Culture and Beliefs-my Life is in Your Hand

8/11/2019 Culture and Beliefs-my Life is in Your Hand

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Culture and beliefs

The Bilaan live in in Lake Sebu and other municipalities of South Cotabato and are oneof the major non-Islamic tribal groups in the Southern Philippines.The are famous fortheir rich and colorful cultural heritage! ethnic art and handcrafts like the brass

ornaments and traditional bead"ork. Colorful native costumes "oven from abaca anddecorated "ith embroider! buttons! beads and heav brass belts "ith numerous tinbells are "orn b the "omen of the Bilaan! making their approach heard! even from afar distance. The se#uin-like capi$ shells called takmonare used to give a distinctdesign and color to their clothes! among the "omen! the intricatel beaded "oodencomb! the swat san salahis a must.The Bilaans have their o"n sstem of "eaving using abaca fiber! before "eaving thetpical patterns! rituals are held in accordance "ith the Bilaan culture! but onl the"eavers kno" about these rituals and before making an pattern or design divineguidance is first sought. It is believed that the designs "ere imparted to the dreamerthrough the l'nilong%fairies&! "ho are considered guardians of nature. Their handicraft

and traditional attires are being brought to almost ever ceremon and are consideredas priceless possessions that are offered as do"ries during "eddings and used aspament for crimes committed against a person or clan or for settling disputes among"arring clans.The Bilaan culture is uni#ue! the tribe practices indigenous rituals for almost everthingthat the do because of their belief on the supremac of the great Creatornamed Maluor D'wata! "ho is the source of everthing. The Bilaan are strong believerson the interdependenc "ith the environment and must respect the "ill of the Creatorand are not allo"ed to touch or destro an creature or object "ithout 'is permission.The believe that there is onl one supreme being that rules the cosmos and in the

e(istence of a soul "hich upon leaving the bod causes illness and even death. Bilaanmen "ear their hair long and have tattoos on their back! chest legs and arms! some ofthe main characteristics practised b men and "oman of this tribe is the shaving of theeebro"s and the blackening of their tongues and filed incisors.)usical instruments! like "ooden lutes! flutes and bamboo tubes "ith strings are usede(tensivel "ith their rituals and dances. *ne of the "ell kno"n ritual dance is the BlitB'laan. a courtship dance of the imitating the movements of the male and female birdsduring mating season.

+mong the Bilaan in Southern )indanao! a hand"oven mat spread on the ground orthe floor marks a sacred space. + stor told on a B,laan mat must tell the truth. It isbelieved that the good spirits "ill join the communing human beings. *nl "hen keepingther faith! other"ise it "ill not "ork. These mats are also spread out to mediate conflictsb tribal leaders named Datuor the tribal elders.Close famil ties have al"as been recogni$ed as one of the core values of Bilaanfamilies and are deepl embedded in their culture! the life of the Bilaan evolves aroundtheir famil that usuall lives "ithin one compound! consisting of more than one spouseand e(tended relatives living together. To protect their propert and to secure


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themselves from intrusions! most marriages are limited to close relatives! "ithin thiscommunit cousins are allo"ed to marr each other.The Bilaan of Southern )indanao are still upholding their traditional "as of living! theirvalues and their distinctive culture! it is impressive to see ho" this communit canadjust and find meaning in life in a modern Philippine societ.

http""".thingsasian.comstories-photos/0122

Family LamiaceaeMayana

Coleus scutellarioides

PAINTED NETTLE

Other scientific names Common names

Coleus blumei Benth 3afronaa %Span.&

Coleus blumei 3aponaa %Bis.&

Coleus blancoi Lapunaa %Bis.&

Coleus grandifolius )alaina %Tag.&

Coleus forskohlii Saimau %Sul.&

Plectranthus scutellarioides Taponaa %Bis.&

Solenostemon scutellarioides Tapunaa %Bis.&

Coleus %4ngl.&

Painted nettle %4ngl.&

+hijado %Span.&

)aana is a shared common name of %5& Coleus atropurpureus! badiara! and %6&Coleus blumei.
http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/39855http://www.stuartxchange.org/Mayana.htmlhttp://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/39855http://www.stuartxchange.org/Mayana.html


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Taxonomy7uisumbing,s compilation lists Coleus atropurpureus %badiara& and Coleus blumei%maana& as separate species. )ore recent compilations list the species assnonmous. 8. 'ene does not separate it from C. blumei %no" Solenostemonscutellarioides&.

Botany4rect! branched! flesh annual herb! about 5 m high. Stems! purplish and 9-angled.Leaves are blotched or colored! ovate! 2-5: cm long! "ith toothed margins. ;lo"ers arepurplish! numerous! in simple or branched inflorescences! 52-/: cm long.

DistribtionIntroduced in the Philippines.Cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Constitents


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affected areas for /: minutes! three times dail. >se a bandage to hold the poultice inplace.= Carminative Take decoctions of leaves.= 'eadache Pound leaves and appl over temples and nape.= )ild bleeding of "ounds ?ash the oung leaves@ crush and e(tract the juice. 3rop a

fe" drops of the juice directl on the "ound. +ppl the crushed leaves as poultice.= Sinusitis 'eat 5:-56 fresh leaves over a fire@ appl "hile still hote over the foreheadfor the frontal sinues or over the cheeks for the ma(illar sinuses! t"ice dail.= 3spepsia 3ecoction! taken internall.= 4edrops for ee inflammation.= Aeported use in +sian traditional medicine for asthma! angina! bronchitis! epileps!insomnia! skin rashes and various digestive problems. In India! fresh juice of leaf and stem is mi(ed "ithh the juice of ra" Citrus fruits andapplied over the skin during scorpion bite.

$t!ies

Antimicrobial % Diter"enes& 3iastereomeric 3iterpenes from Coleus blume Studielded a ne" abietane tpe diterpene that "ho"ed antimicrobial activit against Bsubtilis! P aeruginosa and C albicans. Antioxi!ant&+ntio(idant +ctivit of Coleus Blumei! *rthosiphon Stamineus! *cimumbasilicum and )entha arvensis from Lamiaceae ;amil Stud sho"ed all methanolsamples e(hibited antio(idant activit and suggested that Lamiaceae plants haspharmaceutical potential for its antio(idant properties. Fors'olin % Erectile Dysfnction& Stud has sho"n forskolin ma enhance smoothmuscle rela(ation. Studies are needed to assess the use of coleus in the treatment oferectile dsfunction. Anthelmintic& Leaf e(tract sho"ed high efficac against 'menolepsis nana %mice&. Anal(esic % Anti)Inflammatory % Antimicrobial&

Stud isolated a mi(ture of sterolsand triterpenes from the leaves of Coleus blumei. The isolates e(hibited analgesic! anti-inflammator and antimicrobial activities. The stud also isolated capesterol! a-amrinand b-amrin.

A*ailability?ildcrafted.

Family MyrtaceaeBayabas

Psidium guajava Linn.+#A,A

ther scientific names Common names

sidium cujavus Linn. Bagabas %Ig.& aiabit %If.&

sidium aromaticum Blanco Baabas %Ilk.! Tag.& eabas %Bon.&

sidium priferum Linn. Baabo %Ibn.& uaabas %Tag.&

sidium pomiferum Linn. Baauas %Bik.! Pang.& uabas%Ilk.! Tag.&


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Baa"as %Bik.& 8alimbahin %Tag.&

Biabas %Sul.& Taabas %Tag.&

aiabat %If.& uava %4ngl.&

BotanySome"hat hair oung branches are 9-angled "ith opposite leaves. ;lo"ers "ith in-curved petals!cotton "hite! coming out in t"o,s or three,s in the leaf a(ils. umerous stamens form the attractive partof the flo"er. Inferior ovaries develop into roundish green fruits that turn ello" on ripening and haveedible! aromatic! seed pulp.

Distribtion?idel distributed in the Philippines. Common in backards. ?ell-kno"n because of its edible fruit.Propagation b seeds! budding! grafting! and marcotting. Aoot cuttings have been tried "ith success.

Parts tili-e!Lea*es

Chemical constitents an! "ro"erties;i(ed oil! DE@ volatile %essential& oil! :./D2E@ eugenol@ tannin 1-52E@ saponins@ amdalin@ phenolic acidsmalic acid@ ash! aldehdes.Contains cate#uinic components and flavonoids.)ajor constituents of leaves are tannins! F-sitosterol! maslinic acid! essential oils! triterpenoids andflavonoids.

+ndiarrheal! antiseptic! antispasmodic! antio(idant hepatoprotective! anti-allerg! antimicrobial!antigenoto(ic! antiplasmodial! cardioactive! anticough! antidiabetic! antiinflammator! antinociceptive.

#sesutrition


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3ecoction or infusion of fresh leaves used for "ound cleaning to prevent infection and to facilitatehealing.?arm decoction of leaves for aromatic baths.;or diarrhea! boil for 52 minutes 9 to D tablespoons of chopped leaves in 51 ounces of "ater. Strain and

cool. 3rink 59 of the decoction ever / - 9 hours.;or toothache! ce" 6-/ oung leaves and put into the tooth cavit@;or gum s"elling! che" leaves or use the leaf decoction as mouth"ash / times dail@ che"ed leaves.;or skin ulcers! pruritic or infected "ounds +ppl decoction of leaves or unripe fruit as "ash or the leafpoultice on the "ound or use the decoction for "ound cleansing. It is also popularl used for the "oundhealing of circumcision "ounds.osebleeds3ensel roll the baabas leaves and place into the nostril cavit.


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+a*a Extracts an! 3a!iolabellin(&Stud sho"ed a#ueous P e(tract could present antio(idantaction and affect membrane structures in ion transport altering radiolabelling of blood constituents "ithTechnitium %Tc00m& and precautions applied to nuclear medicine procedures on patients using guavae(tracts. Anti!iabetic&Stud of e(tract of leaves of P sho"ed to possess antidiabetic effect in tpe 6 diabetic

mice model! the effect in part! mediated via the inhibition of PTP5B %protein trosine phosphatase 5B&. Phytochemical % Try"anoci!al&Stud sho"ed that P leaf e(tract possessed trpanocidal propertiesattributed to broad antimicrobial and iron chelating activit of flavonoids and tannins. Iron chelation "assuggested as a effective "a of killing trpanosomes. Antitmor&Stud sho"ed P guajava e(tracts to be efficacious in preventing tumor development bdepressing Tr cells %regulator&. Antioxi!ant&Stud of methanolic e(tract of P leaves sho"ed in vitro free radical scavenging activit Anti"roliferati*e % Anticancer&+ stud on the antiproliferative activit of essential oil from 5G thaimedicinal plants on human mouth epidermal carcioma %8B& and murine leukemia %P/11& cell lines. In th8B cell line! Psidium guajava leaf oil sho"ed the highest anti-proliferative activit! more than 9( morepotent than vincristine. The results suggested the potential of Thai medicinal plants for cancer treatment

Anti!iarrheal % Microbici!al&%5& + stud concludes that guava sprout e(tracts is a feasible treatmentoption for diarrhea caused b 4 coli or S aureus-produced to(ins! "ith #uick curative action! easaccessibilit and lo" cost. %6& + morphine-like spasmoltic action involving the inhibition of acetlcholinerelease and the transmural transport of electroltes and "ater has been reported as possible modes ofantidiarrheal action of P guajava leaf e(tracts. The e(tract also inhibited the gro"th of causative agentsfor enteric fecver! food poisoning! dsenter and cholera. Antis"asmo!ic&In a stud of acute diarrheic disease! a phtodrug developed from guava leaves!standardi$ed "ith its #uercetin content! e(hibited a decrease in the duration of abdominal pain. Antioxi!ant % 2y"ocholeterolemic&+ stud done to determine the effects of guava consumption onantio(idant status and lipid profile in normal male outh sho"ed a significant increase in level of totalantio(idants and reduced o(idative stress and also increase the level of '3L cholesterol significantl. Anti)#lcer&

Stud sho"ed rats pretreated "ith P guajava e(tract from fresh tender leaves sho"edantiulcer activit in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer model "ith a significant reduction of ulcer inde(! pepsinactivit! free and total acidit! volume and mucus content of gastric juice.

A*ailability?ild-crafted.

Family ,erbenaceaeLa(n!iVitex negundo Linn.

FI,E)LEA,ED C2A$TE T3EE'uang Ching


!ite" leuco"lon Blanco 3abtan %If.&

3angla %Ilk.&

8amalan %Tag.&


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Lagundi %Ibn.! Tag.! Bik.! P. Bis.&

LiHgei %Bon.&

Limo-limo %Ilk.&

Sagarai %Bag.&

Turaga %Bis.& ;ive-leaved chaste tree %4ngl.&

'uang Ching %Chin.&

+gno-casto %Spanish&

Lagundi is a shared common name b t"o


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Pro"erties= Plant is considered antiinflammator! astringent! antibacterial! antifungal! analgesic!alterant! depurative! rejuvinating! stomachic.= Aoots considered tonic! febrifuge! antirheumatic! diuretic and e(pectorant.= Leaves are considered aromatic! bitter! anti-inflammator! bronchial smooth muscle

rela(ant!! vermifuge.= ;lo"ers are astringent! carminative! hepatoprotective! digestive! vermifuge andfebrifuge.= ;ruit is considered nervine! cephalic! aphrodisiac! emmenagogue and vermifuge.

Constitents= nani! leaves and seeds used for rheumatism and joint inflammation.3ecoction of leaves taken as a diuretic.Aecent >seLagundi has been proven to be an effective analgesic and antitussive %prepared as apleasant tasting cough srup& and has been considered as a replacement forde(tromethorphan in the public health sstem.e" +pplicationStudies have sho"n benefit through reduction of coughing and rela(ation of thebronchial smooth muscles. Being promoted b the 3epartment of 'ealth %3*'& forcough and asthma. *ne of a fe" herbs recentl registered "ith the Bureau of ;oodsand 3rugs %B;+3& as medicines.

$t!ies


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Anti),enom& Tested against


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e(tract! ma(imum antifungal activit agaiinst all species tested. +astro"rotecti*e % Fla*onoi!s& Stud in albino rats investigating the gastroprotectiveactivit of the a#ueous e(tract of


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Moringa oleiferaBEN OIL T3EE

La mu


Moringa nu"#ben +runggai %Pang.&M. ptergosperma Balungai %P. Bis.&

$uilandina moringa 3ool %Bik.&

8amalongan %P. Bis.&

8alamungai %C. Bis.&

8alungai %Bik.! Bis.! Tag.&

8alungga %Bik.&

8amalungai %Pamp.! Tag.&

8omkompilan %Ilk.&

)olongai %Tag.&)alunggue %Pamp.&

)alungit %Pamp.! Bis.&

)aroHgoi %Sbl.&

)aruHgaai %Ilk.! Ibn.&

3rumstick tree %4ngl.&

'orse-radish tree %4ngl.&

La mu %Chin.&

Ben oil tree %4ngl.&

BotanyTree gro"s as high as 0 m! "ith a soft and "hite "ood and cork and gumm bark. Aoot has the taste ohorseradish. 4ach compound leaf contains /-0 ver thin leaflets dispersed on a compound %/ times


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pinnate& stalk. ;lo"ers are "hite and fragrant! producing long! pendulous! 0-ribbed pods! "ith /-angled"inged seeds.

Distribtion= Introduced from )alaa or some other part of tropical +sia in prehistoric times.

= ro"n throughout the Philippines in settled areas as a backard vegetable and as a border plant.= 3rought resistant and gro"s in practicall all kinds of "ell-drained soils. Conserves "ater b sheddingleaves during dr season.

Pro"a(ation= Propagation b seeds and stem cuttings.= )ature malungga cuttings should be 6 cm or more in diameter and not less than 1: cm %/: inches& inlength. )ature cuttings are preferred as the sprout earlier and gro" faster.= The onl pests kno"n to attack malungga are mites of the Tetranchus spp.

Parts tili-e!

;lo"ers! leaves! oung pods

Pro"erties= alactagogue! rubefacient! antiscorbutic! diuretic! stimulant! purgative! antibiotic! antifungal.= +ntiinflammator! antitumor activities on mice studies.= +ntio(idant! anti-aging! anti-ulcer.= 4strogenic! antiprogestational! hpoglcemic! antihperthroidism! hpocholesterolemic!antihperthroid! antispasmodic.= Considered abortifacient and emmenagogue.= Purported to be beneficial for decreasing blood pressure! relieving headaches and migraines! reducinginflammator and arthritic pains! anti-ulcer! anti-tumor. Purported to be beneficial for decreasing blood

pressure! relieving headaches and migraines! reducing inflammator and arthritic pains.

Constitents= Ben oil! /DE - palmitic! stearic! mristic! oleic! and behenic acids! phtosterin@ t"o alkaloids the mi(turof "hich has the same action as epinephrine.= Studies of )* leaves have ielded phtochemicals to "hich are attributed hpotensive effects and antcancer properties. The root bark has se( hormone-related properties. %Source&= Aoot bark contains alkaloids! moringine "hich is similar to ben$lamine! and moringinine@ traces ofessential oil! phtosterol! "a(es and resins. +lso contains a rich combination of $eatin! #uercetin! beta-sitosterol! caffeol#uinic acid! ptergospermin and kaemferol.

#sesCommercial*il! kno"n as ben oil! e(tracted from flo"ers can be used as illuminant! ointment base! and absorbent inthe enfleurage process of e(tracting volatile oils from flo"ers. The oil! applied locall! has also beenhelpful for arthritic pains! rheumatic and gout joints.utritional= ;lo"ers! leaves andpods eaten as a vegetable.= Source of calcium! iron! phosphorus and vitamins +! B and C.
http://cmsprepub.medscape.com/viewarticle/551169_2http://cmsprepub.medscape.com/viewarticle/551169_2


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= 'igh in '3L %high densit lipoproteins&@ a source of amino acids! omega oils! antio(idants.= Comparative content ram for gram! G times the vitamin C in oranges! 9 times the calcium and t"icethe protein in milk! 9 times the vitamin + in carrots! / times the potassium in bananas.= 5:: gms or 5 cup of cooked malungga leaves contain /.5 g protein! :.D g fiber! 0D mg calcium! 60 mg

phosphorus! 5.G mg iron! 6!16: mg beta-carotene! :.:G mg thiamin! :.59a mg riboflavin! 5.5 mg niacin!and 2/ mg of vitamin C. %3r. Ldia )arero of the ;ood and 3rug Aesearch Institute -;AI&Breastfeeding "omen= )alungga leaves and pods are helpful in increasing breast milk in the breastfeeding months. *netablespoon of leaf po"der provide 59E of the protein! 9:E of the calcium! 6/E of the iron and most ofthe vitamin + needs of a child aged one to three. Si( tablespoons of leaf po"der "ill provide nearl all othe "oman,s dail iron and calcium needs during pregnanc and breastfeeding.;olkloric3ecoction of leaves used for hiccups! asthma! gout! back pain! rheumatism! "ounds and sores.Joung leaves increases the flo" of milk.Pods for intestinal parasitism.

Constipation Leaves and fruit3ecoction of boiled roots used to "ash sores and ulcers.3ecoction of the bark used for e(citement! restlessness.Pounded roots used as poultice for inflammator s"elling.Kuice of roots is used for otalgia.3ecoction of roots is use as gargle for hoarseness and sore throat.Boiled leaves used to help increase lactation.Seeds for hpertension! gout! asthma! hiccups! and as a diuretic.Aheumatic complaints 3ecoction of seeds@ or! po"dered roasted seeds applied to affected area.Kuice of the root "ith milk used for asthma! hiccups! gout! lumbago.Poultice of leaves applied for glandular s"elling.

Pounded fresh leaves mi(ed "ith coconut oil applied to "ounds and cuts.The flo"ers boiled "ith so milk thought to have aphrodisiac #ualit.= In ?est Bengal! India! roots taken b "omen! esp prostitutes! for permanent contraception %Studieshave sho"n total inactivation or suppression of the reproductive sstem&.

$t!ies= )oringa preparations have been cited often in scientific literature as antibiotic! antiinflammator!hpocholesterolemic and hpoglcemic. 'o"ever! man of the reports are not placebo-controlledrandomi$ed clinical trials. Antiinflammatory % Anti)tmor&+nti-inflammtor and +ntitumor +ctivities of Seeds 4(tracts of)alungga4+ stud sho"ed the crude ethanol e(tract of dried seeds inhibited the carrageenan-induceinflammation in the hind pa" of mice b 12E at a dosage of / mgg bod "eight@ the mature greenseeds b GGE. The crude ethanol e(tract also inhibited the formation of 4pstein-Barr virus-earl antigen%4B


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centrall acting mechanisms. Asthma&+ntiasthmatic activit of )oringa oleifera Lam&+ clinical stud Stud sho"ed improvement forced vital capacit! ;4


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?ound "ash +ppl crushed leaves directl to the "ound! maintaining cleanliness duriing the process.=Biofel sorce= )oringa oil e(tracted from the seed of the malungga plant is no" being tapped as source of biodieseIt is gaining preferable status over Katropha as a source of biofuel. +ll parts of the malungga plant are

used "hereas Katropha is left "ith poisonous "aste after oil e(traction. +lso! malungga needs onl oneto t"o ears for seedling maturation compared to Katropha,s three to five ears. The math ofmalungga,s commercial potential is attractive Seeds are bought at P5: per kilo! and a hectare ofmalungga seedlings can harvest 6:!::: kilos in 6 ears "ith a potential profit of P6::!:::. %PhilippineStar&

Toxicities Aoot bark contains 6 alkaloids! as "ell as the to(ic hpotensive moringinine. 'as dose-dependent negative inotropic effect! in isolated frog heart stud.= ia$inin +! nia$imicin and nia$iminin + and B isolated from the ethanol e(tract produced hpotensive!bradcardic and negative inotropic effects in e(perimental animals.

= The bark ma cause violent uterine contractions that can be fatal. Chronic high-dose use ma causeliver and kidne dsfunctions.= In fre#uent or large doses! Interior flesh of the plant can cause to(ic nerve paralsis from the alkaloidspirochin. source

$"ertitions)alungga ingestion is avoided in the immediate period after a famil member,s death. In thesuperstitions-laden isms of rural Tagalog life! as a malungga branch or t"ig "ill shed off all its leaves"ithin a fe" hours of being snapped off a tree! ingesting malungga might bring death to a relative.

+voiding its use is strongl advised during the ritual of nine das of praers after a death.

A*ailability?ild-crafted.arden and back-ard cultivation.Commercial production of oil e(tracted from flo"ers.)alungga capsule %atalac& - containing 62: mg dried oung malungga leaves! one to t"o capsulesdail.)iracle tree products in the cbermarkets.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1924986http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1924986


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Family $a"otaceaeCaimito

Chrysophyllum cainito Linn.

$TA3 APPLECommon names

Caimito %Tag.&

Camito %Bis.&

Cainito %4ngl.&

Star apple %4ngl.&


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Botany

+ tree "ith a spreading cro"n! gro"ing to a height of 52 meters "ith numerous slender

branches. Joung tips are copper-collored and covered "ith hairs. Leaves are leather!

pointed at the tip! blunt or rounded at the base and covered "ith silk! golden-bro"n soft

hairs. The flo"ers are purplish-"hite! small and clustered in the a(ils of leaves. The fruit

is large and rounded! D to 5: cm in diameter! shin and smooth! purplish or light-green

skinned! "ith a translucent "hitish or purplish pulp surrounding flatterned seeds about 5

to 5.2 cm long. The flesh is fibrous! s"eet! mild and pleasant tasting.

Chemical constitents an! characteristicsSeed contains saponin! pouterin! and a bitter principle %lucumin& and a fi(ed oil.Leaves contain an amorphous bitter principle! some alkaloids and no saponin.Pectoral! tonic! stimulant.

Bark is rich in tannin.Seed is tonic! diuretic and febrifuge.

DistribtionCultivated for its edible fruit.

Parts se! an! "re"arationSeeds! leaves! bark! fruit.

#ses;olkloric

= 3senter 3ecoction of the bark.= Tonic Infusion of the bark is tonic and refreshing.= Late( is used for abscesses.= 3ried late( used as antihelminthic.= In some countries! the fruit is used for diabetes.= Bitter seed sometimes used as tonic! for diarrhea and fevers.= ;ruit eaten for inflammation in larngitis and pneumonia.= >sed for diabetes.= 3ecoction used for angina.= In the Ivor Coast! decoction of leaves used for hpertension.= In


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stud on fruit e(tracts ielded nine kno"n phenolic antio(idants. %6& Stud of e(tracts of56 edible fruits sho"ed nine to e(hibit high antio(idant activit@ C cainito ieldedcanidin-/-*-F-glucopranoside! an anthocaninc antio(idant. ,asorelaxant&+ preliminar stud on the rela(ant effect of the crude e(tract andfractions of the bark of Chrsophllum cainito L. in isolated rat thoracic aorta

)ethanolic bark e(tract stud on rats sho"ed vasorela(ant activit on the smoothmuscle. Lectin Acti*ity&Plant samples of 5G1 species and D6 families "ere studied for lectinactivit. Potent lectins possessing more than 5::!::: unites per gram "ere found in thefruits e(tracts of C arabica and Chrsophllum cainito. Anti!iabetic Acti*ity&Stud of the a#ueous decoction of C cainito leaves sho"edhpoglcemic activit at doses of Q 6: gl. ;rom /: gl! the plant "ould e(ert a to(iceffect. 2y"otensi*e Effect&Phtochemical stud attributes the hpotensive effect flavonoids"ith vasodilation effect and inhibition of adrenergic receptors.

A*ailability?ild-crafted.

Cultivated for its edible fruit.

Seasonal market produce.

Tinctures of bark! leaves and fruits in the cbermarket

Family ,erbenaceaeLa(n!i

Vitex negundo Linn.FI,E)LEA,ED C2A$TE T3EE

'uang Ching


!ite" leuco"lon Blanco 3abtan %If.&

3angla %Ilk.&

8amalan %Tag.&

Lagundi %Ibn.! Tag.! Bik.! P. Bis.&

LiHgei %Bon.&

Limo-limo %Ilk.&

Sagarai %Bag.&

Turaga %Bis.&

;ive-leaved chaste tree %4ngl.&

'uang Ching %Chin.&

+gno-casto %Spanish&

Lagundi is a shared common name b t"o


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Botany4rect! branched tree or shrub! 6-2 m high. Leaves usuall 2-foliate! rarel "ith / leafletsonl. Leaflets lanceolate! entire! 9-5: cm long! slightl hair beneath. Panicles terminal!slightl hair! man-flo"ered! 5:-6: cm long@ additional a(illar ones often present.;lo"ers blue to lavender! D-G mm long. ;ruit globose! black "hen ripe! about 9 mm indiameter.

Distribtion

?idel distributed in the Philippines@ in thickets and "aste places@ flo"ering ear round.Best propagated b use of mature! leafless stem cuttings.

Parts tili-e!Leaves! bark! roots and seeds. Leaves ma be harvested three months afterestablishment.

Pro"erties= Plant is considered antiinflammator! astringent! antibacterial! antifungal! analgesic!alterant! depurative! rejuvinating! stomachic.= Aoots considered tonic! febrifuge! antirheumatic! diuretic and e(pectorant.

= Leaves are considered aromatic! bitter! anti-inflammator! bronchial smooth musclerela(ant!! vermifuge.

Constitents=


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= Stud on essential oils sho"ed B-carophllene common to leaves! flo"ers and driedfruits.= Leaves contain an alkloid nishindine! flavones! luteolin-G-glucoside! casticin! iridoidglcosides.= Seeds contain hdrocarbons! B-sitosterol! ben$oic acid and phthalic acid!

antiinflammator diterpene! flavonoids and triterpenoids.

#ses;olkloricLeaf decoction for fever! headache! toothache! cough! asthma.%5& ;or fever and toothaches! boil D tbsp of the chopped leaves in 6 glasses of "ater for52 minutes@ strain and cool. 3ivide the decoction in / parts and take one part ever /-9hours. +lso! bruised leaves ma be applied to forehead.%6& ;or asthma and cough Take 59 of the decoction three times a da.Pounded leaves applies on the forehead and temples for headaches.%/& +romatic bath or sponge bathing Boil 9 handfuls of leaves in a pot of "ater for 2

minutes@ use the luke"arm decoction for sponge bathing.%9& ?ounds and ulcers >se infusion of leaves as "ash.= In+urvedaand >nani! leaves and seeds used for rheumatism and joint inflammation.3ecoction of leaves taken as a diuretic.Aecent >seLagundi has been proven to be an effective analgesic and antitussive %prepared as apleasant tasting cough srup& and has been considered as a replacement forde(tromethorphan in the public health sstem.e" +pplicationStudies have sho"n benefit through reduction of coughing and rela(ation of thebronchial smooth muscles. Being promoted b the 3epartment of 'ealth %3*'& for

cough and asthma. *ne of a fe" herbs recentl registered "ith the Bureau of ;oodsand 3rugs %B;+3& as medicines.

$t!ies Anti),enom& Tested against


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ne" isolated flavone glcoside and a kno"n compound to have significant antifungalactivit against Tricophton mentagrophtes and Crptococcus neoformans. %6& 4thanole(tract of fruit seeds sho"ed significant activit against ;usarium solani and moderateresponse against )icrosporum canis "ith no effect against C albicans.= Lar*ici!al&3ifferential larvicidal efficac of four species of


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and globulol %50.6E&. Antinocice"ti*e % Anti)Inflammatory % $ee!s& Stud sho"ed ethanol e(tract of


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Botany4rect! smooth plant "ith thickened and aromatic rootstocks. Leaf stems are :.9 to 5meter high. Leaves are distichous! lanceolate to linear-lanceolate! 52-62 cm long! and 6cm "ide or less. Scape from rootstock is erect! 52-62 cm high! covered "ith imbricatebracts. Cal( is 5 cm long. Corolla is greenish-ello" "ith a tube less than 6 cm long.

Distribtion?idel cultivated in the Philippines.

Parts tili-e!Tops! leaves and edible roots.

Constitents= Pungent principles! mainl $ingerone and shogaol! provides the characteristic taste.= The most biologicall active phenolic compounds! gingerols and shogaols! are found inthe root.=


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#sesutritional;lavoring for ginger ale! ginger beer! and other beverages.Salabat! a native beverage! is prepared from the rhi$omes.

+ prominent condiment in ;ilipino cuisine.

Taken "ith rocksalt before meals is cleansing to the tongue and throat and increasesthe appetite.;olkloric

+ntiseptic Prepare tincture of dried rhi$ome "ith G:E alcohol %not rubbing alchol& andappl on superficial cuts and "ounds or use juice from fresh rhi$ome.

+s digestive aid and for flatulence and tmpanism Take decoction of the rhi$ome astea.Aheumatism Pound roasted rhi$ome! mi( "ith oil and appl locall.Sore throat and hoarseness Take "arm decoction of the rhi$ome as ginger tea%salabat& or che" a small piece of rhi$ome.Cough remed and carminative.

3iuretic.'angovers.'eadaches inger plaster %bruised ginger in "ater to the consistenc of poultice&applied to the forehead. Same preparation ma be helpful for toothaches and facialpain.In+urvedicmedicine! used for inflammation and rheumatism.In Chinesefolk medicine! pulveri$ed fresh ginger used for baldness and vitiligo. Kuicefrom fresh root used for treatment of burns.e" uses Motion $ic'ness % Pre(nancy)relate! Nasea +ntiemetic properties. >sed forausea! motion sickenss %5 gm taken 56 hour before the voage&. Stimulates

digestion. Possibl antiinflammator.Preparations +in(er teainger tea preparation! the Chinese "a Bring one cup of "ater to boil. +dd oneteaspoon of the roasted %parched and bro"ned& rice and a small piece of ginger root.Boil for one minute. Let stand to cool for drinking. %Preparation of dried rice Pourenough "ater to cover 56 cup "hite rice in a flat dish@ and let stand overnight. In themorning! drain off the e(cess "ater. Aoast the rice in a dr pan! stirring constantl untilparched and bro"n. Store in a glass jar for future use! tightl covered to keep moistureout.& +in(er lo-en(es= ?ash and peel the ginger! then mince.= Spread and air-dr for a da or oven-dr at 62: C.= rind and strain the dried ginger.R In a mortar! mi( 5 cup ground giner and 5 cup confectioner,s sugar.= Pound and mi( "hile graduall adding "ater until a pulp is formed.= Level the pulp on a board lined "ith "a( paper.= >sing a mold! make balls from the pulp and "rap each lo$enge in aluminum foil.2o. to ma'e me!icate! can!ies from "o.!ere! rhi-omes


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Materialls/ "ro"ortion an! "roce!re+o to Tra!itional an! Mo!ern Me!icinehttptraditionalmed.blogspot.com6::G:5ho"-to-prepare-ginger-lo$enges.html

$t!ies

Pro'inetic& Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of ginger in gastrointestinaldisorders Stud confirmed prokinetic activit of the e(tract. Spasmoltic constituentsma e(plain its use in hperactive states as in colic and diarrhea. Anti!iarrheal& Stud results indicate that in the absence of antimicrobial action! officinale e(hibits its antidiarrheal activit b affecting bacterial and host cell metabolism.= Antibacterial +ntibacterial +ctivit *f +llium cepa %*nions& +nd ingiber officinale%inger& *n Staphlococcus aureus +nd Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated ;rom 'igh


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efficac for preventing motion sickness or post-operative nausea.Anti)Inflammatory % Antibacterial % 2y"o(lycemic % Anal(esic& Stud of ethanole(tract sho"ed %5& reduction of carrageenan-induced pa" s"elling and east-inducedfever %6& blood glucose lo"ering %/& inhibition of gram- and gram bacteria %9& dose-dependent prostaglandin release inhibition.

Anal(esic& Stud demonstrated the dail consumption of ra" and heat-treated gingerresulted in moderate to large reduction in muscle pain follo"oing e(ercise-inducedmuscle injur. The findings agree "ith findings of ginger,s hpoalgesic effects inosteoarthritic patients.Antiarthritic& Stud of the alcoholic e(tract of * can ameliorate inflammatorprocesses in rat collagen-induced arthritis! together "ith reduction of serum levels ofinterleukins! T;! and anti-CII antibodies. It also sho"ed to be superior to indomethacin6 mgkgd at most measured parameters. The e(tract presents an alternative to S+I3use in A+.

$i!e effects= o kno"n side effects or drug interactions.= The erman Commission 4 recommends that it be avoided during pregnanc due topossible inhibition of testosterone binding in the fetus.= The use in pregnanc for hperemesis gravidarum is controversial. >se for nauseaduring pregnanc is not recommended. = Should not be used b pregnant "omen "ith ahistor of bleeding disorders and miscarriages.

Antico(lan( "recation3ecreases platelet adhesiveness@ therefore! should be used "ith caution b patients on

anticoagulant therap.

A*ailability?ild-crafted.Popular condiment and perennial market produce.Candied ginger and lo$enges.3ried po"dered gingeroot.Tinctures! tablets! capsules! srups and teas in the cbermarket

Family +ramineaeTan(la!

Andropogon citratus DC1LEMON +3A$$

$cientific names Common names

%ndropogon citratus 3C. Balioko %Bis.&

%ndropogon schoenanthus Blanco. Barani %Ilk.&

Cmbopogon citratus Staph. Paja de meca %Span.&


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%ndropogon fle"uosus acate limon %Span.&

Tanglad %Tag.! Bik.! Bis.&

Salai %Tag.&

Sai %)bo.! )and.! Sul.&

Salaid %Tag.& Lemon grass %4ngl.&

S"eet rush %4ngl.&

inger-grass %4ngl.&

BotanyTufted and perennial grass. Leaves gro" to a length of up to 5 meter! about 5-5.2 cm"ide! scabrous! flate! long-acuminate! and smooth. Panicles: are /:-1: cm long! "ithnoding branches and branchlets. Spikelets are linear-lanceolate and pointed! about Dmm long.

DistribtionCultivated commerciall for its fragrant leaves.

Constitents

3istillation ields lemon-grass oil! verbena and Indian )olissa oil.Plant contains small amounts of methl heptenone and terpenes %limonene anddipentene&.Contains citral! an aldehde found in lemon peel oil and other natural essential oils.)ain constituents of essential oil are citral %aldehdes geranial and neral& and terpenes%mrcrene! monoterpene and geranial - terpenic alcohol&.


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Pro"ertiesThe oils are reddish-ello" "ith an intense odor and taste of lemons.Carminative! tonic! stimulant! diuretic! purgative! sudorific.

Parts tili-e!

Leaves

#ses;olkloric 3iarrhea Boil 5: leaves in 6 glasses of "ater for 5: minutes@ add a tablespoon ofsugar and one small piece of crushed ginger. ;or adults 5 cup! / times dail and after each loose bo"el movement. Children %Babies& 5 tablespoon / times dail and after each loose bo"el movement@6-D ears! 59 cup / times dail and after each loose bo"el movement@ G-56 ears! 56cup three times dail and after each loose bo"el movement. Suob *ne of the 5: herbal ingredients in the decoctionbath in the post-partum ritual

of suob. %See Suob& 'ot decoction of roots for toothaches. Aoots also used as a diuretic. + stomachic for children. The oil! mi(ed "ith e#ual amounts of coconut oil! is used as a liniment for back pains!rheumatic complains! neuralgia! sprains and other painful afflictions. 3ecoction of leaves used as stomachic! diuretic! and refrigerant. In various traditional sstems! leaf infusions used as antimicrobial! anti-inflammatorand sedative. In Cubanfolk medicine! used to lo"er blood pressure and as anti-inflammator. In Bra$il! used as sedative! for gastrointestinal maladies! and as febrifuge. In )alaa! used as a potion after childbirth.

In various folk medicinal use oil used for cough! cold! hemoptsis! rheumatism! backpain! bladder problemsClinary Culinar Commonl used as a stuffing ingredient in pig spit-roasting to improve theflavor and decrease the grease-taste. +lso used to flavor "ines! sauces and spices. The roots have a ginger-like flavor and used as a condiment and adding fragrance togogo hair-"ashes.Others=


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Infusion )i( four ounces of the grass to one pint of boiling "ater.To keep a"a mos#uitos! plant it around our house or place crushed leaves on our"indo" sills.

$t!ies

= Antibacterial % Antifn(al %5& Studies have sho"n antibacterial activit! comparableto penicillin. %6&


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stomach pain %libang! suka& - star apple %leaves&! baabas %leaves&! avocado %leaves& IL++ + )+ 3+'* T+P*S I'+L* SIL+ T++! T'4 I>)*.

samad sa skin

- kamungga malungga %leaves& I- '+L>B ..*A P+IIT+ S+ 8+L+J* ubo

- lagundi %leaves& B>8+L+ + 3+'* T+P*S I*).

highblood

- tanglad 3>83>8*...L++*...P+8>L>+...I*).

bulak maana for ubo

- ipabaga sa kalao then inumon the onl use phsical therap for healing an individual,s nervous sstem...%hilot&

chicken po(

- balite leaves S>>* S+ 8+L+J*! + +B* S+ S>* + 3+'* 8+J IP+'I3S+ I;4CT43


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+A4+S. sore ees and lagnat

-ta"a-ta"a 4T IT,S 4UTA+CT.

native ampalaa for ubo

L++* neem tree %kalibanga&

L++* tanglad! ba"ang %ngipon&

Part /

Aespirator sstem

5.& (alaboor *regano leaves

BVlaans use this plant for curing their cough. The use the leaves

of oregano as the medicine for this kind of sickness.

Preparation

a.& collect appro(imatel 5 kg of oregano leaves@

b.& "ash the leaves gentl for it not to be crushed@

c.& place the leaves at the top of the fire until itVs leavesV

structure softens@

d.& s#uee$e the leaves until ou get itVs e(tract@

e.& let the infected individual drink it@


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f.& place it on a container but the herbal medicine "onVt last

more than a da if there "ill be no preservatives such as

refrigerator.

Aelative +bundance

The oregano plant gro"s mostl on a tropical area or places

"here it is sunn. In planting this herb! it is preferable to use the

cutting method %this is a method "here the transfer the oung

oregano plant to another area&. )ake sure to put fences! "hich are

high enough for the animals like chickens not to pass through!

around the area of plantation. ?hile in the process of gro"ing! it is

eas for this plant to be cultivated. It onl needs a full sun

environment and proper intervals of "atering. This plant gro"s up

to 6 feet tall and it tends to spra"l.


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6.& Bulak )aana

BVlaans use this plant also as a medicine for curing cough. It is the

leaves of this plant "hich is to be used for the healing process. +nd

the color of the leaves should be violet-bro"n! for these kind of

leaves are more effective as a medicine.

Preparation

a.& collect W kg of leaves@

b.& "ash the leaves then put it in the pot@

c.& pour 6 cups of "ater on the pot@

d.& place the pot on the fire@

e.& let it be heated until it boils up@

f.& place the boiled medicine a"a from the fire and let it

cool do"n or turn luke"arm "hich is enough for the

patient to drink it.

g.& et the leaves inside the pot.

h.& Put the medicine in a container! but it "onVt last fro a da

if it has no preservatives. The patient should consume it

preferabl in a da.

Aelative +bundance


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Bulak )aana is a soft-bodied plant that consists of leaves

"ith heart-shaped structure. It is just eas to plant this herb

especiall in soft soils. To reproduce this! all ou have to do is to cut

a oung branch from the mother plant %)aana& and plant it. It onl

needs enough sunlight and not necessaril should live on tropical

surroundings. ?ater the plant everda. The leaves that are to be

used should be violet-bro"n as a medicine.

3igestive sstem

5.& eem Tree

BVlaans use this plant as an alternative medicine for kalibanga or

Loss Bo"el )ovement %LB)&. The use the leaves of this tree for

curing this kind of respirator disorder.

Preparation

a.& gather W kg of eem tree leaves@


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b.& "ash the leaves then put it on the pot@

c.& pour "ater on the pot then place it on the fire to boil@

d.& after it boils up! put the pot a"a from the fire@

e.& let it cool do"n until luke"arm@

f.& put it in the container if the patient canVt consume it all@

g.& the e(tract does not last in a da! it is preferable If

consumed in a da.

Aelative +bundance

Based on research! eem tree is capable of curing L.B.).

because it contains an antibacterial substance. In planting this tree!

it is much easier to start "ith the seeds. 8eep the soil in a moist

condition and it should be "arm. Tropical areas are better places to

cultivate eem trees.

Integumentar sstem


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5.& Balite tree

Specificall! the leaves of the Balite tree are the part "hich is being

used for curing Chicken po(.

Procedure

a.& gather appro(imatel 5 kg of eem tree leaves@

b.& "ash these leaves then place it directl to fire@

c.& "ait until the neem tree leaves are all burnt out@

d.& crush the burnt leaves until it looks like a gra po"der@

e.& ou can put the ashes of the eem tree on a container

and it can be consumed more than a da.

f.& the ashes "ill be rubbed gentl on the infected area of

the chicken po(.

Aelative +bbundance

This tree gro"s an"here! so it is eas to multipl the

number of this large gro"ing tree. It can survive "ith countable

times of tending it! for this tree naturall gro"s in "ild places.


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Circulator sstem

5.& Tanglad

These leaves "hich are usuall used for spices and flavorings

could also be helpful in lo"ering oneVs high blood.

Procedure

a.& gather the leaves of about W kg@

b.& "ash the leaves gentl@

c.& grind the leaves thoroughl then place the grind leaves

on the pot "ith 5 W cup of "ater@

d.& place the pot on the fire and let it boil@

e.& after it boils up! place the pot a"a from the fire for the

cooling-do"n of the medicinal soup@

f.& separate the grind leaves on the medicinal soup b

straining it@

g.& place the soup in a container if not to be consumed

immediatel! but this "onVt last a da if it has no

preservatives.

ervous sstem


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Based on our intervie"s! the BVlaans onl uses phsical massage in curing

their nervous sstem.

Species Selection Sensitive species "hich are easil cultured and readil available ear round

)ust provide consistent and reproducible response

+lso encourage ecologicall! commerciall and or recreationall important

o one species is al"as the most sensitive

Species used is dependent upon salinit of receiving "ater and the state

standards

Aules for Conducting To(icit Testsn 9: C;A 5/D./ - Table 5+n 4ffective ovember 52! 5002n +mended ovember 50! 6::6 and effective 3ecember 50! 6::6

n )ethods must be follo"ed as the are "rittenTest Tpesn +cute and Short-term Chronic Tests

X Static non-rene"alX Static rene"alX ;lo" throughn Test Species dependentn >se dependentTest 3esign

n 2 Concentrations ControlX Serial dilutionVs of effluent and Ycontrol "aterZ %also termed Ydilution "aterZ&X 3ilution series of :.2 or greaterX Single concentration testn Aeplicatesn Aandomi$ation %organismschambers&

+cute To(icit Tests


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n Test ProceduresX 0D hours or less %species specific&X )ortalit is the measured endpointX ;or daphnia mortalit determined b immobili$ationn +dvantages

X less e(pensive and time consuming than chronicX endpoint is eas to #uantifn 3isadvantages

X indicates onl lethal concentrationsX onl the effects of fast acting chemicals are e(hibited

+cute Test +cceptabilit Criterian )inimum control survival at least 0:En Temperature maintained [ 6: - 5o Cn )a(imum test organism age at start

X 59 das for fishX 2 das for )sid shrimpX 69 hours for daphnidsShort-term Chronic To(icit Testsn Test Procedures

X tpicall 9-5: dasX )ortalit! gro"th! fecundit! reproductionn +dvantages

X more sensitive than acute! assess parameters other than lethalitX ma better reflect real "orld

n LimitationsX more costl and time intensive than acuteX more sensitive to lo" level contaminationChronic Test +cceptabilit Criterian )inimum control survival 1:En )inimum control dr "eight %average&

X :.62 mg for fishX :.6: mg for )sid shrimpn )inimum of 52 oung %average& for control C. dubian Temperature maintained [ 62 - 5o Cn )a(imum test organism age at start

X 91 hours for fishX G das for )sid shrimpX 69 hours for daphnids)ethod Specific Test Conditionsn Test tpe and durationn Temperature! light! 3*! salinitn Chamber si$e and volume


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n Species selection! age and feeding

+cute Test 4ndpointsn LC;


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Nothing is for sure

Nothing is for kee!s

All I know is that your love

Will live eternally

So I will find my way$

And I will find my !eace

%nowing that you'll meet my every need

y life is in your hands

y heart is in your kee!ing

I'm never without ho!e

Not when my future is with you


And though I may not see clearly

I will lift my voice and sing

"ause your love does ama#ing things

Lord$ I know$ my life is in your hands

When I'm at my weakest loveYou carry me

Then I become my strongest love

In your hands


And though I may not see clearly

I will lift my voice and sing

"ause your love does ama#ing things

Lord$ I know$ my life is in your hands

I trust you Lord

y life is in your hands&

Culture and Beliefs-my Life is in Your Hand

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Transcript of Culture and Beliefs-my Life is in Your Hand