Selected Barriers and Incentives to Participation in a University
Cultural Production: Barriers and Incentives To Sharing
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Transcript of Cultural Production: Barriers and Incentives To Sharing
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Cultural Production In The Digital Age:
Barriers and Incentives To
SharingCOM302/CHID370
12 November 2008Kathy E. Gill
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Framing
Web 2.0 Technologies
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•These technologies change how we interact with cultural objects.
•Fundamental Premise:
We are no longer merely a consumer; we can also be a producer.
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This is a major shift from the late 20th
century model:
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In Today’s Digital World, It Is Easier to Borrow,
Copy, Manipulate
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This means it is technically easier to express ourselves in new, creative ways.
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Traditional Model
•Mediated Communication was a one-way Mass Communication Model
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New Model
•Mediated communication is transitioning to a circular (Osgood & Schramm) interpersonal model
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What are the cultural industries?
• News media
• Advertising industry
• Television & movies
• Music
• Fashion
• What else?
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Quotable
•“[N]on-commercial cultural production and unconstrained expression within the Internet undermines capitalism’s production of meaning.” p135
- from Michael Strangelove, The Empire of Mind (University of Toronto Press, 2005)
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The Clash
Culture as a freely flowing current of ideas and practices runs head first into culture as intellectual property
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Ask permission each time
Ask permission each use
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The Barrier
• Copyright originated in a time when the view of authors was romantic: "originality was elevated to being located in and belonging to the self of the author" ... words created by these authors were considered "original" and thus distinguishable from mass-produced commodities. (Lessig, presentation, Copyright, Cultural Production and Open Content Licensing)
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The Enforcer
• Digital Rights Management Act
• tend to think of this with movies and songs, but also can be pay-to-view sections of any website like the WSJ
• RIAA “cease and desist” letters
• Losing on two levels
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Why P2P Got A Bad Name
Hint: It wasn’t because of “production”
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What Is P2P?
• The sharing of computer resources and services by direct exchange between two systems
• Examples: SEIT @ Home, Skype, ICQ, and, of course, Napster
• A “peer” gives some resources and also receives some
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Watch EFF Slide Show
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Law Suits Backfiring
• [With Capitol v Thomas] looking to head to a mistrial, making the $222,000 judgment null and void, the two largest decisions in the RIAA’s ‘war on downloading’ have been against them. In both cases the RIAA admitted it was wrong and [was] ordered to pay the fees.
• Source
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Controversy
•Copyright purpose is to “promote the progress of science and the useful arts” … and the duration for exclusivity is to be “limited” … - US Constitution
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Infringement
• "Copyright infringement" means exercising one of the copyright holder's exclusive rights without permission.
• Should a copyright holder sue on grounds of infringement, the defendent may argue that the use was "fair use"
• The fair use doctrine allows copyrighted works to be used in some circumstances, such as commentary, criticism, news reporting or educational use.
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Is This Infringement?
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What About The Content YOU Produce?
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Digital technologies enable a "Tinkering
culture" -- a "read write rip burn culture"
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Sources• Copyright, Fair Use & The Evolution of Creative Commons:
http://www.slideshare.net/cliotech/copyright-the-evolution-of-creative-commonshttp:/www.slideshare.net/cliotech/copyright-the-evolution-of-creative-commons
• Copyright and Options for Creative Practitioners: http://www.slideshare.net/creativecommonsaustralia/creative-copyright-copyright-and-options-for-creative-practitioners
• Image: Consume. Be silent. Die. (unknown)
• Web 2.0 Image (1): http://joevans.pbwiki.com/Web+2+Point+O+Tools
• Web 2.0 Image (2): http://www.robmillard.com/archives/tools-for-strategists-web-20-confusion-hindering-firms.html
• Fine Print : http://www.slideshare.net/pauljacobson/legal-aspects-of-new-media-quirk-2008/
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Kathy E. Gill
• http://wiredpen.com
• http://faculty.washington.edu
• http://twitter.com/kegill
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