curamine epoxy curing agents - Bitrez · 1 cu ramine epoxy curing agents curamine high performance...

curamine epoxy curing agents

curamine high performance epoxy curing agents for the formulation of single and multi-component systems


epoxy curing agents [ general selector guide ]





1




epoxy curing agents [general selector guide]

Table of Contents

introduction 1

curamine amido-amines 2

curamine polyamides 6

curamine aliphatic amines 10

curamine solid adducts 14

curamine cyclo-aliphatic amines 18

curamine ketimines 22

curacat catalysts and accelerators 26

general 30

contacts 32

1




epoxy curing agents [general selector guide]

Table of Contents

introduction 1

curamine amido-amines 2

curamine polyamides 6

curamine aliphatic amines 10

curamine solid adducts 14

curamine cyclo-aliphatic amines 18

curamine ketimines 22

curacat catalysts and accelerators 26

general 30

contacts 32


introduction

Bitrez Ltd. offers an extensive range of curing agents for epoxy resins. This guide provides an overview of some of our product grades and the key properties that may aid selection. Further information is contained within the individual Technical Data Sheets and Product Bulletins. Additionally, our technical sales staff will be pleased to offer assistance and advice in product selection and subsequent formulation. Our range of epoxy curing agents offers exceptional formulation latitude to enable customised development of systems that will satisfy all of your requirements, and that of your customer. Whilst many of the product grades have been utilised for decades and offer excellent service history, we operate a continuous research and development programme in order to ensure we can offer new and innovative solutions to satisfy new and challenging customer requirements. When appropriate we will make proprietary modifications in order to meet with specific needs and are willing to discuss joint developments and/or customer specific formulation. We recommend discussion with our technical sales personnel to optimise selection and discuss options.

We trust that you will find the information contained herein of interest and use. Contact details are provided at the end of this document and we will be pleased to discuss supply issues and any unique requirements in addition to providing further information, assistance and product samples.


curamine amido-amines

CURAMINE amido-amines are condensation products of mono-functional carboxylic acids with amines. This reaction technique and use of almost equivalent ratios of carboxylic acid to the selected amine containing species results in a low residual “free amine” content and as a result this class of curing agent has low volatility and a relatively low hazard rating. Standard amido-amines have relatively low molecular weight and are subsequently low in viscosity. Selected process techniques can enable specific imidazoline levels to be obtained resulting in a small range of grades that have a very similar basic composition [ and resultant cured performance ] but vary with regard to their compatibility with epoxy resins and their rate of cure. [ increasing imidazoline content improves compatibility with epoxy resins and extends the cure time. ] Amido-amines have non-critical mix ratios and the use of levels slightly above and below the stoichiometric amount can enable the formulation of systems with varying degrees of hardness. Amido-amines offer good adhesion to a variety of substrates making them highly suitable for use in adhesives. They find extensive use in the formulation of systems for bonding onto damp concrete and concrete coating. They have excellent wetting characteristics and high imidazoline grades are reverted [ imidazoline ring opened ] back to the amido-amine pre-cursor in the presence of substrate surface humidity. CURAMINE amido-amines are generally darker in colour than many of the other curing agent types offered. Apart from the variable reactivity offered from within the range and the subsequent ability to formulate systems of varying pot-life and cure rate, these products offer a high degree of corrosion protection. Standard amido-amines are utilised in ambient cure applications and perform well when applied in humid areas. They should not be applied at temperatures

below 10C as this will lead to poor cure and a resultant “greasy” surface.

2



Modified amido-amines have been developed that offer enhanced mechanical properties, a reduced tendency to blush and improved performance at ambient and slightly below ambient temperature conditions. These materials require no induction period and retain excellent corrosion resistance, flexibility and adhesion to various substrates. Whilst predominantly used in the formulation of systems applied in marine and maintenance high solids coatings, concrete coatings and adhesive formulations, they may also be applied to some potting applications. Further details are available on request. A summary of some of the amido-amine based curing agents from within the CURAMINE range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

2 3

4



Grade Reference Co

lour

Ga

rdne

r

Vi

scos

ity

Poise

@

25C

Am

ine V

alue

Mg/K

OH/g

m

De

nsity

G/

CM3

@ 25C

AHEW

Ac

tive H

ydro

gen

Equi

valen

t W

eight

Us

age

PHR

Gel-t

ime

Minu

tes

Set t

ime

Hour

s Cu

re

Sche

dule

curamine 30-507 NT 7 10 535 0.98 68 35 34 8

curamine 30-508 7 4 440 0.95 95 50 65 10

curamine 30-509 10 4 425 0.95 95 50 90 12

curamine 30-510 10 4 425 0.95 95 50 130 16

curamine 30-511 12 4 420 0.94 105 55 300 24

curamine 30-517 10 4 450 0.95 95 50 55 10

curamine 30-629 J90 10 40 240 0.99 190 100 120 3

curamine 30-639 10 18 310 1.05 150 70 30 8

curamine 30-781 18 10 650 1.00 48 25 10 2

curamine 30-885 12 2 320 1.00 125 65 300 24

Notes

PROPERTY REFERENCE

MELTING POINT

PROPERTY TESTED ON DILUTED SAMPLE

PART PER HUNDRED [ EPOXY RESIN EEW 190 ]


REACTIVITY IS INFLUENCED BY SOLVENTS INCLUDED OR CONVENTIONALLY EMPLOYED

CURE DATA PROVIDED IN INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS AND SUBJECT TO SEVERAL FACTORS

CURE SCHEDULES

CURE @ ROOM TEMPERATURE [ 7 DAYS ] CURE [ HEAT ] – DETAILS PROVIDED IN TECHNICAL DATA SHEET

CO-REACTANT TYPICAL APPLICATION AREAS

4 5


Comments

COAT

INGS

CIVI

L ENG

INEE

RING

FLOO

RING

ELEC

TRIC

AL

ADHE

SIVE

S

COMP

OSIT

ES/G

RP

CO-C

URIN

G MO

DIFI

ER

Table 1 - curamine am

ido-amines

Special modified low viscosity amido-amine with enhanced reactivity, process tolerance and resilient cure.

Conventional amido-amine with lowest imidazoline content and relatively short pot-life.

Conventional amido-amine with medium imidazoline content and moderate reactivity.

Conventional amido-amine with medium imidazoline content and moderate reactivity.

Conventional amido-amine with high imidazoline content and very long pot-life and low exotherm characteristics.

Conventional amido-amine with low imidazoline content, pre-accelerated.

Special modified amido-amine with excellent cure characteristics under adverse conditions and convenient mix ratio.

Special modified amido-amine with enhanced reactivity, process tolerance and resilient cure.

Special modified amido-amine with enhanced cure rate.

Slow cure rate amido amine with long pot-life.


Extensive range of products that have significantly different reactivity profiles but may be characterised by their relatively low viscosity, tolerant mix ratio and low irritation potential. They cure under humid conditions and offer a high degree of corrosion protection. Main applications are in civil engineering, primers for concrete and steel, adhesives, flexible jointing compounds and some electrical encapsulation. These materials may be modified with other CURAMINE grades to obtain hybrid performance properties.

6 7


curamine polyamides

CURAMINE polyamides are condensation products of multi-functional carboxylic acids with amines. As with amido-amines an almost equivalent ratio of material results in low residual “free amine” levels and as such, this class of curing agent also has low volatility and irritation potential. Polyamides have much higher molecular weight than the amido-amine range and as such are generally higher in viscosity. They have even greater tolerance to mix ratio violation and may be selectively used at variable ratios to influence the toughness. Deviation above and below stoichiometric concentrations enables the performance to vary from hard and rigid films through to soft and flexible coatings with increasing curing agent level. Again selected process techniques can enable specific imidazoline levels to be obtained and the resultant variation in cure. This generic class of curing agent offers excellent adhesive performance to a wide variety of substrates. Whilst they are not colour stable, and have limited chemical resistance, they form hydrophobic films with excellent corrosion resistance. Generally speaking, these products have low reactivity but can be blended with tertiary amine accelerators or proprietary accelerators [ CURACAT 36-216 ] is an industry standard for this application or other curing agents to enhance cure speed and ambient cured performance properties. Amido-amines and polyamides tend to suffer from surface exudation of low molecular weight fractions resulting in a “greasy film”. Induction or modifications with additional curing agents can reduce this problem. An alternate approach is the adduction of the polyamide with epoxy in order to improve subsequent compatibility with the epoxy component of the system. This technique is employed in some of our products and the resultant grades have improved surface appearance, especially when cured at lower temperatures. They may still be blended with other types of curing agents to tailor performance.

6 7


curamine polyamides

Many of the polyamides and adducted polyamides are high in viscosity and are offered “pre-cut” in solvents. In addition to standard xylene solutions we offer unique customer dilutions to satisfy specific requirements and will be pleased to discuss these options. Additionally we offer medium viscosity “non-solvated” polyamide adducts developed for solvent free coatings. We recommend discussion with our technical sales staff in order to establish the optimum product types for your application. A summary of some of the standard polyamide curing agents from within the CURAMINE range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

8


curamine polyamides

Grade Reference Co

lour

Ga

rdne

r

Vi

scos

ity

Poise

@

25C

Am

ine V

alue

Mg/K

OH/g

m

De

nsity

G/

CM3

@ 25C

AHEW

Ac

tive H

ydro

gen

Equi

valen

t W

eight

Us

age

PHR

Gel-t

ime

Minu

tes

Set t

ime

Hour

s Cu

re

Sche

dule

curamine 30-100 10 Semi-Solid 90 0.96 500 100

curamine 30-115 10 3300 250 0.96 190 100 260

curamine 30-125 12 350 360 0.98 120 65 120 10

curamine 30-140 10 120 400 0.97 100 50 130 14

curamine 30-260 BX60 10 10 130 0.94 550 110

curamine 30-270 BX50 10 20 90 0.94 780 150

curamine 30-280 B75 10 60 230 0.96 170 90

curamine 30-850 10 15 - 1.01 115 60 60 8

curamine 30-850 F 10 10 - 1.01 115 60 40 6

curamine 30-887 F 10 20 - 1.01 115 60 40 6

Notes

PROPERTY REFERENCE

MELTING POINT






CURE SCHEDULES



8 9


Comments

COAT

INGS

CIVI

L ENG

INEE

RING

FLOO

RING

ELEC

TRIC

AL

ADHE

SIVE

S

COMP

OSIT

ES/G

RP

CO-C

URIN

G MO

DIFI

ER

Table 2 - curamine polyam

ides

Standard semi-solid polyamide with maximum flexibility. [ Solution grades available to ease handling ]

Standard high viscosity polyamide with good overall properties. [ Solution grades available to ease handling ]

Standard medium viscosity polyamide with good overall properties. [ Solution grades available to ease handling ]

Standard low viscosity polyamide with good general properties.

Modified polyamide solution with improved compatibility, low moisture sensitivity and improved blush resistance.

Modified polyamide solution with improved cure under adverse conditions.

Modified polyamide solution with high solids content and improved cure under adverse conditions.

Modified polyamide solution with improved cure under adverse conditions.

Modified polyamide solution with improved cure under adverse conditions.- faster version of 30-850.

Modified polyamide solution with improved cure under adverse conditions. Non-MXDA containing versionof 30-850F.

curamine polyamides

Extensive range of products that have significantly different viscosity and reactivity profiles but may be characterised by their tolerant mix ratio and low irritation potential. They cure under humid conditions and offer excellent corrosion protection. Main applications are in civil engineering, adhesives and a variety of primers and coating systems. These materials may be modified with other CURAMINE grades to obtain hybrid performance properties.

10


curamine aliphatic amines

CURAMINE aliphatic amine based epoxy-curing agents comprise of unmodified and modified grades. Unmodified grades are essentially multi-functional amines consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary amine groups linked via ethylene units. Unmodified grades are low in viscosity, have low usage rates and are generally very reactive. Chemical resistance and mechanical performance is high but the high cross-link density that confers these properties also causes the cured products to lack flexibility. Additionally, they are problematic to handle and have limited compatibility with most epoxy resins resulting in film surface exudation and subsequent “blushing” and “water spotting.” Selective modification can enable the formulation of modified aliphatic amines that retain the more favourable qualities whilst reducing or eliminating the associated problematical aspects.

CURAMINE modified aliphatic amine based curing agents can be characterised by their rapid cure rates, high degree of chemical resistance [ especially solvent ] and high heat distortion temperatures. This class of epoxy curing agents have reasonable colour and colour retention [ for maximum colour and colour retention - see modified cyclo-aliphatics ] and cure well at ambient temperatures. Whilst the ambient cure of correctly formulated systems produces a high level of performance and is sufficient for most applications, the use of post-cure schedules will enhance the elevated temperature, mechanical and electrical properties. Many modifications are made and all of such modifications result in a reduction in the vapour pressure. In addition to many of the improvements in safety and handling characteristics, use of modified grades results in a reduced tendency to blush when compared to their unmodified counter-types. Bitrez Ltd. are also recognised manufacturers of high performance phenolic resins and this additional expertise has resulted in the development of our high performance mannich base range of epoxy curing agents. Whilst we manufacture an extensive range of mannich bases, the aliphatic amine based grades offer excellent low temperature cure and superior chemical and blush resistance.

10 11



Our range of mannich base - aliphatic amine products are lower in colour than similar competitor grades and include specially developed “phenol free” grades with reduced hazard rating. Modification of aliphatic amines to form mannich bases enables the formulation of systems that show optimum performance and cure under adverse conditions. The curamine aliphatic amine derived products offer a wide range of options for custom tailoring of system viscosity, reactivity and film performance. This range of products finds extensive use in civil engineering applications [ patch repair systems, flooring, adhesives ] high solids coatings, wet-lay up and laminating. They can also be utilised in the formulation of “potting systems” for the encapsulation of small electrical devices. Due to the high reactivity characteristics of this class of curing agent they also find use in the modification of other curing agents to accelerate cure and enhance cured performance. Further special aliphatic amine modification grades are found under KETIMINE and PHENALKAMINE product ranges in addition to being pre-process feedstock in some of our amido-amine and polyamide grades. A summary of some of the standard aliphatic based curing agents from within the CURAMINE range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

12 13



Grade Reference Co

lour

Ga

rdne

r

Vi

scos

ity

Poise

@

25C

Am

ine V

alue

Mg/K

OH/g

m

De

nsity

G/

CM3

@ 25C

AHEW

Ac

tive H

ydro

gen

Equi

valen

t W

eight

Us

age

PHR

Gel-t

ime

Minu

tes

Set t

ime

Hour

s Cu

re

Sche

dule

curamine 31-501 3 4 395 1.00 85 45 40 8

curamine 31-530 3 38 775 1.08 44 25 18 3 /

curamine 31-531 3 10 1025 1.03 30 15 18 3 /

curamine 31-532 3 4 625 0.98 95 50 8 3

curamine 31-537 4 10 780 1.10 48 25 10 2

curamine 31-539 4 10 390 1.01 75 40 15 2

curamine 31-555 2 10 310 0.95 86 40 90 12

curamine 31-714 5 6 390 1.00 90 50 12 3

curamine 31-715 4 4 375 1.10 87 46 30 6 /

curamine 31-724 3 2 205 0.92 140 75 25 4

Notes

PROPERTY REFERENCE

MELTING POINT






CURE SCHEDULES



13


Comments

COAT

INGS

CIVI

L ENG

INEE

RING

FLOO

RING

ELEC

TRIC

AL

ADHE

SIVE

S

COMP

OSIT

ES/G

RP

CO-C

URIN

G MO

DIFI

ER

Table 3 - curamine aliphatic am

ines

Low viscosity, light coloured grade with good pot-life. [ Nonyl phenol free variant available ]

Moderate viscosity grade with good mechanical properties and excellent solvent resistance.

Low viscosity grade with good property generation from ambient cure. Good chemical resistance.

Low viscosity grade with good colour and very high reactivity. Reasonable cure under high humidity.

Low viscosity mannich base with good reactivity and cure under adverse conditions. [ Phenol free variants available ]

Low viscosity fast cure grade with good colour and high gloss films. [ Nonyl phenol free variant available ]

Low viscosity slow cure grade with moisture tolerance and good gloss films.

Low viscosity phenol free mannich base curing agent with good low temperature cure and property development.

Low viscosity medium reactivity grade with reasonable colour and good chemical resistance.

Low viscosity grade with good reactivity. Offers flexibility and hydrophobic character to cured films.


Several different modification techniques are employed to enhance performance whilst retaining the favourable characteristics imparted by aliphatic amines. Within this range are grades that offer good reactivity rates, relatively moisture insensitive cures and reasonable colour retention. Chemical resistance and mechanical performance is good and “post cured” systems offer even greater resiliency. Main applications are in civil engineering, coatings and as modifiers for other CURAMINE grades.

14 15


curamine solid adducts

CURAMINE solid adducted amine based epoxy-curing agents again comprise of both solid and pre-solvated grades. These grades are adducted with higher molecular weight epoxy resins and as such have many beneficial performance properties. Solid adducts find application in the formulation of room temperature curing solvent-based systems and may be used in conjunction with solid, medium molecular weight epoxy resin components. They may also be used as solid grades in the formulation of powder coating systems for special applications. [ Further specific details regarding powder coating hardeners is the subject of a separate guidance note and advice should be sought from our technical sales staff. ] CURAMINE solid amine adducts have long pot-lives. Solid amine adducts can be processed by “in-situ” and “isolated” techniques. Isolated amine adducts have reduced levels of residual free amine which subsequently reduces the tendency of the system to bloom. The low level of free amine also ensures that they have a low irritation potential improving the health and safety classification. These materials are characterised by their colour and provide non-yellowing films with good chemical and solvent resistance. Correctly formulated systems are tough and flexible and exhibit excellent adhesive performance to a variety of different materials and substrates. The aforementioned properties make solid amine adducts highly suitable for the formulation of a variety of industrial coatings. They are formulated into systems that act as sealants for wood or concrete, as anti-corrosion paints and as adhesive primers for metals. They are also used as high performance finishes to surfaces to be protected from corrosion and chemical attack.



Bitrez Ltd. offer pre-diluted solid adducts for ease of use and convenience. Solid material is available for proprietary dilution in customer specific solvent blends. Solvents should be selected with care to ensure true solvation and stable preparation of solutions. Details and suggestions of proven mixtures of aromatic/aliphatic solvent combinations are available from our technical sales staff. Solid adducts may be accelerated by the incorporation of tertiary amines and modified with further curing agents. Again we would be pleased to discuss and assist in the selection of a suitable accelerator to provide the desired rate of cure. Please forward enquiries and any specific requirements to our technical sales staff or forward them to the address given in the contact section herein. A summary of some of the standard solid adducts [ solid and solvated grades ] from within the CURAMINE range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

15



Bitrez Ltd. offer pre-diluted solid adducts for ease of use and convenience. Solid material is available for proprietary dilution in customer specific solvent blends. Solvents should be selected with care to ensure true solvation and stable preparation of solutions. Details and suggestions of proven mixtures of aromatic/aliphatic solvent combinations are available from our technical sales staff. Solid adducts may be accelerated by the incorporation of tertiary amines and modified with further curing agents. Again we would be pleased to discuss and assist in the selection of a suitable accelerator to provide the desired rate of cure. Please forward enquiries and any specific requirements to our technical sales staff or forward them to the address given in the contact section herein. A summary of some of the standard solid adducts [ solid and solvated grades ] from within the CURAMINE range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

16



Grade Reference Co

lour

Ga

rdne

r

Vi

scos

ity

Poise

@

25C

Am

ine V

alue

Mg/K

OH/g

m

De

nsity

G/

CM3

@ 25C

AHEW

Ac

tive H

ydro

gen

Equi

valen

t W

eight

Us

age

PHR

Gel-t

ime

Minu

tes

Set t

ime

Hour

s Cu

re

Sche

dule

curamine 31-549 6 105 180 1.10 245 50 /

curamine 31-549 BX50 6 15 90 0.96 450 90 /

curamine 31-549 MP50 6 30 90 1.00 450 90 /

curamine 31-665 6 110 200 1.15 200 40 /

curamine 31-665 MP50 6 30 100 1.00 400 80 /

Notes

PROPERTY REFERENCE

MELTING POINT






CURE SCHEDULES



16 17


Comments

COAT

INGS

CIVI

L ENG

INEE

RING

FLOO

RING

ELEC

TRIC

AL

ADHE

SIVE

S

COMP

OSIT

ES/G

RP

CO-C

URIN

G MO

DIFI

ER

Table 4 - curamine solid adducts

Conventional isolated adduct [ EDA based ] with a variety of solvated options available.

Standard solution version of CURAMINE 31-549 : 50% in Xylene/Butanol. [ Alternative solutions available ]

Standard solution version of CURAMINE 31-549 : 50% in Methoxy Proponol. [ Alternative solutions available ]

Conventional isolated adduct [ DTA based ] with a variety of solvated options available.

Standard solution version of CURAMINE 31-665 : 50% in Methoxy Proponol. [ Alternative solutions available ]


A range of products that includes “in-situ” and isolated variations with all solid grades being offered in a variety of optional solvents for ease of use. Within this section are grades suitable for ambient and mild cure processes and offering low residual free amine and low irritation potential. The main conventional grades offer low bloom, high flexibility, adhesion and light coloured cured films. Some of the special grades are for high temperature processes and offer high TG and chemical resistance characteristics. Main applications are in civil engineering and primers/coatings for metal with some of the specialist grades being used in structural and electrical laminate.

18


curamine cyclo-aliphatic amines

CURAMINE cyclo-aliphatic amine based epoxy-curing agents again comprise of unmodified and modified grades. Unmodified grades are generally low in viscosity and have relatively low usage rates. For some elevated temperature curing applications [ as part of a matrix system ] or for high performance casting systems, the unmodified grades can offer excellent performance. These materials can impart excellent colour and colour stability in addition to the high thermal and chemical resistance performance. Unmodified cyclo-aliphatic amines tend to “B” stage with ambient cures and suffer from a tendency to carbonate [ water spot ] in addition to being corrosive and of high irritation potential. For all ambient cured applications the use of modified grades is recommended in order to achieve desirable results. CURAMINE modified cyclo-aliphatic amine based curing agents can be characterised by there excellent colour and colour stability. The various modifications employed has enabled us to offer grades that vary from relatively slow curing – long “pot-life” materials through to grades that cure rapidly. The number of techniques used to modify is slightly less than those used for the aliphatic amine range but nonetheless a multitude of properties and performance levels are obtained through selected use of base components and modification technique. As with the aliphatic amines, included within the cyclo-aliphatic based portfolio is a number of mannich base curing agents that offer even greater chemical resistance and excellent low temperature and high humidity cure characteristics. Due to the introduction of some aromaticity through the phenolic nuclei the mannich modified grades are generally darker in colour and are not as colour stable. In addition to adduction and incorporation of special additives to promote cure and development of system properties, many of the grades are modified with inert or activating flexibilisers to overcome the inherent “brittleness” associated with this cyclic product group. These modification techniques result in curing agents that offer high gloss, blush resistance and colour stability.

18 19



Due to their aesthetic performance, resilient cure and colour stability, the CURAMINE range of modified cyclo-aliphatic amine based curing agents are used extensively in non-yellowing decorative coatings and flooring systems. The mannich bases are used in priming applications and in formulated coal tar based products amongst others. Again as a result of our extensive expertise in phenolic resin manufacture we offer low residual free phenol and phenol free mannich bases with reduced hazard rating. Elevated cure schedules can be employed to enhance properties and systems subjected to post-cure operations have excellent chemical resistance, mechanical and electrical properties. A summary of some of the standard cyclo-aliphatic based curing agents from within the CURAMINE range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

20



Grade Reference Co

lour

Ga

rdne

r

Vi

scos

ity

Poise

@

25C

Am

ine V

alue

Mg/K

OH/g

m

De

nsity

G/

CM3

@ 25C

AHEW

Ac

tive H

ydro

gen

Equi

valen

t W

eight

Us

age

PHR

Gel-t

ime

Minu

tes

Set t

ime

Hour

s Cu

re

Sche

dule

curamine 32-523 10 2 330 1.00 102 55 25 4 /

curamine 32-544 2 1 320 1.00 85 45 20 7

curamine 32-546 2 4 275 1.03 113 60 45 6

curamine 32-546 S 2 6 275 1.03 115 60 30 4

curamine 32-548 10 2 300 1.03 102 55 25 7

curamine 32-557 3 1 340 1.00 84 45 25 4

curamine 32-749 3 2 340 1.02 95 50 45 8 /

curamine 32-749 F 3 3 340 1.02 95 50 25 6 /

curamine 32-896 18 3 - 1.02 115 60 50 8 /

curamine 32-897 18 20 - 1.02 127 67 30 6 /

Notes

PROPERTY REFERENCE

MELTING POINT






CURE SCHEDULES



20 21


Comments

COAT

INGS

CIVI

L ENG

INEE

RING

FLOO

RING

ELEC

TRIC

AL

ADHE

SIVE

S

COMP

OSIT

ES/G

RP

CO-C

URIN

G MO

DIFI

ER

Table 5 - curamine cyclo-aliphatic am

ines

Low viscosity, phenol free mannich base with good cure under adverse conditions and good chemical resistance.

Very low viscosity, excellent colour and relatively high reactivity.

Low viscosity, excellent colour and moderate reactivity. Cured films exhibit high gloss and good chemical resistance.

Lower reactivity variant of CURAMINE 32-546 with slower cure rate.

Low viscosity mannich base with good cure under adverse conditions and good chemical resistance.

Low viscosity, excellent colour and good reactivity. Cured films exhibit high gloss and good chemical resistance.

Low viscosity, excellent colour and moderate reactivity. Cured films exhibit improved water spotting resistance.

Higher reactivity variant of CURAMINE 32-749 with faster cure rate.

Low viscosity, excellent chemical resistance and cure at low temperatures – free from nonyl phenol & benzyl alcohol.

Low viscosity, excellent chemical resistance and cure at low temperatures – free from nonyl phenol & benzyl alcohol.

curamine – cyclo-aliphatic amines

Extensive range of products that have different reactivity profiles but may be characterised by their relatively low viscosity, good colour and colour retention, high gloss and relatively low temperature cure. Chemical resistance and mechanical performance is good and “post-cured” systems offer even greater resiliency. Main applications are in flooring, high solids and solvent free coatings.

22


curamine ketimines

CURAMINE ketimine curing agents are low viscosity condensation products of ketones with the primary amine groups from the selected amine base from which the product is derived. These materials are relatively stable with epoxy resins allowing for long open-times or pot-life. The amine/ketone reaction conducted to form the product is reversible and the introduction of water [ atmospheric humidity ] regenerates the original ketone and amine species. The amine is subsequently available to react with the epoxy component and the ketone is liberated from the system as a volatile solvent. Ketimines are characterised by their low viscosity and long pot-life. Cured properties are comparable with the amine from which they are derived. They are commonly used in conjunction with other CURAMINE grades in order to reduce the viscosity and extend the pot-life of the formulated system. These products exhibit excellent cure rate in thin film [ high humidity required ] whilst retaining their long open time in mass. Several grades are available including reactive and blocked grades for use with epoxy resins. With the aliphatic ethylene amine derived grades the blocked option shows less tendency to blush than unmodified equivalents. It should be noted that the reactivity of this class of curing agent and the cure rate of the resultant formulated coating

would decrease rapidly at temperatures below 15C and a relative humidity of below 30 per cent. This should be taken

into consideration when formulating systems and considering their use and application.

CURAMINE ketimine curing agents are recommended for use in high solids or low VOC maintenance and specialised marine coatings, flooring and adhesives. As mentioned previously they can be combined with other curing agents for use in an extensive number of other applications, included to reduce viscosity and/or extend pot-life.

22 23


curamine ketimines

In addition to the grades that are included in the following table there are several other products offered on a made to order basis. These products are for specialist applications and are not standard grades rotated on a regular basis although we would be pleased to discuss these items and/or any proprietary products that we would be pleased to formulate from other amine species. A summary of some of the standard ketimine curing agents from within the CURAMINE range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

24


curamine ketimines

Grade Reference Co

lour

Ga

rdne

r

Vi

scos

ity

Poise

@

25C

Am

ine V

alue

Mg/K

OH/g

m

De

nsity

G/

CM3

@ 25

C AH

EW

Activ

e Hyd

roge

n Eq

uiva

lent

Weig

ht

Us

age

PHR

Gel-t

ime

Minu

tes

Set t

ime

Hour

s Cu

re

Sche

dule

curamine 33-671 8 10 250 0.88 52 27

curamine 33-672 8 9 450 0.90 55 28

curamine 33-673 8 3 380 0.98 101 54

Notes

PROPERTY REFERENCE

MELTING POINT






CURE SCHEDULES



24 25


Comments

COAT

INGS

CIVI

L ENG

INEE

RING

FLOO

RING

ELEC

TRIC

AL

ADHE

SIVE

S

COMP

OSIT

ES/G

RP

CO-C

URIN

G MO

DIFI

ER

Table 7 - curamine ketam

ines

Conventional ketimine [ DTA based ] finding application in high solids coatings and as modifier to other grades.

Conventional ketimine [ EDA based ] finding application in high solids coatings and as modifier for other grades.

Modifed ketimine [ DTA based ] finding application in high solids coatings and as modifier for other grades.

Comment In addition to the grades listed above there are several further ketimine products offered on a made to order basis and we will be pleased to discuss the product characteristics and performance benefits these material offer. Included within the made to order ketimine grades are cyclo-aliphatic, aromatic and other linear products that differ greatly in cured performance but share the reduced viscosity and reactivity characteristics synonymous with this generic product group.

curamine ketimines

A relatively small but effective range of ketimine curing agents that may be characterised by their low viscosity and low reactivity with cured films offering performance characteristics comparable to the unmodified amine from which they are derived. Main application areas in the formulation of high solids coatings, adhesives and industrial flooring systems especially when employed as a co-curing agent modifier.

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curacat – catalysts and accelerators

The CURACAT range of accelerators and catalysts is comprised of a number of different chemical types. Several of the grades offer themselves for both functions and can be used for either catalytic homo-polymerisation of epoxy resins, or to accelerate the cure rate of selected CURAMINE epoxy curing agents. Tertiary amines and activated tertiary amines may be used for catalytic cure of epoxy but are more commonly employed as accelerators. CURACAT 36-216 is often used to accelerate CURAMINE amido-amines, polyamides and solid adducts. Higher performance co-reacting accelerators have been developed and the grade favoured over the former conventional product is CURACAT 36-760. This product has an AHEW and will co-react with epoxy as well as offer increased cure rates in thin film. This helps to reduce the degradation of film properties that can occur with excess levels of accelerators, which can plasiticise films and reduce performance. This relatively new accelerator offers enhanced thin film cure with lower addition levels and subsequently enhances performance. CURACAT catalysts and accelerators are essential in the formulation of rapid curing polysulphide and polymercaptan based systems. [ CURACAT 36-216 is a standard grade for this application and enables the formulation of rapid setting “5 minute adhesives”. ] Our range of anhydride curing agents for epoxy resins [ separate document ] are regularly accelerated with tertiary amines such as CURACAT 36-105 and imidazoles such as CURACAT 36-101. Use of accelerators enables cost effective processing and enhancement of cured system properties. Within the CURACAT range are a number of Boron Triflouride [ BF3 ] complexes. BF3 complexes are used for the catalytic [ cationic ] homo-polymerisation of epoxy and are latent or semi-latent and are offered with different dissociation temperatures. Several grades are available each with their own merits. CURACAT 36–137 is a high dissociation temperature catalyst that is regularly used in the manufacture of electrical grade laminates or as an accelerator. It finds significant usage in conjunction with CURAMINE 34-092 and other high temperature processed curing agent grades, again predominantly for electrical laminates and tapes or for high thermal performance structural components.

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curacat – catalysts and accelerators

A wide range of additional catalysts and accelerators are available including grades that have been formulated for use in conjunction with some of the other polymer types. In addition to the amine derived epoxy curing agents detailed throughout this document we offer CURAZINE [ amino resins ] and CURAPHEN [ phenolic resins ] that are used in conjunction with epoxy for stoving applications. A range of specialist catalysts is offered to accelerate cure or enable processing at reduced temperatures. Details of these products may be found in separate documentation. Additionally we offer pre-catalysed phenolic OH terminated curing agents for use in the formulation of chemically resistant powder coating products for industrial applications. These materials are the subject of separate Technical Guidance Notes and further details and information may be obtained from our sales personnel or from direct contact with the technical centre at the address detailed herein. A summary of some of the standard accelerators and catalysts from within the CURACAT range is provided in the following table. Further more detailed information is available on request.

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curacat catalysts and accelerators

Grade Reference Co

lour

Ga

rdne

r

Vi

scos

ity

Poise

@

25C

Am

ine V

alue

Mg/K

OH/g

m

De

nsity

G/

CM3

@ 25C

AHEW

Ac

tive H

ydro

gen

Equi

valen

t W

eight

Us

age

PHR

Gel-t

ime

Minu

tes

Set t

ime

Hour

s Cu

re

Sche

dule

curacat 36-101 6 <1 N/A 1.00 N/A /

curacat 36-105 1 <1 N/A 0.90 N/A /

curacat 36-108 12 300 N/A 1.00 N/A /

curacat 36-136 4 10 N/A 1.08 145 /

curacat 36-137 8 90 N/A 1.05 N/A /

curacat 36-216 6 2 600 0.97 N/A /

curacat 36-218 6 8 N/A 0.97 N/A /

curacat 36-224 4 1 N/A 1.03 N/A /

curacat 36-597 10 4 550 0.99 68 /

curacat 36-760 10 40 700 1.00 76 /

Notes

PROPERTY REFERENCE

MELTING POINT






CURE SCHEDULES



2928


Comments

COAT

INGS

CIVI

L ENG

INEE

RING

FLOO

RING

ELEC

TRIC

AL

ADHE

SIVE

S

COMP

OSIT

ES/G

RP

CO-C

URIN

G MO

DIFI

ER

Table 9 - curacat- cataysts and accelerators

Liquid catalyst/accelerator for use predominately with anhydride curing agents - provides enhanced cure rate and Tg.

Liquid catalyst/accelerator for use with both amine but more often with anhydride curing agents.

Liquid catalyst/accelerator for use with both amine but more often with anhydride curing agents.

Special accelerator for use with selected CURAMINE grades.

Solid complex for use as an accelerator with selected grades or catalytic cure of epoxy.

Standard tertiary amine accelerator for amido-amines and polyamides, solid adducts, polymercaptan and anhydrides.

Salt of CURACAT 36-216 can be used as an accelerator or more frequently for adhesive and casting applications.

Non-amine based accelerator for use in conjunction with selected aliphatic and cyclo-aliphatic grades.

Special accelerator for use in conjunction with selected aromatic grades.

Co-reacting catalyst/accelerator for amido-amine and polyamides. Enhanced alternative to CURACAT 36-216.

curacat catalysts and accelerators

A large number of catalysts and accelerators for both homo-polymerisation of epoxy resins, acceleration of CURAMINE grades or a combination of both. Also following within this group are catalysts and accelerators for other generic resin types offered by the Company. Whilst characterisation is again difficult it is fair to state that the products within this group will all make a contribution to the curing process. This may be by enabling a reduction in the required process temperature, the time to achieve the desired cured state or in some cases cure is unobtainable without their inclusion. Applications are as wide and varied as any, as they are utilised in conjunction with so many other polymer types.

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general

CURAMINE epoxy curing agent range finds application in a wide and varied number of industrial sectors. This general selector guide has been compiled to provide an overview of some of the generic types of curing agent offered by our organisation. Although not included within this document, we also offer an extensive number of products based upon speciality phenolic and amino epoxy curing agent technology. To compliment our various curing agents, hardeners and accelerators, we also produce some specialist grades of epoxy of varying molecular weight and functionality. We will be pleased to discuss these materials and further assist with system formulation and/or enhancement. Bitrez Ltd. has specialist capability and expertise in the field of epoxy resin and curing agent technology. Whilst epoxy systems are versatile and efficient and we are confident that materials from our current product portfolio will satisfy most requirements there will inevitably be occasions when this isn’t so. Conscious of this fact, we operate research and development and co-development programs to develop new products to satisfy more demanding applications and more difficult environments of operation. Changes in legislative requirements and controls can also induce a requirement to develop or enhance products with specific material reduction, substitution or elimination. Whilst we always try to produce materials with as low a possible hazard rating from concept, new findings can change this position and we recognise the need to be pro-active in assisting our customer base. Bitrez Ltd. offers a wide range of materials for use in the field of epoxy technology. However, our chemistry is in a variety of other areas and we always advocate the use of the “best product for the job” and do not simply try to make something work. If the requirements cannot be satisfied by an epoxy system then we will be pleased to discuss alternate resin types and further options.

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general

CURAMINE epoxy curing agents are supplied in a variety of pack sizes. Standard packaging is 200 lt drums, IBC and bulk containers although due to our flexible approach we are always pleased to discuss more convenient or customer specific requirements. Safe handling guidance and material safety data sheets are available and customers will be supplied with amendments and modifications in accordance with prevailing legislative requirements. Generally speaking the CURAMINE range of epoxy curing agents are stable materials and if stored within the scope of the designated guidelines will have relatively long-shelf lives despite a range of varying reactivity’s once mixed and processed. Details of processing guidance are available from within the specific Technical Data Sheets and/or Product Bulletins. Alternatively, advice may be sought from our technical sales staff. CURAMINE epoxy curing agents have been utilised for many years. Handled correctly they are safe to use, but as with all chemicals they must be processed in accordance with recommended procedures and in compliance with legislative requirements. We have an obligation to supply Material Safety Data Sheets and appropriate labelling advice etc, but we are more than willing to assist further in ensuring minimum risk to our customers with further advice, guidance and discussion of options and practical solutions. Please do not hesitate to contact our technical sales staff to discuss these issues.

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contact

As previously detailed, Bitrez Ltd offers an extensive range of epoxy resins. Whilst some of the more popular or conventional grades are listed herein, we would be pleased to discuss additional products from within the ARAPOX range. Contact details are provided below. BITREZ LTD BRADLEY HALL TRADING ESTATE BRADLEY LANE STANDISH WIGAN WN6 0XQ UNITED KINGDOM

TEL +44 [0] 1257 425512

FAX +44 [0] 1257 422863

MAIL [email protected]

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note

All information is based upon results gained from experience and is believed to be accurate but is given without acceptance of liability for loss or damage attributable to reliance thereon as conditions of use lie outside our control. Users should always carry out tests to establish the suitability of any products for their intended application. No statements shall be incorporated in any contract unless expressly agreed in writing nor construed as recommending the use of any product in conflict of any patent. All goods are supplied subject to Bitrez Ltd’s General Conditions of Sale.




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