Cultural Heritage and Urban Development Project (CHUD) 15 2012/Appendix L- Exec Summ_EMP... ·...

Cultural Heritage and Urban Development Project (CHUD)

ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING WORKSHOP - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

November 2009

Prepared by:

ROCHE HYDROSULT JV IN ASSOCIATION WITH ELARD

Submitted to:

REPUBLIC OF LEBANON

COUNCIL FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION (CDR)

1. INTRODUCTION The Cultural Heritage and Urban Development (CHUD) project aims at rehabilitating and protecting selected historical sites in five cities of Lebanon (Tyre, Tripoli, Baalbek, Byblos, and Sidon), while enhancing local economic development and quality of life in the historic city centers. The project is executed by The Council for Development and Reconstruction (CDR) and jointly financed by the World Bank, the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and Governments of France, Italy and Lebanon. The project also targets institutional strengthening and capacity building through the organization of training workshops to ensure effective implementation of the project. In this context, five workshops were held for the municipalities of Tyre, Tripoli, Baalbek, Byblos and Sidon respectively on the 10th, 14th, 17th of July 2009, and 8th and 11th of August 2009 focusing on the implementation of Environmental Management Plans (EMPs).

2. THE WORKSHOPS

2.1. OBJECTIVES OF WORKSHOPS

The workshop conducted in the five cities aimed at enhancing capacities of municipalities in various areas, notably:

• Implementation of an Environmental Management Plan for the sustainable operation of the CHUD projects;

• Environmental mitigation and monitoring in the second phase of the project; • Identifying mechanisms and resources needed to implement the proposed EMP; and • Identifying the main constraints to enhancing the municipal role, and proposing concrete

means of overcoming them.

The workshop also underlines the necessity of involving municipalities in priority setting, particularly regarding the environmental needs of their own city. It emphasizes also their role in guaranteeing the sustainability of the CHUD project by promoting civil society’s feeling of ownership of the project.

2.2. WORKSHOP AGENDA

The same agenda was followed in the five cities (Appendix A). Only mayors of Byblos and Sidon attended. In the first part of the workshop, representatives, the EMP consultants Roche Hydrosult , represented by Earth Link and Advanced Resources Development (ELARD), presented the workshop materials, including baseline environmental conditions in each city (Appendix B, and maps appendix C); the cost of environmental degradation; environmental legislation and regulations in Lebanon and the role of municipalities; implementation of the environmental management plan; phase I challenges; and guidelines for environmental management in ports and markets, as relevant to each city. During the second part of the workshop, participants identified constraints to improving environmental conditions in each city, and filled a problem tree that summarizes causes and consequences of inadequate environmental management. Problem trees of the five cities are shown in Appendix D. The main limitations identified consisted of the lack of awareness, insufficient capacities and technical expertise, bureaucracy, inadequate implementation of legislation and regulations, as well as conflict of mandates and unsatisfactory participation of the private sector. Inadequate environmental management in turn leads to air, water and noise pollution, in addition to visual intrusion, health problems, negative impacts on tourism, and ecology, all of which result in increased economic losses.

During the third part of the workshop, participants were divided into three groups that discussed the environmental management plan according to a matrix that was distributed. The topics examined included traffic, air quality, noise level, landscape and visual intrusion, water supply quality, waste generation, health and safety, archeology and cultural heritage. The full matrix for each city is available in Appendix E. The only workshop where the matrix was not filled during the training is in Tripoli. Participants had promised to prepare it and send it after the workshop. However only one participant has actually sent the full matrix. At the end of the workshop, participants filled an evaluation form (Appendix F).

2.3. DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Table 1 summarizes the main discussions and recommendations of participants. Responsibilities, resources required, and constraints were identified by the groups during the third part of the workshop.

Table 1. Main discussions and recommendations of participants

Main discussions and recommendations Responsibility Resources required

Constraints

Tyre workshop

Environmental Legislation ‐ Municipality of Tyre ‐ Relevant ministries ‐ Federation of municipalities ‐ Water Establishment‐ South Lebanon ‐ Directorate General of Antiquities ‐ Contractor and consultant ‐ Civil society and schools

‐ Financial resources ‐ Human resources ‐ Technical resources (building capacities) ‐ Planning ‐ Setting guidelines and decision making ‐ Legislation and regulation

‐ Lack of financial resources ‐ Lack of human resources ‐ Lack of technical resources ‐ Insufficient legislation ‐ Non‐compliance with legislation (such as for traffic) ‐ Lack of long‐term strategies ‐ Necessity of promoting awareness (insufficient cooperation of citizens) ‐ Lack of control and enforcement ‐ lack of data ‐ Lack of coordination between ministries ‐ Lack of space

‐The need to build the capacity of municipalities and to empower them. ‐ Suggesting the creation of a Ministry of Planning in Lebanon. Role of civil society and NGOs The necessity of raising awareness and the role of citizens in preserving public properties such as cables, lighting, as well as environmental resources Social issues The importance of fishing for income generation in Tyre; the continued use of illegal fishing methods such as dynamite and TNT, leading to reduced stocks and quality of fish Traffic, air pollution, noise pollution and visual intrusions

‐ Traffic management through enlarging parking areas, adding park meters and traffic signs, as well as defining pedestrian areas. ‐ Setting speed limits and enhancing control and monitoring (cameras, equipments…) to ensure respect of traffic laws. ‐ Planting trees along pavements (sound insulation) to reduce noise pollution. ‐ Banning diesel cars that are not equipped with catalytic converters in order to reduce air pollution. ‐ Enforcing compliance with the building code and maintaining greenbelts. Water quality supply

Wastewater treatment as well as control of water quality and encouraging water conservation through awareness campaigns and the adoption of water metering (pricing). Health, safety and site management

‐ Strengthening safety measures and providing an emergency medical center near the archeological site. ‐ Maintenance of archeological sites; ensuring their cleanliness through the provision of a


Constraints

specialized local unit for routine surveillance. ‐ Developing visitors’ code of behavior at archaeological sites, and printing it on the back of the entrance ticket or on the free brochure of the site. Baalbek workshop

Pollution control and safety ‐ Municipality of Baalbek. ‐ Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐ Ministry of Environment ‐ Ministry of Public Health ‐ Ministry of Culture ‐ Ministry of Interior and Municipalities ‐ Ministry of Education and Higher Education‐ Ministry of Public Works and transportation ‐ Lebanese Internal Security Forces ‐ NGOs ‐ Civil society

‐ Financial resources ‐ Human resources ‐ Environmental and touristic police ‐ Technical assistance (building capacities) ‐ Legislation and regulations ‐ Control and enforcement

‐ Lack of financial resources ‐ Lack of human resources and expertise ‐ Lack of organization ‐ Insufficient interest in environmental issues. ‐ Lack of technical resources ‐ Insufficient legislation ‐ inadequate planning ‐ Lack of follow‐up ‐ Insufficient awareness ‐ Lack of coordination ‐ Lack of space (e.g. for parking areas) ‐ Security problems ‐ Neglect of the city.

Suggesting steps to reduce pollution (urban planning, reduction of noise pollution and traffic congestion…) as well as strengthening safety measures and preserving cultural heritage through increasing awareness while building financial, technical and human capacities. CHUD project works

‐ The importance of continuing the first phase of the project even if the second phase was suspended in Baalbek. ‐ The necessity of civil society’s contribution to the project, including children and youth. ‐ Controlling the quality of materials used in projects. Water quality supply

‐ Appropriately designing septic tanks to avoid leaching and match international standards. Moreover, Participants underlined the necessity of linking sewage networks (where available) to the main sewer whenever feasible. ‐The necessity of improving drinking water quality to match international standards, since more than 70% of the population uses bottled water. Conditions in markets and future projects

‐Developing and organizing the surroundings of the historical Temples of Baalbek to encourage tourism through creating parks, restaurants in addition to reforestation … ‐ Unhealthy conditions in markets (lack of waste containers due to insufficient cooperation of shop owners, hygiene and sanitary issues…). Participants recommended setting up a comprehensive waste collection plan, as well as applying the “polluter pays” principle. They also suggested matching the goods sold in markets with touristic requirements (souvenirs, postcards…) and proposed fixing their prices to avoid fraud. ‐ Requiring environmental impact assessment before the execution of any project.


Constraints

‐ Suggesting the creation of parks (and gardens) on the slopes of the Eastern Lebanon Mountain Range (Anti‐Lebanon Mountains), such as on the hill of Sheikh el Abdullah, in order to enhance tourism in the city of Baalbek. ‐ Political interference that hinders progress of projects, as well as the role of civil society in creating pressure groups to enforce environmental regulations. Participants also mentioned the lack of environmental experts in the municipality due to insufficient awareness and financial resources. ‐ The necessity of organizing additional workshops without limiting attendance to elites. Byblos workshop

Traffic, air pollution, noise pollution and visual intrusions ‐ Municipality of Byblos. ‐ Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐ Relevant ministries (Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Energy and Water, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, …)

‐ Financial resources ‐ Human resources (building capacities) ‐ Elaborate research ‐ Environmental and touristic police ‐ Technical assistance (Park meters, photovoltaic energy…) ‐ Awareness campaigns. ‐ Legislation and regulations

‐ Lack of financial resources ‐ Lack of human resources and expertise. ‐ Conflicting mandates ‐ Lack of technical resources ‐ Insufficient legislation ‐ Cultural and natural constraints. ‐ Insufficient awareness ‐ Unsatisfactory ministerial performance. ‐ Nepotism ‐ Lack of follow‐up

‐ Traffic management and pollution reduction by allocating specific parking areas at the entrance of the city to limit the number of entering vehicles; developing environment‐friendly transportation; adding park meters, setting a new transportation strategy in the city (specifying passages, timing and promoting public transportation); developing non‐polluting transportation means; providing bus stations at the entrance of the city to reduce congestion; specifying pedestrian areas. ‐ Maintenance of the highway to reduce traffic congestion that leads to pollution and social problems. ‐ Reducing reliance on electric generators and promoting renewable energy to limit air pollution. ‐ Planting trees along pavements (sound insulation) to reduce noise pollution. Water quality supply and waste management

‐ Underlining the importance of specifying the exact time of sea samples collection due to the significant impact of surrounding activity level and wind/ currents direction on concentrating or disseminating pollutants from the wastewater outfall. ‐ The need to broaden the study of water pollution to incorporate areas not included in CHUD; the need for a study of residues of July 2006 war (oil residues in the seabed) was also raised.


Constraints

‐ Discussing the construction of a wastewater treatment plant that will start operating a year after the workshop, in addition to underlining the necessity of separating storm water and wastewater collection systems, as well as mountainous areas and coastal areas. ‐ Integrated management of waste (“from cradle to grave”) to reduce treatment cost. Participants also mentioned the solid waste treatment plant that started operating 15 days prior to the workshop and the necessity of providing an environmental police to prevent dumping of wastes in rivers and canals.

‐ Water and Wastewater Establishment‐ Mount Lebanon.‐ Federation of Municipalities of Jbeil ‐ Directorate General of Urban Planning ‐ Lebanese Internal Security Forces, Tourist police. ‐ Private sector, civil society, schools and universities.

(increasing municipal authority…) ‐ Control and enforcement ‐ Planning

Regulations’ enforcement and update

‐ Recommending the hiring of consultants from the city, since they are more knowledgeable about its needs, as well as underlining the importance of benefiting from its geomorphologic characteristics (Valleys of Fidar and Jaj, water channels…). ‐ Setting clear environmental standards (size and distribution of containers, etc.) through increasing coordination between MoE and municipalities. ‐ Providing incentives for the implementation of environmental laws (such as tax exemptions…); limiting interference of influential people that adversely affect environmental management. ‐ The need for a highly qualified Tourist and Environmental Police. ‐ The importance of environmental planning (strategic plan for 15 years) to avoid random construction that blocks the perspective of archeological sites, as well as the need to reduce visual intrusions through increasing green areas and using underground cables. Participants noted that some trees planted during phase I of the CHUD project block the perspective of the archeological site. ‐ Implementing the “public safety” decree in all buildings regardless of their area. ‐ Financing environmental projects by the Central Bank of Lebanon, similarly to agricultural projects. ‐ Requiring the incorporation of safety measures into contracts, as well as adding penalties to ensure the compliance of contractors. ‐ Increasing cooperation between the Municipality and the CDR to process complaints of citizens.


Constraints

Civil society’s contribution

‐ Invitation of the public to attend municipal meetings (every 15 days) to assess the progress of projects in the city. Some participants also volunteered to form a committee that monitors the implementation of the second phase of the CHUD project in Byblos. ‐ Building capacities of civil society to guarantee sustainability of projects, since the municipal council is not permanent. Research and development

‐ The need for additional research relating to the status of Byblos port, the means of improving it, and the negative impact of conflicting mandates between the municipality and ministries, which leads to deteriorating conditions in ports. ‐ Developing areas surrounding archeological sites, where around 80% of the population lives. ‐ Providing public restrooms for tourists to avoid health problems. ‐ Organizing additional workshops without limiting attendance to elites. ‐ The necessity of making Byblos an environmentally sustainable city. Safety and site management

‐ Strengthening safety measures and providing an emergency medical center near the archeological site. ‐ Maintenance of archeological sites; ensuring their cleanliness through the creation of a specialized local municipal unit for routine surveillance. ‐ Adding billboards that explain visitor’s code of behavior at archaeological sites, as well as developing a multilingual audio system at the site.


Constraints

Sidon workshop

Traffic, air pollution, noise pollution and visual intrusions ‐ Municipality of Sidon ‐ Engineering department of the Municipality ‐ Directorate General of Urban Planning ‐ Directorate General of Antiquities ‐ Water Establishment ‐ Relevant ministries (Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Interior and Municipalities, Ministry of Energy and Water, Ministry of Public Works and Transport,

‐ Financial resources for maintenance… ‐ Human resources (building capacities, technical know‐how) ‐ Tourist police ‐ Technical assistance (pumps, raw materials…) ‐ Adequate infrastructure, maps ‐ Uninterrupted electric current ‐ Guidelines ‐ Increasing coordination ‐ Increasing contribution of civil society ‐ Legislation and regulations ‐ Necessary space

‐ Lack of financial resources ‐ Lack of human resources and expertise ‐ Inadequate planning ‐ Lack of organization and follow‐up ‐ Insufficient awareness ‐ Unsatisfactory cooperation of civil society ‐ Problems between the contractor and local authorities/ complicated administrative procedures ‐ Lack of coordination, control and monitoring ‐ The need for solid waste and wastewater treatment plants ‐ Bureaucracy ‐ Inadequate infrastructure ‐ Neglect of

‐ Reducing air pollution (SO2 emissions) through traffic management (banning diesel vehicles from entering the city center, creating park meters, traffic signs, providing parking areas on the seaside, improving access to archeological sites, setting the speed limit…), as well as providing electric power continuously and promoting renewable energy to reduce reliance on generators. ‐ Necessitating the conservation of green areas when giving building permits, enforcing compliance with building codes, and promoting trees planting on rooftops and balconies. ‐ Planting trees along pavements (sound insulation) to reduce noise pollution. Waste management

‐ Periodic maintenance of sewage networks, solid waste management, and linking the sewage network to a treatment plant. ‐ Negative impact of unhygienic conditions on tourism. Regulations’ enforcement and update

‐ The need for additional decrees (such as an environmental impact assessment decree), as well as the necessity of developing the executive body to implement environmental laws. ‐ The role of the municipality in continuous environmental monitoring; the importance of strategic planning that requires three main components: structure, priority setting and financial resources to treat current environmental degradation. ‐ Increasing municipal powers, building capacities of municipal police and avoiding conflict of mandates between the municipality and ministries. Participants also noted the importance of municipal attendance of tenders (مناقصات), even as an observer. Environmental awareness ‐ The role of NGOs and schools in raising awareness to reduce pollution, prevent health problems (lack of ventilation...), and improve quality of life.


Constraints

Project management and monitoring Ministry of Agriculture) ‐ “Électricité Du Liban” (EDL) ‐ Lebanese Internal Security Forces ‐ Contractor ‐ Civil society.

for storage of equipment needed for control and maintenance.

archeological sites.

‐ Prioritizing environmental management in projects and accounting for the relevant financial resources needed in the initial budget (for development and operation phases). ‐ Monitoring and controlling the quality of materials used in projects (design and operation). ‐ Building institutional and municipal capacities to guarantee the sustainability of projects, in addition to providing all the details (materials…) necessary to facilitate maintenance during the operation phase. ‐ The importance of cooperation and communication between all stakeholders (public and private sectors, NGOs…) to ensure sustainability, as well as the necessity of taking into account citizens’ suggestions since they are more knowledgeable about the needs of their city. ‐ The need to increase financial resources allocated to urban development, since around 45.6% of the population of the ancient city lives below the poverty line (with subsequent negative impact on the sustainability of the project). ‐ The CDR was advised to set priorities for scoring the performance of contractors and assessing their compliance with environmental and health standards (such as compliance with safety measures followed by environmental regulations, visual intrusion, …), and therefore apply penalties to infractions (delays in payment, discounts…). Documentation and keeping records of contractors’ performance were also proposed for future use. Participants noted as well the need to raise fines and promote compliance with health and environmental standards. ‐ The necessity of following a specific format for the monthly report compiled by the consultant to assess the contractor’s compliance, including 6 or 7 environmental issues and a clear scale (good, medium, low). Safety and site management

‐ Strengthening safety measures and providing an emergency medical center near the archeological site. ‐ Maintenance of archeological sites; ensuring their cleanliness through the provision of a specialized local municipal unit for routine surveillance.


Constraints

‐Providing billboards, leaflets and signs to explain visitors’ code of conduct at archaeological sites. Tripoli Workshop1

Traffic, air pollution, noise pollution and visual intrusions ‐ The Municipal Council and civil society ‐ Ministry of Public Works and Transport ‐ Directorate General of Antiquities ‐ Traffic Police ‐ Ministry of Interior and Municipalities ‐ Ministry of Public Health

‐ Financial resources ‐ Human resources ‐ Equipment

‐ The will to formulate and properly implement a plan ‐ Financial and social obstacles ‐ Lack of Awareness and concern ‐ Streets insufficiently maintained and equipped ‐ Absence of an integrated plan ‐ Administrative constraints ‐ Lack of a clear vision

‐ The necessity of a more detailed analysis of the consequences of pollution in Tripoli (health problems, economic losses…), in addition to environmental impacts of the CHUD project. ‐ The need for proper traffic management through proper monitoring and enforcement, and the application of fines in case of infringement (relating to speed, etc.). ‐ Regular maintenance of roads and pavements; and the minimizing noise sources. ‐ The need to monitor the adherence to parking rules, and the application of relevant fines. ‐ Concerns about negative impacts of the platform that was built to house the vegetable market above Abu Ali River. The size of the platform was also discussed. ‐ Protection of existing green spaces, and creation of additional spaces. ‐ Updating and development of regulations, and monitoring their enforcement. Site management

‐ The need to ensure the cleanliness, rehabilitation and regular maintenance, facilities and services for visitors, entrance and exit plan for archeological sites. ‐ Providing proper signage (warning, directions, parkings…) and lighting on roads Water quality supply

‐ The alarming construction of a wastewater treatment plant in Tripoli next to residential areas, and anticipated negative impacts of its potential mismanagement (air pollution/ odors, visual intrusion, health problems...). ‐ The need for sewage networks construction. ‐ The need for regular testing and monitoring of water quality.

1 Recommendations of the Tripoli workshop matrix are based on the discussions and on the only matrix that was filled out and returned (in the absence of working groups).


Constraints

Regulations, enforcement and update

‐Discussing the cancellation of the decree regarding the creation of a park and its replacement with a residential area. ‐ Adding clauses relating to penalties to contracts, in order to ensure the contractors’ compliance with environmental standards, and the importance of strict supervision to guarantee the project’s effectiveness. ‐ Reviewing and updating environmental legislation such as the tax relating to waste littering, which is still 2.5 Lebanese Pounds (L.L.) ‐ The need to enforce regulations prohibiting waste littering, and to formulate and implement a Solid Waste Management strategy. Role of municipality, citizens and central authorities

‐ The role of the municipality and local authorities in preserving the environment, and the inadequate enforcement of environmental legislation due to the lack of application decrees and insufficient control and monitoring. Examined cases included the use of electric generators and diesel vehicles, as well as occupational health in bakeries and paint shops. ‐ The necessity of increasing cooperation between municipalities, CDR and ministries, and the conflict of mandates between the Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Interior and Municipalities. The latter was asked to give more attention to municipalities, though its numerous achievements in various fields were noted. ‐ The importance of recruiting environmental experts in the public sector since they are currently replaced by civil engineers, chemists, biochemists…. ‐ The concerns about the acts of sabotage and the dismantlement of monuments to sell their parts to the CHUD project, in addition to fears of political interference in the project. ‐ The necessity of contribution of local consultants and contractors (from Tripoli) to the project since they are more knowledgeable about their city. ‐ The achievements of Tripoli’s Municipal environmental committee (awareness campaigns, reforestation, and tree nursery), in addition to the main constraints that delay its progress such as poverty, insufficient human and financial resources, difficulty of working in private properties, and security issues relating to wars and instability.


Constraints

Project implementation

‐ Corruption that negatively affects the projects’ implementation, as well as the loss of some of the city’s characteristics through the homogenization of markets. Visual intrusion relating to the CHUD project was also mentioned (electric and phone cables and wires…). Research and development

‐ Conducting research to locate new archeological sites different from the ones already known. The existence of numerous abandoned ancient properties was also noted. ‐ Improving conditions in markets; the difficulty of adding waste containers to the narrow streets, and the necessity of a coherent waste collection plan. Participants also discussed unhealthy conditions in the municipal slaughterhouse. ‐ Recommending a complete restoration of the aromatic market “Souk El‐Attarin” to preserve the organization of the Islamic City. Participants also discussed the importance of intervention to give it back its historical role due to its proximity to the Mansouri Mosque.

2.4. CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY OF MAIN RECOMMENDATION

The five training workshops showed comparable resources required and constraints to implementation of environmental management plan (EMP). Obstacles mainly consist of lack of financial, human and technical resources; in addition to insufficient awareness and planning. The need for an update of regulations to increase municipal authority and avoid conflicting mandates was also noted. Cultural, social and administrative constraints were underlined as well, with the necessity of strict enforcement and control to limit violations. Common recommendations for the five cities include: • The need for an integrated traffic management plan and strict enforcement of traffic laws.

• Banning diesel cars that are not equipped with catalytic converters, reducing reliance on electric generators and promoting renewable energy to limit air pollution; planting trees along pavements to reduce noise pollution.

• Providing proper signage (warning, directions, parking…) and lighting in archeological sites.

• The need to preserve green spaces and enforce compliance with building codes.

• The need for sewage networks’ construction and operational solid waste and wastewater treatment plants.

• The need to ensure the cleanliness, rehabilitation, regular maintenance and safety in archeological sites (emergency medical centers or first aid facilities, integrated solid waste management).

• The need for contribution of local consultants and contractors (from the city) to the project since they are more knowledgeable about their city.

• The need to organize additional workshops without limiting attendance to elites.

Key recommendations and issues raised in each city are summarized below. Tyre Suggesting the creation of a Ministry of Planning in Lebanon.

The importance of fishing for income generation in Tyre; the continued use of illegal fishing methods such as dynamite and TNT, leading to reduced stocks and quality of fish. The role of citizens in preserving public properties such as cables, lighting, … Encouraging water conservation through awareness campaigns and the adoption of water metering and pricing.

Tripoli Concerns about negative impacts of the platform that was built to house the vegetable market above Abu Ali River. The size of the platform was also discussed. The importance of recruiting environmental experts in the public sector since they are currently replaced by civil engineers, chemists, biochemists…. Adding clauses relating to penalties to contracts in order to ensure the contractors’ compliance with environmental standards, and the importance of strict supervision to guarantee the project’s effectiveness. Conducting research to locate new archeological sites different from the ones already known. The existence of numerous abandoned ancient properties was also noted. Improving conditions and hygiene in markets; as well as unhealthy conditions in the municipal slaughterhouse. Complete restoration of the aromatic market “Souk El‐Attarin” to preserve the organization of the Islamic City. Give it back its historical role due to its proximity to the Mansouri Mosque.

Baalbek The importance of continuing the first phase of the project even if the second phase is suspended in Baalbek. Appropriately designing septic tanks to avoid leaching and match international standards. Developing and organizing the surroundings of the historical Temples of Baalbek to encourage tourism through creating parks, restaurants in addition to reforestation The necessity of improving drinking water quality to match international standards, since more than 70% of the population uses bottled water. Setting up a comprehensive waste collection plan, as well as applying the “polluter pays” principle to minimize unhealthy conditions in markets Matching the goods sold in markets with touristic requirements (souvenirs, postcards…) and fixing their prices to avoid fraud. Suggesting the creation of parks (and gardens) on the slopes of the Eastern Lebanon Mountain Range (Anti‐Lebanon Mountains), such as on the hill of Sheikh el Abdullah, in order to enhance tourism in the city of Baalbek..

Byblos Extending the study of water pollution to incorporate areas not included in CHUD; the need for a study of residues of July 2006 war (oil residues in the seabed). Setting clear environmental standards (size and distribution of containers, etc.) through increasing coordination between MoE and municipalities. Providing incentives for the implementation of environmental laws (such as tax exemptions…). The need for a highly qualified Tourist and Environmental Police. Participants noted that some trees planted during phase I of the CHUD project block the perspective of the archeological site. Implementing the “public safety” decree in all buildings regardless of their area. Financing environmental projects by the Central Bank of Lebanon, similarly to agricultural projects. Requiring the incorporation of safety measures into contracts, as well as adding penalties to ensure the compliance of contractors. Invitation of the public to attend municipal meetings (every 15 days) to assess the progress of projects in the city. Some participants also volunteered to form a committee that monitors the implementation of the second phase of the CHUD project in Byblos. Building capacities of civil society to guarantee sustainability of projects, since the municipal council is not permanent. The need for additional research relating to the status of Byblos port, the means of improving it, and the negative impact of conflicting mandates between the municipality and ministries, which leads to deteriorating conditions in ports. Developing areas surrounding archeological sites, where around 80% of the population lives. Providing public restrooms for tourists to avoid health problems. Making Byblos an environmentally sustainable city.

Sidon Promoting trees planting on rooftops and balconies. The importance of municipal attendance of tenders (مناقصات), even as an observer. Prioritizing environmental management in projects and accounting for the relevant financial resources needed in the initial budget (for development and operation phases). Monitoring and controlling the quality of materials used in projects (design and operation). The need to increase financial resources allocated to urban development, since around

45.6% of the population of the ancient city lives below the poverty line (with subsequent negative impact on the sustainability of the project). The CDR was advised to set priorities for scoring the performance of contractors and assessing their compliance with environmental and health standards (such as compliance with safety measures followed by environmental regulations, visual intrusion, etc.), and therefore apply penalties in the case of infractions (delays in payment, fines…). Documentation and keeping records of contractors’ performance were also proposed for future use. Participants noted as well the need to raise fines and promote compliance with health and environmental standards. The necessity of following a specific format for the monthly report compiled by the consultant to assess the contractor’s compliance, including 6 or 7 environmental issues and a clear scale (good, medium, low).

APPENDIX A: WORKSHOP AGENDA

8:30‐9:00 Participants registration 9:00‐9:15 Welcome and opening

Introduction of participants

Part 1: Analysis of the status quo 9:15‐9:45 Baseline environmental conditions‐phase 2 9:45‐10:00 Cost of environmental degradation 10:00‐10:15 Environmental legislation and regulations in Lebanon/ role of municipalities 10:15‐10:30 Environmental management plan for the CHUD project 10:30‐11:00 Phase I challenges and lessons learned 11:00‐11:30 Coffee break Part 2: Analysis of constraints to building environmental management capacities 11:30‐12:30 Analysis of constraints to building environmental management capacities 12:30‐1:00 Recommendations and guidelines

Experience of environmental committee, municipality of Byblos

Guidelines for environmental management in ports and markets

Part 3: Development of environmental capacities‐ Case study: Implementation of environmental management plan. 1:00‐2:00 Implementation of environmental management plan for the project

Exercise and collective discussion 2:00‐2:15 Workshop evaluation 2:15‐3:15 Lunch

APPENDIX B: BASELINE CONDITIONS IN THE CITIES

TYRE

2.5. THE CHUD STUDY AREA

Tyre City is situated along the Mediterranean coast, about 80 km to the south of Beirut. The phase II Study Area is in Tyr Old City, which covers three main locations:

1‐ The fishing harbor area (port waterfront); 2‐ The Bawabeh Square area; and 3‐ The Hamra (or Hiram) Street from Martyr Square to Awqaf Square.

2.6. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The main environmental issues of concern in the CHUD study area in Tyre include: Traffic congestion and parking capacity; Wastewater discharge north of the commercial port, Seawater pollution in the fishing port and north of the commercial port; Air pollution and noise; Visual intrusion, and Solid waste littering.

2.6.1. Traffic congestion and parking capacity

In this city, many vehicles are double parked reducing the roadway width and creating road closure and congestion. A comprehensive parking policy should be foreseen for the whole city which includes an organization of the available on‐street parking spaces taking into account prohibition of parking violation. In addition, evaluation of closing some sections of the road will require a micro model in order to set out the impacts of these road closures from a traffic point of view. Hence counts at a larger scale should be carried out (Automatic traffic counts, Manual traffic counts and turning movements). The survey shows that the parking supply should be organized and the double parking should be prohibited in order to avoid congestion. It is noted that the parking lot on Hiram road is not fully occupied while several car double‐parked on the road. The parking violation reduces the speed and the capacity of the road. A parking management system should optimize the use of parking spaces (on‐street and off‐street).

2.6.2. Wastewater Management and Seawater Pollution

Seawater quality is a major inconvenience for the environmental attractiveness of the CHUD project. The offensive odor and visual impacts from the raw sewage discharged, engine oils spills and floating solid waste especially along the Corniche facing the commercial port and within the fishermen harbor will have negative impact on the tourist and resident’s perceptions of the area’s environmental attractiveness and quality of life. Improvement of wastewater management within the CHUD area and implement Best Environmental Practices in the Fishermen Harbor will consequently improve seawater quality, leading to a positive impact on the CHUD project outcomes, the environment, and the tourism sector.

2.6.3. Air and Noise Pollution

PM10 concentration exceeded the limits at the Awqaf square and along Hamra (Hiram) Street. This is mainly attributed to the high traffic congestion at the square (two way streets) during peak commercial activity time in the morning and noon time and during nighttime along the Hamra Street. Similarly, the ambient noise level (Leq) readings within the entire CHUD Study Area exceed the Lebanese maximum allowable noise limit standards. Such noise levels causes noise disturbance to residents, pedestrians and visitors to the area.

2.6.4. Waste Littering

Waste littering is frequently observed along the CHUD Study Area. Despite regular street cleaning conducted by the municipality, the lack of enforcement, inadequate number and distribution of waste bins within the area and lack of awareness among residents, commercial shop operators and commuters is resulting in daily waste littering. Waste littering has negative visual impacts and reduces quality of life and attractiveness of tourists to the area. It is imperative that proper solid waste management should be implemented in the fishing harbor area which is highly visible and a key tourist attractive area.

TRIPOLI


The city of Tripoli is located along the Mediterranean coast in the Mohafaza of North Lebanon, around 80 Km north of Beirut. The CHUD Study Area and the components of the project in Tripoli Old City cover: Old souk (from Rachid Rida Street to Moussa Café Square/ Berket Bab el‐Ramel) The Maoulawiyah Park around the Rachid Karame Corniche; The central neighborhood around Hammam el Nouri; The surroundings of the St. Gilles Citadel; and Abou Ali River area and surrounding markets.


The main environmental issues of concern in the study areas in Tripoli are: 1‐ Traffic congestions and parking organization; 2‐ Waste Littering and uncontrolled Solid Waste disposal in Abou Ali River; 3‐ Negative Visual Aesthetic view; 4‐ Lack of green spaces; 5‐ River water pollution; and 6‐ Air and noise pollution.

2.8.1. Traffic Congestion and Parking Organization

The Abou Ali River area is very congested. The shops built along the river are made from tents, and roads’ pavement is destroyed and need to be repaired. This area should be renovated in order to promote the touristic visits and historical characteristics. However, the parking spaces should be organized, signed and marked. Currently, the parking’ users are mostly the employees and residents of the area. The renovation of the area through the implementation of the CHUD program will improve the whole accessibility and consequently volumes of the visitors and tourists will increase.

2.8.2. Waste Littering and Uncontrolled Disposal in Abou Ali River

One important aspect requiring more efforts is the problem of solid waste disposal and littering within the narrow streets of the old souks and the disposal of solid waste and bulky items in the Abou Ali River negatively affecting the city's appearance, environment, sanitation, and tourism sector which will lead to undesirable impacts on the project outcomes if not tackled. Despite regular street sweeping and river bed cleaning, the daily activities from the markets and pedestrians continue to add negative pressure on the CHUD area’s physical, social and economic environment. Such impacts will affect the proposed Bourtassi garden (from odors and visual impacts of the polluted Abou Ali River), shoppers, residents and pedestrians walking along the river and streets of the CHUD Area.

2.8.3. Visual Intrusion

Visual impact is also a key issue due to waste littering, traffic congestion, lack of green spaces and the disorganized parking and displaying of good along the river bank especially those on eastern side of the Abou Ali River. Under the CHUD project, the townscape in this area wills significantly improve. The Al Bourtassia Sq. where many important monuments are located will become a totally pedestrian space and will be landscaped and the Maoulawiyah Park will be fully landscaped for the benefit of

the local residents. The Western river‐side Corniche Rachid Karame will be renovated up to the Al Bourtassi Sq. with the introduction of sidewalks, the planting of trees, the narrowing of the carriageway and the creation of parking areas on either side for residents and visitors.

2.8.4. River Water Pollution

Abou Ali River water quality as shown earlier is polluted by sewage disposed from upstream villages and solid waste (especially the section crossing the market area). Solid waste dumping in the river and wastewater discharge at the river upstream need to be eliminated and properly controlled to enhance the visual and aesthetics view of the river. Legal enforcement, proper solid waste management (more waste bins, more frequent waste collection, etc.) and fines should be enforced in the market along the river.

2.8.5. Air and Noise Pollution

Air quality and noise pollution exceed both the WHO guidelines and Lebanese ambient levels especially along the Rachid Karame Corniche facing the Citadel resulting in various environmental and health impacts to residents and pedestrians. Traffic congestion is the main source of air and noise pollution. Air quality and noise level need to be improved in the CHUD area through improving traffic flow and circulation in the area. Many of these issues are expected to be resolved by the CHUD project's various components as well as other projects, which will lead to environmental improvement, conservation of the cultural heritage, and potential boosting of the tourism sector. The platform that extends over 300 m will prevent the disposal of the market's solid waste into the river. The space where they are currently located will become a parking space, and the traffic will be relocated to the other side of the river. The pavement on that side of the river was in a bad condition at the time of the visit; buildings comprised commercial shops at ground level, and residential units above. However, the continuity of such activities within the CHUD area will hinder the development objectives and benefits of the project.

BAALBEK


Baalbek City is located 86 km east of Beirut, at an altitude of 1,100 m a.s.l, and is surrounded by vast agricultural plains of the North Bekaa region. Baalbek is the administrative capital of the region. The CHUD Study Area covered in this baseline study is as follows: The Mutran Square area; The Market Area from Souq mosque to Ras el Ain Spring (along Ras el Ain boulevard); The Mercury Temple site; and The Qalla Square facing the Jupiter Temple site.


The most critical environmental issues identified include: 1‐ Traffic circulation problems at the city entrance at Mutran Square and market area 2‐ Air & noise pollution at Mutran square and market area 3‐ Illegal waste dumping and burning at the Mercury Temple site 4‐ Hygiene and Sanitary issues in the market area 5‐ Ras El Ain river water pollution 6‐ Visual intrusion in the market area

2.10.1. Traffic circulation and parking limitations

The traffic circulation in the city is a real problem as no circulation plan is adopted and a high number of vehicles abusing the road way signals is noticed. The circulation plan is not clearly adopted or effectively implemented, and high number of vehicles is currently abusing the road way signals. In addition, sections along the Rasl El Ain Boulevard are over occupied where vehicles are parked at an un‐permitted place. The morning peak period along the Ras Al Ain Boulevard is found to be between 11:00 AM and 12:00 PM while the evening peak hour is between 16:00 PM and 17:00 PM. Therefore in order to answer the needs of this city a large traffic model should be carried out taking into account not only the central district but also the villages in the surrounding in order to collect all the traffic coming to the city. This macro model should assist the decision makers to set out the most adequate circulation plan for the city.

2.10.2. Air and Noise Pollution at Mutran square and Market area

Air and noise quality in the Study Area is below WHO and Lebanese quality standards. The degradation of ambient air quality and excessive noise levels are mostly associated with the traffic conditions and nearby commercial activities in the Study Area. The implementation of the traffic management plan under the CHUD project and the enhancement of the road conditions, widening of sidewalks and introduction of new parking lots will help improve the local ambient air and noise quality. In addition, the confinement of the market area under the planned covered market structure will further reduce the noise level.

2.10.3. Illegal waste dumping in Mercury temple

Historic evidence of illegal waste littering, dumping and burning was observed at the site. The remote nature of the site, the proximity of several residential units and lack of site enclosure attracts such activities. The current state has negative visual impact on the historic site and acts as a breeding location for vector disease carriers (rodents, insects, flies, etc.). Under the CHUD Project, the historic

pedestrian circuits will be rehabilitated, so as to regain the connectivity for residents and visitors to the various monuments and spots of cultural interest including the Mercury Temple site. Hence, site cleanup, restoration and monitoring of waste disposal need to take place before opening the pathways to the site for visitors and tourists.

2.10.4. Hygiene and Sanitary issues The display of slaughtered meat produce outdoors along the pedestrian sidewalk raises several concerns regarding food safety and hygiene practices. The meat produce is exposed to outdoor pollutants with several located directly at the street. While local residents have adapted to such practices, it is most likely to be inconvenient and unacceptable to visitors and tourists. Further, such practices raise negative visual impacts along the street and has negative drawback on visitors and tourists expenditure in local restaurants. However, under the CHUD project, the market area will undergo an extensive redevelopment in order to guarantee a hygienic operation of the meat, fruit and vegetable produce sale; a covered market structure complete with vending areas will replace the current sprawl of informal stalls and will entail the provision of water, sanitation and waste management infrastructure, under municipal management.

2.10.5. Ras El Ain River Pollution Analysis of water samples from Ras Al Ain revealed fecal and organic contamination (BOD) of the water body mostly due to recreational surrounding and the constant exposure of the river to anthropogenic and urban effluent discharge activities. The quality of the water body is not permissible for domestic use of even human contact. Solid waste littering from upstream restaurants, cafes and pedestrians is evident despite the several measures taken by the municipality to control and eliminate such uncontrolled disposal. While the installed screens along the river acts as an effective measure to capture floating solid waste along the channel, the built up of the captured waste has negative visual impacts and obstructs the flow of the water in the channel. Monitoring of illegal waste littering upstream especially at the restaurant and cafes area with legal enforcement (fines, penalties, etc.) with more frequent cleanup at the screens is needed.

2.10.6. Visual Intrusion Visual intrusion is mostly related to solid waste littering in the Ras El Ain Channel, low quality street furniture along the Ras El Ain Boulevard and commercial activities visual intrusion at the market area. The visual intrusion will be reduced under the CHUD project works where the market area will undergo an extensive redevelopment, the public park (garden) will be rehabilitated and landscaped; the water channel that runs parallel to the boulevard will be raised and treated as a quality feature as opposed to drainage, the pedestrian sidewalks will be improved and provided with trees and street furniture; new parking areas will be created on the northern and southern sides of the boulevard for visitors and residents.

BYBLOS


The phase II Study Area in Byblos City covers three main locations falling west of the highway: The city entrance (the Tripoli Gate); The historic city center; and The harbor area and coastal zone leading to the land castle area.


The main environmental issues of concern in the CHUD study area in Byblos include: 1‐ Downhill of the archeological site is threatened by erosion; 2‐ Traffic and parking congestion; and 3‐ Air pollution and noise level at intersection leading to harbor area (B2 location).

2.12.1. Soil erosion at archaeological site The downhill pathway to the archaeological site is threatened by erosion. Rehabilitation works will be carried out under the CHUD project to create a pedestrian promenade on top of the medieval wall surrounding the historic city on the Northern side, offering a view over the historic city, the archaeological site and the sea.

2.12.2. Traffic and parking congestion The qualitative traffic monitoring shows that the central souk of Byblos city, where all activities are located, is very crowded. Many car parking violation are observed especially at banks surrounding. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that the traffic conditions in the touristic areas are acceptable and no congestion is noticed during a normal weekday. However, in weekend days and holidays the harbor zone and the roads leading to it are usually very congested and parking lots are fully occupied. Traffic circulation in Byblos is well organized. However minor adjustments should be implemented in order to optimize the accessibility to the old city:

‐ The on‐street parking spaces along the harbor which are operated by the municipality should be signalized and very well marked;

‐ Park meter should be added where it is noticed that this work is done manually by a agent from the municipality which is not reliable and safe way;

‐ All on‐street parking spaces in the city should be organized and the no‐ parking zones should be perfectly prohibited;

‐ Off‐street parking lots should also be well indicated.

These actions can reduce the congestion caused by the driver behavior and optimize the use of parking facility, which consequently will improve the accessibility to the Byblos and mostly to the old city.

2.12.3. Air and noise pollution at intersection leading to Harbor area (B2 location) Air quality at the B2 location exceeded the WHO guidelines for PM10 and SO2 levels. The noise level, in addition to air quality, is a source of public nuisance with health impact consequences on residents and visitors in addition to environmental problems. This should be resolved through CHUD project

planned traffic plan (vehicular restrictions, parking lots, traffic organization) which is expected to lead to their reduction to a certain extent. Other sources of emissions in this area should be controlled.

SIDON


Saida City is located 35 Km South of Beirut along the Mediterranean coast. Saida is the administrative center for the Mohafaza of South Lebanon. The city is subdivided into three cadastral zones, the historic core, the Dekerman, and Wastani. The historic core accounts for a total area of 20 ha. The CHUD Study Area covered in this baseline study is as follows: The coastal/harbor zone facing the fishermen port and around Khan el Franj Along Chakrieh Street starting from Khan el Keshle to the end of street along the market area


The most critical environmental issues identified include: 1‐ Seawater pollution at the harbor and along pedestrian bridge to sea castle ; 2‐ Air and noise pollution; 3‐ Traffic and parking congestion; 4‐ Visual intrusion along the Chakrieh street; and 5‐ Lack of green spaces.

2.14.1. Seawater Pollution at the harbor and along pedestrian bridge to sea castle Seawater quality is a major inconvenience for the environmental attractiveness of the CHUD project especially for residents, pedestrians and tourists crossing along the Corniche sidewalk and the bridge connecting the sea castle with the shore. The offensive odor and visual impacts from the raw sewage discharged, engine oils spills and floating solid waste especially within the fishermen harbor will have negative impact on the tourist and resident’s perceptions of the area’s environmental attractiveness and quality of life. Improvement of wastewater management and implement Best Environmental Practices in the Fishermen Harbor consequently improve seawater quality, leading to a positive impact on the CHUD project outcomes, the environment, and the tourism sector.

2.14.2. Air Pollution and Noise Level at harbor and Chakrieh north entrance intersection The area along the harbor waterfront and at the entrance of Chakrieh Street suffers from elevated SO2 concentration levels that exceed the WHO guidelines. The main sources of SO2 are identified to be the traffic in adjacent road, number of nearby backup diesel power generators that were operational during the monitoring activity and small scale shops. Noise pollution exceeded the Lebanese ambient noise levels in all Study Area resulting in various environmental and health impacts to residents and pedestrians. Traffic congestion and nearby commercial activities is the main source of noise pollution. Air quality and noise level will be improved along the Chakrieh Street once the street is converted to pedestrian zone.

2.14.3. Traffic and parking congestion An off‐street parking should be dedicated for the summer activities on the sea road. This parking could be shared with the workers, employees and visitors of offices in the surrounding area during off‐peak periods and low seasons. However, closing some sections of the road require counts at a larger scale and should be based on results of micro modeling in order to set out the impact of these road closures from a traffic point of view. It is important to mention that the conditions in the touristic areas are acceptable and no congestion is noticed during a normal weekday. However, in weekend days and holidays the harbor zone and the roads leading to it are usually very congested and parking lots are fully occupied.

The parking spaces are used by various purposes: visitors, residents and employees. These numbers show that on a regular weekday the capacity of circuit is quite consistent with the related demand, while on a holiday or weekend periods the area becomes overcrowded and the number of cars will cause traffic congestion in the area.

2.14.4. Visual intrusion along Chakrieh Street Waste littering, waste pile up in front of shops during the daytime, low quality street furniture, traffic congestion, illegal stands, network of visible electric cables/wires hanging across the street and absence of any green spaces or trees was observed along the Chakrieh Street resulting in negative visual impacts on the CHUD area.

2.14.5. Lack of Green Spaces in the CHUD Area With the exception of the sidewalk along the harbor waterfront, the rest of the Study Area lacks any green spaces or landscaped areas. This will have negative visual effect on the study area and reduces the air purification characteristics of green spaces in urban centers.

APPENDIX C: MAPS OF CHUD STUDY AREA

TYRE

TRIPOLI

BAALBEK

BYBLOS

APPENDIX D: SECTION II PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS

TYRE

TRIPOLI

BAALBEK

BYBLOS

APPENDIX E: SECTION III: IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) MATRIX

TYRE

Impact / risk to the continuity of the project and mitigation measures during the operational phase

Expected measures Responsibility Resources required Constraints

Traffic Maintenance of traffic signs and parking spaces

‐Adding missing signs. ‐Rehabilitation of parking spaces.

Municipality of Tyre.

Financial resources and planning.

Insufficient awareness and decision making.

Maintenance of parking spaces and roads

Enlarging and organizing parking areas.

Local authorities. Financial resources and planning.

Lack of human resources.

Improving access to archaeological site

‐Traffic management (adding traffic signs). ‐Defining pedestrian areas.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Relevant ministries.

‐Police. ‐Legislations. ‐Financial resources.

‐Lack of human resources (Police) and planning. ‐Insufficient legislations.

Equipping parking spaces and banning double parking to reduce traffic congestion

‐Adding park meters. ‐Defining parking spaces.

Municipality of Tyre

‐Financial resources. ‐Decision making ‐Human resources.

Lack of awareness

Air quality

Implementation of long term strategies (beyond the scope of the CHUDP)

‐Banning diesel cars that are not equipped with catalytic converters. ‐ Promoting renewable energy.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities.

Financial, cultural, social and environmental resources

Lack of long‐term strategies

Noise level



Sound insulation and pavement maintenance

‐Planting trees along pavements (sound insulation). ‐Regular maintenance of pavements and roads.


Financial resources and expertise.

‐Expensive maintenance of trees. ‐Lack of expertise such as an engineering unit in the Municipality.

Limiting vehicle speed ‐Traffic signs

‐Enhancing control and monitoring (cameras, equipments…) to ensure respect of traffic laws.


‐Financial and human resources. ‐Decision making.



Legislations and decrees. Central and local authorities.

Financial and human resources

Insufficient regulations, strategies and planning,

Landscape and visual intrusion

Maintenance of exterior material, visual screens or greenbelts

‐Reduction of unregulated construction and urban sprawl. ‐Increasing greenbelts.

Local and central authorities.

‐Decision making (executive power).

‐Setting guidelines

‐Lack of control. ‐Necessity of priority setting.

Enforcing compliance with building code as well as developed architectural plans

‐Enhancing control (through a specialized body for this purpose). ‐Uniform construction.

Local and central authorities


Lack of financial, human and cultural resources

Water quality supply



Maintenance of surface water drainage

‐Regular maintenance of drainage network, particularly before winter time. ‐Allocation of tasks.


‐Technical resources (for maintenance of the network).

‐ Human resources.

‐Financial resources.

‐Violations and intrusions. ‐Lack of data (studies and maps)/ ‐ Insufficient allocation of financial resources for maintenance of surface water drainage. ‐ Lack of human resources and technical expertise.

Prohibiting disposal of untreated wastewater in areas with limited flushing capabilities

‐Analysis for linking sewage to the main sewage network if possible. ‐Find alternatives to ensure appropriate disposal of sewage.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Federation of municipalities. ‐Water establishment‐South Lebanon.

‐Comprehensive planning.

‐Allocation of financial resources (municipal budget) for research and implementation of projects.

‐Tenders (مناقصات) for implementation of projects.

‐Lack of space for projects. ‐Lack of financial resources. ‐Insufficient cooperation of citizens.



Providing incentives for the efficient use of water (beyond the scope of the CHUDP)

‐ Encouraging water conservationthrough awareness campaigns to reduce consumption. ‐Adoption of water metering (pricing).

‐Water establishment‐Tyre. Water establishment‐South Lebanon.

‐Enhance tax collection.

‐Resources (particularly financial resources).

‐Lack of financial resources (institutional budget) and technical expertise.

Waste generation

Maintenance of waste management system at archaeological sites

‐Provide waste containers in archeological sites. ‐ Provision of a specialized local unit for routine collection of wastes. ‐Adding guidelines and instructions in the archeological site.

‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Municipality of Tyre.

Financial resources through Ministry of Culture.

Insufficient allocation of financial resources.

Health and safety

Adding signs and warnings ‐Locating dangerous areas and surrounding them with barriers and fences. ‐Notify residents of dangerous places and buildings. ‐Adding signs and warning in dangerous areas.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transportation. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities.

‐Legislations and regulations.

‐Enforcement.

‐Financial and human resources.

‐Insufficient cooperation of citizens.

‐ Lack of enforcement and control.

‐Lack of financial resources.



Mark developed tourist tracks clearly

‐Adding signs and warnings in archeological sites. ‐Providing touristic maps of the city. ‐Maintenance of passages and roads.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Tourism.

‐Human resources and expertise (guides…).

‐ Financial resources.

‐Lack of data regarding touristic resorts and sites in the city.

‐Lack of coordination between ministries.

‐Lack of human resources.

Introduce proper orientation sign posting such as “you are here” panels at parking facilities and along developed tourist tracks

‐Scanning the archeological sites to specify adequate locations for signs. ‐Introduce proper signs in important sites.


Financial and human resources for the scanning of sites.

Lack of financial and human resources.

Providing appropriate lighting in archaeological sites, tracks, and parking facilities

Routine surveillance and maintenance.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Local committees.


‐Human resources (powers, training…)

Lack of financial resources.

Providing guards and guides during visiting hours at archaeological sites, tracks, parking facilities

‐Survey to assess required financial and human resources. ‐Planning.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Ministry of Culture.

‐Financial and human resources.

‐Increase powers of the Municipality.

‐Conflicting mandates between Ministry of Tourism and the municipality.

‐Dense traffic and non‐compliance with traffic



laws.

Providing an emergency medical center or first aid facility

Detailed description of the neededemergency medical center near the archeological site

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Ministry of Health. ‐Health societies.

‐Establishment of the emergency medical center.

‐Human resources (recruitment and volunteering).

Provide an adequate ‐easy to access‐ space.

Eliminating structural situations presenting risks for visitors

‐Maintenance of roads and pavements. ‐Strong safety measures in working places (barriers, protective equipment…)

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Municipal police for surveillance.

‐Human resources.

‐Technical resources (equipment and machinery).

‐Lack of technical resources.

‐Insufficient surveillance and maintenance.



Archeology and cultural heritage

Routine monitoring and maintenance

‐Provision of a specialized local unit for routine surveillance.


‐Human resources (engineers, technicians and guards).

‐Allocation of financial resources (municipal budget) for routine monitoring and maintenance

‐Lack of financial resources (insufficient municipal budget).

‐Insufficient ability to enforce the law (non‐compliance of citizens).

‐Insufficient ability to recruit additional human resources

Develop visitor’s code of behavior at archaeological sites to be printed on the back of the entrance ticket or on the free brochure for the site

‐Provide detailed signs and a tourist office for guidance. ‐Organize activities to encourage domestic tourism. ‐Survey of previous or current models used in other areas.



‐Training of volunteers to become guides.

No constraints

Controlling vegetation growth Use of environmentally friendly methods to control vegetation growth.



‐Information on the used materials and

Lack of financial resources and information on the used materials and suppliers.



suppliers.

Implementing waste collection and management plan at the sites

Awareness campaigns to promote the use of waste containers and bins.

‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Civil society. ‐Schools.

‐Financial and resources and human expertise.

‐Routine ameliorative activities.

‐Efficient local media (publications...).

‐Non‐compliance with laws.

‐Insufficient capacity to enforce laws and lack of accountability.

Fixing of loose stone parts by gluing with appropriate resins, injections, insertion of steel and fiberglass bars and clamps

Strict control and surveillance. ‐Consultant. ‐Contractor. ‐Municipality of Tyre.

Human resources (engineers and technicians).

‐Natural resources. ‐Lack of local experts.



Cleaning of areas in need of consolidation by mechanical or chemical methods

‐Taking into account public safety measures. ‐Transfer of population from workplaces until completion.

‐Consultant. ‐Contractor. ‐Municipality of Tyre. ‐Local committees.

Guarding the site by the municipal police or assigned local committees.


‐Lack of space.

TRIPOLI




Permanent operation and strict punishment of violations (cameras…)

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Civil society.


Lack of financial resources and social constraints.


Routine maintenance ‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transportat ‐Civil society.

Financial, human and technical resources.

‐Lack of financial resources. ‐Lack of a clear vision.


‐Maintenance and equipment of roads. ‐Provide services for visitors. ‐Develop an entrance and exit plan for archeological sites.

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Relevant ministries. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities.

Financial resources and human expertise.



‐Routine surveillance. ‐Fines for violations.

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Traffic police.

Human resources Streets insufficiently maintained and equipped

Air quality


Reduce air pollution ‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Ministry of Interior and

Human resources The will to formulate and properly implement a plan.



Municipalities. ‐Civil society.

Noise level


Routine maintenance ‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Relevant ministries. ‐Civil society.

Financial and human resources.


Limiting vehicle speed Providing speed limit signs on the roads.


Human resources Social constraints.


Control and limit sources of noise ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities. ‐Civil society.

Human resources Social constraints (lack of awareness and concern)



Protection of existing green spaces, and creation of additional spaces.



Absence of an integrated plan


Updating and development of regulations, and monitoring their enforcement.

Ministry of Public Works and Transport.

Human resources Administrative constraints.

Water quality supply



Maintenance of surface water drainage

The need for regular testing and monitoring of water quality.

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Relevant ministries.

Human resources Administrative constraints


The need for sewage networks construction and development.

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport.

Financial resources Financial and administrative constraints.


‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Waste generation


Development and improvement of waste management plan.

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Relevant ministries. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Civil society.


‐Financial and administrative constraints.


Ban waste littering in river bed The need for legislations and surveillance

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities.

Human resources Administrative constraints



‐Civil society.

Health and safety

Adding signs and warnings Adding signs and warning along the roads


Financial resources Lack of financial resources


The need for recent planning. ‐Relevant ministries. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities.




The need to begin the process of implementation

Municipality of Tripoli

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Lack of a clear vision




Financial resources Lack of financial resources





Municipality of Tripoli and civil society.


‐Financial and administrative constraints.

‐Absence of an integrated plan.


The need to take into account health impacts before implementing projects.

‐Ministry of Health. ‐Civil society.



The need for applied measures to preserve public safety.





The need for routine monitoring, maintenance and planning.

‐Ministry of Tripoli. ‐Relevant ministries. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Civil society.

Human and financial resources.




Develop visitor’s code of behavior at archaeological sites

The need to take into account visitor’s code of behavior when considering rehabilitation of the site.

‐Municipality of Tripoli. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities.

Human resources Administrative constraints.

Controlling vegetation growth The need for routine surveillance to control vegetation growth.





The need of implementation of an integrated management plan.



Financial and administrative constraints.


The need for routine maintenance and reparation.



Lack of financial and human resources


Providing the necessary equipment and an integrated maintenance plan.



Lack of financial and human resources

BAALBEK




Increase the number of traffic signs. Municipal police and security officers to regulate traffics.

Financial resources ‐Poor traffic management. ‐Lack of human resources (police).


Provide and maintain new parking spaces (with small fees).

‐Municipality of Baalbek ‐Lebanese Internal Security Forces.

Financial resources Lack of space (necessity of public appropriation .(االستمالك


Traffic management (necessity of expropriation (االستمالك to improve roads and access to archeological sites.

Ministry of Culture.

Financial resources for public appropriation االستمالك

Lack of financialresources.


Provide guides and adequate lightening to improve access to sites.

Municipality of Baalbek

Financial resources to recruit guards for parking spaces.

Insufficient number of parking spaces.

Air quality


Necessity of implementing long term strategies that depend on experience and knowledge to preserve green parks in the city (limit construction)

Municipality of Baalbek.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Lack of Human resources



and increase pedestrian areas.

Noise level


Limit traffic in certain areas (ban cars with obvious toxic exhaust).

Municipal police and security officers.

Financial resources to recruit necessary human resources.

Instructing car drivers not to use car horns unless necessary.

Limiting vehicle speed Setting maximal speed limit within the city to 20 Km/h.

Municipal police and security officers.

Financial resources Providing traffic signs.



Planting and preserving trees in arid areas.

القائممقام لتأمين موظف خاص لھا

Financial resources to recruit human resources.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐


Strict control regarding building permits.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Directorate General of Urban Planning.

New urban planning scheme.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Water quality supply Maintenance of surface water drainage

Reduce waste littering. ‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐NGOs (awareness

Human resources (police) to control cleanliness.

‐Lack of capacities and legislations. ‐Insufficient interest in environmental issues.



campaigns).


Operation of the wastewater treatment plant of Iaat (إيعات) and the sewage network.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Ministry of Energy and Water. ‐Ministry of Environment.


‐Lack of coordination. ‐Neglect of the city.


Awareness campaigns regarding importance of the water.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Ministry of Energy and Water.

Financial resources, grants and legislations.

‐Neglect of water related issues.

‐Lack of control.

Waste generation


‐Add waste containers. ‐Recruit human resources for waste management. ‐Billboards.

‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐NGOs.

‐Technical resources.

‐Human resources.

‐Educating people.

Lack of resources and interest.

Ban waste littering in river bed ‐Strict control and surveillance. ‐Billboards to promote reduction of waste littering.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Civil society.

‐Environmental experts.

Lack of coordination.



‐Accountability.

‐Provide incentives.

Health and safety

Adding signs and warnings Adding signs and warnings. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Municipality of Baalbek.


‐Human resources (for maintenance).

Lack of organization, interest and resources.


Adding special signs. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Municipality of Baalbek.


‐Human resources.

‐Follow‐up.

‐Lack of interest.

‐Lack of knowledge about importance of signs and warnings


√ ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Municipality of Baalbek.


Lack of follow‐up.












√ ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Municipality of Health.




√ ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Ministry of Health.




Routine monitoring and ‐Noting the importance of cultural heritage.

‐Municipality of Baalbek.

‐Financial resources. ‐ Lack of a clear work



maintenance ‐Protecting cultural heritage from abuse (in coordination with Directorate General of Antiquities and Ministry of Culture). ‐Restoration and maintenance of archeological monuments and buildings. ‐Create attractive surroundings of archeological sites.

‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Ministry of Culture. ‐Ministry of Education and Higher Education. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport. ‐Civil society

‐Human resources.

‐‐Project management and control of operation phase.

plan.

‐Insufficient knowledge about the importance of cultural heritage.

‐Lack of interest of stakeholders.


‐Adding multiple language signs to guide tourists. ‐Provide parking spaces for vehicles. ‐Distribution of brochures and maps of archeological sites. ‐Provide touristic guides.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministries of Tourism, Culture, Education and Higher Education, and Public Works and Transport.

‐Security Forces.

‐Tourist and municipal police.

‐Guides.


‐Security problems.



‐Civil society. ‐Security Forces and Tourist Police.

Controlling vegetation growth ‐Remove weeds. ‐Use pesticides and herbicides.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Ministry of Culture. ‐Ministry of Education and Higher Education. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport. ‐Civil society

‐Human resources (technicians)

‐Technical resources (pesticides, herbicides, equipments…)

Lack of financial resources


‐Waste segregation. ‐Adding waste containers. ‐Provide improve quality of drinking water to reduce the use of bottled water.

Archeological site management unit.

Human resources (technicians for surveillance and cleaning).





‐Provide necessary human resources (engineers for restoration, technicians…) ‐Provide technical resources.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Culture. ‐Ministry of Tourism

Human resources (engineers, technicians, guards…)

Lack of financial resources


‐Purchase machinery and equipment for maintenance and cleaning. ‐Spraying of herbicides and pesticides.

‐Municipality of Baalbek. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport.

‐Human resources (vehicle drivers, technicians to spray herbicides…)

‐Financial resources


BYBLOS




Comprehensive study of traffic signs and parking spaces.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Ministries of Culture, Tourism and Public Works and Transportation

‐Surveys to assess the current situation and studies for traffic management. ‐Financial resources.



‐Provide new environmentally friendly parking spaces (lighting through solar energy) equipped with park meters. ‐Maintenance of existing parking spaces. ‐Provide pavements.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transportation.

‐Park meters ‐Photovoltaic lighting (solar energy).

‐Lack of human resources. Conflicting mandates.


‐Bus Stations. ‐Electric shuttles. ‐Specifying pedestrian areas.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Relevant departments.

‐Comprehensive survey. ‐Finding financiers and investors interested in sustainable development.

‐Lack of financial and human resources. ‐Insufficient legislations.


As mentioned above ‐Municipality of Byblos ‐Civil society, schools…

‐Human resources (for traffic management, tourist and environmental police).

‐insufficient awareness. ‐Cultural constraints.



‐Awareness campaigns.

Air quality


‐Solve traffic problems. ‐Solve problem of electric generators.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transportation.‐Ministry of Energy and Water.

‐Law enforcement. ‐As mentioned above.

Unsatisfactory ministerial performance

Noise level


‐Law enforcement ‐Strict monitoring and control of violations. ‐Planting trees along pavements sound insulation).

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Security Forces. ‐Tourist police. ‐Private sector (establishment owners)

Increasing municipal authority

Laws


‐Strategic plan for 15 years. ‐Promote renewable energy (solar, wind…)

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Civil society. ‐Private sector. ‐Universities

Human resources Lack of financial and human resources





‐Using underground cables. ‐Increasing green spaces.

Relevant ministries in coordination with the municipality of Byblos.

‐Surveys and studies to use underground cables.




Law enforcement and amendments to comply with municipal requirements.

‐Civil society. ‐Relevant ministries.

Accountability Nepotism


Separating storm water and wastewater collection systems, as well as mountainous areas and coastal areas collection systems.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Federation of Municipalities of Byblos.

‐Human and financial resources.

‐Legislations and enforcement (executive power).



‐Establishment of a sewage network. ‐Training technicians to control violations.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Executive authorities.


‐Lack of financial resources. ‐Natural constraints.


‐Awareness campaigns in education centers. ‐Aid and support.

Ministry of Education and Higher Education.

Human resources No constrains



Waste generation


‐Providing waste containers and promoting sorting. ‐Transport system.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Federation of Municipalities of Byblos.

‐Technical resources (necessary equipment).

‐Adequate design, consistent with the site.


‐Lack of continuity and follow‐up.

‐Insufficient awareness.

Ban waste littering in river bed ‐Punishment of violations محاضر ) .(ضبط‐Environmental inspectors for continuous monitoring.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Civil society. ‐Water establishment‐Mount Lebanon (مياه أدونيس)

‐Human expertise.


Lack of awareness of citizens and visitors.

Health and safety

Adding signs and warnings ‐Strict punishment of violations. ‐Respect of Human rights.

Municipality of Byblos and concerned authorities.


‐Human expertise.

‐Terms of contracts.

‐Conflicting mandates.


‐Signs. ‐Tourist maps. ‐Separate pedestrian pathways and motorways.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Ministry of Tourism.

Human resources ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐




Introduce proper orientation signs in all parts of the city.

Municipality of Byblos

Human resources

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐


Provide appropriate lighting as part of an integrated parking management plan.

Municipality of Byblos and concerned authorities األجھزة ) .(المتخصصة


‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐


Training of guards ‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Ministry of Tourism.




Provide and equip a suitable location. Municipality of Byblos. ‐Ministry of Tourism.

Financial and Human resources.



Routine surveillance to prevent and eliminate structural situations presenting risks for visitors

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Internal Security Forces. ‐Ministry of

‐Human and financial resources.

‐Legislations.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐



Public Works and Transportation‐Ministry of Tourism.

‐Implementation and enforcement (executive power)



‐Provide an archeological department in the municipality. ‐Provide a local Atlas for archeological monuments.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Private sector.

‐Human expertise.

‐Collection of studies and publications (Archive).


‐Legal constraints.


‐Providing guidance billboards in historic city. ‐Specifying tourist pathways.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Tourism.

Financial resources Lack of financial resources.

Controlling vegetation growth ‐Routine maintenance. ‐Control of planted species.

Archeological site management unit.

Human expertise Lack of financial resources.


Provide waste containers Archeological site management unit.

Financial resources Lack of financial resources.




‐Pursue surveys. ‐Restitution and restoration.

Directorate General of Antiquities

‐Human expertise.

‐Technical resources (for laboratories and offices in charge of research related to the archeological site)

Financial resources


‐Identify problems. ‐Fix loose mosaic across the city.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities.

‐Human resources.

‐Comprehensive survey


Stimulate tourism Developing a multilingual audio system at the site.

‐Municipality of Byblos. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Tourism.

‐Technical resources.

‐Assigning numbers to sites and explaining their characteristics.


SIDON




Providing traffic signs and parking spaces on the seaside.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities.




Provide signs indicating parking spaces and times.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities.




Provide parking spaces near archeological sites but outside the old city.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

‐Activating tourism office in Sidon. ‐Providing guides and new brochures about the city. ‐Lack of financial resources.


Increasing the number of parking spaces. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Air quality




Reducing air pollution level. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Noise level


‐Planting trees along pavements (sound insulation). ‐Specifying tracks of heavy trucks.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Agriculture. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport.



Limiting vehicle speed ‐Signs.

‐Speed Measurement radar.

‐Giving speeding tickets.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Insufficient awareness.


Specifying tracks for heavy trucks. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transportat. ‐Lebanese Internal Security Forces.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

‐Lack of awareness. ‐ Unsatisfactory cooperation of civil society.





‐Promoting trees planting on rooftops and balconies. ‐Organizing distribution of electric wires.

Civil society ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Lack of awareness


Strict enforcement of laws. ‐ Engineering department of the Municipality. ‐ Directorate General of Urban Planning.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐


‐Routine maintenance of sewage network and removal of wastes. ‐Integrated management plan for the city in coordination with civil society.

Municipality of Sidon

Technical resources (pumps, bars…)

‐Insufficient awareness. ‐Neglect of sites. ‐Lack of human resources.


‐Linking sewage network to a treatment plant. ‐Operation and maintenance of the treatment plant.

‐Relevant ministries. ‐Contractor. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Problems between the contractor and local authorities/ complicated administrative procedures.


‐Awareness campaigns in cooperation with NGOs. ‐Monitoring well digging.

‐Water establishment. ‐Ministry of Energy and Water.

‐Financial resources for maintenance.

‐Uninterrupted electric current.




Waste generation


‐Providing workers for cleaning services. ‐Providing waste containers in clear places. ‐Providing signs. ‐Specifying pedestrian pathways and dangerous areas to protect visitors.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Ministry of Culture. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (police). ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport. ‐Ministry of Environment.

‐Financial resources (allocation in ministerial and municipal budgets).

‐Human resources.

‐Technical resources (for transport of wastes).


‐Inadequate planning.

‐The need for solid waste treatment plants. ‐ Unsatisfactory cooperation of civil society and lack of awareness. ‐ Lack of coordination, control and monitoring of projects and contractors.

Ban waste littering in river bed ‐Billboards to alert citizens. ‐Adding waste containers. ‐Provide human resources for control and punishing violations with fines. ‐Awareness campaigns. ‐Provide incentives for environmentally friendly touristic projects.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Energy and Water. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Ministry of Culture.

‐Financial resources (budget of ministries and local authorities.)

‐Provide waste containers and define their locations.

‐Adding billboards to

‐Insufficient awareness and control.

‐Abuse for commercial purposes.

‐Need for wastewater treatment plants.



‐Civil society. alert citizens.

‐Adding barriers to ensure public safety.

‐Creating bridges.

‐Routine maintenance of equipments to ensure their effectiveness.

‐Lack of planning and financial resources.

Health and safety

Adding signs and warnings Coordination between municipality and security forces.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport.

Technical resources (signs, paints, raw material…)

‐Insufficient awareness.

‐Lack of human expertise.

‐Insufficient planning.


Providing signs, parking spaces, brochures, maps of the city, tourist pathway, and a website.

‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Ministry of Interior and Municipalities. ‐Ministry of

‐Coordination.

‐Increasing contribution of specialists and civil

‐Lack of coordination.

‐Lack of human resources (guides).



Culture. ‐Civil society. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities.

society


‐Increase the number of signs. ‐Provide necessary resources for Municipality of Interior and Municipalities.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Public Works and Transport.

‐Technical resources (paints, signs…)

‐Coordination between relevant parties.

‐Lack of coordination.

‐Bureaucracy.

‐Conflicting mandates.


Provide electric power, a comprehensive lighting plan of archeological sites, clear lighting of parking spaces and pathways; in addition to the necessary laws.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐“Électricité Du Liban” (EDL)

‐Technical resources for lighting and alternative power supply (for an uninterrupted electric current).

‐Financial resources for maintenance.

‐Lack of awareness

‐Sabotage.

‐Prioritizing price instead of quality when buying equipments.

‐Insufficient cooperation of civil society.




‐Increase municipal authority. ‐Provide highly trained and qualified guides (training workshops). ‐Recruit additional staff for parking spaces. ‐Mastering foreign languages. Increase coordination.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministry of Tourism. ‐Parking owners

‐Human resources.

‐Increase civil society’s knowledge about the city’s cultural heritage

Lack of coordination between Tourism offices, municipalities and Ministry of Tourism.


‐Developing local clinics. ‐Providing signs and brochures indicating clinics’ direction, in addition to emergency phone numbers.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Civil society. ‐Ministry of Health.

First aid equipment. ‐Inadequate infrastructure (narrow roads).



‐Routine surveillance to indicate dangerous facilities. ‐Take the necessary measures quickly to eliminate danger. ‐Notify owners and occupants of dangerous facilities.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Directorate General of Antiquities.

‐Human expertise.

‐Control.


‐Lack of cooperation of owners, occupants and concerned official parties.

‐Providing alternatives houses.

‐ Unsatisfactory cooperation of civil society and insufficient maintenance of facilities



and houses.



‐Providing financial resources for routine monitoring, an integrated plan for routine maintenance(Archive), human experts for management and maintenance. ‐Increase contribution of civil society. ‐Awareness campaigns explaining the importance of cultural heritage.

‐Municipality of Sidon. ‐Ministries of Tourism, Culture, Environment, Interior and Municipalities. ‐Civil society.



‐Tourist police.

‐Coordination between ministries, municipality of Sidon and civil society.

‐ Necessary space for storage of equipment needed for control and maintenance.

‐Lack of financial resources and human expertise.

‐Bureaucracy.

‐Lack of public and private control and surveillance.

‐Prioritizing personal individual interest rather than public welfare (by contractor).

‐ Refusal of restoration process by some citizens.


‐Providing signs, billboards, brochures, warnings. ‐Specify measures taken to preserve public safety.

‐Archeological site management unit (Ministries of Tourism and Culture).

‐Financial resourcesand human expertise, guides.

‐Maps indicating

‐Lack of contribution of visitors and citizens.

‐Neglect of archeological sites.



‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Specialized work team.

locations to be visited by tourists.

‐Lack of compliance with health and safety measures.

Controlling vegetation growth Routine removal of weeds and maintenance of archeological sites.

‐Archeological site management unit (Ministries of Tourism and Culture). ‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Specialized work team. ‐Ministry of Agriculture.

‐Technical resources (equipment).

‐Human resources (including an agronomist)

‐Lack of control.

‐Absence of a clear work plan.


Develop a clear management plan and provide human resources for implementation and follow‐up, in addition to adequate infrastructure and equipment within the site.

‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministry of Tourism.


Lack of financial resources, planning and coordination between ministries and management units.




Providing human, technical and financial resources.

‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Relevant ministries.

Financial and human resources (technicians, police, management unit)

Lack of financial resources, planning and coordination between ministries and management units.


Providing technical, financial and human resources, in addition to billboards and advertisement.

‐Directorate General of Antiquities. ‐Ministries of Culture, Tourism and Environment.

Financial, human and technical resources.

Lack of financial resources and responsiveness.

APPENDIX F: WORKSHOP EVALUATION FORM

Explain your knowledge about the following (circle the answer)

Knowledge

Before training workshop After training workshop Very weak

weak Average good Very good

Very weak

weak Average good Very good

1‐I can identify environmental problems within the scope of municipality

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

2‐ I know the role of municipalities as set in national environmental legislations

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

3‐I can identify constraints to development of municipal environmental management capacities

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

4‐I can develop an environmental management plan

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

5‐I can identify resources required for environmental management.

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

Objectives and workshop material (1=not good, 5= excellent) Topic 1 2 3 4 5 Clarity of the workshop Correspondence of workshop material to its objectives Workshop material Workshop organization (1=not good, 5=excellent) Topic 1 2 3 4 5 Workshop organization and agenda Location of workshop Duration of the workshop Timing of workshop Presentation means Food and beverage services Evaluation of workshop organizers (1=not good, 5=excellent) Topic 1 2 3 4 5 Presentation skills Knowledge about presented topics Level of interaction with participants Time management Most useful sections of the workshop: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Least useful sections of the workshop: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Suggestions: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

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Cultural Heritage and Urban Development Project (CHUD) 15 2012/Appendix L- Exec Summ_EMP... ·...

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