CULTURECULTURE

• BELIEF SYSTEMSBELIEF SYSTEMS• NORMS NORMS • VALUESVALUES• TOTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, TOTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES,

BEHAVIORSBEHAVIORS• PRACTICED BY PEOPLEPRACTICED BY PEOPLE

CULTURE GROUPSCULTURE GROUPS

• FOLKFOLK• SMALLSMALL• HOMOGENOUSHOMOGENOUS• RURAL RURAL • COHESIVE IN COHESIVE IN

CULTURAL CULTURAL TRAITSTRAITS

• POPULARPOPULAR• LARGELARGE• HETEROGENOUSHETEROGENOUS• URBANURBAN• CHANGING CHANGING

CULTURAL CULTURAL TRAITSTRAITS

FOLKFOLK

• LOCALLOCAL• GROUP IN A PLACEGROUP IN A PLACE• COLLECTIVE OR COMMUNITYCOLLECTIVE OR COMMUNITY• SHARE EXPERIENCES, CUSTOMS, SHARE EXPERIENCES, CUSTOMS,

TRAITSTRAITS• GOAL: PRESERVE ABOVE TO CLAIM GOAL: PRESERVE ABOVE TO CLAIM

UNIQUENESS AND DISTINGUISH UNIQUENESS AND DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES FROM OTHERSTHEMSELVES FROM OTHERS

FOLKFOLK

• CULTURAL TRAITSCULTURAL TRAITS• DRESS, DWELLINGS, TRADITIONS, DRESS, DWELLINGS, TRADITIONS,

INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS• A SINGLE ELEMENT OF NORMAL A SINGLE ELEMENT OF NORMAL

PRACTICEPRACTICE

THINK ON THESE…THINK ON THESE…

• AMISHAMISH• ST. PATRICK’S DAYST. PATRICK’S DAY• POLISH AMERICANS, SWEDISH POLISH AMERICANS, SWEDISH

AMERICANSAMERICANS

LOCALLOCAL• CONSTANT REFINING, REDEFINING DUE CONSTANT REFINING, REDEFINING DUE

TO INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER TO INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER CULTURES AND DIFFUSION OF CULTURES AND DIFFUSION OF CULTURAL TRAITSCULTURAL TRAITS

• ESTABLISHED “HOODS”, CHURCHES, ESTABLISHED “HOODS”, CHURCHES, CENTERSCENTERS

• EXPRESS MATERIAL CULTUREEXPRESS MATERIAL CULTURE• THINGS CONSTRUCTED: ART, THINGS CONSTRUCTED: ART, HOUSES, CLOTHING, SPORTS, FOODHOUSES, CLOTHING, SPORTS, FOOD• EXPRESS NONMATERIAL CULUREEXPRESS NONMATERIAL CULURE• BELIEFS, PRACTICES, AESTHETICSBELIEFS, PRACTICES, AESTHETICS (PERCEIVED ATTRACTIONS), VALUES(PERCEIVED ATTRACTIONS), VALUES

RECALL CULTURAL RECALL CULTURAL DIFFUSION TYPESDIFFUSION TYPES

• 1. EXPANSION, SPREAD OF IDEA OR INNOVATION 1. EXPANSION, SPREAD OF IDEA OR INNOVATION THRU POP IN INCREASING NUMBERSTHRU POP IN INCREASING NUMBERS

A. HIERARCHICAL, SPREAD I. OR INN. A. HIERARCHICAL, SPREAD I. OR INN. FIRST, FIRST, AMONG AMONG CONNECTED PEOPLE AND PLACESCONNECTED PEOPLE AND PLACES

B. CONTAGIOUS, DISTANCE CONTROLLED SPREAD OF I. B. CONTAGIOUS, DISTANCE CONTROLLED SPREAD OF I. OR INN. THRU POP BY PERSON TO PERSON CONTACTOR INN. THRU POP BY PERSON TO PERSON CONTACT

C. STIMULUS, CULTURAL ADAPTATION IS CREATED AS A C. STIMULUS, CULTURAL ADAPTATION IS CREATED AS A RESULT OF INTRODUCTION OF CUL. TRAIT FROM RESULT OF INTRODUCTION OF CUL. TRAIT FROM ANOTHER PLACEANOTHER PLACE

EX. INDIA, HAMBURGEREX. INDIA, HAMBURGER• 2. RELOCATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE WITH I. OR 2. RELOCATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE WITH I. OR

INN. TO A NEW LOCALE TO DISSEMINATEINN. TO A NEW LOCALE TO DISSEMINATEA. ETHNIC “HOODS”, NYC MARATHON A. ETHNIC “HOODS”, NYC MARATHON

LOCAL AND POPULAR LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURESCULTURES

• SUMMATIVE STATEMENTSUMMATIVE STATEMENT• LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURES LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURES

AFFECT PEOPLE AND PLACES ON AFFECT PEOPLE AND PLACES ON DIFFERENT SCALESDIFFERENT SCALES

THINKTHINK

• EMPLOYING THE CONCEPT OF EMPLOYING THE CONCEPT OF HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION, HIERARCHICAL DIFFUSION, DESCRIBE HOW YOU BECAME A DESCRIBE HOW YOU BECAME A “KNOWER” OF YOUR FAVORITE “KNOWER” OF YOUR FAVORITE KIND OF MUSIC.KIND OF MUSIC.

• WHERE IS ITS HEARTH?WHERE IS ITS HEARTH?• HOW DID IT REACH YOU?HOW DID IT REACH YOU?

HOW ARE LOCAL HOW ARE LOCAL CULTURES SUSTAINED?CULTURES SUSTAINED?

• 1.ASSIMILATION, LOSING ORIGINAL TRAITS 1.ASSIMILATION, LOSING ORIGINAL TRAITS TO THE NEW CUL. OR SOCIETYTO THE NEW CUL. OR SOCIETY

• 2.CUSTOM, ROUTINE PRACTICE IN 2.CUSTOM, ROUTINE PRACTICE IN CULTURECULTURE

• 3.ISOLATION3.ISOLATION• 4.ACCULTURATION, is the exchange of 4.ACCULTURATION, is the exchange of

cultural features that results when groups of cultural features that results when groups of individuals having different cultures come into individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct be altered, but the groups remain distinct

HOW IS POPULAR HOW IS POPULAR CULTURE DIFFUSED?CULTURE DIFFUSED?

• AGRICULTURE, 10,000 YRSAGRICULTURE, 10,000 YRS• PRINTING PRESS, IND. REV., 100 PRINTING PRESS, IND. REV., 100

YRSYRS• FACEBOOK, HOURSFACEBOOK, HOURS• PACE OF DIFFUSION HAS PACE OF DIFFUSION HAS

CHANGED!CHANGED!• HOW? HOW?

DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION• TECH. HAS ALTERED DISTANCE DECAY, TECH. HAS ALTERED DISTANCE DECAY,

DIFFUSION DECREASES AS TIME AND DIFFUSION DECREASES AS TIME AND DISTANCE FROM THE CUL. HEARTH DISTANCE FROM THE CUL. HEARTH INCREASES.INCREASES.

• WITH TIME-SPACE COMPRESSION (TSC), WITH TIME-SPACE COMPRESSION (TSC), DIFFUSION DEPENDS ON CONNECTIVITY IN DIFFUSION DEPENDS ON CONNECTIVITY IN COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORATION COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORATION TECHNOLOGIES AMONG PLACES.TECHNOLOGIES AMONG PLACES.

• POP. CUL. DIFFUSE HEIRARCHICALLY IN “TSC” POP. CUL. DIFFUSE HEIRARCHICALLY IN “TSC” WITH DIFFUSION HAPPENING THE FASTEST IN WITH DIFFUSION HAPPENING THE FASTEST IN COMPRESSED SPACES. COMPRESSED SPACES.

• Advances in communications technology, such as Advances in communications technology, such as phones, radio and television broadcasts, and phones, radio and television broadcasts, and internet, have further decreased the effects of internet, have further decreased the effects of distance. distance.

DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION

• Related terms include "friction of Related terms include "friction of distance," which describes the force distance," which describes the force that creates distance decay and that creates distance decay and Waldo R. Waldo R. ToblerTobler's 's First law of geographyFirst law of geography, an informal , an informal statement that statement that "All things are "All things are related, but near things are more related, but near things are more related than far things."related than far things."

DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION

• Distance decay is also evident in town/city Distance decay is also evident in town/city centers. It can refer to:centers. It can refer to:-the number of pedestrians getting further from -the number of pedestrians getting further from the center of the Central Business District(CBD),the center of the Central Business District(CBD),-the street quality decreasing as distance from -the street quality decreasing as distance from the center increases,the center increases,-the quality of shops decreasing as distance from -the quality of shops decreasing as distance from the center increasesthe center increases-the height of buildings decreasing as distance -the height of buildings decreasing as distance from the center increasesfrom the center increases-the price of land decreasing as distance from the -the price of land decreasing as distance from the center increasescenter increases

• Distance decay is a geographical term Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two Once the distance is outside of the two locales activity space their interactions locales activity space their interactions begin to decrease.begin to decrease.

• A few questions you may ask are: A few questions you may ask are: • How far will pedestrians travel to How far will pedestrians travel to

access different types of destinations? access different types of destinations? • How far will bicyclists travel in order How far will bicyclists travel in order

to ride on a bicycle-only facility? to ride on a bicycle-only facility? • How far do people drive for their How far do people drive for their

common retail needs? common retail needs?

• Time-space compressionTime-space compression is a term is a term used to describe processes that seem used to describe processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment.during a given historical moment.

• Geographer David Harvey, refers to Geographer David Harvey, refers to "processes that . . . revolutionize the "processes that . . . revolutionize the objective qualities of space and time" objective qualities of space and time"

• Time-space compression often refers Time-space compression often refers to technologies that seem to to technologies that seem to accelerate spatial and temporal accelerate spatial and temporal distances, including technologies of distances, including technologies of communication (telegraph, communication (telegraph, telephones, fax machines, Internet) telephones, fax machines, Internet) and travel (rail, cars, trains, jets.) and travel (rail, cars, trains, jets.)

• Time-space compression represents an Time-space compression represents an essential facet of contemporary life: essential facet of contemporary life:

• "Today we are entering a space which is "Today we are entering a space which is speed-space ... This new other time is speed-space ... This new other time is that of electronic transmission, of high-that of electronic transmission, of high-tech machines, and therefore, man is tech machines, and therefore, man is present in this sort of time, not via his present in this sort of time, not via his physical presence, but via programming." physical presence, but via programming."

• Theorist, Paul Virilio Theorist, Paul Virilio

• All aspects of pop. Cul. Have a All aspects of pop. Cul. Have a hearth, a place of origin.hearth, a place of origin.

• Usually contagious and then Usually contagious and then hierarchicalhierarchical

• TEENAGES AND POPULAR TEENAGES AND POPULAR CULTURECULTURE

• THE MERCHANTS OF COOL VIDEOTHE MERCHANTS OF COOL VIDEO

• www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/cool/shows/cool/

HOW CAN LOCAL AND POPULAR HOW CAN LOCAL AND POPULAR CULTURE BE SEEN IN THE CULTURAL CULTURE BE SEEN IN THE CULTURAL

LANDSCAPE?LANDSCAPE?

• CUL. LANDSCAPE, THE VISIBLE CUL. LANDSCAPE, THE VISIBLE HUMAN IMPRINT OF HUMAN HUMAN IMPRINT OF HUMAN ACTIVITY ON THE LANDSCAPEACTIVITY ON THE LANDSCAPE

• HOW PEOPLE HAVE CHANGED AND HOW PEOPLE HAVE CHANGED AND SHAPED ENVIRONMENTSHAPED ENVIRONMENT

• OFTEN RESULTS IN OFTEN RESULTS IN PLACELESSNESS, LOSS OF PLACELESSNESS, LOSS OF IDENTITY OR UNIQUENESS OF IDENTITY OR UNIQUENESS OF PLACE IN CUL. LANDSCAPEPLACE IN CUL. LANDSCAPE

THINKTHINK

• DRIVE ON GEORGIA HIGHWAY 21 DRIVE ON GEORGIA HIGHWAY 21 OR 17, EFFINGHAM’S MAJOR OR 17, EFFINGHAM’S MAJOR ROADWAYS.ROADWAYS.

• WHAT IS SEEN?WHAT IS SEEN?

• CONGLOMERATIONS, CLUSTERSCONGLOMERATIONS, CLUSTERS• OTHER?OTHER?

BLENDING CULTURAL LANDSCAPESBLENDING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES3 DIMENSIONS3 DIMENSIONS

• 1. ARCHITICTURE AND CITY PLANNING 1. ARCHITICTURE AND CITY PLANNING DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION

• EX., DIFFUSION OF SKYSCRAPEREX., DIFFUSION OF SKYSCRAPER• 2. BUSINESS AND PRODUCT IMPRINTS 2. BUSINESS AND PRODUCT IMPRINTS

ON DISTANT PLACESON DISTANT PLACES• EX., SIGNSEX., SIGNS• 3. BORROWING OF LANDSCAPE 3. BORROWING OF LANDSCAPE

IMAGES REGARDLESS OF “FIT”IMAGES REGARDLESS OF “FIT”• EX., LAS VEGAS STRIP, VENICE; TOWN EX., LAS VEGAS STRIP, VENICE; TOWN

CENTERSCENTERS

CULTURAL REGIONSCULTURAL REGIONS

• NORTH AMERICANORTH AMERICA• LATIN AMERICALATIN AMERICA• EUROPEEUROPE• NORTH AFRICA NORTH AFRICA

AND THE MIDDLE AND THE MIDDLE EASTEAST

• SUB SAHARAN SUB SAHARAN AFRICAAFRICA

• RUSSA, CENTRAL RUSSA, CENTRAL ASIAASIA

• SOUTH ASIASOUTH ASIA• EAST ASIAEAST ASIA• SOUTHEAST ASIASOUTHEAST ASIA• AUSTRALIA AND AUSTRALIA AND

PACIFIC ISLANDSPACIFIC ISLANDS