Designing Leadership Development Programs Around a Strong Culture
Culture-Inspired approach for designing sustainable practice
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Transcript of Culture-Inspired approach for designing sustainable practice
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A study of sustainable bathing practice for the Living Lab project
A Culture-Inspired Approach to Gaining Insights for
Designing Sustainable Practice
Noriko Matsuhashi (Sudo)
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1. Background
2. Research questions and approach
3. Research phase 1
4. Research phase 2
5. Conclusions
Contents
Key words:• Cross-cultural research, • Design method, • Eco-Design, • Product Development, • Sustainability, • Household routines
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1.Background
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Practice oriented co-design approach
Aim: Generate insights on less resource-intensive everyday practices
D
Shorten the time for shower
Take shower less frequently
Different kinds of insights can help participants to generate ideas with radical innovations
Difficult for participants to let go of common practice
Shower culture
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How to obtain different kinds of insights?
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Looking at everyday practicein different cultures
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Information about everyday practice in different culture can be a source of inspiration to generate insights on possible less resource-intensive practices.
+ inspiration from different cu
lturesCulture-Inspired Approach
Practice-oriented Co-design
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Shower culture
Assumption
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2.Research questions and approach
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Questions
1.What kinds of information about the everyday practice can play a role in insight and design idea generation?
2.What kinds of insights and ideas are generated by the information about the everyday practice in multiple cultures?
3.How to collect the information about the everyday practice from multiple cultures?
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1.What kinds of information about the everyday practice can play a role in insight and design idea generation?
2.What kinds of insights and ideas are generated by the information about the everyday practice in multiple cultures?
3.How to collect the information about the everyday practice from multiple cultures?
Questions
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Approach
ConclusionsPhase 1
Information collection
Phase 2
Insight and idea generation
Qualitative research:
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Study topic
Bathing practice
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3.Research phase 1: Information collection
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Experimental culture survey
Target cultures (countries):The Netherlands, India and Japan
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Elements of bathing practice
Recording units:
Expectation Resource (water)
Action
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Cultural probes (self-observation tools)
Recording format:
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Results of the culture survey
• Participants: 3 Dutch, 2 Indian and 3 Japanese • Total 11 bathing experiences were collected
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6. Combination of shower, reservoir and bathtub
2. Bathtub only
5. Combination of shower and reservoir
4. Combination of shower and bathtub
3. Reservoir only1. Shower only
= 20 liters
Different ways of bathing and respective water consumption
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Different ways of doing single tasks
Task: Rinse soap off from the body
Shower (fixed)standing
get clean
reservoir Shower (by hand)standing & sitting
get clean get clean
sitting
4–8 liters 4–8 liters2-4 liters
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4.Research phase 2: Insight and idea generation
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Experimental insight and idea generation
Methods:
• Qualitative interpretation by researcher• Creative workshop with designers
Communication materials used in the creative workshop
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Results of insight and idea generation
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Participant designers of the creative workshop: 3 Dutch master-level students in TU Delft
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Directions to reduce the water use• Using a water reservoir
• Frequent turn on/off the running water
• Reuse the water used for adjusting the water temperature
New possible styles of bathing• Combination of standing posture and use of a water reservoir
60 ‐115 liters
20 liters
Insights on less resource-intensive practice
“Rinse soap off from the body”
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Ideas of less resource-intensive practice and products
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Technology-oriented
User behavior-oriented
Alternative practice-oriented
e.g. Computer-aided pinpoint shower
e.g. Clock-timer shower e.g. Bathing suit
Three types of ideas
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30%
15%
Looking at different styles of bathing can encourage designers to step out of their own rituals (shower)
50%
Technology-oriented
User behavior-oriented
Alternative practice-oriented
Three types of ideas
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5.Conclusions
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Insights:•Directions to reduce the use of resource•New possible styles of the practice
Research question:What kinds of insights and ideas are generated by the information about the everyday practice in multiple cultures?
Idea:Alternative practice-oriented
Bathing suit Standing
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Reservoir
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Culture-inspired approach can…
Provide a wider variety of insights on possible styles of everyday practice than a mono cultural survey
Encourage participants to let go of their conventions and generate ideas with radical innovation that has higher resource-saving potential
D
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Thank you!
Noriko Matsuhashi (Sudo)
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Appendix
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Behavioralnorms
Values and Basic
assumptions
Materials
Model of culture(Based on Moalosi, Popovic and Hickling-Hudson, 2007)
IMAGE
SKILL
STUFF
Model of everyday practice(Shove, after Scott, 2008 )
Recording unit
• As many details as possible• Breaking the bathing practice into many easy elements• Two basic models
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Answer to
questions
Customize
cultural probes
Work on cultural probes,take photos
Hand in answers
Send out a questionnaire
Send out
cultural probes
Hand in cultural probes and photosFeedback interview
1 2
3
4 56
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PR
PR
STEP 1Preparation
STEP 2Self-observation
R RP
P
P
Researcher
Participant
R
STEP 3Wrap-up and complement
Follow‐upInterviewCultural probe
(workbook & recording format)
Survey tools & techniques: PR
P
R
P
Feedback & follow up Interview
Preparatory
interview
Data analysis
Process of information collection
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Unique actions and respective expectations
Smell goodGet soft
Relax
appr. 80-160 liters
Soaking in a bathtub
Get soft
Relax
Get warmRelax muscles
appr. 15-25 liters
Standing under the running water for a while
Brushing teeth under the running water
(without using it)
appr. 10-15 liters
Get warm
Feel
betterGet
clean
Get warmStimulate blood flowRelax muscles
Example of survey findings:
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Watch the
introduction movie
Introduction movie
Homework (workbook)
Personal cardset
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2
STEP 1Preparation for the
workshop
STEP 2Workshop
(creative session)
homework
D
D
3
Conclusions
D Designer
Presentation of the
information
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Idea generation round 2(products)
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
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Idea generation round 1(practices)
Communication tools:
D
D D
Present design assignments
STEP 3Focus group interview
ResearcherR
Questionnaire
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RD
D D
Fill in a questionnaire and interview
Ice break and
introduction
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Idea evaluation
and selection
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Unfinished storyboard
Process of information communication
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PreparationHomework
FeedbackFocus group interview
Process and tools/techniques
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3
R
D
DD
Idea generationWorkshop
Cardsets
Storyboards
Introduction movie
Workbook
Based on “Guidelines for communicating rich experience
information to designers”Sleeswijk Visser (2009)
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Research question 1:
What kinds of information about the everyday practice can play a role in insight and design idea generation?
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Understanding the everyday practice of different cultures• Local context (climate, conditions of resource supply, economic and residence)
• Context of the everyday practice (timing, frequency, duration)
• Facilities and products • Procedure
Generating insights and design ideas• A variety of styles and their respective resource consumption • Actions and their respective resource consumption • Posture and product use• Body movement • Expectations for action with resource• Feelings and emotions during the action
Information that can play a role in…
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General context•Climate•Resource supply condition•Economic condition•Residential condition
Local life
Expectationaction with water use
Context •
Location •
Timing •
Frequency•
Duration (total)•
Style •
Social aspects
Expectation – Action link Action – Resource link
Expectation – Resource link
Resourcebathingeach action
Action•Procedure•Duration•Posture •Movement•Product •Feeling &
Emotion
Bathing practice
Recording units for culture survey
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Research question 3:
How to collect the informationabout everyday practice from multiple cultures?
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The three step survey method with self-observation probes resulted in a rich source of data on the actions involved in the bathing practice from people in three countries. However….
Method used in this study
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R
Researcher
P P
P P P
P PP P
C
Contact person
Participants
• Finding participants and a contact person in unfamiliar countries• Handling of the differences in communication means
Challenges in the survey process
Face‐to‐face
Calling
E‐mail
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• Reduction in the overall workload of participants • Definition of ‘single action’
Handling of the differences in means for recording resource use • Localization of distribution means and languages
Challenges in the survey tools
= duration of shower (min) x 8 liter
= number of mugs x 0.5 liter
Definition of single action can vary by participants
Difference in the way of measuring the amount of water
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Discussion
• A variety of different bathing practices may also be collected through survey in one culture by looking at different people or past
• What is the incentives to change practice? (when and why people have adopted new ways of doing practice in the past?)
• Small-scale experiment of insight and idea generation (depends on researcher and designers)
• Estimation of resource consumption of the new ideas (how to judge the idea is less resource-intensive than current practice)?
• Application of the approach to other everyday practices
• Ideas with radical innovations may be difficult to try out in context of co-designer’s own home
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Further directions
Validation of the effectiveness of culture-inspired approach• Conducting more experimental information collection and
insight/idea generation (mono vs multi culture, with info vs without info)
Method improvements• Process and tools for collecting information (on-line survey?) • Process and tools for communicating information with designers
Practical applications • Application to other everyday practices (different resource)• Incorporation into the practice-oriented co-design (scale and timing)