CULTURE

CULTUREE.B. Tyler & Malissa Quigley Amanda CookCulture:Is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by people as members of society.

E.B TylerKNOWLEDGELearning or knowingExamples:AdditionGrammarLanguage systemsWriting systemsNames

BeliefsAcceptance of the truthExamples:TruthChristianityBuddhism

Art

Any system of rules and principles that facilitates skilled human accomplishments.Examples:MusicSculpturesPaintingsPoetry

MoralsA point of view of right and wrongExamples:Ten CommandmentsPillars of faithBibleBill of RightsKoranLawsAre rulesExamples:Must be 18 years of age to voteBill of Rights

CustomsAn ordinary way of acting or behavingExamples:ChristmasBirthdaysPraying 5 times a day facing MeccaEasterGetting candy at HalloweenSocietyA group of people united by a common way of life

All people, in all places, at all times have cultureCulture is everything you think, do, and have.Two Categories of CultureMaterial This type of culture is concrete. It is everything that can be identified by your senses.Non-Material This type of culture is abstract. It is everything that can not be indentified by your senses.Hypothetical Situation:The country in which we live is going to destroyed. However, there is a capsule that we can fit four material objects. The capsule is 2 feet wide, 2 feet high, and 3 feet long. What would you place in the capsule to represent our culture?Carl SaganVoyager:Algebraic equationSymbol of Man and WomanAll different types of languages on a Golden RecordGreetings from the children of the planet Earth.HeredityIs the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

Family Heritage- Family TreeCultural Heritage- Ancestral Hints: customs like German chocolate cake

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10.FamiliesNuclear familyParentsOffspring

Extended familyParentsOffspringGrandparentsUnclesCousinsEtc.CivilizationsA level of cultural developmentWhat are the four characteristic of a civilization?PeopleLaws or rulesSheltersLanguage system

Social NormsA social rule. A standard rule of conduct or an accepted behavior in a society.What are the three types of social norms?

Social Norm1) Folkways- ordinary rules of daily behavior2) Mores- are customs which are believed to be necessary to the welfare of society 3) Laws- rules

HistoryEdward Carr- unending dialogue between the present and the past.

Have social norms developed as a result of your history?True or FalseExplain why it is True or False

How did social norms develop? Define the following terms:Archaeology-is the study of early human remainsArchaeologists-is an expert who studies past human lifeAnthropology-is the study of the origins of human beings and their cultural developmentPaleoanthropologist- is an expert who studies ancient fossils of peopleEconomic Organization- One of the seven cultural systems, refers to that system of production, allocation, distribution of goods and services needed to meet the basic needsProcedures of ArcheologyStep 1Getting your degreeStep 2Select a site and develop a research design Step 3Get an adequate permit. Step 4Establish the budget Procedures cont.Step 5Identify laboratory experts to whom you will send samples Step 6Survey the area and bring toolStep 7Design any preprinted forms and field notebooks to use for recording data. Step 8Plan for publication.

Pictures of Archaeological Dig

Can you guess what happened at this dig site?

Can you guess what happed at this dig site?

TorralbaI. Problem: What happened in area 1,2,3,4? II. Legend:Area1 Area 2 Area 3 Area4 Cleaver

Legend: Area 1Area 2Area 3Area 4Cleaver2BifaceSide scrapperFlake toolWaste flake Retouched flakeHammer-stoneCoreWoodUnworked stoneCharcoalMissing categorylll.Hypothesis: Area 1

Area 2

Area 3

Area 4 IV. Archaeological Dating: Relative DatingStratigraphyTree Ring DatingArcheomagneticObsidian HydrationCarbon 14Define the following:Paleolithic NeanderthalHunters-GatherersCro-MagnonSubsistenceNeolithicSurplusGeneralizedSpecializedHomo erectusHomo habilisEconomic OrganizationRefers to that system of production, allocation, and distribution of goods and services needed to meet the basic needs.Production-What do we produce?Allocation-Who gets what is produced? How much? Who gets it first?Distribution-How we get the products to the people?

What is the United States economic system?Capitalism-Free enterpriseHierarchy of Mankind Hierarchy-System of rankingHunters and GatherersHunted animals and gathered berriesTechnology: GeneralizedEconomics: Subsistence

Nomadic HerdersMoved with their livestockNomadic- moving from place to placeTechnology: GeneralizedEconomics: SubsistenceHorticulturalWorked the land by using hand toolsMethod called slash and burnTechnology: GeneralizedEconomics: SubsistenceAgricultural Non CommercialWorked the land by using wooden plows and animalsTechnology: Semi SpecializedEconomic: Subsistence

Agricultural CommercialWorked the land using machineryTechnology: SpecializedEconomic: Surplus

IndustrialThe rise of factoriesTechnology: SpecializedEconomics: Surplus

Informational AgeThe ability to transfer information freelyTechnology: SpecializedEconomics: Surplus

Historical DatesB.C-B.C.E-A.D.-C.E.-Time Periods:Prehistoric-Ice Age-Paleolithic-Neolithic-Historic-

SpeciesHomo habilisskillful manLouis Leakey

Homo erectusman who walks uprightRichard LeakeyDonald Johanson-Lucy

SpeciesNeanderthalsDiscovered in the valley of Neander, GermanyHomo sapien- man who thinks

Cro-MagnonDiscovered in FranceHomo sapien- man who thinks

Homo sapien sapien- fully modern people

Species Homo habilis Homo erectusNeanderthal Cro-Magnon Homo Sapien SapienREVIEWTwo categories of culture Material Non Material Heredity transmission of characteristics to offspring Civilization level of cultural development All people in all places at all times have culture Social Norms - Social RuleTypes of social norms folkways, mores, and lawsEconomic Organization production, allocation distribution Name famous archeologist Richard Leakey, Louis LeakeyHistory Non-ending Dialogue, Edward CarrEconomic system of US capitalism

REVIEW Nomadic Move from place to place Sedentary Settle down Hunters and gatherers Live during the ice age, nomadic Generalized Technology One tool with many functions Subsistence Eat what you produce, produce what you eatPaleolithic Old Stone Age Homo habilis Man with ability, Louis LeakeyHomo erectus Man who walks upright , Richard LeakeyNeanderthal Germany Cro-magnon FranceLucy- discovered by Donald JohansonBaton- use bone or wood to make a stone tool

REVIEWNeolithic New Stone AgeB.C. Before Christ , B.C.E- Before Common EraA.D. Anno Domini, C.E.- Common EraCarl Sagon - Placed items in space shipVoyager SpaceshipExtended Family Grandparents, parents, & offspring Nuclear Family Parents and offspring Historic Written records Prehistoric No written recordsAnvil Stone struck against fixed stone Homo Sapiens man who thinksHomo Sapien Sapien- fully modern man