fall within 24 hours is 80- 96 mm as recorded in the nearest rain gauge station at

Bhairahawa Airport.

49. The air pollution sources in the project area includes vehicular emission, smoke emitted from

biomass burning/cooking, and agricultural farming practices. There are no significant industrial

activities in the area and the dust from agricultural activities is only seasonal and neutralizes

naturally after some time. Therefore fugitive dust pollution due to various man-made activities is

the major contributor in deteriorating air quality in the town.

2.2.4 Population and communities

50. The Karahiya Makarahar town water supply and sanitation project area comprises of eight wards

of two VDCs of Rupandehi district. The actual beneficiary households and population of the

delineated project service area is estimated to be 10,154 (permanent population) and or 681

temporary/floating population). The rental population is concentrated mainly in ward number 8 of

Karahiya VDC, which represents the 53.79 percent of the total population. The ward number 4 of

Makarahar VDC occupies 11.62 percent of the total population. Table 2.5 shows the

demographic information in the proposed service area.

Table 2.5: Total Population at delineated Project Area

VDC Ward no.

Total HH

Female Male Total

permanent Pop

n

Rental Average HH size

Empty Projected population for empty

Total permanent

& rental

Total population Inc. Rental

Makarahar 2 44 110 115 225 21 5.2 1 6 231 252

Makarahar 3 34 129 90 219 0 6.4 0 219 219

Makarahar 4 206 597 566 1163 37 5.7 3 17 1180 1217

Makarahar 5 5 23 23 46 0 9.2 0 46 46

Makarahar 7 112 327 337 664 82 6.4 8 46 710 792

Karahiya 6 172 471 479 950 84 5.6 2 11 961 1045

Karahiya 7 227 608 623 1231 46 5.6 9 52 1283 1329

Karahiya 8 968 2594 2643 5237 411 5.7 50 287 5524 5935

Total 1768 4859 4876 9735 681 5.7 73 419 10154 10835

Source: Households survey, 2010



51. The population of the service area is estimated to be increasing at the annual growth rate of 4.2

percent, which is significantly higher than the national average growth rate (2.6), average growth

rate of Terai (2.62%), average growth rate of Mid-western Terai (2.8%) and average growth rate

of Rupandehi district (3.06%). Out of the total population 49.9 percent are female. The average

family size in the project area is 5.74. The age-wise population is kept in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Age Group of the Population

VDC/ Wards

Less than 5 years 6- 15 years 16 - 60 years 61 Years and above Total

Makarahar

2 5 (2.2) 36 (16.0) 164 (72.9) 20 (8.9) 225 (100.0)

3 3 (1.4) 21 (9.6) 177 (80.8) 18 (8.2) 219 (100.0)

4 83 (7.1) 216 (18.6) 776 (66.7) 88 (7.6) 1163 (100.0)

5 2 (4.4) 42 (91.3) 2 (4.4) 46 (100.0)

7 36 (5.4) 140 (21.1) 449 (67.6) 39 (5.9) 664 (100.0)

Karahiya

6 61 (6.4) 180 (19.0) 625 (65.8) 84 (8.8) 950 (100.0)

7 93 (7.6) 230 (18.7) 800 (65.0) 108 (8.8) 1231 (100.0)

8 405 (7.7) 972 (18.6) 3420 (65.3) 440 (8.4) 5237 (100.0)

Total 686 (7.1) 1797 (18.5) 6453 (66.3) 799 (8.2) 9735 (100.0)

Source: Households survey 2010.

Figure 2.1: Age wise population

Less than 5 Y

ears

6- 15 Y

ears

16 - 60 Y

ears

61 Years

and Above

S1

7.10%

18.50%

66.20%

8.20%

0.00

0.100.20

0.300.40

0.50

0.600.70

Age wise population

2.2.5 Health Facilities

52. There is one Health Post, Sub-Health Post and an Ayurvedic Health Post within project area. For

medical counselling most of the population go to Butwal where Zonal Hospital as well as private

nursing homes/health care centres are available.

2.2.6 Educational Facilities

53. The literacy status of the project area is presented in the Table 2.7. The survey revealed that

maximum numbers of the population (i.e. 82 percent) are literate and 18 percent illiterate. The

level of education up to secondary level is higher (33.9 percent). The table shows that out of total

population 22.1 percent are just literate, 21.8 percent have primary level education, 7.7 percent

secondary level, 26.2 percent SLC pass followed by 13.4 percent IA or + 2 level, 6.6 percent

population holds bachelor degree and only 2 percent population holds masters degree.



Figure 2.2: Literacy status

Literacy Status

8 2 %

18 %Literate

Illiterate

Table 2.7: Distribution population by educational status by wards (6 years and above)

VDC/ Wards

Just Literate

Primary level Secondary

level SLC Passed IA/ + 2 Bachelors Masters Other Total Literate

No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %

Makarahar

2 60 33.7 30 16.9 25 14 11 6.18 40 22.5 7 3.93 3 1.69 2 1.12 178 100

3 82 46.9 20 11.4 13 7.43 25 14.3 25 14.3 7 4 3 1.71 0 0 175 100

4 293 32.7 175 19.5 44 4.91 187 20.9 112 12.5 67 7.47 18 2.01 1 0.11 897 100

5 5 13.5 0 0 0 0 16 43.2 12 32.4 2 5.41 2 5.41 0 0 37 100

7 120 22.3 117 21.8 17 3.16 193 35.9 79 14.7 7 1.3 3 0.56 2 0.37 538 100

Karahiya

6 222 32.9 144 21.4 83 12.3 122 18.1 65 9.64 31 4.6 7 1.04 0 0 674 100

7 222 26.8 212 25.5 28 3.37 258 31.1 68 8.19 35 4.22 7 0.84 0 0 830 100

8 637 15.6 918 22.4 364 8.89 1131 27.6 595 14.5 337 8.23 104 2.54 8 0.2 4094 100

Total 1641 22.1 1616 21.8 574 7.73 1943 26.2 996 13.4 493 6.64 147 1.98 13 0.18 7423 100


Table 2.8: Ward-wise distribution of Educational Institutions

Name VDC

Ward

Student Teacher Other Staff Total Population

Male Fem. Total Male Fem. Total Male Fem. Total Male Fem. Total

Jyoti Lowar secondary Karahiya 8 99 100 199 5 6 11 1 0 1 105 106 211

Nawa Jyoti E.B .S Karahiya 8 210 490 700 14 14 28 1 5 6 225 509 734

Shree Shivapur Higher S S

Makarar 4 476 400 876 6 16 22 0 3 3 482 419 901

Shree Semara Bazar MA.VI

Makarar 7 344 347 691 7 8 15 2 2 4 353 357 710

Shree Jana vawana MA.Vi

Karahiya 8 340 345 685 12 8 20 1 2 3 353 355 708

1469 1682 3151 44 52 96 5 12 17 1518 1746 3264 Source: Households survey 2010.

2.2.7 Socio-economic Conditions (community structure, family structure, social well-being)

54. The following Table 2.9 shows the community structure of the project area in terms of size of

individual household and its members.



Table 2.9: Distribution of Population by Sex and Family Size

VDC Wards Total HH Surveyed

HH Female Male

Total permanent popn

Average HH size

Makarahar 2 44 43 110 115 225 5.2

Makarahar 3 34 34 129 90 219 6.4

Makarahar 4 206 203 597 566 1163 5.7

Makarahar 5 5 5 23 23 46 9.2

Makarahar 7 112 104 327 337 664 6.4

Karahiya 6 172 170 471 479 950 5.6

Karahiya 7 227 218 608 623 1231 5.6

Karahiya 8 968 918 2594 2643 5237 5.7

Total 1768 1695 4859 4876 9735 5.74


55. A large number of households (66 percent) are living in project area since by birth and remaining

34 percent of total households has migrated from different districts with in last 1 to 20 year span

of time. The Table 2.10 shows migration status of the households.

Table 2.10: Distribution of households by migration

VDC/ Wards Local Resident Migrated Total

Makarahar

2 41 (95.4) 2 (4.7) 43 (100.0)

3 19 (55.9) 15 (44.1) 34 (100.0)

4 143 (70.4) 60 (29.6) 203 (100.0)

5 5 (100.0) 5 (100.0)

7 78 (75.0) 26 (25.0) 104 (100.0)

Karahiya

6 104 (61.2) 66 (38.8) 170 (100.0)

7 180 (82.6) 38 (17.4) 218 (100.0)

8 549 (59.8) 369 (40.2) 918 (100.0)

Total 1119 (66.0) 576 (34.0) 1695 (100.0)


2.2.8 Employment Status

56. According to the socio-economic study, about 63.4 percent population are employed and

remaining 36.6 percent are unemployed and have no income generating activities. Among the

employed population 27.7 percent are engaged in agriculture; 6.8 percent in business; 13 percent

are service holders; 13.9 percent depend on remittance; 3.7 percent are daily wage earners and

35 percent are engaged in more than one occupation.

• Income and Expenditure

57. Among the total household 54.41 percent have monthly income above Rs. 10.000; 17.19 percent

of household have monthly income below Rs. 3,000; 2.94 percent household have monthly

income between Rs. 3,001- 4,500; 2.55 percent HHs have income between Rs. 4,501- 7,500;

16.06 percent between Rs. 7,501- 10,000 and 6.84 percent households did not report income

range. The average income of households among the eight wards is above Rs 10,000 per

month. Ward-8 of Karahiya VDC is significantly higher income than other wards.



58. About 27.7 percent of households have monthly expenditure is less than Rs. 3,000; 25 percent

HHs between Rs. 7,501- 10,000; 9.5 percent between Rs. 3,001- 7,500 and 29.69 percent

households spend more than Rs. 10,000. Remaining 8.09 percent did not report their

expenditure. More than 45 percent of households have surplus.

2.2.9 Resettlement Issues

59. The team has critically studied/ addressed the possibility of resettlement issues if some people

are affected due to the project implementation. Most of the pipeline route passes through the

road and public land. All required structures such as washout, collection chamber, etc. are

located in public land. The proposed sites for deep tube well, reservoir, treatment plants, lab-

building etc. are located in public land/ community forest. The Karahiya VDC has given letter to

use the land for the development of water supply facilities. There are no houses to be displaced.

Thus land acquisition and resettlement problem will not be the issue for Karahiya Makarahar town

project.

60. The following Table 2.11 shows the details of properties, public or private, which are likely to be

intercepted during the construction of pipe lines and other components of the project.

Table 2.11: Resettlement Plan

SN VDC Ward Stretch/ Location Length (m) Property intercept

Likely nature of damage

Compensation

1 Karahiya 8 Borehole site -2 1 Kattha Public land beside road

Permanent WUSC has managed

2 Karahiya 8 Structures: i. Bore Hole ii. 650 cum ground

reservoir, 250 Cum OHT

iii. Treatment Plants ie aerator

iv. Other system components

All major structures are arranged In OHT Compound Required 5 Kattha land

Public land ,

Permanent

Not required, Karahiya VDC And political parties have been decided.

3 Karahiya & Makarahar

8 4

Transmission Main From deep tube well to reservoir. The pipe line from second tube well comes from public land.

DI Pipe 150mm dia- 480m and GI Pipe 100mmdia-96m Total length: 573.68m

Public land

Temporary

Not required


5, 7, 8 2,3,4,5,6

Distribution System i. From OHT to all distribution system

HDPE Pipe 50mm dia to 160mm dia – 56090m, GI Pipe 40mm dia to 100mm dia – 260m and DI Pipe 150mm dia to 250mm dia – 535m Total length: 56,860.66m

Public land and road

Temporary

Not required


5, 7, 8 2,3,4,5,6

Control valve chamber, Pipe valve chamber & Household Connection

Public land and road

Permanent

Not required



2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE

2.3.1 Water Supply

61. There is no improved drinking water supply system built within the project area. The only source

of water supply for the study area population is ground water. They fetch water through shallow

tube well of 18 to 26ft depth which is susceptible to pollution and contamination. Most of these

hand pumps are installed by villagers themselves and few by concerned VDC and no sanitary

protection has been provided in these hand pumps.

62. Most of the shallow tube wells in Karahiya, ward-8, are not functioning due to unexpected draw

down in ground water table. The tube wells remain functional not even for seven to eight months

in a year. People have been purchasing water at the cost of Nrs. 2,200 to Nrs. 2,500 per tanker

(around 8000 litres). In an average every household spends around Rs. 1200 to Rs. 2500 per

month just for purchasing water. Out of the total shallow tube-wells installed in the area, more

than 50% function partially.

63. The estimated consumption of water available in the project area is 12.22 lpcd in dry season and

13.02 lpcd in the wet season; which is lower than the basic service level standards of the GoN’s

Water Supply and Sanitation standards.

2.3.2 Sanitation

64. The sanitary situation of project area is found reasonably satisfactory. More than 90% of

households in this project area have their own private latrine facilities. Some of the latrines have

septic tanks and most of them are ventilated improved pit latrines. However, these latrines built

in the houses and in the schools are not properly maintained.

2.3.3 Drainage

65. There exists open surface drainage facility in the service area of Karahiya Makarahar. The project

area lies in flat terrain with mild slope towards the south. No water logging is apparent in rainy

season and there is ample space and sufficient outlet points to drain off the storm water naturally.

The core area of project lies in east west direction along the main feeder road which has storm

water drainage facility. This drain is working perfectly and does not need further surface drains

facility. The outlets of the septic tanks are not connected to drain.

66. There is no any system to manage solid waste generated in the service area. Since, quantity of

solid waste generated from the individual household is not so large, solid waste management is

done by the community themselves. The wastes are usually used as fertilizer in the kitchen

garden.

2.4 SERVICE AREA

67. The service area of the proposed is lies in Karahiya and Makarahar VDC, which are shown in the

drawing. Following table 2.12 describes the area coverage of the proposed system.



Table 2.12: Service area / population coverage

SN VDC Wards Village, Tole HHs, 2010

Population,

2010

Base Year 2013

Design Year 2027

1 Makarahar 2 North side of Behuri

44

231

261

465

2 Makarahar 3 South side of Behuri

34

219

248

441

3 Makarahar 4 Debdaha Marga- Bhawanipur, Mahubari Chowk, Jamuhani, Police Chauki

206

1,180

1,335

2,375

4 Makarahar 5 Budhabare Gaun

5

46

52

93

5 Makarahar 7 Chauki Danda, Kumari Gaun,

112

710

803

1,429

6 Karahiya 6 Haraiya Gaun, Bargduwa, Sakhuwai

172

961

1,087

1,934

7 Karahiya 7 Semara bazaar, Darshan Tole

227

1,283

1,452

2,582

8 Karahiya 8 Jagriti Nagar, Deep Nagar, Pradeep Nagar Danda, Shivapur Chowk, Suryapura-4, Jyoti Nagar

968

5,524

6,250

11,117

Total 1,768 10,154 11,488 20,436

2.5 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT

68. The Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply Project has been designed as a pumping system

which will supply water from groundwater source. The water shall be pumped from deep tube well

and goes to the ground storage reservoir after disinfection. The water shall be pumped again

from ground reservoir to overhead reservoir. The water goes into the distribution system from

overhead reservoir by gravity flow. One generator house, disinfection arrangement, ground water

reservoir, overhead reservoir and WUSC/ laboratory office have been proposed in the compound

WUSC premises ie boring site 1.

The major components of the town projects are:

• Deep tube well/ Intake

• Borehole plate form

• Transmission main

• Wash out

• Air valve

• Pipe Valve Box

• Ground water reservoir

• Overhead reservoir

• Distribution main

• Control valve chamber

• Generator house

• Electrical & electromechanical works

• Laboratory Building cum WUSC Building

• Tap Connection

• Boundary wall



2.6 SOURCE OF WATER

69. Groundwater is only one source for the Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation

Project. The ground water quality shows minimum treatment requirement as compare with

surface water source. It is anticipated that the discharge from the ground water source should be

enough to meet the design demand

2.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES

70. The water quality of the deep tube well has been recently tested after completion of test boring. It

is found that the values of test results are within the range as compared with NDWQS standard.

Hence, disinfection is proposed for water treatment facilities.

2.8 SERVICE RESERVOIRS

71. Proposed system consists of a 20m high 250 m3 overhead reservoir and 400 m3 capacity ground

reservoirs.

2.9 PIPE LINES

72. Alignments of the proposed pipe line have been fixed. The entire pipe line network follows the

tracks and roads.

2.10 OTHERS APPURTENANCE

2.10.1 Generator/Pump House

73. A Generator house/Pump house is designed at boring site 1, Juleni, Karahiya -8. A 160 KVA

generator has been proposed with generator house for the emergency time period when there is

no electricity supply from NEA. The control panel for generator and pumps will be installed in

generator house.

2.10.2 Operator/ Chaukidar Quarter

74. A Operator/ Chaukidar quarter is designed at reservoir site.

2.10.3 Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building

75. A three room laboratory building cum WUSC office building has been designed and proposed to

be built in Juleni site at Karahiya-8. The preliminary water quality test kits are arranged for regular

water quality monitoring. It is included in the project components of the system

2.10.4 Electrical Facilities

76. The 11 kV transmission line through an 11/0.4 kV - 160 KVA step down transformer to the

generator house to supply electrical power has been proposed. A three-phase power line will

connect the control panel to the pump.



2.10.5 Chambers

77. These will comprise of valve chamber and connection chamber to the house. The purpose of the

control valve is to regulate the required flow in each distribution main from the junction/ node. A

control valve is provided in the system where there are more than two branches from one junction

or where it is necessary. In total, there are 87nos. pipe valve box and 10 control valve chambers

are designed in the distribution system.

78. Similarly, the system is so designed that the total 3,548 connections can be made available from

the system during design year 2027. The individual house connections will be tapped from these

connection chambers provided at appropriate places, so that there is least number of road

cuttings. The location of these chambers will be determined during the construction in

consultation with WUSC.

2.10.6 House Connection and Community Tap

79. The system has been designed primarily for 1,678 private house connection with 81 community

connwction and 9 institutional connections.

2.11 TYPE, CATEGORY AND NEED OF THE SUBPROJECTS

80. The proposed project comprises of two major components. The first component is water supply

services which include development of new water supply project, construction of storage tanks/

service reservoir, construction of transmission and distribution systems in required extent. The

feasibility study looked upon two possible options for the project design which involve making a

choice between pumping and gravity systems of flow. Since the gravity system could not be

considered feasible in the flat terrain, the project has adopted pumping system.

81. The second component is sanitation services, which include construction of a public toilet and an

institutional toilet through an integrated approach. Similarly, wastewater management systems

need to be included in the agreed towns.. There is also provision of Output Based Aid (OBA) to

the service providers.

82. The project falls under category B of ADB’s Environmental Categorization as it has less

significant environmental impacts and therefore only an Initial Environmental Examination is

required.

2.12 SALIENT FEATURES THE PROJECT

83. The proposed project has been designed to serve a population of 20,436. Ground water will be

extracted from a depth of 125m through 300/ 250 mm size deep boring (tube wells). The pumped

water will be collected into a ground reservoir of size 400 cum. The disinfected water will then be

distributed to the population through 20mhigh OHT of 250 cum to a distribution network of 56.89

km by gravity.



84. The project details have been presented in Salient Features as below:

1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

2. Scheme Name: Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Rupandehi

3. Service Area: The service area lies in Karahiya and Makarahar VDC.

Makarahar VDC:

� Ward 2: North side of Behuri

� Ward 3: South side of Behuri

� Ward 4: Debdaha Marga – Bhawanipur, Mahubari Chowk, Jamuhani, Police Chauki

� Ward 5: Budhabare Gaun

� Ward 7: Chauki Danda, Kumari Gaun,

Karahiya VDC:

� Ward 6: Haraiya Gaun, Bargduwa, Sakhuwai

� Ward 7: Semara bazaar, Darshan Tole

� Ward 8: Jagriti Nagar, Deep Nagar, Pradeep Nagar Danda, Shivapur Chowk, Suryapura-4,

Jyoti Nagar

4. Scheme Type: Pumping system

5. Designed Flow (lps): (22 hour pumping per day) 31.00

Designed flow for distribution system (lps) 28.38

Supplied from test tube well (lps): 15.50

Required from new groundwater pumping System (lps): 15.50

6. Source Discharge Measurement

Proposed Sources Measured Discharge Safe Yield Tapped Flow

lps. lps. lps.

From test tube well - - 15.50

From new tube well - - 15.50

7. Design Period: 15 Years (1 year preparation, 2 year construction and 15 years design period).

8. Household No. - Survey Year: 1,768

9. Growth Rate: 4.2% per annum.

10. Population: Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027

10,154 11,488 20,436

11. Water Demand at design year (lpd) Domestic: 2,043,565

Non-domestic demand (adopt 8 % of domestic demand, which includes

the demand for rental population, Institutional, Industrial/

Commercial, fire demand etc.) 163,485 Leakage and wastage (10% of total demand): 245,228 Total: 2,452,278



12. Structures required

Intake Type

Deep Tube Well (1 test tube well, 1 newly proposed) 2

Borehole plate form 2

Generator house 1

Pipe length (m)

Transmission main 576.00m

Distribution main 56,885.00 m

Pipe Size

Transmission Main

DI (M) (mm) 100-150

Distribution main:

HDPE (mm) 50 – 160

GI(M) (mm) 40 -100

DI (M) (mm) 150 - 250

Ground storage (No/ cum cap. cum) 1no of 400 cum

OH Reservoir (No/ cum capacity cum) 1no of 250cum

Control Valve Chamber (No.) 10

Pipe valve box (No.) 87

HH fully plumb and yard connection 1,678

Community connection (No.) 81

(1 community connection for each 4HH)

Institutional connection 9

WUSC / Lab building (No.) 1

13. Sanitation Component:

Institutional/ School toilet (No.) 1

Public toilet (No.) 1

14. Estimated project cost for water supply component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068: Total (including 10% physical contingencies, 5% price contingencies and 13% VAT):

131,867,172.35

Cost breakdown

GoN (50%) 65,933,586.17

TDF loan (45%) 59,340,227.56

Community up front cash contribution (5%): 6,593,358.62

Per capita cost (Nrs.)

Base year: 11,960.74

Design year: 6,452.69

15. Estimated project cost for sanitation component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068:

Total (including 10% physical contingencies, 5% price contingencies and 13% VAT):

1,870,914.36

Cost breakdown

GoN (85%) 1,590,277.21

Contribution from Local bodies/ users (15%) 280,637.15

16. Overall Sanitation Component Cost after Conceptual Design

(Both Sewer and Surface Drainage, but not in present scope) 692,977,693.16



2.13 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION

The scheduled of the project is shown in the following Fig. 2.3.

Fig. 2.3: Work Schedule

S.N. Description

RemI D etailed Engineering D esign R eview

and Update P hase 5/11

1 M obilisation

2 Collection and review of reports, documents

etc.

3 Site visit, meeting with WUSC and community,

service area confirmation, source

confirmation etc. 6/10

4 Prepare and submit field study inception

report

5Provide input to PM C to prepare various

documents

6 Water quality test, field verification/ carryout

engineering survey and investigation,

resettlement plan preparation

7 Review and update design works including

population forecast, water demand

determination, reservo ir sizing, peak factor

determination, intake design, pipeline design,

treatment plant design, HH connection and

auxillary works.

8 Cost estimate, economical and financial

analysis, carryout Initial Environmental

Examination and review and update social

pro file. 9/30

9 Prepare and submit updated detailed design

draft report

10 Conduct workshop on draft report findings at

PM O and community level

11 Receive comments from clients/ community

in updated draft design report

12 Prepare and submit updated detailed design

final report by incorporating all comments

I I C o nstruct io n Supervis io n P hase

I I I Operat io n and M aintenance P hase

Contract M

anagem

ent and C

ontract A

dm

inis

tration d

uring C

onstruction

Superv

isio

n P

hase T

wenty

Four M

onth

s

Opera

tion a

nd M

ain

tenance d

uring D

efe

ct Lia

bility P

hase tw

elv

e M

onth

s

Contractu

ral P

rocedure

and C

ontract Aw

ard

Four M

onth

s

Contra

ct

proces

Aug-11

4/15

Dec-10 Jan-11 Feb-11 M ar-11 Apr-11

Work Schedule for Detailed Engineering Design Review/ Update, Construction Supervision and Operation and Detailed Engg. Design Review/ Update Const ruction Supervision and

Operat ion and M aintenance

M ay-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10

2.14 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

85. The major project activities are as below:

• Land acquisition

• Construction of deep tubewell and its components

• Installation of pumps and electrical facilities

• Construction of service reservoir

• Laying and jointing of pipes

• Excavation along the municipal road, along foot paths etc for laying of pipe.

• Construction of WUSC office/Lab building, Pump house/chaukidar house, Guard house etc.

• Construction of Valve chambers, Pipe valve box and house connection

2.15 PATH FOR MOVEMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA WHERE PROJECT IS TO BE

IMPLEMENTED

86. There is black top and gravel road available for the movement in the project area. At present,

there is 7 km of black-topped road along the project area constructed on 50% cost sharing basis

by the community. Apart from this there is approx. 22 km of gravel road and 5 km of earthen

road.



2.16 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

87. The project will be constructed using cement, brick, sand, reinforcement steels, DI Pipe, GI

Pipes, HDPE Pipes etc.

2.16.1 Land Acquisition

88. Acquisition of land for the construction of borehole, service reservoir, ancillary building has been

completed.

2.16.2 Construction of Deep Tubewell

89. The design of deep well is based upon the geo-hydrological study of the project area. Karahiya

Makarahar is not a virgin area as information about shallow as well as deep aquifer to design the

deep tube well is available. It is known that shallow to deep aquifers up to 130 m have been

utilized by constructing Shallow Tube Well (STW) and Deep Tube Well (DTWs) by the private

HHs in the service are communities and some of the institutions.

90. Based on the geophysical data/information so far obtained deep well can be feasible. Hence, the

SSTWSSP has conducted test tube well. The depth of test tube well is 100m including 50m

housing, 24m screen and 26m casing. Based upon the performance of test tube well, the water

quality, screen position and treatment facilities have been ascertained.

91. The well size should be of 12’’ inch (300 mm) housing of 50 m depth and reducing it to 8" (200

mm) casing and screen. The total depth of the well should be about 125 m with maximum

screened area and allowing maximum drawdown, the yield of the tube well can be increased to

great extent. Johnson stainless steel of 30m has been kept in screen and minimum 15% opening

is to be kept. The estimated location of screen has been kept. But, exact position of screen

should be confirmed during drilling.

92. Recommended Drilling Machine: Percussion or percussion cum rotary method of drilling rig is

recommended for drilling which will perform effectively and efficiently.

2.16.3 Installation of Pumps and Electrical Facilities

93. Two new boring pumps of each 25HP capacity and another three pumps of each 15HP are

provided for lifting water from deep well to grond reservoir and from ground storage to overhead

reservoir.

94. A stand by diesel generator for back up is provided to operate all pumps, assuming all pumps will

be operated at a time during the failure of NEA supply. A transformer is proposed at this site,

whose capacity is designed to provide adequate power required for all pump operation at a time,

chlorination plant, external electrification of the site and other loads at DG room.

2.16.4 Construction of Service Reservoir

95. Service reservoir is designed for intermittent inflow and continuous supply from the tank for 12-22

hrs pumping depending on increasing water demand from each borehole at base year to design

year respectively. A 20m high 250 m3 overhead reservoir has been proposed to meet the water

demand during peak period and for remaining 400 m3 capacity storage. The reservoir shall be

constructed in the premises first deep tube well site at Karahiya-8 Juleni



2.16.5 Pipe Laying and Jointing Including Earthwork

96. Distribution system comprises a pipe net work, which is designed in loop network system by

using SW-WSP software. SW-WSP software is used for the analysis of the water supply network.

The base demand, elevation of each node, reservoir head and distance from node to node are

the basic input data for the software. Socio economic survey data is used to determine the nodal/

base demand considering the demand for rapid settlement growth. The engineering survey data

is used for the length of the pipe and elevation of the nodes.

97. The roughness coefficient used in Hazen-Williams formula for the use of GI, DI and HDPE pipes

is 110, 120 and 130 respectively. The entire new distribution system has been designed by using

GI, DI and HDPE pipe. The HDPE pipes of outer dia 50mm to 160mm, GI pipe 40mm to 100mm

and DI pipe 150 to 250mm inner dia have been used in the design. The minimum pipe size used

in the design is HDPE 50mm.

98. The pipeline is designed by adding 10% extra length of actual one. However, the estimated

distribution pipeline length is 56,885.00m including about 7% extra length in actual one. Pipe

laying work is to be carried out with the coordination with local people.

2.16.6 Construction of House Connections

99. The household shall connect the tap to their household by making a Tee in distribution main to

avoid frequent hole in distribution main.

100. The average 18m length of 15mm dia. Medium class GI pipe has been estimated up to meter for

each HH connection. The meter shall be kept near and adjoining the compound of the houses.

After meter, each HH should extend the pipe them selves as they desire. The necessary fittings

have been designed.

2.16.7 Raw Materials to be Used

101. Sand, Gravel, river pebbles and bricks will be used as raw materials. There is no quarry site for

raw materials within the project area. Therefore, the required sand, gravel and river pebbles will

be used from the quarry site located at Tinau River which is approximately 10 km west fromt the

project area. Other materials include cement, reinforcement steel, GI Pipes, HDPE Pipes will be

procured from Butwal and Bhairahawa market. DI Pipes will be procured in Kathmandu. All the

raw materials and other material for construction are available in required quanitiy in above

mentioned places. All the construction materials will be stored in the proposed reservoir and

treatment plant site.

2.17 DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY

102. The following design parameters have been considered for the design of the water supply

system.

System:

• 24 hours operational

• Pumping system (pump will be used to lift water from deepwell to ground resrvoir and from ground servoir to overhead tanak)

• Distribution system will be operated by gravity flow



Water quality: The water quality of the deep tube well has been recently tested after completion

of test boring. It is found that the values of test results are within the range as compared with

NDWQS standard (Annex- VII). It is envisaged that the water quality of proposed new tube well

will be similar with the quality of test tube well.

Consumption Pattern:

Hours Percentage of daily demand

05:00 – 07:00 07:00 – 12:00 12:00 – 17:00 17:00 – 19:00 19:00 – 05:00

20 35 15 20 10

Peak factor: 2.4 Design Period: 15 years Water Demand:

SN Type of Demand Recommended Demand

1. Fully plumbed connections 100 lpcd

2. Yard connections 65 lpcd

3. Community taps 45 lpcd

4. Non domestic demand consists of rental/ floating population, institutional demand, commercial demand, fire fighting

8% of domestic demand

For the design purpose, 10% of total water demand has been considered for wastage, leakage or uncounted water use as specified in SSTWSSSP guidelines

Pressure and Velocity

Minimum residual head of 8-10: at all service nodes Velocity: least 0.2 m/sec Pipe materials: DI, GI & HDPE



Chapter III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 WATER RESOURCES

3.1.1 Surface Water and Quality

103. There are no any potential surface water sources and any river within the project area. The main

river near by the project area is Tinau, which is far from the service area and will not be feasible

for the project. Hence, groundwater has been proposed for the proposed project.

3.1.2 Groundwater and Quality

104. The water quality of the deep tube well has been recently tested after completion of test boring. It

is found that the values of test results are within the range as compared with NDWQS standard. It

is envisaged that the water quality of proposed new tube well will be similar with the quality of test

tube well and the water is potable. The water quality test of test boring water is kept in Annex-V.

3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES

3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas

105. There are no any national parks and protected area nearby the project area

3.2.2 Flora

106. The trees found in the Rupandehi District consist of Sal (Shorea robusta), Karma (Adina

cordifolia), Sisau (Dalbergia sissoo), Khayer (Acacia catechu), Asna (Terminalia alata), Simal

(Bombax ceiba), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kusum (Schleichera oleosa), Satisal (Dalbergia

latifolia), Bijaya Sal (Pterocarpus marsupium), Teak (Butea monosperma), Aap (Mangifera

indica), Badahar (Artocarpus lakoocha), Katahar (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Tooni (Toona

ciliate), Jalebi (Pithecellobium dulce), Gular (Ficus glomerta), Sisris (Albizzia mollis), Raj Briksha

(Cassia fistula), Rohini (Mallotus phillippinensis) etc.

107. The commom trees found in the project area is Sal (Shorea robusta), Sisau (Dalbergia sissoo),

Karma (Adina cordifolia), Aap (Mangifera indica) and Jhamun (Syzygium cumini).

3.2.3 Fauna

108. The district has 44 types of fishes, 21 mammals, 21 reptiles and 210 birds.

3.2.4 Physical or Cultural Heritage

109. The present project area features no physical or cultural heritage and archaeologically important

monuments and object of art. However, some temples are situated in the project area and during

important religious occasions, people visit these temples. The popular festivals of the service

area are Dashain, Tihar and Chatth.



3.2.5 Slums and Squatter Settlements

110. No slums and squatter settlements exist within project area.

3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH

3.3.1 Land Use

111. The project area consists of core and densely populated Bazaar area and the rural and scattered

settlement area. The core area is densely populated where 55% of total population lives. Trade

and economic activities are carried out in the core area and the land is mostly utilized for

residential purposes. The Bazaar is surrounded by the rural settlements pre-dominant with

agricultural fields and the settlement is scattered and situated at distant from each other. These

settlements could turn into dense settlement after the project completion as the migration rate in

this area is high and agricultural land is gradually converting into residential areas.

3.3.2 Infrastructure 3.3.2.1 Transportation

112. At present, there is 7 km of black-topped road along the project area constructed on 50% cost

sharing basis by the community. Apart from this there is approx. 22 km of gravel road and 5 km of

earthen road.

3.3.2.2 Drinking Water Supply

113. There is no piped water supply system in service area. All households have to depend on hand

pump (tube-well). There were not much difference regarding the use of drinking water source

during dry and monsoon season. Some households purchase water from tanker for their

households use.

3.3.2.3 Surface Drainage, Sanitation and Sewerage

114. Majority of the households (i.e. 87.2%) have latrine facilities in their households. Remaining 12.8

percent households have no latrine. Among the latrine facilitated households, 2.5 percent HHs

have pit latrine, 6.1 percent HHs have ventilated pit latrine and 91.4 percent households have

water seal latrine in their houses.

115. There is 6 km long storm water drain mainly in main market area. Though located in flat terrain,

there is no water logging due to sufficient cross section area of drain and out lets available. The

project area lies in flat terrain with mild slope towards the south. No water logging is apparent in

rainy season. There is ample space and are sufficient outlet points to drain off the storm water

naturally. The core area of project lies in east west direction along the main feeder road which

has storm drains facility. This drain is working perfectly and does not need further surface drains

facility. The outlets of the septic tanks have not been connected to drain.

116. There is no separate sewerage system in the proposed service area. But almost all households in

the urban areas as well as in rural area have their own latrine connected to the septic tanks and

the outlets of these toilets are not connected to the drain. Such toilet with septic tank has been

constructed in more than 90% HHs of this project area. People of the service area are much



more aware in sanitation. There is no public toilet in the community. Hence, their desire is to

construct one public toilet, at Simara bazaar. Similarly, one institutional latrine is designed for a

school at Deepnagar

117. There is no any system to manage solid waste generated in the service area. Since quantity of

solid waste from the individual household is not large and is managed by community themselves

and the wastes are used as fertilizer in kitchen garden.

3.3.2.4 Electricity

118. Electrical facility is available in the project area and is connected with national grid system of

Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).

3.3.2.5 Communications

119. All kind of communication facilities such as telephone, internet services are available in the

project area .

3.3.3 Economic Characteristics

3.3.3.1 Industries

120. There are no any major industries in the project area except two milk chilling centres and one

small grill industry.

3.3.3.2 Agricultural development

121. The major occupation of the people of project area is agriculture. Ground water irrigation system

is popular in this area since there is no any perennial river in the project area.

3.3.3.3 Mineral development

122. There is no mineral development activity prevalent in the project area.

3.3.3.4 Tourism development

123. There is no possibility of tourism development in the area.

3.3.3.4 Development Organisations

124. There are no development organizations currently working in the project area.

3.3.3.5 Major Environmental Problems

125. There is no enough drainage system to drain out the storm water from the service area. During

rain the water spread over the area for a short period and change the existing environmental

situation. The dust flow during wind and noise pollution occur during the procession and festival.

The earthen road becomes muddy during rain and dusty during dry period.



3.3.3.6 Health and Sanitation

126. As the local people are dependent on water supplied through shallow hand pumps which could

be easily contaminated; water borne diseases are most common in the area. Although, majority

of the households have private toilets in the project area, open defecation practice is still common

along the roadside thereby increasing the chances of diseases.



Chapter IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND

MITIGATION MEASURES

127. Environmental impacts on physical, biological and socio–economic and cultural aspect are

identified and predicted based on the existing environment condition with respect to the proposed

project interventions in terms of their magnitude, duration and their extent during pre-

construction, costruction and operation & maintenance phase.

128. The impacts are not necessarily always negative; some impacts could be positive and beneficial

as well. The implementation of the project will have several beneficial impacts to the people of

Karahiya and Makarahar VDC in Rupandehi district. The attempt is to augment the positive

impact and remove or minimize the negative impacts by applying suitable mitigation measures.

129. The local people will benefit from safe and sufficient supply of drinking water and have improved

sanitary situation. All this will significantly raise the living standard of the people in the Karahiya

and Makarahar VDC.

130. The proposed Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project will have only

minor negative impacts on the physical, biological and socio-cultural aspects of the area. The

impacts are mostly local in nature and can be easily and cheaply mitigated with suitable

mitigation measures and regular monitoring schedules. Some of these impacts are described

below.

4.1 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

4.1.1 Environmental Impacts Due to Project Design

131. As the project has been designed as ground water system, the potential adverse impacts due to

the project design have been found to be non-significant. Since ground water is being abstracted

in the system, possibility of pollution of raw water supply is not possible and possibilities of water

source conflict do not exist. Hence, environmental impacts due to project design are almost non-

existent.

132. To avoid the risk of pollution of raw water supply and water distributed to the users; the system

has to be designed in such a way that there is adequate protection of the deep tube well and

storage tanks and the distribution pipe has to be located away from the drains to avoid the

contamination of water being supplied.

133. There could be risk associated with excessive abstraction of ground water which could eventually

cause land subsidence. The design will ensure that the abstraction rate doesn’t exceed the safe

yield and only required amount of water is extracted from the existing and proposed deep tube

well.

4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE



4.2.1 Environmental Impacts Due to Project Construction

4.2.1.1 Physical Environment

134. The project may have impacts on physical environment of the project site at all three stages. As

the size of structures proposed for water supply system the impacts do not seem to be significant.

135. The major physical environmental issues identified are briefly presented below in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Physical Environmental issues and Impacts

Issues Impacts Type Extent Duration Magnitude Phase

Land use • Change in land use (water supply structures)

• Change in land use (pipelines)

D

D

Site

Site

Long

Short

L

L

C & O

C

Erosion and Soil Stability

• Erosion

• Water pollution

D D

Site Site

Short Short

L L

C C

Ground Water • Depletion in water table D Local Long L & M O

Water Quality • Leakage of pipes

• Disposal of wastewater

D & I D & I

Local Local

Long Long

M & H M & H

O C & O

Air Quality • Air pollution due to movement of project vehicles

• Air pollution due to dust particles

• Air pollution due to operation of Pumps & Diesel Generator

D

D

D

Local

Site

Local

Short

Short

Medium

L

L

L

C & O

C & O

C & O

Noise and Vibration

• Noise & vibration due to project vehicular movement

• Noise pollution due to operation of Pumps & Diesel Generator

D

D

Local

Site

Short

Medium

L

L

C

C & O

Note:

D Direct Impacts L Low Impacts C Construction Phase I Indirect Impacts M Moderate Impacts O Operation Phase H High Impacts

i) Change in Land use pattern

136. Land proposed for the construction of Borehole, OHT and Ancillary buildings are public land.

Similarly, pipe lines are aligned along the public property like roads, footpath and will reinstated

after the laying the same. Thus during the construction and operation phase no remarkable

impact on land is expected. The change in land use pattern is temporary and expected

insignificant.

ii) Erosion, Soil Stability and Geology

137. Since the project has been designed as ground water system and the project activities will be

carried out in plain area, erosion and landslides are not expected to occur. Thus, there is no

remarkable and inverse impact on geology is expected during the construction and operation

phase of proposed project. But the possibility of falling of children and cattle into trench during

laying of pipelines has to be avoided.

138. Mitigation measures: Excavated soil placed safely against erosion and reuse of excavated soil. iii) Ground water and Hydrology:



139. The design of deep well is based upon the geo-hydrological study of the project area. The service

area is located in the middle part of the terai about 8 Km south to the foothill of the Siwalik

Range. It has boulder, hard formation consisting of shallow to deep water level. Drilling and

installation of tube wells will not be very difficult.

140. As compared to other Districts, Rupandehi district is rich in ground water. Many DTWs have been

constructed for water production point of view in Rupandehi district under Bhairhawa Lumbini

Ground Water Project through Department of Irrigation.

141. There is clear distinction in ground strata between western and eastern part of the Terai region of

Rupandehi district. The western part has higher transmissivity than the eastern part i.e the

eastern part of the area is hydro-geologically less water retaining than the western. The areas

closer to the Tinau River, the grain size of aquifer becomes larger and consequently have the

higher transmissivity. The hydraulic conductivity ranges from 42-140 m2/day in the western part

and in eastern part it is in the order of 28-45 m2/day.

142. Properly constructed tube well can produce sufficient yield, without disturbing groundwater in the

proposed project area. From the above facts it is clear that there exist potential aquifer zones and

for the effective exploitation of groundwater. Thus, there is no remarkable and inverse impact on

hydrology is expected during the construction and operation phase of proposed project

iv) Water Quality

143. Leakage of pipes, intrusion of the waste water, leachate of the foreign materials into the pipes are

the major sources of water pollution which make water unfit for the drinking purposes. Most of the

impacts are expected to be emerged during the operation of the system.

144. Mitigation measures: Regular visual inspection and maintenance work will be carried out.

v) Air Quality

145. The project area is connected by the access road and the construction materials and equipments

need to be transported to the construction site. The vehicle emission will cause air pollution.

Similarly, the excavation and other construction activity will release dust and particulate matters

and the crushers and other mechanical equipment will emit negligible quantity of dust and

smokes. Increased concentration of suspended particulate matters, increase in fugitive dust

particles during construction period and increase in vehicular movement for construction

purposes may have negative impacts on air quality of the project area. However, all these effects

will be temporary and will last during construction period only. Some gaseous pollutants will also

be emitted in very limited quantity, which will not have any adverse impact in the project area.

146. Mitigation measures: Provisions of emission testing equipment, restriction on waste littering, use

of masks, spraying of water to control dust, air quality monitoring etc.

vi) Noise and Vibration

147. Noise induced from vehicular movement for construction purposes and use of mechanical

equipment may have some impact to the workers but not much to the local community. The

proposed project does not involve blasting; 24-hours of works on shift and use of excessive



heavy machineries and equipments are not involved. Therefore, the noise and vibration levels

generated during the construction period are negligible.

148. Mitigation measures: Provisions of restriction on horns, maintenance of equipment, fitting of

mufflers to noisy equipment, speed restriction etc.

vii) Waste Water Disposal and Management

149. During the project operation period waste water will be generated, this water can be utilized in

water consumers farms and vegetable gardens themselves as the project area is located in

agricultural built up area. Since there is not any sewerage system, each household have septic

tanks for the management of human excreta. Therefore generation of waste water from the

household will be insignificant and can be managed with using existing drain.

viii) Spoil Disposal and Quarry Site

150. Since the source is under ground and drilling will be carried out during construction of wells, no

major excavation is required. The major excavation is required only during the construction of

foundation for reservoir tanks, which is of low magnitude thus avoiding the problem of disposal.

The excavation and transportation of soil has both physical and economical consequences. Since

the location of well site is in well accessible site, there is no need of construction of access road

and other structures for the transportation of excavated materials, thus giving lesser impacts to

the economical consequences.

151. Mitigation measures: Excavated soil will be reused properly during backfilling with well

compacted and surplus excavated soil will be safely disposed in designated place (Tinau River).

4.2.1.2 Biological Environment

152. The potential environmental impact of the project on local flora and fauna during construction and

post construction phases will be low as the activities do not involve clearing of trees and

vegetation, grazing land and fertile agricultural lands. Site clearance is required during laying of

pipeline and construction of service reservoir sites and deep tube well site. However, those

impacts are for short period only during the construction period.

153. Since this project has been designed as ground water system, the proposed project will have less

and non-significants impacts on biodiversity and biological environmental issues. But some of

issues in relevance with the baseline environment conditions are briefly dealt in the following Table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Biological Environmental issues and Impacts


Vegetation • Loss of vegetation for clearance of sites for structures

• Loss of vegetation due to laying of pipelines

D

D

Site

Site

Short

Short

L

L

C

C & O

Flora & fauna • Loss of flora & fauna due to project sitting & related activities

D Site Short L C

Habitat • Loss of habitat due to project sitting & related activities

D Site Short L C

Aquatic life and ecosystem

• Effects to aquatic life due to wastewater discharge & project activities

D & I Site Short L C & O



Note:


i) Vegetation

154. The natural vegetation of project area will be disturbed due to construction of different project

components. The clearance of vegetation/ bushes for the construction of Borehole, OHT and

ground storage reservoir sites will be permanent whereas the damaged vegetation during pipe

laying works can be recovered after a short period of time. There is no forest area surrounding

the service area even in the areas of distribution system and transmission pipeline. So, the

chances of cutting of forest trees are almost non-existent.

155. Mitigation Measures: Restricting use of fuel wood in labour camp, provision of minimization of

vegetation clearance

ii) Flora, Fauna and Wildlife

156. The project area being located in sparse vegetated area features low level of bio-diversity. The

impacts on flora and fauna are insignificant as the construction activity involves mimimal

clearance of vegetation. The possible adverse impacts on local wildlife population will be minimal

as the construction activity involves minimal clearance of vegetation

157. Mitigation Measures: Provisions of minimization of vegetation clearance by pegging, restriction of

fuelwoods at the camps, etc.

iii) Habitat

158. Clearance of vegetation during construction may result loss of wildlife habitat but the chances are

minimal as the area is sparsely vegetated and clearing of vegetation is not involved as much as

possible.

159. Mitigation Measures: Provision of minimization of vegetation clearance, Environmental

awareness program iv) Aquatic life and ecosystem

160. Since the project has been designed as ground water system as there is no surface source of

water in the project area, therefore impact on aquatic life is not exist.

v) Obstruction of fish migration and fish entrainment due to the construction work:

161. Water source of the proposed project is under ground water; hence such problems will not exist.

4.2.1.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

162. The major environmental factors associated with the human life are socio-economic, cultural,

human health, land acquisition, compensation, resettlements, rehabilitation and occupational and

safety hazards. Assessment of the impacts on these factors is given in Table 4.3.



Table 4.3: Socio-economic and Cultural Environmental issues and Impacts


Acquisition of land and property

• Acquisition of agricultural land

• Acquisition of private properties

D D

Site Site

Long Long

H L

C & O C

Socio-economic & cultural practices

• Impact on social structure & cultural aspects

• Impact on employment

• Migration

• Local economy

D & I

D & I D & I D & I

Local

Local Local Local

Long

Short Long Long

H

M H M

C & O

C & O C &O C & O

Quality of life values

• Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

• Socio-economic values

• Public health

• Aesthetic values

• Cultural values

D I I I I

Local Local Local Local Local

Short Long Long Short Long

L M H L L

C C & O

O C & O

O

Traffic Management

Reinstatement of damaged community services an infrastructure such as irrigation canals, road, foot trails, water supply line etc.

• Difficulties in traffic and pedestrian movement

• Visual & aesthetic impacts

D I

Local

Local

Short

Short

M

L

C

C

Note:


163. The issues related to socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area are related to

land acquisition, compensation, resettlements, rehabilitation and occupational and safety

hazards.

i) Land Acquisition

164. The construction of permanent structures such as Boreholes, OHT and ground reservoir does not

require land acquisition and will be constructed in government land. The WUSC will ensure that

such lands will be appropriately arranged for the project. The Karahiya VDC office has given

written permission to use the land.

165. As compared to the size and nature of the project land acquisition will not require for the

execution of the project. The contractor will rent temporary land for his camp/ office through the

negotiation with the owner in the approval of DSC. Therefore land acquisition, compensation,

resettlements and rehabilitation will not be the issue in the proposed project.

ii) Impairment to Infrastructure

166. All the major structures of the proposed project like water storage and ancillary buildings will be

constructed on public land. Similarly, most of the pipe lines are aligned along the public property.

But some of the pipe line impairs the footpath and drain in bazzar area of Jagriti Nagar, Deep

Nagar, Shivapur Chowk, Jyoti Nagar, Karahiya W. No. – 8. Approx. 300m footpath and 275m

earthen drain will be impaired during ther laying of pipe line. There will be no need of relocation of

existing public and private facilities.

167. Mitigation Measures: All the damaged infrastructures have to be repaired. Pipe laying work is to

be carried out with the coordination of local people.



iii) Historical and Archaeological Treasures

168. There are no significant historical and archaeological treasures in the project area and such

impacts are none.

iv) Law and Order Issue due to the Influx of outside workforce, money and unwanted activities

169. Currently the project area is not habituated but during project implementation, the influx of large

number of seasonal workers can create some law and order issues. Involvement of outside

workforce may initiate conflict with the locals due to cultural and other differences. Similarly,

fights, disease transmission, pollution and competition for available resources with outsiders may

arise in due course.

170. Mitigation Measures: The project should take protective measures to minimise impact, cultural

awareness program will be conducted. Priority will be given to local people while employing

labourers for the project works. Child labour should be prohibited

v) Human Health

171. Spread of the water borne diseases and deterioration in sanitary conditions due to construction

activity (unsafe working condition, accidents, transmission of communicable diseases) is of major

concern in the project area, especially to the construction workers.

172. Mitigation Measures: Health and hygiene of the workforce is to be given top priority. Provide

proper sanitation and hygiene, health care and control of epidemic diseases to the workforce.

Sanitation awareness program will be conducted.

vi) Gender Issue

173. The project will create job oppurtunity to considerable number of skilled and unskilled people.

Large number local women will also have opportunity to get involve in the job. This will create a

positive impact on the socio-economic environment of community and play a vital role towards

gender empowerment.

vii) Occupational and Safety Hazards

174. Life, health and safety of workers particularly of those involved in concreting, trench cutting,

formwork and rebar fixing in overhead tank and heavy duty construction work is of prime concern.

175. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate or minimize the hazards adequate safety instructions will be

provided to the contactor and monitor from the project side.

viii) Health and safety

• Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

176. Problems related to workers health and safety can arise during construction work. The emission

of dust particles and noise vibration during construction can affect the health of workers.

Similarly, there could be incidence of accidents, spillage, fire that can have negative impact on

the health of the workers.



• Community Health and Safety

177. Spread of the water borne diseases and deterioration in sanitary conditions can affect the health

and safety of the entire population.

178. Mitigation Measures: Sanitation awareness program will be conducted, provision of first aid

medicine and safety equipments (hand gloves, hard cover helmets and boots etc). Health and

accident insurance will be provided by the contractor to all workers.

ix) Traffic Management

179. The project area does not experience heavy traffic movement; as a result traffic management will

not be a major problem during construction.

180. Mitigation Measures: Traffic management plan will be prepared and implement accordingly

without interrupting the work and movement of traffic at working place.

x) Livelihood and impact on local economy

181. Since the project will create job oppurtunity to considerable number of skilled and unskilled

people. Large number local women will also have opportunity to get involve in the job. This will

create a positive impact on livelihood and economy of the community.

xi) Migration Problem:

182. After completion of the project, there will be increase in the population of the project area. The

project is designed for 15 year with considering population growth rate. Hence problem of

migration will be insignificant.

xii) Impact on Education:

183. Increase in the population of the project area will create pressure on education, but impact on

education will be insignificant

4.3 OPERATIONAL AND MAINTENANCE PHASE IMPACTS

184. Inadequate Operation and Maintenance of the project will create hazard in terms of safety of the

personnel involved as well as in the overall output of the project. Timely monitoring and routine

maintenance of the subsystem will ensure smooth running of the project and avoid unnecessary

obstruction and delays.

• Under sub-optimal operational condition, there will be risk of contamination of water in the

distributed system which could lead to disease epidemics through out the community. Such

risk should be minimized by regular monitoring of water in the distribution to ensure that it

meets the minimum National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS)(Annex-VI).

Training should be provided to the staff on water quality assessment and operational

supervision should be ensured.

• There is risk of health hazard, especially to the operating staff, due to unmanaged and

improper use of chlorine. Guidelines for using chlorine should be developed and proper

handling and storage of chlorine to be set up.



• There is a risk of pollution of raw water supply (deep tube well) due to the improper sanitation

condition. It could be mitigated by locating the deep tube well site comparatively higher place,

sealing the casing, grouting the well casing, protecting the floor by concrete platform and

chlorination of well according to the standards to disinfect the pipe and screen of the well

4.4 MITIGATION MEASURES

185. The following Table 4.4 provides the summary of project activities, potential environmental

impacts and proposed mitigation measure.



Table 4.4: Types of impacts, monitoring parameters, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost

Project Stage

Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)

Pre

-P

roje

ct

A

ctivity

(Pro

ject

De

sig

n)

Review of design/Estimate

None None DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC/DSC

NA

Pre

pa

ra

tio

n

for

co

nstr

uction

Review of specification

of work

None None DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC/DSC

NA

Physical Environment

Co

nstr

uctio

n P

ha

se:

Earthwork in excavation for pipe laying and construction works

1. Soil erosion and soil stability • Excavated soil placed safely against erosion

• Reuse of excavated soil properly during backfilling the pipe line trench with proper compaction

Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC Included in contractors bidding documents


2. Air Quality (Dusty Environment)

• Air pollution due to movement of project vehicles

• Air pollution due to dust particles

• Air pollution due to operation of Pumps & Diesel Generator

• Frequent sprinkling of water

• Monitoring of air quantity

• Use of masks .

Contractor / DSC/ WSSDO Included in contractors bidding documents


3. Noise and Vibration due to:

• The project vehicular movement

• Noise pollution due to operation of Pumps & Diesel Generator

• Restriction on unnecessary honking of horn from the vehicles used for construction purpose

• Regularly maintenance of equipment

• Mufflers fittings to noisy equipment

• Speed restriction

Contractor/ DSC

NA ""

Biological Environment

Constr

uctio

n P

hase


4. Impact on natural vegetation and ecology d ue to -

• Construction of different component of system like pipe laying, water tank, building etc

• Restricting use of fuel wood in labour camp.

• Provision of minimization of vegetation clearance

Contractor/ DSC NA



Project Stage

Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs)

5. Loss of flora & fauna due to project sitting & related activities

• Construction of different component of system like pipe


• Environmental awareness program


Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC NA

Socio Economic Environment

Co

nstr

uctio

n P

ha

se


6. Impairment to infrastructure (Construction activities may impair some of the existing community infrastructure such as footpath, drain)

• Proper precaution to be taken at the time of construction

• Any damaged to the existing infrastructure to be repaired

Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC Included in contractors bidding documents

7. Law and Order issue and disturbance on social structure & culture due to –

• Influx of outside workforce

• Cultural difference

• Instruction to all workers to act in a responsible manner

• Prohibition of use of alcohol and gambling

• Cultural awareness of local communities to outside work force

• Orientation to outside work force

Contractor NA

8. Employment of local people (Economic condition of local people increases)

• Positive impact on the project and community

Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC

NA

9. Occupational Health and safety (impact on health of workers)

• Instruction to adopt safety measures

• First aid to be easily accessible


NA

10. Pollution from outside work force

• Proper sanitary condition to be maintained in the labour camp (Sanitation toilet & safe drinking water)

• Collection of solid waste in fixed place

• Periodic cleaning


NA

Op

era

tion

al P

ha

se

Operation of water supply system

11. Risk of contaminated water in the distribution system

• Regular visual observation & carryout maintenance work

• Regular water quality test at community tap and private connection

WUSC/ DWSS NA

12. Health hazard due to unmanaged use of chlorine

• Proper handling and storage of chlorine to be set up

• Guidelines for using chlorine to be provided

WUSC/ DWSS These costs are mentioned in the contractor documents bidding documents for DLP period

��


4.5 MITIGATION COST

186. In order to address the issues and mitigate the impacts on environment during implementation

and post implementation and maintenance phase, the following cost is estimated. The mitigation

cost for construction phase has been included in the cost estimation of the project.

Table 4.5: Mitigation Cost

SN Activities Estimated Cost (NRs)

1 Spoil management along and across the road for frequent traffic and pedestrian movement

150,000.00

2 Provision of first aid medicine and safety equipments (hand gloves, hard cover helmets and boots etc)

125,000.00

3 Provision of cost for reconstruction of community infrastructure

225,000.00

Total (NRs) 500,000.00



Chapter V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

187. The alternative analysis of the project has been done to minimize the possible negative

environmental impacts. Alternative measures to the proposed project in terms of other

alternatives such as project location, technology; technique and O&M are described below.

5.1 PROJECT LOCATION ALTERNATIVE

188. No significant environmental impact has been found with the present location of the project. The

location of project components such boreholes, reservoir and treatment plants, etc. has been

decided in consultation with local people and WUSC and the area is public land. Similarly the

alignment of transmission line and distribution pipe has been fixed with minimum environmental

impacts. The impacts associated with the location of project components are therefore minimal

and insignificant.

5.2 PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVE

189. The project has been designed to abstract ground water from deep aquifer. Since the area

doesn’t have any source of surface water that could be utilized for drinking purposes, there is no

option other than using ground water for supply drinking water to the population. The ground

water will be extracted by digging deep borehole which will be collected in groundwater reservoir

then goes to overhead tanks and subsequently distributed after basic treatment. Two options for

distribution involved either pumping or gravity system of flow. Since the area is a flat terrain,

gravity system could not be considered feasible and hence pumping system has been adopted.

Therefore, the proposed design of the project has no other alternatives. The pumping is done to

draw water from tubewell to OHT and gravity from OHT to distribution system.

5.3 TECHNOLOGY CHOICE & CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES ALTERNATIVE

190. Most of the technology proposed for the project are simple and labour intensive with minimal use

of heavy machinery. There is no use of explosives and other danger chemicals. Appropriate

technology and equipment to suit the local condition will be used. There could be some noise

and disturbance in the land system during drilling of the boreholes, but those are temporary and

can be minimized with careful handling and protective measures. The construction materials to

be used are local as far as possible, so that there is minimal impact associated with transport and

storage of the raw materials. The project structures will be made inaccessible by building

compound wall. Local man power will be used as far as possible so that the local knowledge of

the area is utilized and chances of conflicts are minimized. Hence, the proposed project has

minimal impact against alternative technology and construction choice.

5.4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

191. The cost requires for operation and maintenance has been kept in contract for the first year after

completion of the project. Similarly, the cost required after completion of post construction of the

project has been estimated and accordingly, the water tariff has been determined.



5.5 NO ACTION OPTION

192. At present, the availability and accessibility of potable drinking water is very low in the project

area. The demand of safe drinking water is growing where as the supply is limited.

Implementation of the project will benefit the local people with clean drinking water and improved

sanitary conditions thereby raising their overall prosperity. Since the project is a participatory one

involving the beneficiaries right from project planning to the implementation level, the local people

in the project are quite receptive and enthusiastic for successful implementation of the project.

193. The only advantage of "No Action" alternative is that the few adverse impacts as outlined be

avoided and the entire project cost will be saved. However, because most of those impacts are

not significantly harmful and are site specific or local, the advantage far outweigh the

disadvantages.



Chapter VI: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND

PARTICIPATION

194. The proposed project has been designed in a participatory approach. The local people and

concerned stakeholders have been and will be involved in every phases of the project including

project design, construction and operation and maintenance. Public participation provided an

opportunity to interact with the beneficiaries and understand their opinion regarding the project.

6.1 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION

195. A public notice was published in the Samachar Patra, a National Daily newspaper on 2067-11-19

B.S. (3rd March 2011) informing the general public about the inception of the project and

requesting their comments and suggestions. A copy of this public notice is included in Annex-III.

The notice was also posted in the school, health post, V.D.C. and other local areas of the project

area and the deed of public inquiry (Muchulka) was collected.

6.2 INDIVIDUAL/ INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED

196. All the concerned authorities such as VDCs were contacted and their consensus regarding

project implementation was obtained. Apart from the concerned authorities, water users and

sanitation committee (WUSC) and water usere were approached to and their suggestions and

opinions were collected. Though the several meetings have been held at the site regarding

project activities, a focus group discussion (FGD) was held at project area (Annex IV) with key

stakeholders and their concern regarding the project construction and implementation were

listened and clarified. Also there view regarding environmental effects and remedial measures

were discussed. The list of key people/ stakeholders contacted during public consultation held at

WUSC's office are presented in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1: Stakeholders contacted during public consultation/FGD

SN Name of Participants Designation Address

1. Satrughan Poudel WUSC Chairman Karahiya -8

2. Gopal Bhandary WUSC Vice-Chairman Karahiya -8

3. Rishiram Bhattarai WUSC Secretary Karahiya – 8

4. Ms. Sita Devi Chapagain WUSC Member Karahiya - 8

5. Mr. Khem Pd. Tiwari WUSC Member Makarahar - 4

6. Mr. Lila Mani Gyawali WUSC Member Karahiya - 8

7. Mr. Mukti Pd. Basyal WUSC Member Karahiya - 8

8. Mr. Krishna Poudel Water Users Makarahar -2

9. Ms. Krishna Kumari Pandey Water Users Makrahar - 7

10. Ms. Basundhara Pangeni Water Users Makarahar -4

11. Ms. Sumitra Dumre Water Users Makarahar -4

12. Mr. Durga Bahadur Srisha Secretary Makarahar VDC

13. Mr. Chudamani Pandey Secretary Karahiya VDC

197. During FGD, the people said that there will be positive impact on environment and vegetation

growth due to extraction of water from deep boring. The local worker need to be involved during

construction as far possible to preserve social cultural environmental. During excavation of pipe



line trench, dust may deteriorate the existing environment for a short period, precaution need to

be taken to reduce such impacts. The details of FGD are kept in Annex-III.

6.3 COMMENTS/ SUGGESTIONS/ISSUES RAISED

198. The notice has been pasted at various location of the service area. No comments and suggestion

were received from the institutional, organisation within the given time frame. Also, no written

comments and suggestion were received from public within the given time frame notified through

National Daily Newspaper.

199. The summary of the focus group discussion (FGD) were as follows:

1. Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been design to use

ground water and water distribution will be done from overhead tank. Therefore, the

project has positive impact on environment.

2. At the time of project implementation, the influx of large number of seasonal workers from

outside may initiate conflict with locals due to cultural and other differences. Therefore,

local manpower is to be used as far as possible.

3. Pipe laying work is to be done with the coordination with local people



Chapter VII: GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM

200. The Grievance and Redress Mechanism is necessary to address the grievances of the people in

the project. The Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO) will be responsible to

address the issues and problems raised by the local communities regarding the loss of assets,

water and sanitation etc. during the implementation of the project. The Water Supply and

Sanitation Division Office will ask the Environment Specialist of the DSC to assist in the handling

of grievances and the community level stakeholders should be encouraged to help in the

handling of grievances at the project sites.

201. The affected person / community will submit written grievances / complaints to the Water Supply

and Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO) located at Jogi Kuti, Butwal, Rupanedhi. The WSSDO

with the help from Environmental Specialist of the DSC will try to solve the grievance at the

project level. WSSDO should respond the affected person/ institution within a week

(or days) and clarify their concern. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, WSSDO

will forward it to Project Director at SSTWSSSP, Kathmandu. The SSTWSSSP office at

Kathmandu should clarify the grievance and inform WSSDO within 15 days. If the grievance

cannot be resolved even by the SSTWSSSP, it should be finally forwarded to the Department of

Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) will respond within 21 days.

Fig. 7.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism

(within 21 days)

(within 15 days)

(within 7 days)

(within 7 days)

Grievance

Affected Person

DWSS

WSSDO

SSTWSSSP

Environmental Specialist

Redress



Chapter VIII: MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING

THE PROJECT

8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

202. The SSTWSSSP will set out environmental management requirements to develop procedures

that ensure all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements specified in this Initial

Environmental Examination (IEE) report. The EMP will actually be carried out in subsequent

stages of project development, operation and post operation phase of the proposed project.

8.1.1 Objectives of the EMP

203. The basic objectives of the EMP are to:

• Formulate environmental management requirements to ensure that all mitigation

measures and monitoring requirements specified in the approved IEE report will actually

be carried out in different stages of project development and operation;

• Define environmental management principles and guidelines for the pre-construction,

construction, operation and post operation phases of project development;

• Recommend a plan of action and a means of testing this plan to meet existing and

projected environmental problems;

• Establish the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in project environmental

management;

• Describe mitigation measures that will be implemented to avoid or mitigate adverse

environmental impacts by maximizing the positive ones;

• Establish a supervision, monitoring, auditing and reporting framework;

• Ensure implementation of recommended corrective actions aimed for environmental

management and its enhancement; and

• Ensure that the environment of the project area and its surrounding areas is protected

and developed to meet the needs of the local people, the stakeholders and safeguard the

interest of common people.

8.2. MITIGATION AND MONITORING

204. Environmental monitoring is required to identify the changes in the environmental quality over the

time. It is also an integral part of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures.

Environmental monitoring generates real data and improves the quality of implementation of

mitigation measures.

8.2.1 Monitoring Indicators

205. The project also includes performance indicators for:

Water Quantity

• Availability of at least 65 LPCD of drinking water during the summer months;

• Trend in falling ground water table arrested/reversed



Water quality

• Residual chlorine test at the service reservoir and public taps

• Number of toilets using 'safe' sanitation technologies

• Decline in the number of cases of parasites

• Number of awareness programs organized, attendees and simple pre- and post

evaluation to assess the efficiency of training

Lack of sanitation and environmental health

• Percentage/number of households with access to safe sanitation and environmental

hygiene facilities

• Cases of diarrhea in children under five years of age

8.2.2 Types of Monitoring

206. Monitoring is continuous measurement of proposed actions to examine what changes have been

taken place, what has gone wrong and who to improve them. Usually, monitoring takes place in

three aspects:

a) Baseline Monitoring: In this monitoring, pre-project information is compared with the

information obtained during the project implementation. Any changes that have occurred

during the period of time should be recorded. However, most of the major baseline

information of this project has already been collected and there are very few chances will

change till implementation phase. Therefore, baseline monitoring will not be conducted

unless any striking new scenarios in terms of physical and socio-economic conditions

emerge.

b) Impact Monitoring: It is carried out to examine the occurrence of impacts identified and

predicted impacts. It is necessary to know the actual level of impact in the field during the

construction and operation of the project as the environmental impacts are predicted

based on value judgment with some valid assumptions.

c) Compliance Monitoring: It is carried out to examine whether the compliance of the

condition prescribed in laws and regulations have been followed in implementation of the

project. It is essential to encourage and promote the proponent to comply with the

requirements as listed in the mitigation measures and any condition set forth during the

project approval.

8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.3.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan

207. The environmental mitigation measures proposed will be implemented in different phases of the

project implementation (design, pre-construction, construction, operation; post-operation phases).

208. Mitigation measures and monitoring indicators during both construction and operation stage of

the water supply projects are listed below and shown in Table 8.1.



Table 8.1: Types of mitigation measures, monitoring parameters, responsibilities and cost

Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Parameters to be

monitored Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost

Pre-Construction Phase Review of Design/Estimate Technical Design At respective office

After submission of design report

DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC NA

Review of specification of work

Technical specification regarding materials and workmanship

At respective office

After submission of design report

DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC NA

Physical Environment

Construction Phase

1. Soil erosion and soil stability

• Excavated soil placed safely against erosion

• Reuse of excavated soil properly during backfilling the pipe line trench with well compacted

• Stacking of soil

• Quantity of soil remain

At construction site

Twice a week Contractor/WSSDO/DSC Included in contractors bidding documents

2. Air Quality (Dusty Environment)

• Frequent sprinkling of water

• Monitoring of air quantity

• Use of masks

• Dust in Air

Wherever earthwork is going on

Every day Contractor/WSSDO/DSC Included in contractors bidding documents

3. Noise and Vibration • Restriction on unnecessary honking of horn from the vehicles used for construction purpose

• Regularly maintenance of equipment

• Mufflers fittings to noisy equipment

• Speed restriction

• Control on use of blowing horns

• Periodic maintenance record

• Do Controlling speed

Wherever earthwork is going on

Daily during construction

Contractor/WSSDO/DSC NA





Biological Environment

Construction Phase

4. Impact on natural vegetation and ecology (Disturbance and loss of natural vegetation and ecology)



• Smoke, coal

• Cleared area

• Afforested area,

• Labour camp

• Reservoir site

• Biannually WSSDO/WUSC Nil

5. Loss of flora & fauna due to project sitting & related activities


• Environmental awareness program


• Appearance of fauna

• Reservoir site

• Bannually WSSDO/WUSC Nil

Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

Construction Phase

6. Impairment to infrastructure (Construction activities may impair some of the existing community infrastructure such as road, foot trail etc.)

• Proper precaution to be taken at the time of construction

• Any damaged to the existing infrastructure has to be repaired

• Uninterrupted human movement

• Along pipeline route

• Daily Contractor/ WSSDO/DSC Included in contractors bidding document.

7. Law and Order issue and disturbance on social structure & culture

• Instruction to all workers to act in a responsible manner

• Prohibition of use of alcohol and gambling

• Cultural awareness of local communities to outside work force

• Orientation to outside work

• Behaviours of local people

• Alcohol bottle, quarrels

• Construction workers camp

• Weekly Contractor/ WSSDO/DSC Nil

8. Employment of local people (Economic condition of local people increases)

• Positive impact on the project and community

• Appearance of local people in work force

• Construction site

• Weekly Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC Nil





9. Occupational Health and safety

• Instruction to adopt safety measures

• First aid to be easily accessible

• Use of safety measures viz. Helmet, saferty belt etc.


• Biweekly Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC Included in contractor’s bidding document.

10. Pollution from outside work force

• Proper sanitary condition to be maintained in the labour camp (Sanitary toiler, safe drinking water)

• Collection of solid waste in fixed place

• Periodic cleaning

• Sick labours

• Waste and cleanliness of area

• Construction site and labour camp

• Biweekly Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC Included in contractor’s bidding document.

•

Operation Phase

11. Risk of contaminated water in the distribution system

• Regular visual observation & carryout maintenance work

• Regular water quality monitoring of water in the distribution system

• Training to the staff on water quality assessment

• Water quality parameter for drinking water is to be tested monthly

• Regularly inspection will be done to detect any leakage from pipe line

• At community tap and household connection

• Pipe line route

• Monthly

• Daily

WUSC/DWSS Included in contractor’s bidding document for the first year after project completion, then after responsibilities of WUSC

12. Health hazard due to unmanaged use of chlorine

• Proper handling and storage of chlorine to be set up

• Guidelines for using chlorine to be provided

• Use of safety measures

• Health of workers


• Weekly WUSC Included in contractor’s bidding document for the first year after project completion, then after responsibilities of WUSC



8.3.2 Mechanism for Monitoring

209. The EIA/IEE Report Review Committee under MPPW have the overall responsibility and will

monitor all activities from planning to construction and operational phases of the project, mainly

for impact and compliance monitoring. The environmental monitoring and management plan will

be so designed that the contractor is monitored during the construction phase to see that the

work is done according to the contract document in which mitigation measures are specified. The

EMP will also require regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project

operation over the years following project completion.

210. The SSTWSSSP/PMC under DWSS has a Project Managge Office in Kathmandu. For base line

monitoring, a committee should be formed at local level consisting of representatives from

DWSO, VDC, civil societies and local user community. District Engineer of DWSO should act as

member secretary of the Monitoring Committee. This committee should be assigned following

duties and responsibilities.

• The committee should meet at least twice a month;

• The committee should collect all complaints from the local people concerning distribution, pipeline etc and should discuss in the meeting for the final decisions.

• The monitoring committee should identify the mistakes and deficiency regarding the project and should discuss in the meeting for the purpose of correction;

• Any negligence regarding the water quality should be considered and take necessary action.

• The committee should also supervise and issue necessary instruction.

• Examine monitoring reports periodically and take necessary actions if required etc 8.3.3 Monitoring Cost

211. The cost required for the environmental monitoring has been provided in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Environmental Monitoring Cost

SN Particulars Estimated Amount Remarks

1 Skill development training for periodic maintenance and laboratory testing

100,000.00

2 Monitoring Cost (expenses for expert for observation and monitoring during construction and operation phases)

400,000.00 For 2 years

3 Public awareness program 100,000.00

4 Miscellaneous 100,000.00

Sub-total 700,000.00

Contingency @ 20% 140,000.00

Total 840,000.00

8.3.4 Modality of Operation

• Determination of potential impacts of the proposed project.

• Analysis of alternatives of proposed project sites.

• Development of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate adverse impacts

and enhancement of beneficial impacts.

• Identification of institutional needs to implement IEE recommended mitigation/

enhancement measures.



• Development of monitoring plan.

• Auditing plan.

• Inter-agency coordination and public /NGO participation

8.3.5 Environmental Procedures and Institutions

212. The main institutions to be involved for environmental management of the proposed project are

presented in the Table 8.3.

Table 8.3: Environmental Management Roles and Responsibilities of different parties

SN Organization Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule

I MOPPW Monitoring of the project design, construction, and operation and post operation activities against approved IEE and EMAP measures and National Environmental Standards. Auditing of project general performance during operation and post operation phase.

At least once in a year during construction and operation and once in two years in post operation phase. Every two years in operation and post operation phase

2 DWSS Monitoring of project design, construction and operation activities against approved IEE and EMAP measures and National Environmental Standards.

At least three times a year during construction and operation and once in a year during post operation phase.

3 PMO, SSTWSSSP

Ensure that the IEE and EMAP measures are incorporated in the final project design. Acquire necessary permits and approval for project construction and operation Ensure that the project construction, operation and post operation activities are in accordance with EMAP and other GON legislative requirements. Monitoring and record keeping regarding environmental measures and impacts, Ensure public participation and involvement in all phases on project implementation and post operation of the project. Ensure implementation of environmental enhancement programs with involvement of local bodies and communities

Prior to contract award Before construction During construction, operation and post operation phase During construction, operation and post operation phase. During construction, operation and post operation phase. During construction and operation phase.

4 Relevant VDC Follow and ensure day-to-day activities of the project operation that best fits to meet environmental standards. Ensure air quality, noise and vibration level within acceptable standards.

Daily during operation phase. Once in from month during operation phase.

5 Consultant Incorporate environmental mitigation measures as per IEE in the final design.

During final design

6 Construction & Operation Phase Supervisor

Supervision and compliance monitoring of construction contractor’s activities and project operation activities with regard to environmental mitigation measures as per IEE report and EMAP. Environmental audits of construction contractors and operator’s activities and audit reports. Ensure public participation and involvement in project construction.

Daily Once in a year During construction and operation phase.

7 Construction Contractor

Implement mitigation measures as specified. Monitoring and record keeping of environmental mitigation

Daily during construction phase Regularly during construction



SN Organization Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule

measures implemented. phase.

8 Operator Implement mitigation measures as specified. Monitoring and record keeping of environmental mitigation measures adopted during project operation.

Daily during operation phase Daily during operation phase.

9 Other Stakeholders (VDC, DDC)

Monitor that the environmental mitigation measures and enhancement measures are implemented in all stages of the project. Ensure that the public participation and involvement in the project implementation and operation phase is maximized by the project proponent

Project period. Project period.

8.3.6 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures

213. The proposed water supply and sanitation project aims to provide water supply and sanitation

facilities to the community of Karahiya and Makarahar VDC. The training and awareness program

in health and sanitation activities should be launched in the community. The occupational, health

and safety activities, usage of water and their importance should be explained in the training

program. Technical trainings need to be provided to supervision staffs for the successful

operation of the water supply and sanitation system. The sufficient staffs should be mobilised to

monitor the system. The local people should be employed as local staff as much as possible. The

degradation site will be restored by plantation and protection of sites. Hence, the project is

expected to bring a significant improvement condition and enhance the quality of life.

8.3.7 Documentation and Reporting

214. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during

project construction phase. The contractor should develop an Environmental Mitigation Execution

Plan (EMEP) based on EMP. The contractor has to report weekly about the progress of its work

together with day-to-day practical aspect of project implementation to the DSC. It is suggested

that a team comprising of WUSC member and contract workers be established at the onset of the

project to make periodic reporting to the DSC.

215. Six copies draft IEE report will be prepared and sent to the proponent (SSTWSSSP) for review,

and after receiving and incorporating its comments, the report will be sent again SSTWSSSP.

SSTWSSSP will send the report to ADB and MoPPW for their review. The six copies final report

will be prepared and submitted to SSTWSSSP and also made available to any concerned

individual or institution through website. The report also consists of summary in both English and

Nepali language so that all kind of general people can understand the project. The summary and

approved report will be available SSTWSSSP, WSSDO or in ADB’s website.

216. As a part of EMP, reports should be produced and submitted at regular time intervals depending

upon type and size of project during construction and post construction period respectively.

Since, the construction period is two years, four copies each monthly report and trimester reports

will be prepared and submitted to the SSTWSSSP/PMC office, Kathmandu. After completion of

the project, the Project Completion Report (PCR) four copies will be prepared and submitted.

Each report will include physical progress of construction works, environmental monitoring

activities etc.



217. The Contractor will be needed to get the implementing agency’s approval for the worker’s

arrangements and agreement for environmental protection, health and safety, waste

management and other environment related actions identified during the IEE Study and these

must be written into the Contract Document.

218. WSSDO will inform the SSTWSSSP/PMC office in case of non-compliance and of any other

environmental issues that require immediate attention. The contract will detail the remedies for

non compliance by the Contractor.

219. The monthly reports will be based on recurrent site inspections and will report on the

effectiveness of the mitigation measures; the Contractor's compliance with the environmental

specifications; measures recommended in the events of non-compliance and recommendations

for any other remedial actions, etc.

220. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) makes also provision for a set of monitoring

activities that are designed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed management. The

monitoring activities also will help to improve/maintain an environmentally and socially sound and

acceptable level once the water supply project has been completed and becomes fully

operational.

8.3.7.1 Implementation of EMP

221. The SSTWSSSP (Proponent) will be responsible for the implementation of mitigation measures

as given under EMAP during design, construction and post construction stage proposed in

Chapter VIII. Various agencies including concerned governmental line agencies will support

implementing agency for the implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for

activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and control/mitigate adverse impact

produced from the implementation of Proposal and responsible implementing and supporting

agencies are provided in Chapter VIII (Table 8.1).

8.3.8 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates

8.3.8.1 Cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities

222. The cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are described in the

Table 4.5 and Table 8.2. Cost of mitigation measures directly linked to the construction activities

(such as erosion control measures) are not included in the cost estimates as most of these are

already included in the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the project.



Table 8.4: Summary of Cost

SN Item Cost

1 Cost for Environmental Mitigation Measures 500,000.00

2 Cost for Enhancement Measures Nill

3 Cost Other Social Support Programes and Corporate Social Responsiblity (CRS)

NIll

4

Cost for Environmental Monitoring 850,000.00

Total Environmental Cost 1,350,000.00

Total Project Cost 131,867,172.35

Percentage of total Environmental Cost to the Total Project Cost 1.02%

8.3.8.2 Project Cost

223. The rate analysis of the Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been

calculated using district rate of fiscal year 2067-2068 BS. Some items having no GoN norms,

practical experience has been used. 15% contractors' overhead and profit has been included in

rate analysis for all items of works used in the project design. The rates of materials not provided

in the district rate are taken from the prevalent market price. The rates of pipes and fittings are

taken from Rupandehi District, as far as possible. The quantity estimate of the structures and

pipes has been calculated. Based upon the calculated rate obtained from rate analysis and

estimated quantities, the cost of each component has been calculated in detail. The cost of each

component has been added to obtain total cost of water supply system. The project cost includes

5% contingencies for price adjustment, 10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT. The detailed

cost estimate of Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is presented in

Volume III of detailed engineering design report.

8.3.8.3 Capital Cost of Water Supply System

224. The total project cost for the development of new water supply system at Karahiya Makarahar

Town Water Supply and Sanitation is Nrs. 131,867,172.35. The cost includes contractors'

overhead and profit, two types of contingencies and VAT. The summary of cost of each

component has been given in Table 8.5.



Table 8.5 Cost of Water Supply Component

SN Description of Works Qty. Unit Unit Rate Costs

1 Water Supply Component

A General Items 1 Job 6,066,791.61 6,066,791.61

B Drilling and Installing 300/200mm diameter Deep Tubewell of depth 125m by RIG Machine

1 Job 2,411,416.98 2,411,416.98

C Civil Works

1 Bore Hole plate form 2 Nos. 63,817.99 132,019.34

2 Over Head Intz Water Tank-250 cum capacity and 20m height

1 Nos. 7,346,797.43 7,346,797.43

3 400 m3 Circular RCC RVT (Size: 11.85m dia 4.0m Height)

1 Nos. 3,569,967.50 3,569,967.50

4 Pipe Valve Box (87 Nos.) 1 Job 444,841.52 444,841.52

5 Valve Chamber- Type-II(Size 0.9m x 0.9m x 1.0m) 10 Nos. 22,066.17 220,661.70

6 Earthwork in excavation and back filling for Pipe laying and Jointings (87,495.43m)

1 Job 13,186,716.65 13,186,716.65

7 Generator/Guard House 1 Job 728,844.95 728,844.95

8 Boundary Wall and Site Development(178.7+10)m 1 Nos. 1,282,432.84 1,282,432.84

9 Lab cum WUSc building 1 Nos. 1,853,825.62 1,853,825.62

10 Pipe Support Block 50 Nos. 3,011.28 150,564.00

11 Environmental Mitigation Work 1 Job 500,000.00 500,000.00

Sub-Total C: 29,416,671.55

D Pipes, Electrical Works

1 Transmission Main (DI 480m and GI Pipe 96m) 1 Job 1,834,650.24

1,834,650.24

2 Distribution Main ( HDPE 56,090m, GI 260m and DI 535m with laying and joining)

1 Job 31,763,815.80 31,763,815.80

3 Fittings Requirement for Transmission and Distribution Pipes

1 Job 5,176,391.33 5,176,391.33

4 Household Connections (1768 Nos.) 1 Job 12,762,004.79 12,762,004.79

5 Electrical and electromechanical works including generator, transformer, pumps etc

1 Job 7,360,602.00 7,360,602.00

Sub-Total D: 58,897,464.16

E Tools & Equipment and Water Lab Instruments 1 Job 509,424.00 509,424.00

F Operation and Maintenance Cost for base year 1 Job 4,173,547.09 4,173,547.09

Sub total A, B, C, D, E & F ---- ( i ) 101,475,315.39

Physical contingencies 10% of i ---( ii = i x 0.10) 10,147,531.54

Price contingencies 5% of i ---( iii = i x 0..5) Sub total including contingencies ----(iv=i+ii+iii)

5,073,765.77 116,696,612.70

VAT 13% of iii ----- (v=iv*0.13) 15,170,559.65

Total W/S cost including contingencies and VAT ---( vi = iv +v)

131,867,172.35

225. The cost estimate of sanitation component has been determined. Physical price contingencies

and VAT are included in the cost estimate. The Table 8.5 shows the detailed cost of sanitation

components and total project cost of water supply and sanitation component.



Table 8.5: Cost of Sanitation Component

SN Description of Works Qty. Unit Unit Rate Costs

1 Sanitation Component

2 Public latrine (1 No.) and Institutional Latrine (1 No.)

1 Job 1,439,718.63 1,439,718.63

Sub-total i

Physical contingencies 10% of i ---( ii = i x 0.10) 143,971.86

Price contingencies 5% of i ---( iii = i x 0.10) 71,985.93

Sub Total of Sanitation cost including contingencies and VAT ---( iv =i+ii+iii) VAT 13% of iv ……… (v=iv x 0.13) Total of Sanitation cost (Agreed by WUSC) including contingencies and VAT … (vi = iv =v)

1,655,676.42

215,237.94

1,870,914.36

3

i

ii

Other Sanitation Component (without contingencies and VAT) Provision of ODF (150HHs) Provision of OBA (217HHs) Total Sanitation Cost including contingencies and VAT

150 217

Job Job

1,000.00

9,000.00

150,000.00

1,953,000.00

3,973,914.36

4 Total Cost of the Project (WS + Sanitation(Agreed by WUSC) + Other Sanitation Component)

135,841,086.71



Chapter IX: CONCLUSION

226. On reviewing the existing environmental conditions and the characteristics of the proposed

project, it can be concluded that the proposed Karahiya Makarahar Water Supply and Sanitation

Project has minimal impacts on the socio-economic, physical and biological aspects of the project

area and the impacts can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures. The

proposed water supply and sanitation project aims at providing adequate and safe drinking water

to the community of Karahiya and Makarahar VDC. If the project is properly implemented and

environmental issues considered, there will be a significant improvement in the health of the

people, household and community hygiene practice and environmental sanitation thereby

increasing the quality of life and community health

227. There are no major objections from the local community except that the manpower (labours)

should be employed locally and local resources should be used as far as practicable. Proposed

mitigation measures should be implemented wherever applicable in the course of construction

and operation of the proposed project.

228. From the study, it can be seen that no adverse or harmful impacts of any significance are

expected, so a full scale EIA is not required. The project falls under category B of ADB Guidelines

for which only IEE is required.



REFERENCES

1. ‘’District Profile of Nepal 2007/08’’, Incentive Study & Research Centre

2. ‘’Environment Protection Act, 2054 and Environment Protection Regulation 2054’’ with amended, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu

3. ‘’Terms of References’’ of Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, Kathmandu, Nepal

4. Detailed Project Report of Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, Kathmandu, Nepal

SSTWSSSP: Karahiya Makarahar WSSP�


Annex I: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA)

Checklist of Water Supply



Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social

dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary

resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to

consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify

potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation

measures.

Country/Project Title:

Sector Division:

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

A.PROJECT SITING

IS THE PROJECT AREA…

� DENSELY POPULATED?

�

The population density in the area is 6.71

person per hectare. The HHs are scattered

in project area.

� HEAVY WITH DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES?

�

Only small development activities like

building construction, gravelling of road

are going on.

� ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY

ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

• CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE

� No any cultural heritage site within or

adjacent and nearby the project area.

Karahiya-Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

SSTWSSSP, DWSS




• PROTECTED AREA

� No any protected area within or adjacent

and nearby the project area.

• WETLAND �

No wetland area within or adjacent and

nearby the project area.

• MANGROVE �

No mangrove area within or adjacent and

nearby the project area.

• ESTUARINE �

No Estuarine area within or adjacent and

nearby the project area

• BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA

� No buffer zone of protected area within or

adjacent and nearby the project area.

• SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING

BIODIVERSITY

�

No special area for protecting biodiversity

within or adjacent and nearby the project

area.

• BAY

� No any bay within or adjacent and nearby

the project area.

B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Will the Project cause…

� pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater

discharge from communities, industries, agriculture, and soil

erosion runoff?

�

Since the system is ground water system,

the possibility of pollution of raw water

supply in not here.

Communities have their own latrine with

septic tank and the outlets from the septic

tank are not connected to the drain. There

are no big industries within the project

area.

� impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and

loss/damage to these sites?

�

All pipes will pass through road side hence

no any historical/cultural monuments are

within the project area.

� hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water

pumping?

� Only required water will be pumped and

collected in reservoir.

� social conflicts arising from displacement of communities ?

� The communities will not be displaced.

� conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other

beneficial water uses for surface and ground waters?

�

Raw water is pumped from ground and the

possibility of conflict with other

beneficiaries is not there.

� unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or

mineral constituents)?

� Water quality from existing tube well is

under NDWQS.




� delivery of unsafe water to distribution system?

� Treatment plant facilities are provided.

� inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to

pollution of water supply?

� Boundary wall facility is provided.

� over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and

ground subsidence?

� Only required water will be pumped.

� excessive algal growth in storage reservoir?

� Only treated water will be collected and

reservoir will be periodically cleaned.

� increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of

community facilities?

�

Almost all the household in the project

area have their own latrine with septic tank

and the outlets from the septic tank are not

connected to the drain. The conceptual

design of structures for waste water

management has been prepared.

� inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants?

�

Water quality from existing tube well is

under NDWQS. Very negligible sludge

will be managed within plant compound.

� inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to

alleviate noise and other possible nuisances and protect

facilities?

�

Treatment plant will not make noise and

other nuisances.

� impairments associated with transmission lines and access

roads?

� The length of transmission line will pass

through road.

� health hazards arising from inadequate design

of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling

of chlorine and other hazardous chemicals.

�

Except Chlorine, other hazardous chemical

will not be used. Trained manpower will

be used to received store and handling of

chlorine. Chlorine injection device is used.

� health and safety hazards to workers from handling and

management of chlorine used for disinfection, other

contaminants, and biological and physical hazards during

project construction and operation?

�

Chlorine will be used for disinfection at

the time of operation of the projects.

Appropriate training will be provided to

handle it properly and trained manpower

will be deployed for this purposes, hence

will not cause any health and safety hazard

to the workers.

� dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

� No resentment of people is provisioned




� disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children,

Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

�

All HHs will have their own private tap.

Besides this, poor, women and indigenous

people or other vulnerable groups will get

opportunities to work in the project

construction work and earn money.

� noise and dust from construction activities?

�

The excavation and backfilling of pipe

trench will create some and dust which

will not cause any serious problem/

Appropriate construction practice will be

adopted ti minimize their effects.

� increased road traffic due to interference of construction

activities?

�

During the excavation and backfilling of

pipe trench traffic interference will be for

few time. Traffic management will be

there.

� continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations?

� Flat terrain and no big amount of

earthwork in one place.

� delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes

(especially mud accumulations in filters) and inadequate

chlorination due to lack of adequate monitoring of chlorine

residuals in distribution systems?

�

Regular monitoring of plant operation will

be carried out. Trained man power will be

deployed from the users committee for the

operation and maintenance of the project.

Beside this one well equipped water lab

will be established at the treatment plant

site to conduct water quality test on

regular basis. Hence this type of problem

will not arise.

� delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due

to inadequate attention to feeding of corrective chemicals?

�

Regular monitoring of plant operation will

be carried out. Trained man power will be

deployed from the users committee for the

operation and maintenance of the project.

Beside this one well equipped water lab

will be established at the treatment plant

site to conduct water quality test on

regular basis. Hence this type of problem

will not arise.

� accidental leakage of chlorine gas?

� Chlorine gas is not used.




� excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water

users?

� Only required water is pumped from

ground water source,

� competing uses of water?

�

No such possibility exists. All the users

will have their private tap and system is

continuous.

� increased sewage flow due to increased water supply

�

Most of them have their own toilet with

septic tank. The conceptual design of

structures for wastewater management has

been prepared.

� increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking and

washing) and sludge from wastewater treatment plant

�

Small quantity which will pass through

storm drain. The conceptual design of

structures for wastewater management has

been prepared

� large population influx during project construction and

operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure

and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

�

No need to hiring large number of people

during construction period, local people

will be used as far used possible and

skilled manpower not available in the

project will be hired from outside.

� social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are

hired?

�

Since local workers are used as much as

possible, such conflict will not be

expected.

� risks to community health and safety due to the transport,

storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives,

fuel and other chemicals during operation and construction?

�

No need to use explosive and other

chemicals. Fuel will be properly stored.

� community safety risks due to both accidental and natural

hazards, especially where the structural elements or components

of the project are accessible to members of the affected

community or where their failure could result in injury to the

community throughout project construction, operation and

decommissioning?

�

Proper safety precaution will be adopted

during the construction period. The project

structures will be made inaccessible

through provision of compound

wall/barbed wall fencing.



Annex II: General Layout of Reservoir Borehole, Pump

House/ Generator House

SSTWSSSP: Karahiya Makarahar WSSP� ��


Annex II: General Layout of Reservoir Borehole, Pump-house/ Generator House

B H N o . 1

(T e s t B o re H o le )

Gu

ard

/Ge

ne

rato

r

Ho

use

O H T

R O A D

B H N o . 2

L a b /O ff ice

B u ild in g

D is trib u tio n (2 5 0 m m D I)

DN

C h lo rin a tio n P ip e

R V T

6 4 0 0 0

32

50

0

6 1 5 00

207

00

68650

Fro

m B

ore

hol e

2Ø

150 D

I

Fro

m B

ore

hol e

1Ø

150 D

I



Annex III: Project Location Map



Annex III-a: Project Location Map



Annex III-b: Zone of Direct and Indirect Impact

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

�� !��"#� !��$��

��%�� &'��'�('��'��'�)�

��%�� &'�*'��'��

+�),�� !��"#� !��$ ��

��%�� *'��'��

��%�� '�('��'��+��,

��-��.��/0�1

21��3��0�

$-�!��4��56��78#��9�

�8#�8�9,

2 -�!��4��56��-#��9��8#�8�9

:��;��8!��9!�!6��$&(��*,

:� ��;��8!��9!�!6��$&(��*,

::

�

�<�%�8!��9!�!6��$&&)��=,

:�: <�%�8!��9!�!6��$&&)��=,

:::��"#�-�!�



Annex IV: Public Notice, Muchulka, Recommendation

Letter and Focus Group Discussion



Annex IV: Public Notice



Annex V: ToR Approval Letter and IEE Terms of

Reference



Annex VI: Water Quality Report



Annex VII: Air Quality Standards, Nepal Vehicle Mass

Emission Standard for Gasoline & Diesel

Operated Vehicles, 2056, National Drinking

Water Quality Guidelines (As per Urban

Environment Guidelines, 2068)



Air Quality Standards

National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal

Parameters Units Averaging Time

Concentration

in ambient Air,

maximum

TSP µg/m3 Annual -

24 - hours* 230

PM10 µg/m3 Annual -

24 - hours* 120

Sulfur Dioxide µg/m3 Annual 50

24-hours** 70

Nitrogen Dioxide µg/m3 Annual 40

24-hours** 80

Carbon Monoxide µg/m3 8hours 10000

15 minutes 100000

Lead µg/m3 Annual 0.5

24-hour -

Benzene µg/m3 Annual 20

24-hours* -

Ref.: Environment Sector Program Support, Ministry of Population and Environment, Kathmandu: Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring in Kathmandu Valley, Yearly Report for the year 2003, March 2004

Note:

* : 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18days per calendar year the standard may exceed but not on

two consecutive days.

**: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 are not to be controlled before MOPE has recommended appropriate test

methodologies. This will be done before 2005.



Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard for gasoline & Diesel operated

Vehicles, 2056

Fuel Vehicle Type Model

Year CO%

HC,

ppm HSU, % Test

Petrol

Four wheeler Up to 1980 4.5

1000 - Idle After 1981 3.0

Three

wheelers

Up to 1991 4.5 7800 - Idle

After 1992 3.0

Two wheelers All 4.5 7800 - Idle

LPG/

CNG All categories - 3.0 1000 - Idle

Diesel Four wheelers

Up to 1994

- -

75 Ka=3.22per

meter) Free

After 1995 65 (K=2.44 per

meter) Acceleration

K= Coefficient of light absorption, a measure of blackness of smoke. It is independent of the

measurement length.

Ref.: Policies & Institutional Arrangements for managing emissions from motor vehicles (Ref.: Urban Transportation and the Environment in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Shobhakar Dahal, 2006)

Legal Framework for AQMS in Nepal

��

�

• ��

�� !�� "#��

$%&'�� ()�*+��!�� ,��

�� ,�

-��

�� ,�

�

• �� !��

�� .�� /��

�� ,�-�� 01+�!�� ,�

�



National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines

Ref.: �� !��"��#��$%�� &�� '��(%)�� *�� (��

&�$�� +��!��'�

�

Note: ��

��

" �#�� $��

��

"��

%�� &��"%�!�'��(��

2��

-��3�$�-'� #$�4'� �

�%� ",#!5,#6� �

*��3�$-*'� #$�#'� �

- ��7�+��

-�� 8��&��3�$� 9�'� �444� �

0�� *�� #44� �

*��

:��3�$� 9�'� 4,($('� �

; � ��3�$� 9�'� 4,<� �

��3�$� 9�'� 4,4#� �

* ��3�$� 9�'� 4,44(� �

*��3�$� 9�'� 4,4#� �

*� ��3�$� 9�'� 4,4=� �

>��3�$� 9�'� 4,#!�,#6� �

?� 3�$� 9�'� 4,4��

�� 3�$� 9�'� �,#� �

*��3�$� 9�'� <#4� �

&�� 3�$� 9�'� <#4� �

�� 3�$� 9�'� #4� �

*��3�$� 9�'� ��

-�� % ��3�$� 9�'� #44� �

* ��3�$� 9�'� <44� �

@��3�$� 9�'� (� �

;��3�$� 9�'� 4,44��

��3�$� 9�'� 4,<� �

1�� *��3�$� 9�'� 4,�!4,<6�

+��

��

��

;��!A��

0!*��3�$;2��:��9��44��'� 4� �

-�� *��3� $;2�� :�� 9�

�44��'�4$�#')�'� �



Annex VIII: Comments and Responses



Project: Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

Comments Response Matrix (from ADB)

S. No. Comments Responses

1,4 The IEE report need to be approved by Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW)

based on the provision of Environment Protection Rule, 1997 (amended 2007) (EPR). In

this regard and to avoid delays, the Project Management Office should annex following

important documents:

a) Recommendation letters from the directly relevant VDCs (Karahiya Makarahar)

This is mandatory requirement; and

b) Copy of deed of public enquiry (Muchulka) from relevant institutions (refer to

Rule 7, Section 2 of EPR) confirming they have been informed of the project by

pasting of public notice in their institutions (refer subsection 6.1 of the IEE

report)

Muchulka and Recommendation letters from the relevant VDCs

(Karahiya and Makarahar) are given in Annex - IV

2 Please restructure Executive summary in English covering in brief the project, proposal,

proponent, base line information, potential major impacts, mitigation measures and

environment management plan with cost, Objectives of IEE study and other information

on consulting services, detail table of subproject components.

Executive summary in English is restructured and included in the

report.

3 Please include an Executive Summary in Nepali Executive summary in Nepali included in the report

Please attached a copy of approved Terms of Reference for IEE study (with official

stamp) along with the approval letter from MPPW

Terms of Reference for IEE study along with the approval letter from

MPPW is attached in Annex - V

5 Subsection 1.2.5: Approach and Methodology of IEE is incomplete. The paragraph

discusses about the survey methodology, but the IEE process followed for the study is

missing. Please complete the subsection in brief.

Subsection 1.2.5: Approach and Methodology of IEE is elaborated and

included. Please refer to Paragraph 15 to 26

6 Provide English and Scientific names of the tree species listed in subsection 3.2.2.1 and

4.2.1.2

English and Scientific names of the tree species are provided in

subsection 3.2.2 , Please refer to Paragraph 106 -107

7 Subsection 4.2.1.2 (iii) mentions severe impact on wildlife and loss of forest habitat,

whereas subsection 3.2.2 confirms that there is no trees to be cleared and no forest area

nearby the subproject. Please check and remove conflicting information in the report.

There is no forest area in the surrounding service area. The conflicting

information from the report has been removed from the report.

8 Please check and ensure that subsection 4.3 presents potential impacts and non

mitigation measures.

Clarified

9 Subsection 4.4 Operational Phase: Please change the title of the section as “Mitigation

Measures” and not “Operational Phase”.

Corrected




10 Mitigation measures presented in chapter IV requires clarity and elaboration. Clarified and elaborated.

11 Chapter VII of Terms of Reference (refers annex IV) guides to conduct alternative

analysis covering project location, design technology, construction techniques and O&M

and analyze their cost and benefits. Please amend the title of Chapter V as Analysis of

Alternatives and cover all the areas of analysis as guided by the approved TOR.

Clarified

12 Chapter VI Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation: Please provide a table

with date, location of consultation, presence of male and female participants and the

issues raised by the stakeholders in the meeting.

The list of male and female participants and the issues raised by the

stakeholder has been included in the Chapter VI, Please refer to

Paragraph 196 to 199, (Date of FGD 2067/4/24)

13 Chapter VII - Grievance and Redress Mechanism: Please clearly mention time and

allocated to redress grievances at each stage of grievance redress mechanism. Also

elaborate the mechanism covering what will happen if the grievance cannot be resolved

by the project director’s office. (refer resettlement framework)

Clarified

14 Please check the Monitoring Indicator tables 8.1, 8.2 8.3. It is observed in the table that

all activities are to be monitored by direct observation. What about other tools like

counting of trees, formation of local consultative committee to discuss community issues

in routine meetings, measurement of air noise and water quality, review records of

labours, consultation meetings, photographs etc.

Clarified

15 Subsection 8.15-Environmental Audit: Please clarify who will conduct the Audit after 2

years of completion of the subproject, and how budget will be arranged for this.

Audit is not required for IEE.

16 Please ensure that information provided in Table 8.1, 8.2 8.3 and those in the Table 8.6

are uniform

Clarified

17 Grievance Redress Mechanism is provided under chapter VII, and again repeated under

table 8.6 in Chapter VIII. Please check and remove the duplicity.

Checked and removed

18 Chapter IX-Conclusion and Recommendation: Reducing of pressure on forest and wild

animals is recommended; whereas subsection 3.2.2 mentions that there are no trees to

be cleared and no wild life in the area. Please check and remove conflicting remarks.

Chapter IX-Conclusion and Recommendation: Restructured and

clarified.

19 Documentation and Reporting part is missing. Add this as a subsection in Chapter VIII Documentation and Reporting part is included in Chapter VIII,

subsection 8.3.7, Please refer to Paragraph 214 - 221



Project: Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project

Comments Response Matrix (From MPPW)


1 The executive summary in Nepali is way different than the summary in English. As this report will be used by the local Nepalese, there should not be difference between Nepali and English. Further the contents of the reports shall be grossly reflected in the executive summary.

Executive summary in Nepali is restructured included in the report

(Page I to V)

2 Incorporate all the Issues in IEE report which are mentioned in approved Terms of reference.

All issues mentioned in approved TOR of IEE is incorporated in

paragraph 131 - 184

3 State why the proposal requires IEE study in sub chapter "Relevancy of the Project" by indicating threshold value and clause number according to EPR 1997, Schedule 1 and 2 in relevant sector (such as Road sector, forest sector, Historical, cultural and Archaeological area, National Park etc). Remove the threshold regarding project cost from the same chapter.

Paragraph 7 to 14

4 Clearly mention the zone of influence for direct impact zone and indirect impact zone with logic of demarcation of the zone.

Please refer to Annex III-b

5 Project layout map shall be presented with affected Municipality/VDC boundaries clearly demarcated. Give highest and lowest altitude of the proposal area along with camp site, quarry site waste/spoil disposal site etc. Also provide proper legend in the map.

Please refer to Annex III-b

6 Enlist the issues raised by the public in public consultation and incorporate them properly in the Impact/Mitigation and monitoring chapter.

Paragraph 198 and 199, issues raised by the public consultation is

incorporated in paragraph 160 and 170

7 Include all the materials needed like - Cement, aggregate, steel, reinforcement bars, pipe, fittings and others. Sources of materials and their adequacy have to be identified and discussed.

Paragraph 101

8 Relocation of existing public and private facility has not been stated, for example: power lines for each voltage (no. of poles, total line length); for communication lines (no. of poles, total length, no. of telephone cabinet); water supply lines and sewerage pipeline (pipe size and length), canal, foot-trail etc.

Please refer to Paragraph 166

9 Correct the scientific name of Plant/species and write in italic. Corrected, Paragraph 106 - 107

10 Construction planning shall briefly discuss (detail can come in Management action plan):

• Pre-construction activities like - land acquisition and compensation; relocation of HH and families, business, shops etc.; relocation of power lines, communication lines, and water supply lines;.

• Quarry and storage facility management, construction material transport, storage facilities of other materials

• Traffic management - Construction and provision of bypass to re-route existing

Construction process is given in 2.16. Paragraph 87 to 101

Please refer to Paragraph 59, 60 (Table 2.11) and Paragraph 88




traffic during excavation of pipeline etc.

• Camp site management - for contractor, labour, engineers whichever is required.


Please refer to Paragraph 179 and 180


11 In case of stream source; mention downstream impact its mitigation and monitoring mechanism.

Source is ground water

12 Rewrite chapter IX with conclusion and remove recommendation part. Restructured, Paragraph 226 to 228

13 Include deed of Enquiry as per Rule 7 and Recommendation letter of affected Municipality and VDC as per Rule 10 of EPR-2054.

Included, Annex IV

14 The structures like Intake, Pipeline, storage tank, Treatment Plant etc may require land. It shall give the following as per the chainage:

• Existing land owned by the project

• Additional land requirements for the different structures encompassing – agricultural (khet, bari), forest land (government, community, private, etc...), private land, public land etc

• temporary and permanent land requirement

Paragraph 59 and 60, Table 2.11

15 Language regarding mitigation measures shall reflect proponent's commitments. Mitigation measures shall be clear and specific. Please do not use the word like proper, safe, should be, may, may have, etc in mitigation measure

Corrected

16 The cover page shall be corrected by writing the report is submitted by the proponent.

Corrected

17 The Terms of Reference make a reference to a number of policies, legislations, standard and in the IEE. In addition there is no mention why the piece of policies, legal framework, and standards guidelines to be complied and reviewed during IEE, however, only a few have been discussed guideline attracts the project.

18 Review the Acts/Rules/Policies as mentioned in the ToR in chronological order (Constitution, Policy/Plan, Acts, Rules, Manual/Guideline/Standard, International Convention). And correct the date of Interim constitution of Nepal. Better write date in Bikram Sambat too.

Rearranged in chronological order, Please refer to Paragraph 4

19 One of the objectives of IEE, besides alternative analysis is to recommend whether the project requires EIA level study or not to the decision makers.

Paragraph 228

20 The baseline environmental discussions, particularly physical and biological environment are not adequate enough to evaluate the predicted impacts. The discussed environmental baseline is highly general and do not give site specific information to actually judge the impact even for the social and cultural environment. Include baseline

Corrected




information of respective identified impacts.

21 Name the community and other forest influenced by the project activity. No community forest inside the project

22 The environmental impacts predicted should show site specific relationship between baseline and project activity logically. Such a site specific relationship is no where presented, rather a generalized approach has been taken as if the project implementation area is not known. But the fact is we are dealing with an area whose baseline is known to us for the impact prediction from the likely project activities. Few examples of the generalized approach taken is:

• IEE Karahiya Makarahar Town, Section 4.2.1.1 — "OHT and treatment plant requires some land area which cause land use pattern

• to be changed permanently" — then explain where such change is made, how much of land is changed? Further mitigation measure proposed has no relevance to land use change by "conservation of forested area or through afforestation" — going through the report it seems the project is not affecting the forested land ??.

• IEE Karahiya Makarahar Town, Section 4.2.1.2 - "Water Supply schemes during construction and operation can adversely affect the existing biological species and ecosystem" This is highly general statement —so include site specific thing (there is no mention of vegetation in the baseline)

• IEE Karahiya Makarahar Town, Section 4.2.1.3 ii) Impairment of Infrastructures — "May effect some of the community infrastructures"

• Such instances are repeatedly made in IEE reports and so avoid generalized comments on impacts.

Corrected, Chapter IV, Paragraph 131 - 184

23 Mitigation measures have been provided in write up in some section for the impact predicted while in some sections and topics impact is predicted but no mitigation is figured out (refer IEE Karahiya Makarahar Town section 4.2.1.3 ii), iv), v), vii), viii), ix), x), xi), xii) etc.

Corrected Chapter IV, Refer to clause 4.2.1.3 ii (Paragraph 167), iv

(Paragraph 170), v (Paragraph 172), vii (Paragraph 175), viii

(Paragraph 178), ix (Paragraph 180),

24 Table 4.1 in all of the IEE reports is confusing — Project activity column mention construction works and operation works which are as good as construction phase and operation phase.

Corrected, Please refer to Table 4.4

25 Impact prediction summary table as per EIA guideline is missing. Please refer to Paragraph 185 (Table 4.4) for Impact prediction

summary

26 Table 8.1,

• The types of impacts and mitigation measures in write up in Chapter IV and Table 4.1 do not tally with types of impacts and mitigation measures of Table 8.1.

• Further monitoring indicators are very ill defined and the purpose of monitoring (baseline, impact and compliance) is not explicit.

Corrected, Please refer to table 8.1




• Some of the sites for monitoring locations are illogical such as water quality monitoring of the reservoir, the specified location for monitoring is at lab building. Further water quality monitoring at the reservoir only is inadequate it should at least cove the terminal end water taps of the system to ensure the water quality safety.

• Monitoring methods are lacking

• Some of the topics lack responsible authorities for monitoring

• Costs — even operation phase costs are mentioned as kept in bidding document?

Cost Included in contractor’s bidding document for the first year after project

completion, then after responsibilities of WUSC

27 For IEE level project an environmental audit is not required by the EPR-2054. Removed

28 Documentation and Reporting includes the IEE report documentation and reporting. In fact this section should provide the record and reporting system for how the environmental mitigation is implemented, how monitoring is conducted and the findings of monitoring and how corrective actions are implemented etc.

Please refer to Paragraph 214 - 221

29 Summary Mitigation and Enhancement-Matrix and associated cost for each environment shall be prepared at the end of respective sections.

Included, Please refer to Paragraph 186, Table 4.5 and Paragraph 211,

Table 8.2

30 "Summary of Cost Benefit assessment" shall be given which shall include the followings:

• cost for Environmental Mitigation Measures

• cost for Enhancement Measures,

• cost for Other Social Support Programs & Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),

• cost for Environmental Monitoring,

• Total Project Cost; and

• Percentage of total Environmental Cost to the Total Project Cost; and .

"Summary of Cost Benefit assessment" is given in paragraph 222,

Table 8.4

32 Include the impact regarding Waste water management of operation phase including mitigation measure and monitoring mechanism. Write the location of spoil disposal site.

Please refer to Paragraph 149, Please refer to Annex III-b for location

of spoil disposal & Please refer to Paragraph 151

33 Changes shall be made of the word "Resources" used in chapter headings of chapter 3 into "Environment"

Corrected

34 Afforestation, restriction of fishing activities, reinstatement of damaged community structures etc is mentioned in the mitigation measures however corresponding impacts is not identified in report. The content of chapters - impact, Mitigation measure and Monitoring mechanism shall be compatible to each other

Corrected, Please refer to Table 4.4 and Table 8.4

35 Include Reference for cited documents. Page 62

1

bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ If]qut cfof]hgf 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f k|ZgfjnL

lhNnf============================ gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;===================== j8f g+============

gu/ cfof]hgfM ============================ 3/ g+= ==========

cGt/jftf{ lng]sf] gfd M ========================================= cGt/jftf{ ldlt M ===================

;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M ===============================================

!= ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljj/0f -pko'Qm sf]7fdf -√_ of] lrGx nufpg' xf];\_

!=! cGt/jftf{ lbg]sf] gfd M

!=@ 3/d'lnsf] gfd ===================== lnË M k'?if dlxnf

!=# o; kl/jf/df ckfËtf ePsf] s'g} ;b:o x'g' x'G5< 5 5}g

!=$ hfthfltdWo] s'g xf]< s_ cflbjf;L hghflt v_ blnt u_ cNk;+Vos 3_ cGo

-cGtjf{tf lng]n] y/sf] cfwf/df pko'Qm ju{df lrGx nufpg] _

!=% cGt/jftf{ lbg] JolQmsf] gftfM ====================

!=^ o; kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f lbg';\

qm=;+= 3/d'lnl;tsf] gftf÷gfd pd]/ lnË lzIff :t/ k]zf! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !)

Gff]6M k]zf M != s[lif @= Jofkf/ #= gf]s/L $+= pBf]uwGbf %= /]ld6]G; -a}b]lzs /f]huf/_ ^= Hofnf &= cGo

lzIff M != lg/If/ @= ;fIf/ #= k|fylds;Dd $= dfWolds;Dd %= P;=Pn=;L= plt0f{ ^= cfO{=P= &= lj=P= *= Pd= P= (= cGo

!=& o; kl/jf/df a;f]af; ug]{ cGo ;b:ox?sf] ;xof]uL 8]/fjfn s'n ;+Vof

!=* o; gu/÷zx/df slxn] b]lv a:b} cfpg' ePsf] 5 < jif{

2

:jjf;L a;fO ;/]sf] a;fO{ ;/L cfPsf] eP s'g lhNnfaf6 ===================<

!=( a;fO{ ;g'{sf] sf/0fM k|fs[lts k|sf]k Jofkf/÷Joj;fo lzIff åGb

lhljsf]kfh{g ;fdflhs ljnog

!=!) slxn] b]lv o; 3/df a:b} cfpg' ePsf] xf] < ;fn÷aif{

!=!! of] 3/ cfk\mg} xf] < xf] xf]Og olb xf] eg] xfnsf] d'No slt xf]nf cg'dflgt ?=

v_ ef8fdf a;]sf] xf] xf]Og xf] eg] dfl;s 3/ efF8f slt ltg'{x'G5 < ?=

u_ ;'s'Daf;L xf] xf]Og

!=!@ o; 3/df efG5f sf]7f afx]s cGo slt j6f sf]7fx? 5g\ <

! sf]7f @ sf]7f # sf]7f $ sf]7f jf ;f] eGbf jl9

!=!# 3/sf] cjnf]sg u/L 3/sf] lsl;d n]Vg] . kSsL cw{ kSsL sRrL

-kSsL M 5t 9nfg, cw{ kSsL M 9'Ëf÷O§fsf] ufx|f], 6Lgsf] 5fgf÷9'Ëf÷:n]6,lemu6L÷6fon cflb, sRrL M df6f] ufx|f] / v/÷6fonn] 5fPsf]_

!=!$ o; kl/jf/;+u hUuf hdLg 5 < 5 5}g

olb 5 eg] % /f]kgL -)=@% x]S6/_ eGbf jl9 jf % /f]kgL eGbf sd

!=!% oxfFsf] hUufsf] lsl;dM s_ v]t jf af/L ÷cl;+lrt hUuf -=========lj3f÷/f]kgL_

v_ v]t jf af/L ÷l;+lrt hUuf -===========lj3f÷/f]kgL_

!=!^ oxfFn] ufO{÷e};L kfNg' ePsf]5 < 5 5}g , 5 eg] sltj6f < Pp6f b'O{j6f jf jl9

!=!& tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s'g s'g ;fdfg 5g\ < -ePsf] ;fdfgsf] ;+Vof n]Vg]_

qm=;+= ;DkQL ;+Vof s}lkmot ! ;fOsn÷l/S;f @ Dff]6/;fO{sn # a}nuf8f $ sf/÷lhk % ldgLa;÷a; ^ 6«ofS6/÷6«s & /]l8of]÷Sof;]6 * 6]lnlehg÷lel8of];]6 ( :6f]e÷Uof; r'nf] !) /]lk|mh]6/ !! jfl;Ë d]lzg !@ jf6/ lkmN6/ !# sDKo'6/ !$ Od]n÷OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr !% cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ .

!=!* olb d'n k]zf s[lif eP slt dlxgf vfg k'U5< # dlxgf ^ dlxgf !@ dlxgf olb gk'u ePdf s;/L wfGg' x'G5 < k;n÷3/ef8f tnj k]G;g cGo

3

!=!( tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t jflif{s vr{ slt 5 pNn]v ug'{xf]; .

qm=;+= vr{sf] lzif{s / lsl;d dfl;s vr{ ?= s}lkmot

! -s_ s[lif tkm{ !=! /;folgs dn, ljp, ls6gfzs cfbL vl/b ug{ !=@ Dff6f]sf] t}of/L, /f]Kg], uf]8\g], afnL sf6\g], leqfpg],

9'jfgL / laqmL ubf{ x'g] vr{

!=# cGo eP -pNn]v ug'{;\_ -s_ sf] hDdf @ -v_ u}x| s[lif tkm{ @=! vfBfGg -cGg / b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'_ @=@ sk8f @=# lzIff @=$ 3/ ef8f÷3/ dd{t @=% oftfoft÷;+rf/ @=^ ljB't @=& kfgL kf]t ÷dd{t ;Def/ @=* Cf}{iflw÷pkrf/ -kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]u_ ========== jflif{s vr{ @=( Cf}iflw÷pkrf/ -cGo /f]u_ ========== jflif{s vr{ @=!) cGoM rf8ka{ sd{sf08 ;+:sf/ cflb pNn]v ug]{ ========== jflif{s vr{

-v_ sf] hDdf s±v sf] s'n hDdf

!=@) tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t dfl;s cfo slt 5 < pNn]v ug'{xf]; .

qm=;+= cfo;|f]t ;+nUg kl/jf/ k|fKt x'g] cfo

-?= dfl;s_ s}lkmot

k'?if dlxnf! -s_ s[lif tkm{ !=! s[lif pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 cfo

-ds}, ux'F, wfg, t/sf/L, kmnk"mn_

!=@ kz'hGo pTkfbg -b'w, bxL, £o", afv|f, s'v'/f cflb_

-s_ sf] hDdf @ -v_ u}x| s[lif tkm{ @=! gf]s/L ÷ hflu/ @=@ Hofnf dhb'/L @=# k]G;g÷pkbfg cfbL @=$ j}b]zLs /f]huf/ -/]ld6]G;_ @=% k;n÷Jofkf/ @=^ pBf]u @=& k;n÷3/ ef8f @=* uf8L÷9'jfgL Joj;fo @=( cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ -v_ sf] hDdf s±v s'n hDdf

!=@! oxfFsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} 7'nf] C0f af]Sg' k/]sf] 5 < 5 5}g

4

@= vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ Joj:yfkg

@=! tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] nfuL vfg, vfgf ksfpg, g'xfpg, efF8fjt{g tyf n'uf w'gsf nfuL k|of]u ul/g]

kfgLsf] >f]t Pp6} xf] < xf] xf]Og

@=@ tkfO{sf] vfgkfgLsf] d'Vo >f]t sxFf 5 < 3/ sDkfp08 leq} ;fj{hlgs :yndf

@=# tkfO{sf] kl/jf/n] lkpg, vfgf ksfpgsf] nfuL k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] >f]t s'g xf] < b}lgs slt ln6/ kfgL

vr{g' x'G5 < s[kof tnsf] sf]7fdf- _ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

qm=;+= jiff{ofddf ln6/÷ b}lgs

;'Vvf ofddf ln6/÷ b}lgs

!= O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ � O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ � @= O{gf/÷s'jf -9Ssg ePsf]_ � Ogf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ePsf]_ �#= 6\o"a]n÷x\of08kDk � 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk �$= l8k 6\o"a]n � l8k 6\o"a]n � %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] � O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] � ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f � ;fj{hlgs wf/f � &= lghL wf/f � lghL wf/f ] �*= d"n, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L � d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L �(= laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ � laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ � !)= jiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ � aiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ � !!= cGo � cGo � !@= yfxf 5}g � yfxf 5}g �

@=$ b}lgs vfg]kfgL cfjZos k"lt{ kfgL ;+sngaf/] lgDg lj:t[t ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ .

qm=;+= ljj/0f jiff{ ofddf ;'Vvf ofddf

k'?if dlxnf aflnsf Affns k'?if dlxnf aflnsf afns!= slt v]k÷k6s @= ln6/÷v]k #= s'n kl/df0f $= kfgL Nofpg nfUg] ;do -

ldg]6_÷v]k

• kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd k'Ug

• d'xfgdf kv{g' kg]{ ;do

• kms{bf nfUg] ;do

%= k|lt v]k nfUg] ;do gf]6 M cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] kfgLsf] efF8f] x]/L ;f]sf] Ifdtf olsg ul/ pNn]v ug]{ .

5

@=% efF8f dfem\g, g'xfpg / n'uf w'g tyf cGo sfdsf] nfuL s'g >f]ts]f kfgL k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < slt

kfgL vkt ug'{x'G5< s[kof lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

qm=;+=

jiff{ofdddf ln6/÷ b}lgs

;'Vvf ofddf ln6/÷ b}lgs

!= O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ � O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ � @= O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt � O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt � #= 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt � 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt � $= l8k 6\o"a]n � l8k 6\o"a]n � %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] � O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] � ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f � ;fj{hlgs wf/f � &= 3/s} lghL wf/f � 3/s} lghL wf/f � *= D"fn, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L � d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L � (= kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ � kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ � !)= cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ � cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ � !!= cGo � cGo � !@= Yfxf 5}g � Yfxf 5}g �

@=^ n'uf w'g / g'xfpg 3/af6 kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd hfg slt ;do nfUb5 . -olb >f]t÷d'xfg 5'§f5'§}

ePdf ;do -ldg]6df_ pNn]v ug]{_ s_ n'uf w'g hfg] g'xfpg efF8f dfem\g

v_ jiff{ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6 ;'Vvf ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6

@=& olb wf/fsf] kfgL oxfFsf] cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ug{ kof{Kt 5}g eg] s;/L cfk'lt{ ug'{ x'G5<

kfgLsf] >f]t kl/df0f ln6/

vr{g' kg]{ ;do -306f_ b}lgs Yfk vr{ dfl;s

s'jf Ogf/ cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng lghL 6}+s/af6 kfgL lsGg]

Xf08\ kDk,6\o'jj]n ldgn/ jf6/ hf/ cGo

@=* ufO{a:t'sf] nflu rflxg] kfgL s'g >f]taf6 slt dfqfdf pkef]u ug'{x'G5 .

s_ k|of]u ePsf] ;|f]t========================================================

v_ kl/df0f -ln6/÷b}lgs_ ================================================

u_ >f]t;Dd hfg cfpg nfUg] ;do -ldg]6_=========================

6

#= lghL wf/f h8fg

#=! s] tkfO{n] 3/df kfOk wf/f h8fg ug'{ ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg] slt vr{

nfUof]< ?=

#=@ s] tkfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f hf]8\g rfxg' x'G5 < rfxG5' rfxGg rfxg' x'G5 eg] s:tf]

k|sf/sf] wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5f /fVg' x'G5 <

s_ 3/leq lghL wf/f

v_ sDkfp08leq lghL wf/f

u_ ;fd'bflos wf/f

#=# olb tkfOsf] 3/df lghL wf/f h8fg ePsf] 5}g eg], lsg h8fg gu/]sf] <

s_ vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf]n]

v_ h8fg z'Ns w]/} kg]{ ePsf]n]

u_ dfl;s kfgL lan w]/} cfpg] ePsf]n]

3_ kfgLsf] dfqf kof{Kt gePsf]n]

ª_ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ lgoldt gePsf]n]

r_ o; If]qdf kfOknfOg h8fg ug{] Joj:yf pknAw gePsf]n]

5_ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] gePsf]n]

h_ cGo sf/0f pNn]v ug]{

em_ yfxf 5}g

#=$ xfn tkfO{n] kfghL wf/f afkt uPsf] dlxgfdf kfgLsf] dxz'n slt ltg'{ eof] < ?

#=% uPsf] dlxgfdf lt/]sf] lan b]vfpg ;Sg' x'G5 < -lan pknJw eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f eg]{_

s_ lt/]sf] /sd ? v_ vkt ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqf ln6/

#=^ kfgLsf] lan s'g cfwf/df ltg'{x'G5 < lrGx nufpg'xf];\ .

s_ dfl;s lglZrt tf]lsPsf] /sd

v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë adf]lhd

u_ vfg]kfgL sfof{non] eg] hlt

3_ ltg'{ kb]{g

ª_ cGo

r_ yfxf 5}g

#=& tkfO{nfO{ kfgLsf] lan ltg{ s'g tl/sf dg k5{ <

s_ lglZrt tf]lsPsf] dfl;s z'Ns

v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë lan cg';f/

#=* 3/sf] wf/fdf kfgL gcfpFbf klg kfgL dxz'n ltg'{ k5{ < k5{ kb}{g

7

#=( lghL wf/fsf] kfgL afx]s tkfO{n] slxn] yk kfgL lsGg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 <

jiff{ofddf ln6/ ;'Vvfofddf ln6/ kb}{g

#=!) lghL:t/sf kfgL laqm]tfaf6 lsGbf slt kl/df0f s'g b/df kfgL lsGg' ePsf] 5<

ln6/ ?= ÷k|lt ln6/sf] b/ ?=

#=!! tkfOsf] 3/sf] wf/f slt e/kbf]{ 5 <

s_ kfgL lg/Gt/ cfp5

v_ kfgL slxn] cfpF5 / slxn] cfpFb}g

u_ kfgL Ps lbg la/fP/ cfpF5

3_ kfgL k|To]s lbg s]xL 306f cfpF5

#=!@ vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL cj?4 x'bf dd{t ;Def/ ubf{ nfUg] vr{ Joxf]g]{ lhDdf s;sf] xf] <

s_ g]kfn ;/sf/

v_ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;/;kmfO ;ldlt

u_ ;d'bfo ÷ 5/ l5d]sL

3_ cGo pNn]v ug]{ =========================================================================

#=!# vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk÷wf/f dd{t ;'wf/sf] nflu jflif{s slt /sd vr{ ug'{x'G5 < u5'{ ulb{g

#=!$ ;fj{hlgs wf/f k|of]u u/] jfkt kfgL kf]t ltg'{ k5{<

kb}{g k5{ , k5{ eg] slt < /sd dfl;s÷jflif{s

#=!% kfgLsf] u'0f:t/M tkfO{n] k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/k|lt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g

olb 5}g eg], kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw ;d:of s:tf 5g <

c_ kfgL uGxfpF5

cf_ :jfb g/fd|f] 5

O_ kfgL k|b"lift÷wldnf] 5

O{_ cGo s]lx ;d:of eP pNn]v ug]{ ===================================

#=!^ o;/L k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ s] ug'{ x'G5

kfgLsf] k|zf]wgsf 3/]n' ljlw Yfk vr{ dfl;s pdfNg] lkmN6/ ug]{ 5fGg] Snf]l/g -lko';_, cfnd, kf]6f; o'/f] uf8{ ;f]l8; cGo

8

;x–nufgL cjwf/0ff ;DaGwL k|fyldstf

$=! olb tkfO{sf] gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;= df ljleGg of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ /sd pknAw 5 eg]

lgDglnlvt dWo] s'g s'g @ of]hgfnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'x'G5 <

s_ ;8s aQL

v_ sfnf]kq] ;8s

u_ ljBfno

3_ c:ktfn

ª_ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL

r_ k}bnofqL ;8s

5_ ljB't

h_ ;+rf/

em_ ;/;kmfO{÷;'ljwf

`_ l;rfO{

6_ kf6Lkf}jf wd{zfnf 7_ cGo ===============================

$=@ olb tkfO{ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ 7fGg' x'G5 eg], s:tf] lsl;dsf] vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] rfxgf ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

s_ 3/÷ sDkfp08leq} JolQmut÷lghL wf/f h8fg

u_ z'Ns ;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos wf/f h8fg

3_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, x\of08kDk hl8t

ª_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, ljB'tLo oGq hl8t

r_ xfn pknJw ;]jfdf ;'wf/ cfjZos 5}g

5_ cGo -pNn]v ug'{xf];\_=======================================

$=# olb tkfO{sf] 3/df wf/f 5}g / lghL wf/f /fVg OR5's x'g'x'G5 eg], slt /sd ;x–nufgL ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < s[kof tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf lglh wf/f /fVg slt /sd ;Dd nufgL ug'{x'G5 nufgLsf] /sdsf] ;Ldfdf lrGx nufpg'xf]; .

qm=;+= nufgLsf] ljj/0f lrGx nufpg]!= !%))) eGbf dfyL @= ())! b]lv !%))) ;Dd #= ^))! b]lv ())) ;Dd $= #))! b]lv ^))) ;Dd %= !%)! b]lv #))) ;Dd ^= !%)) eGbf sd

$=$ lghL wf/f h8fg afkt nfUg] z'Ns Joxf]g'{ kg]{5< dGh'/ 5 dGh'/ 5}g

$=% gofF vfg]kfgL of]hgf z'? ePdf / ;f] of]hgfaf6 rf}lj;} 306f kof{Kt dfqfdf u'0f:t/o'Qm kfgL pknJw ePsf] v08df s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5's x'g' x'G5< 5' 5}g

olb OR5's eP gofF lgodfg';f/ dfl;s kfgL dxz'n lgoldt a'´fpg' x'G5< 5' 5}g olb OR5's x'g' x'G5 eg] tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf kfgL dxz'nsf] ;Ldfdf

lrGx nufP/ cfkm\gf] O{R5f JoQm ug'{xf]; .

9

qm=;+= Dffl;s kfgL dxz'n lrGx nufpg]!= ? %)) eGbf dfyL @= ? $%! b]lv %)) #= ? $)! b]lv $%) $= ? #%! b]lv $)) %= ? #)! b]lv #%) ^= ? @%! b]lv #)) ^= ? @)! b]lv @%) &= ? !%! b]lv @))

$=^ gofF vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf x'g tkfO{sf] kl/jf/af6 klg k|ltj4tf :j?k clu|d /sd of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5, oxfFsf] ljrf/df slt k|ltzt of]ubfg x'g ;S5<

nfutsf] %Ü !)Ü !%Ü

$=& gofF ;/;kmfO{ ;'ljwf -;fd'bflos zf}rfno tyf ;txL 9n_ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;x nufgL :j?k

!%Ü :yfgLo lgsfo / pkef]Qmfn] ;xnufgL ug{ OR5's x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g

olb rfxg'x'G5 eg], slt ;Dd <

$=* oxfFnfO{ geO gx'g] tyf eP /fd|f] x'g] k|fylds cfjZostf s'g xf]<

lghL wf/f h8fg lghL rkL{ lgdf{0f b'j}

%=n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 dlxnf ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df,

nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu dfq ;f]lwg] k|Zgx?_

s_ dlxnfx?sf] pkl:ylt / ;xefuLtf

%=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{ s'g} a}7s af]nfO{Psf] lyof] <

lyof] lyPg

%=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof] <

lyof] lyPg

olb lyof] eg] dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] lyof] <

;'Gg] dfq cGtlqm{ofTds lg0ff{os

%=# cfof]hgfsf] lqmofsnfkx?sf] /]vb]v ug{ s] vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{

;ldlt÷;+:yf u7g ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g

%=$ vf=kf=p=;=;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo] slt dlxnf ;b:ox? 5g\< -cGtjf{tf lng]

JolQmn] vf=kf=p=;=;=l;t ;ldltsf] kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL tyf

tnlj sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L pknJw u/fpg] _

10

v_ n}lËstfsf cfwf/df sfo{ ljefhg

%=% tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] sfdx? cS;/ s:n] ug]{ ub{5< (√)lrGx nufpg';\

b}lgs 306fdf

qm=;+ 3/fol; lqmofsnfkx? k'?if Dflxnf s'n ;do

! Vffg]kfgL eg]{, af]Sg], e08f/0f / k|of]u ug]{

@ efG5f tof/ ug]{, ef8fF dfem\g

# Affnaflnsf / j[4j[4fsf] :ofxf/

$ n'uf w'g] 3/ ;kmf ug]{

% vfBfGg e08f/0f tyf tof/L

^ cGo

u_ kfl/jfl/s Joj:yfkg, cfo >f]t / cGo ljifodf dlxnfx?sf] lgoGq0f / kx'Fr

%=^ tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]lvt kfl/jf/Ls ljifo jf If]qx?df lg0f{o ubf{ oxfFsf] 3/ kl/jf/df dlxnf÷k'?ifsf] egfO{sf] ;'g'jfO{ x'G5 < pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\

qm=;+ ljifo jf sfo{If]qx? x'G5 (√) x'b}g (√)

! cfly{s ;/f]sf/sf s'/fx?

@ s]6fs]6Lsf] lzIff lbIff

# s]6fs]6L / j[4j[4fsf] :jf:Yo / :ofxf/

$ crn ;Dklt lsgj]r -3/ hUuf_

% b}lgs lqmofsnfkx?

^ ;fdflhs ljlw Jojxf/, ljjfx, at{jGw, rf8kj{

tyf ;fdflhs÷kfl/jf/Ls ;';DjGwg cflb

& cGo

%=& oxfFsf] kl/jf/df kfl/jf/Ls ;Dkltsf lgDg ljifodf dlxnfsf] kxF'r / :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 5}g tnsf] tflnsfdf pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\

qm ;+ ljj/0f kx'Fr :jfldTj ! hUuf hldg @ 3/ tyf cGo ;+/rgfx? # rn ;Dklt÷;l+rt k};f $ B}lgs lqmofsnfkx? % cGo

3_ vf=kf=p=;=;= tyf ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] :t/ -x}l;ot_ -lgDg a'Fbfx? cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn]

u/]sf] cjnf]sgsf cfwf/ x'g]5 _

qm;+ ljifo pRr dWod lgDg ! cfTd;Ddfgaf]w

@ cfTdljZjf; g]t[Tj zLk # bfloTjaf]w / Ifdtf $ Nofst, ts{ ;+ut, w}o{ / d]xgt % cGo

11

^= ;d ljsf;df kx'Frsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{sf,] cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt tyf k5fl8

k/]sf ju{sf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x

5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ;f]Wg] k|Zgx?_

s_ cfof]hgf lqmofsnfkdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{x?, hfthflt, blnt, ckfËtf ePsf]

JolQmsf] pkl:ylt

^=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{] s'g} e]nf÷a}7sdf ;dfj]zL tj/n] af]nfO{Psf] lyof] <

lyof] lyPg

^=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df ;xefuLx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof]<

lyof] lyPg

^=# s] vf=kf=p=;=;=sf] u7gdf ;dfj]zLtf c+uLsf/ ePsf] lyof]< lyof] lyPg

v_ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;dfj]zL k|s[of ckgfPsf] lyof] <

^=$ cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ hfthfltx?sf] s:tf] e"ldsf s:tf] lyof] <

pRr dWod lgDg

^=% ;fgf ;x/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL cfwf/df

pkef]Qmfx?sf] kl/rfng ug{ ePsf] k|of; s:tf] lyof]<

/fd|f] dWod lgDg

&= :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO s= vfg]kfgL

! tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ g/fd|f] -v/fa_ ePdf s] ;d:ofx? b]lvg ;S5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! b'u{Gw cfpg] ÷ gld7f] :jfb

!=@ bfFt ljlu|g]÷/+uLg]

!=# la/fdL agfpg]

!=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ =================

@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ kfgL eg]{ / /fVg] efF8f] kfgL eg'{ / e08f/ ug'{ k"j{ ;kmf ug'{k5{ eGg]

yfxf 5 < 5 5}g

olb 5 eg], kfgL /fVg] efF8f] s;/L ;kmf ug'{ x'G5 <

vfnL kfgL dfqn] v/fgL kfgLn] e';÷lk7f] / kfgLn]

;fa'g kfgLn] cGo -pNn]v ug'{;\_ =============================

#= tkfO{ 3/df kfgL s;/L /fVg' x'G5 <

-Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

12

#=! kfgL eg'{ klxn] efF8f ;kmf ug]{

#=@ af;L kfgL km\ofFSg]

#=# kfgL /fVg] efF8f] /fd|f];Fu 9fs]/÷5f]k]/ /fVg]

#=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_============================

$= tkfO{ ufu|f] jf 3}+6f]af6 kfgL s;/L lgsfNg'x'G5 <

$=! kfgL ;fg'{ cl3 cDvf]/f, nf}6f, s?jf, du wf]P/

$=@ lunf;, du, sk ufu|Ldf 8'afP/

$=# ufu|f]af6 nf]6f, c+Dvf]/f, s?jf, lunf;df kfgL ;f/]/

$=$= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ===============================

v= rkL{

!= rkL{ k|of]usf kmfO{bfx? s] s] 5g\ < -PseGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

!=! a'9f, afns tyf la/fdLnfO{ ;'ljwf

!=@ 3/ tyf jftfj/0f ;kmf x'g]

!=# uf]Kotf x'g]

!=$ /f]uaf6 arfj6 x'g]

!=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_===================================

@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ lb;faf6 /f]u ;5{ eGg] nfU5 < nfU5 nfUb}g

olb nfU5 eg], dflg;sf] lb;faf6 ;g]{ /f]ux?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ < ================================

#= s] tkfO{Fsf] 3/df rkL{ 5 < 5 5}g

#=! olb 5 eg], s:tf] k|sf/sf] rkL{ 5 <

! vfN8] rkL{

@ e]lG6n]6]8 vfN8] rkL{

# jf6/ l;n÷kf]/ km\n;

$ l;:6g{ km\n;

% cGo =================

#=@ olb 5 eg], tkfOF{sf] 3/df rkL{ s;s;n] k|of]u ug'{x'G5 <

-!= ;a}n], @= aRrf afx]s ;a}n] #= jo:s / k|f}9n] dfq} $= lj/fdL dfq}n]_

#=# olb 5}g eg], lsg rkL{ gagfpg' ePsf] xf] <

-s= agfpg] tl/sf yfxf geP/, v= nufgL ug{ g;s]/, u= v'Nnf d}bfgdf lb;f ug]{ afgL eP/, 3=

hUufsf] cefjn] ª cGo -pNn]v ug]{+_===============_

#=$ olb 5}g eg,] lb;f ug{ sxfF hfg'x'G5 <

-s= Vff]nf÷hËn÷lsgf/ v= v'Nnf d}bfg÷7fpF u= 3/÷;8s 5]p 3= hxfF ;lhnf] x'G5_

#=% olb 5}g eg], rkL{ agfpg slt nufgL ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 < ?=

u= vfg]s'/fsf] ;/;kmfO

!= vfBkbfy{ b"lift x'gaf6 s;/L arfpg'x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg;Sg]_

!=! ksfPsf] vfgf 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg]

!=@ af;L aRg] u/L w]/} gksfP/

!=# sfFr} vfOg] vfg]s'/f /fd|f];Fu kvfn]/ wf]P/ dfq vfg]

13

!=$ xft uf]8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq efG;fdf k;]/

!=% ;kmf xftn] vfgf k:sg]

!=^ 8f8' kGo', yfn÷efF8fs'F8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq vfgf k:sg]÷vfg]

!=& r'nf] rf}sL ksfpg] ef8f, 9sgx? ;kmf /fVg]

!=* w]/} af;L jf ;8] un]sf kmnkm'n t/sf/L gvfg]

@= s] tkfO{ vfg]s'/f 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg'x'G5 < /fV5' /flVbg

olb /fVg'x'G5 eg], To;af6 s] s] kmfObfx? 5g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

@=! w'nf] d}nf], lem+uf, ;fËnf, ls/f, tyf 3/kfn'jf kz'kG5Laf6 arfj6

@=@ d";f÷5'r'Gb|f]÷dfp;'ln÷la/fnf]af6 aRg

@=# vfB k|b'if0faf6 x'g] /f]uaf6 aRg

@=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_=====================================

hLjghn agfpg] tl/sf yfxf 5 5}g ;f]Wg], olb yfxf ePdf ;lx tl/sfn] hLjghn agfpg] . hLjghn agfpg] ;lx tl/sf lgDgcg';f/sf] 5 .

!= klxnf ;fa'g kflgn] xft ;kmf ug]{, @= lrof lunf;sf] ^ lunf; -Ps ln6/_ kfgL Pp6f ;kmf efF8f]df xfNg] -olb kfgL pdfn]sf] ePdf ;]nfpg lbg]_, #=hLjghnsf] Ps Kofs]6leq ePsf] w'nf] k"/} kfgLdf xfnL kfgLnfO{ /fd|/L rnfP/ w'nf]nfO{ 3'Ng lbg] .

3= JolQmut ;/;kmfO

!= tkfO{F / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] / s] u/]kl5 xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g] eP o:tf] - _ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

qm=;+=

lqmofsnfk

% jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf

dlxnf

k'?if

w'g] - _ gw'g] -×_ w'g] - _ gw'g] -×_ w'g] - _ gw'g] -×_ ! vfgf vfg' cl3 @ vfgf vfPkl5 # lb;f uPkl5 $ kmf]x/ d}nf 5f]Pkl5 % sfdaf6 kms]{kl5 ^ s]6fs]6LnfO{ lb;f

lk;fj u/fO ;s]kl5

& cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ @= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] s] n] xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g]df o:tf] - _ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ /

gw'g]df o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; .

qm=;+=

lqmofsnfk % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf

dlxnf

k'?if

w'g] - _ gw'g] -×_ w'g] - _ gw'g] -×_ w'g] - _ gw'g] -×_ != kfgL dfq} @= v/fgL kfgL #= e';÷lk7f] kfgL $= ;fa'g kfgL %= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_

hDdf

14

#= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] slxn] g'xfpg'x'G5 < g'xfpg] eP o:tf] - _ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gg'xfpg] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; .

qm=;+= k|lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if - _ -×_ - _ -×_ - _ -×_

!= k|To]s lbg @= Ps lbg la/fP/ #= xKtfdf @ k6s $= xKtfdf ! k6s %= @ xKtfdf ! k6s ^= dlxgfdf Ps k6s

hDdf

ª= kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg

!= tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] 7f]; kmf]x/ d}nf sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <

!=! 3/ glhs vfN8f]df

!=@ lghL kmf]x/ ;+sngstf{nfO{ lbg] !=# uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsfn] Joj:yf u/]sf] vfN8f] jf Sofgdf !=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ =================================================== @= 7f]; tyf t/n kmf]x/ j:t'nfO{ cJojl:yt tl/sfn] lj;h{g ugf{n] x'g] g/fd|f c;/x? s] s]

x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

@=! kmf]xf]/ jftfj/0fdf j[l4

@=@ nfdv'§], lem+uf, ls/fx?sf] j[l4

@=# /f]u ;g]{df j[l4

@=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ========================================

#= tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ kfgL sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <

#=! vfN8f]df (Soak pit)

#=@ t/sf/L af/Ldf÷s/];f af/Ldf

#=# ;fj{hlgs 9ndf

#=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ==========================================

r= j:t'efpsf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg

!= s] tkfO{n] a:t'efp kfNg' ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g -olb 5}g eg] kfgL hGo ;?jf /f]udf hfg]_

olb 5 eg] s'g s'g k|sf/sf 5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ sxfF /fVg' x'G5 <

qm= ;+=

a:t'efpsf] k|sf/ 3/leq} /fVg] aflx/ 5'§} uf]7df /fVg]

! ufO{÷e}+;L @ a+u'/÷;+u'/ # afv|f $ s'v'/f÷xfF; % cGo

15

@= a:t'efpaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ sxfF / s;/L lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <

@=! dnvfbdf

@=@ cfuf] afNg]÷u'OF{7f agfpg]

@=# uf]j/ Uof; KnfG6df k|of]u ug]{

@=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======================================

#= j:t'efpsf] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] hyfeflj cJojl:yt tj/n] lj;h{g ubf{ x'g] v/fj c;/x? s] s] x'g\ <

-Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

#=! jftfj/0fL kmf]xf]/df j[l4 x'g]

#=@ nfdv'§,] lem+uf, ls/fx?s]f j[l4 x'g]

#=# /f]uAoflw j9\g] tyf ;g]{

#=$ ufFp, 5/l5d]s tyf gu/ czf]elgo b]lvg]

#=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ========================================

5= kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]ux?

!= kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]usf] sf/0fx? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_

!=! b"lift kfgL k|of]u ubf{

!=@ b"lift vfgf vfFbf

!=# 3/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf kmf]x/ a9\gfn]

!=$ dflg;sf] dnd"q hyfefjL km\ofSg] ubf{

!=% kmf]xf]/ d}nf hyfefjL km\ofFSg] ubf{

!=^ :jf:Yo lzIff tyf :j:y afgLsf] cefj

!=& ;/;kmfO{ / :jf:Yo ;DjGwL 1fg / r]tgfsf] cefjn]

!=* cGo ======================================================================================

@= tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/df sf]xL la/fdL k/]df s] ug'{x'G5 <-k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_

@=! 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{

@=@ wfdL, emfFqmL, k'hf/L sxfF nfg]

@=# cf}iflw k;ndf hfg]

@=$ :Jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg]

@=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_

#= olb kl/jf/df s;}nfO{ emf8fkvfnf nfu]df s] ug'{x'G5 < -k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_

#=! hLjghn v'jfpg]

#=@ 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{

#=# wfdL, emf+qmL jf k'hf/L sxfF hfg]

#=$ cf}iflw k;ndf hfg]

#=% :jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg]

16

#=^ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_==========================

$= ut Ps jif{leq kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? tnsf /f]ux? dWo] s'g s'g /f]uaf6 lj/fdL eP< -df]la{l8l6

sf] l:ylt_

%= tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df kfgLhGo lgDglnlvt ;?jf /f]uaf6 sf]lx lj/fdL k/]sf] lyof]< tnsf] tflnsfdf

;+Vof pNn]v ug'{;\ .

^= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{sf kl/jf/df sf]xL emf8f kvfnf tyf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?af6

d[To' ePsf] 5 < -d[To' cj:yf_

/f]u % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if

emf8f kvfnf cfpF kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?

hDdf

&= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ emf8fkvfnf / kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?sf]

pkrf/df slt /sd vr{ ug'{ eof] <

/f]u Vfr{ /sd -?=df_ @))) ;Dd @))!—#))) #))!—%))) %))) eGbf dfly

emf8fkvfnf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?

hDdf

;xof]usf nfuL wGojfb!

qm= ;+= /f]u % jif{ d'lgsf

afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if

jflif{s

vr{ ?=

! emf8fkvfnf

@ cfpF

# h'sf

$ 6fO{kmfO{8

% x}hf

^ 5fnf ;DaGwL /f]u

& cf}nf]/f]u -dn]l/of_

* sdnlkQ -h08L;_

( cGo

hDdf

December, 2010

Initial Environmental Examination

for

Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and

Sanitation Project, Repandehi District

Batch I (Package II)

(ADB Grant-0157 (NEP)

TERMS OF REFERENCE

Governent of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works


Secod Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitatin Sector Project

Project Management Office Panipokhari, Kathmandu

SSTWSSSP: Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE

i

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ADB : Asian Development Bank

amsl : Above Mean Seal Level

DI : Ductile Iron

Dia. : Diameter

DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant

EDC : Engineering Design Consultant

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EPA : Environmental Protection Act

EPR : Environmental Protection Rule

GI : Galvanised Iron

GoN : Government of Nepal

HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe

HHs : Households

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

lpcd : Liter per capita per day

lps : Litre per second

MPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works

NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard

NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority

NGO : Non-government Office

Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees

O&M : Operation and Maintenance

OD : Outer diameter

PMC : Project Management Consultant

PMO : Project Management Office

SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

TDF : Town Development Fund

VAT : Value Added Tax

VDC : Village Development Committee

WHO : World Health Organisation

WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office

WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee


ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS I

TABLE OF CONTENTS III

CHAPTER I NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARNG THE PROJECT ......................... 3

CHAPTER II BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ROJECT ....................................................... 4

2.1 RELEVANCY OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................. 4 2.2 BACKGROUD AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................. 5 2.3 BASELINE CONDITION OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................ 8

2.3.1 Water Supply System ......................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2 Sanitation System............................................................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Solid Waste Management System ...................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER III PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED WHILE PREPARING THE REPORT ............................... 9

3.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 9 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................... 10 3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASSESSMENT .................................................................. 10

CHAPTER IV POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, AND DIRECTIVES .................................................................. 11

CHAPTER V TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED ........................................... 12

5.1 TIME ............................................................................................................................................. 12 5.2 ESTIMATED BUDGET .................................................................................................................. 12 5.3 SPECIALISTS REQUIRED ................................................................................................................... 12

CHAPTER VI ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT ............... 13

6.1 PHYSICAL IMPACTS .................................................................................................................... 13 6.2 BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ................................................................................................................ 13 6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS .......................................................................... 14

CHAPTER VII ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT .................................... 15

CHAPTER VIII MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................ 16

CHAPTER IX MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT ........................ 17

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................... 17 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .................................................................................................. 17 9.3 INFORATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ................................................... 18 9.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................................................................... 19

CHAPTER X REPORT .............................................................................................................................. 20

CHAPTER XI RELEVANT INFORMATION ............................................................................................... 21


3

CHAPTER I

NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARNG THE PROJECT

The Environment Protection Regulations of 1997 (amended in 2007) mentions that a ToR for an IEE

is required.

This ToR is prepared to carry out Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Karahiya-Makrahar

Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Rupandehi District. The project proponent, STWSSSP

of Government of Nepal, Ministry Of Physical Panning and Works. Department of Water Supply and

Sewerage (DWSS) is responsible for the preparation of IEE report.

Name of Proponent:


Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project


Ministry of Physical Panning and Works

Government of Nepal

Address of the Proponent:

Panipokari, Kathmandu

Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348

Fax: 977 1 4413280


Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np


4

CHAPTER II

BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ROJECT

2.1 RELEVANCY OF THE PROJECT

It is required to carry out environmental analysis of the project considering provisions mentioned in the Environmental Protection Act 1997 and Environmental protection Regulations 1997 (Amendments 1999 and 2007). The EPA (1997) and The EPR (1997 as amended, 1998), recommend/ mandate EIA, IEE studies depending upon the nature of the water supply schemes (EPR, 1997, Rule 3 and Annex 1 and 2). The revised environmental rules published on 20sept, 2007 is also used to determine the criteria for the IEE or EIA of the project.

The proposed Karahiya-Makarshar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project supplies water to

more than 5000 but less than 50,000 populations by Ground water source pumping from one tube

well with less than 25lps discharge. The project requires IEE studies as per the GoN/ EPR

provisions.

The project is proposed to serve a present population of 10,154 nos. The project shall be using ground water sources. The treatment capacity of the unit for new sources is less than 25 lps. Only one tube well of 15.35 lps capacity is kept in project scope and another tube of test boring will be used. The project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households, and construction of river training works is not required. The following table compares the status of the project against criteria defined by EPA and EPR for which a drinking water project would require an IEE or EIA.

a. The Supply drinking water from new source for design population 20,436 (i.e. between 5,000 to 50,000), criteria satisfy but the system is augmentation of flow and rehabilitation one.

An IEE is required.

b. Augmentation of new water source in existing system population 20, 436 (i.e. between 10,000 to 100,000), the system is augmentation of flow.

The scheme is new one.

c. Treatment/ processing system and its capacity is 15.35lps from one tube well, its capacity is less than 25 litres per second. The test tube well abstract 15.35 lps from test tube well and supplies directly into the distribution system. Course gravel bed is kept as filter.

An IEE is required.

d. Project Cost. The scheme cost is estimated Nrs. 131,867172.36 (IEE required when the project cost is in between 50 million to 250 million rupees)

An IEE is required.

e. The project location in relation to environmental sensitive area. The scheme will not be located in any defined protected area or environmental sensitive area.

No environmental assessment (IEE or EIA) is required

f. Displacement of people. The scheme is unlikely to displace the people.

No environmental assessment (IEE or EIA) is required

g. Construction of water conveyance tunnel Not applicable- no environmental assessment (IEE or EIA) is required

h. Recharging groundwater aquifer for the purpose of developing groundwater resources

Not applicable- no environmental assessment (IEE or EIA) is required

Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.


5

2.2 BACKGROUD AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

The Karahiya Makarahar town is situated in two VDCs such as Karahiya VDC and Makarahar VDC

of Rupendehi district of Lumbini Zone, which lies in western Development Region. Geographically

the location of the project area lies in latitude 27۠0 - 35’ - 36” to 27۠

0- 40’ - 0” N and longitude 83

0 – 29’

– 23” E and altitude 133m to 119m from average mean sea level (amsl). It is surrounded by

Devdaha VDC to the North, Madhabaliya, Gangoliya and Siktaban VDC in the south, Kerabani to the

east and Anandaban and Tikuligadha in the west. The project area is at a distance of 20 km from the

district headquarter Bhairahwa and 12km from Butwal.

The climate of the project area is tropical. The average minimum and maximum temperatures during

summer fluctuates between 34° C & 41° C and in wint er season it is in the range of 8° C to 22° C.

The relative humidity is about 96-58 %. The average annual rainfall estimated is 1269-1822 mm,

which is slightly higher than 1,400 mm average precipitation of Nepal.. The maximum rain fall within

24 hours is 80-96 mm as recorded in the nearest rain gauge station at Bhairahawa Airport.

The service area of Karahiya Makarahar Water Supply and Sanitation Project covers settlements of

ward nos. 2 (North side of Behuri),3 (South side of Behuri), 4 (Debdaha Marga – Bhawanipur,

Mahubari Chowk, Jamuhani, Police Chauki), 5 (Budhabare Gaun), and 7 (Chauki Danda, Kumari

Gaun) of Makarahar VDC and ward nos. 6 (Haraiya Gaun, Bargduwa, Sakhuwai), 7 (Simara bazaar,

Darshan Tole) and 8 (Jagriti Nagar, Deep Nagar, Pradeep Nagar Danda, Shivapur Chowk,

Suryapura) of Karahiya VDC.

The present population in the proposed service area is 10, 835 (including 10,154 permanent and 681

rental) in 1,768 HHs. The projected permanent population at the end of design year 2027 from this

survey year 2010 (1 year survey and design + 2 year construction + 15 years project life) has been

calculated to be as 20,436 with average annual growth rate of 4.2%.

The project shall comprise with two major components. The first component is water supply services

which include development of new water supply project, construction of water treatment facilities and

storage tanks/ service reservoir, expansion of transmission and distribution systems in required

extent. The second component is sanitation services, which include public toilets, sludge drying bed

for septic tank and sludge disposal is to be provided in the town through an integrated approach.

Similarly, wastewater management systems need to be included in the agreed towns. The solid

waste management activities, construction of drainage system in the town core area and provision of

Output Based Aid (OBA) to the service providers are also included in the town project. The project

details have been presented in Salient Features:


6

SALIENT FEATURES

1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project

2. Scheme Name: Karahiya Makarahar Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Rupandehi

3. Service Area: The service area lies in Karahiya and Makarahar VDC. The settlements are:

Makarahar VDC:

� Ward 2: North side of Behuri

� Ward 3: South side of Behuri

� Ward 4: Debdaha Marga – Bhawanipur, Mahubari Chowk, Jamuhani, Police Chauki

� Ward 5: Budhabare Gaun

� Ward 7: Chauki Danda, Kumari Gaun,

Karahiya VDC:

� Ward 6: Haraiya Gaun, Bargduwa, Sakhuwai

� Ward 7: Simara bazaar, Darshan Tole

� Ward 8: Jagriti Nagar, Deep Nagar, Pradeep Nagar Danda, Shivapur Chowk, Suryapura

4. Scheme Type: Pumping system

5. Designed Flow (lps): (22 hour pumping per day) 30.70

Designed flow for distribution system(lps) 28.10

Supplied from test tube well (lps): 15.35

Required from new groundwater pumping System (lps): 15.35

6. Source Discharge Measurement

Proposed Sources Measured Discharge Safe Yield Tapped Flow

lps. lps. lps.

From test tube well - - 15.35

From new tube well 15.35

7. Design Period: 15 Years (1 year preparation, 2 year construction and 15 years design period).

8. Household No. - Survey Year: 1,768

9. Growth Rate: 4.2% per annum.

10. Population: Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027

10,154 11,488 20,436

11. Water Demand at design year (lpd)

Domestic: 2,043,565

Non-domestic demand (adopt 8 % of domestic demand, which includes

rental population demand, Institutional demand, Industrial/


7

Commercial demand, filter backwash demand, fire demand etc.) 163,485

Leakage and wastage (10%): 220,705

Total: 2,427,755

12. Structures required

Intake Type

Deep Tube Well (1 test tube well, 1 new proposed) 2

Pump house 1

Pump house cum Generator house 1

Pipe length (m)

Transmission main 627.68m

Distribution main 56,860.66 m

Pipe Size

Transmission Main

DI (M) (mm) 150-200

Distribution main:

HDPE (mm) 50 – 160

GI(M) (mm) 40 -100

DI (M) (mm) 125 - 250

Aerator (no) 1

Ground storage (No/ cum cap. cum) 1nos of 650 cum

OH Reservoir (No/ cum capacity cum) 1no of 250cum

Control Valve Chamber (No.) 50

HH and Institutional connection 1,736

Community tap stand post in 1% of total HH (No) 3

(1 community tap for each 6HH)

Institutional connection 9

13. Sanitation Component

Institutional/ School toilet 2nos

14. Estimated project cost for water supply component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068:

Total (10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT): 137,764,206.62

15. Estimated project cost for sanitation component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068:

Total (including 5 % contingencies, 10% price adjustment

and 10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT) 3,220,107.87

GoN (85%) 2,737,091.69

Contribution from Local bodies/ users (15%) 483,016.18

16. Overall Sanitation Component Cost after Conceptual Design (Both Sewer and Surface

Drainage) 604,334,518.54


8

2.3 BASELINE CONDITION OF THE PROJECT

2.3.1 Water Supply System

There is no improved drinking water supply system built within the project area. The only source of

water supply for the population is ground water. They are fetching water through shallow tube well of

18 to 26ft depth where the tapped aquifer is easily susceptible to pollution and contamination. No

sanitary protection has been provided in these hand pumps. Most of these hand pumps are installed

by villagers themselves, a few of them by concerned VDC. Even these shallow tube wells remain

functional hardly for seven to eight months in a year.

Most of the shallow tube wells in Karahiya in ward no-8, are not functioning due to unexpected draw

down in ground water table. People from these areas are purchasing water paying Nrs. 2200 to Nrs.

2500 per tanker of capacity eight thousand liters. In an average every house hold spends around Rs.

1200 to Rs. 2500 per month for purchasing water. Out of the total shallow tube-wells, more than 50%

tube-wells are partially functioning. The yield / flow of existing deep tube well installed at Karahiya-7

Semara Bazzar for irrigation purpose with the assistance of Department of Irrigation through

Bhairahawa-Lumbini Ground Water Project Division no. 6 is found constant.

Based upon the available information the estimated consumption was 12.22 lpcd and 13.02 LPCD in

dry season and wet season respectively which is lower than the basic service level standards of the

GoN’s on Water Supply and Sanitation.

2.3.2 Sanitation System

The sanitary situation of project area is found reasonably satisfactory. More than 90% of households

in this project area have their own private latrine facilities. Some of the latrines have septic tanks. But

there are mostly ventilated improved pit latrines. Many of these latrines built in the houses as well as

in the schools are not maintained properly.

There is open surface drainage facility available so far in the service area of Karahiya Makarhar. The

project area is flat terrain with mild slope towards the so. No water logging is apparent in rainy

season. There is ample space and are sufficient outlet points to drain off the storm water naturally.

The core area of project lies in east west direction along the main feeder road which has storm

drains facility. This drain is working perfectly and does not need further surface drains facility. The

outlets of the septic tanks have not been connected to the drain.

2.3.3 Solid Waste Management System

There is not any system to manage solid waste generated in the service area. Since quantity of solid

waste from the individual household is not large, it is managed by community themselves. The

wastage is used for fertilizer in kitchen garden.


9

CHAPTER III

PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED WHILE PREPARING THE REPORT

3.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY

The IEE approach, methodology and procedure should generally follow the provisions of the EPA &

EPR and related national and sectoral guidelines. The approach /methodology to be used for

conducting the IEE include review of literature, simple survey/ inspections/ observations making

simple measurements, discussion with communities and other stakeholders, and IEE team

judgment.

a. Literature review: published and unpublished readily available relevant information should be

reviewed. The potential sources of information include, but not limited to; topographical maps,

publications of DDC, District Forest Office, District Soil Conservation Office, District Agriculture

Office, District Irrigation Office, District Water Supply Office, District Livestock Services Office,

and NGOs. Moreover, the reports related to scheme (e.g. Feasibility Study Report, consultation

report and any other relevant report) should be considered in preparing IEE report.

b. Walk-through survey: The IEE team will walk-through the service area, scheme component

sites and visit the significant environmental features in the probable influence area, and make

necessary measurements, inspect/ observe and discuss it with the local stakeholders.

c. Focus Group Discussion (FGD): The team conduct shall consult with the local communities

and other stakeholders, and organize FGD with them.

The project proponent shall adopt the methodology in following sequence of activities to accomplish

the assignment.

• Complete the Rapid Assessment Checklist for each subproject. It should cover water supply, sewerage, solid waste and urban development sub-projects.

• Prepare a comprehensive database on the corridor of influence on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment.

• Secondary data will have to be collected from published and unpublished reports, maps, aerial photographs, newspaper articles, etc. from different Governmental and non-governmental organisations.

• Questionnaires/checklists/matrices for collection of primary data will be prepared for both the physical, biological and socio-economic assessments.

• The Consultant will provide a description of relevant parts of the Project, using maps with appropriate scale and photographs and aerial photos where necessary, including the following information: location, alignment and alternatives, design standards, pre-construction activities, construction activities, post-construction activities, work schedule, staffing and support facilities and services.

• Information on mitigation costs associated with construction activities (during design, construction and operation and maintenance activities) should also be included.


10

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

The IEE should consider the likely environmental consequences that may arise as a result of the

proposed upgrading/ improvement during the construction as well as operation periods. The existing

environmental constraints and potential impacts in the Project area have to be studied through field

surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with a number of

government officials, representatives of NGOs and International Organisations’ (IOs) supported

projects and researches.

The Consultant will collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant

environmental characteristics of the area along the pipeline routes and its corridor of influence,

including the following information:

(a) Physical Environment: topography, soils, climate and meteorology, geology, surface and

ground water hydrology, noise, air and water quality

(b) Biological Environment: flora, fauna, rare and endangered species, religious trees and sensitive habitats (including parks or reserves)

The Consultant will develop all necessary documents for field visit and collect data with the help of the survey team. It is suggested that the IEE team go to the field and work as a team and not dispersed at different times.

3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASSESSMENT

Socio-economic and cultural assessment of the projects shall be carried out to determine the

implications (issues) in terms of assumed positive and negative impacts related to location, design,

construction and operation. Since preparation and actual implementation of the construction

activities will create some nuisance and inconvenience for the communities in the area, these

impacts have to be duly considered.

Primary data should be obtained through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with communities along

the pipeline routes under consideration. Additional data should be collected from the various

Committees (VDCs, DDCs, NGOs, community groups etc.) through whose territory the respective

pipe alignments pass.


11

CHAPTER IV

POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, AND DIRECTIVES

Since the proposed project has to comply with the national legislation besides other relevant

legislations, the Consultant shall describe the pertinent regulations and standards that govern

environmental quality, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas and endangered species etc.

at international, regional, district, VDC and Ward levels.

Nepal is a signatory to many international conventions, including those concerning habitat, bio-

diversity and cultural heritage protection. These issues should be considered during the IEE and

their avoidance/ mitigation measures should be identified.

The IEE should also be conducted in compliance with the following Law, Policies, Acts, Regulations

Standard and Guidelines:

Law:

• The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2008

Policies:

• Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Policy, Strategy and Action Plan 2060 B.S. (2004 A.D.)

• Three Year Interim Plan 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)

• Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Policy 2066 B.S. (2009 A.D.)

• ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement” (SPS) 2066 B.S. ( 2009 A.D.).

Act and Regulations

• Land Acquisition Act 2034 B.S. (1978 A.D.)

• Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Acts 2044 (1987)

• Solid Waste (management and Resource Mobilization) Rules 2047 (1990)

• Water Resources Act 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

• Water Tax Act 2023 (1966)

• Water Resources Regulation 2050 B.S. (1993)

• Labor Act 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

• Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.)

• Forest Regulations, 2050 . (1993 A.D.)

• Environment Protection Act, 2053 B.S. (1997 A.D.))

• Environment Protection Regulations, 2054 (1997 A.D.) with Amendment

• Local Self Governance Act 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.)

• Local Self Governance Regulation 2056 B.S. (2000 A.D.)

• Drinking Water Regulation 2055 B.S. (1998 A.D.)

• Child Labor Prohibition and Regulation Act 2056 B.S. (2001 A.D.)

• Town Development Act 2045B.S. (1988A.D.) Standards and Guidelines

• National EIA Guidelines, 2050 (1993

• National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2062 B.S. (2005 A.D.)

• Water Resources Strategy, 2055 B.S. (2002 A.D.)


12

CHAPTER V

TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED

5.1 TIME

After the approval of the ToR, it is expected that the approximate time needed to complete the final

IEE report will be 6 weeks as follows:

ACTIVITY DURATION

1. Desk-top study 1 week

2. Field study 2 weeks

3. Data compilation 1 week

4. Draft IEE Report 1 week

5. Final IEE Report 1 week

5.2 ESTIMATED BUDGET

A budget of approximately Rs. 300,000.00 will be required to complete the IEE for the Project.

5.3 SPECIALISTS REQUIRED

The IEE study requires a multidisciplinary team of specialists/experts for the bio-physical and socio-

economic and cultural assessments. The following team is proposed:

• Environmental Specialist

• Geologist

• Botanist/Forester

• Sociologist

• Water Supply and Sanitary Engineer

Three to four enumerators will also be required to help the team. The IEE team will also benefit from the inputs provided by the design team.


13

CHAPTER VI

ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT

The impacts shall be identified mainly for the two activities i.e. project construction and post

construction (O&M) phase on the existing physical, biological and socio-economic resources. A

distinction will have to be made between potentially significant positive & adverse impacts, direct &

indirect impacts. The impacts shall be characterized as i) low, high & medium in terms of magnitude,

ii) long term, short term & medium term in terms of duration and iii) site specific, local &

regional/national in terms of extent. As a part of the study, enhancement of the positive impacts shall

also be carried out. The potential physical, biological and socio-economic impacts should be

considered as follows:

6.1 PHYSICAL IMPACTS

a. Land: The study shall consider the possible changes in the land use pattern of the area in relation to landslide, erosion, and environmental aesthetics degradation. Moreover, the study shall also consider compensation for the acquired land if any.

b. Water: The study shall consider the possibility of negative impacts on surface water, ground

water, wastewater problems and obstruction to natural drainage. Apart from this, the study shall also focus on the source dispute and water use conflicts if any.

c. Air & Noise: The potential deterioration in ambient air quality and noise & vibration disturbance

during the construction and operation phases shall be considered to recommend the mitigation measures.

d. Soil & Geology: The IEE study should consider the degradation in the soils and geological

status of the project area due to the project and its associated activities. The consequences of the erosion and landslides due to the project shall also be studied.

e. Hydrology: The IEE study shall cover changes in river hydrology as a result of project

implementation along with the consequences (adverse or positive) resulted from the project. In addition, the effects on ground water table will be studied in accordance with the requirements.

f. Others: The study also consider other applicable parameters, such as: quarry site impact, spoil

disposal impact, waste materials disposal impact etc., identified during the study. In addition to this, cumulative impacts shall also be considered during the identification of the impacts of the project on the natural settings of the environment.

6.2 BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS

a. Flora (Forest & Terrestrial Vegetation): The study shall consider the possible changes in forest cover/forest clearance, extinction of rare and endangered species of floral species, timber exploitation, firewood extraction etc. due to the project activities in order to assess the losses to the vegetation and to suggest suitable mitigation measures.

b. Wildlife and Terrestrial Fauna: The study also consider the change in the terrestrial wildlife,

avi-fauna and aquatic life including fish, extinction of rare and endangered species, loss of habitat, sensitive habitat, migratory routes, construction disturbances, hunting and poaching by workforce, destruction of spawning and rearing of ground of fish, impact on fishermen etc. due to the project.


14

c. Others: Other applicable parameters, if any, such as permanent disturbances to the vegetation

coverage, local wildlife, fish migration, fish entrainment, and riparian release etc. identified during the study shall be incorporated in the report along with their cumulative effects on the environment.

6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS

The socio-economic and cultural impacts can be wide ranging in their nature. So the study shall

incorporate the factors like; livelihood, infrastructure & access, cultural sites, sanitation & wastes,

occupational health and safety impact, land acquisition and compensation impact, Impact on women

and vulnerable, impact on local economy, migration problem, resettlement & rehabilitation problems,

slum creation hazard, impact on education, law and order problem, generation of employment,

impacts due to influx of workers and resulting cultural differences hazards.


15

CHAPTER VII

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The alternative analysis of the project shall be conducted during the study to minimize the possible

negative environmental impacts. Alternative measures to the proposed project to meet the same

project objectives will have to be described in following aspects:

• Project Location (setting)

• Design

• Technology choice

• Construction techniques

• Operation and Maintenance. Alternatives in terms of potential environmental impacts, capital and operating costs and institutional training and monitoring requirements should be described. Costs and benefits of each alternative should be quantified (wherever possible); incorporating the estimated costs of any associated mitigation measures. The no project option is always open.


16

CHAPTER VIII

MITIGATION MEASURES

The mitigation measures for adverse potential impacts due to location, design, construction and

post-construction will have to be proposed during the preparation of IEE report for all the perceived

impacts to minimize the environmental impacts of project implementation after the prediction of

extent, magnitude and duration of the impacts. Mitigation measures will have to be incorporated from

the planning stage onwards. In general the following area shall be covered while preparing mitigation

measures:

a. Project Design phase

b. Project construction phase

c. Project operation and maintenance phase

Concerned agencies like STWSSSP, DWSS, WUSC and local agencies, Local administration, police

office shall be consulted during the implementation of mitigation measures. The proponent is

required to prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and these measures should be outlined

in the EMP in order to implement the proposed measures during the project implementation.


17

CHAPTER IX

MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The project proponent has to develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to systematically

manage all the perceived environmental impacts of the project. It shall be therefore based on the

mitigation measures for the project induced impacts. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

has a dual purpose. It is designed to monitor the contractor’s work during project implementation. It

helps to check contractual compliance with specified mitigation measures. It also helps in making

periodic checks on the actual environmental impacts of the Project over the years following

completion of the works, and compares these with those impacts anticipated at the time of Project

appraisal. The EMP therefore provides the necessary feedback required for correcting potentially

serious Project deficiencies, and for planning of other projects.

The EMP shall include the responsibilities of different stakeholders based on preliminary plans and

schedules. This program shall include measures required during the project design, construction and

operational phases and shall include recommendations on allocation of components of the EMP to

the various parties involved. Feasible and cost-effective measures to prevent/mitigate/reduce

significant negative impacts should be recommended in an Environmental Management Plan. The

impacts and costs associated with implementing the measures will have to be detailed. The EMP will

include proposed work programs, budget estimates, schedules, staffing and training requirements

and other support services to implement the mitigating measures.

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

The project will develop Environmental Monitoring Program for the pre-construction, construction and

post construction activities of the project. The program will evaluate: (i) the extent and severity of the

adverse environmental impacts as compared to what was predicted, (ii) how effective the mitigating

measures were and compliance with the regulations and the (iii) overall effectiveness of the EMP.

The environmental monitoring of the project includes field supervision and reporting of project

activities prior to and during the project construction and operation in order to ensure that the works

are being carried out in accordance to the approved design and that the environmental mitigation

measures are fully implemented in accordance with the EMP. A monitoring system will be developed

involving i) front line monitoring ii) monitoring by the government line agencies or independent

monitors and iii) auditing through the involvement of government agencies, donor agencies and

independent auditors.

The EDC will prepare progress reports on EMP implementation and submits to relevant agencies on

regular basis. The Division Office will oversee the environmental monitoring activities undertaken by

EDC.

The construction and operation phase monitoring of the mitigating measures will mainly consider the

following impacts due to:


18

1. Construction Phase: Soil erosion, sedimentation and slope stabilization; spoil-tip protection

and management; stock taking of species of urban vegetation during vegetation clearance

along pipeline alignments and re-plantation; change in hydrology and morphology of streams

and rivers; water, air and noise (vibration) pollution; solid waste; land intake and

compensation; reinstatement of damaged structures and services; crime and community

stress; health, safety and sanitation of the work force and camps; archaeological and cultural

sites and chance finds; and traffic management.

2. Operation Phase: Discharge of industrial wastes to wastewater treatment systems;

wastewater treatment operations; sludge disposal; quality of drinking water supplies; pipe

flushing and wastewater release to receiving waters.

9.3 INFORATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

Public consultation is the process of exchanging information with those persons and organisations

with a legitimate interest in a project and/or who are likely to be affected by the project

(stakeholders). It is a two-way process that informs and involves the community in developing a

project, and informs the proponent about issues and concerns, which can then be addressed in

project design. Information disclosure involves stakeholders in monitoring the development and

implementation of a project and fosters openness in decision-making by presenting documents and

other project materials for public scrutiny.

The consultation and disclosure involves consultation with stakeholders at an early stage of project

preparation, and throughout project implementation. As a minimum, stakeholders will be consulted

regarding the scope of the environmental study before work has commenced in earnest, and should

then be informed about the likely impacts of the project and proposed mitigation once the draft IEE

report is under preparation. The report should record the views of stakeholders and indicate how

these have been taken into account in project development.

Information is disclosed through public consultation and more formally by making documents and

other materials available in a form and at a location in which they can be easily accessed by

stakeholders. This normally involves making draft reports available (in the local language) at public

locations in the community and providing a mechanism for the receipt of comments and making

documents available more widely.

Public consultation and involvement should be given highest priority in the implementation of

mitigation measures. Public consultation should take place and on the basis of decision of the

consultation meeting, implementation of mitigation measures should be prioritized and should be

carried out with the involvement of the local people.

Monitoring is one of the components of EMP. The results of monitoring should also be disclosed in

the form of demonstration, charts, figures, graphs, and samples, etc., to the local people, school

students and other interested stakeholders. In the process of compliance monitoring of the project

construction, local people and construction workers should be consulted.


19

9.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

The Grievance Redress Mechanism as proposed in the Resettlement Plan is also relevant here. The

Division Office will be responsible to address the issues and problems raised by the local

communities regarding the loss of assets, water and sanitation etc. during the implementation of the

project. The Division Office shall ask the Environment Specialist of the EDC to assist in the handling

of grievances and the community level stakeholders should be encouraged to help in the handling of

grievances at the project sites.

The affected person / community will submit grievances / complaints to the Water Supply and

Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO). The WSSDO will try to solve the grievance at the project level.

If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, WSSDO will forward it to Director General

(DG)’s Office at Kathmandu.


20

CHAPTER X

REPORT

The IEE report shall be prepared as per this ToR. The IEE report, whenever applicable, shall contain

maps, graphs, photographs, tables and matrix. The format of report will be in accordance with be in

accordance with Schedule 5 of EPR. However, the IEE report should include the following:

1. Executive summary (in English and Nepali) 2. Table of contents 3. List of tables 4. List of figures/photographs 5. Appendices 6. List of Abbreviations 7. Acknowledgement 8. Introduction 9. Name and address of the institution preparing the report

o Summary of the proposed and objective and relevancy 10. Description of project 11. Description of the environment 12. Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures (construction and operation stage) 13. Analysis of alternatives with and without project situations 14. Matters to be monitored while implementing the project:

o Information disclosure, consultation, and participation o Grievance and redress mechanism o Environmental management and monitoring plan

15. Other necessary matters: Review of policies, laws, rules, directives and guidelines 16. Findings and recommendations 17. References 18. Annexes


21

CHAPTER XI

RELEVANT INFORMATION

The project will collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant environmental

characteristics of the area along the proposed alignment and its corridor of influence, including the following

information:

• General socio-economic conditions,

• Population and demography,

• Land use pattern of the project area,

• Planned development activities,

• Community structure,

• Government services,

• Employment,

• Distribution of income and source of livelihood,

• Goods and services produced,

• Water supply,

• Public health,

• Education,

• Extension services,

• Religious, cultural sites and heritage,

• Tribal people,

• Customs,

• Aspirations and attitudes,

• Expected water users and those benefiting from it,

• Different needs and demands of VDCs,

• Social infrastructures including industries and commercial establishments,

• Occupational health and safety (OHS),

• Resettlement and rehabilitation and

• The present Quality of Life (QoL) etc.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2011) Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR) NPR1.00 =...

Documents

Transcript of CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2011) Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR) NPR1.00 =...