Cultural HeritageCultural HeritageCultural HeritageCultural Heritage

Where is the place in the photo?

Have you ever been there?

What do you think if it is demolished?

Source: Wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Oceanparkrides.jpg&variant=zh-hk

Are these Cultural Heritages? Why?

Former Star Ferry in CentralSource: Wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:HKstarferry.jpg&variant=zh-hk

Golden Bauhinia SquareSource: Widipedia

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Gold_bud_flag.JPG&variant=zh-hk

MTR

ConcourseSource: Widipedia

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:HongKongStationMTRConcourseNight.jpg&variant=zh-hk

Definition• cultural heritage refers to monuments,

groups of buildings, and sites with historical, aesthetic, archaeological, scientific, ethnological, or anthropological value.

• Natural heritage covers outstanding physical, biological and geological formations, habitats of threatened species and areas with scientific, conservation or aesthetic value.

• intangible cultural heritage means the “practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage.”

KunquSource: Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Warriormaiden.JPG

Where are they?

Great Wall, ChinaSource: Wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:GreatWall_2004_Summer_4.jpg&variant=zh-hk

Historic Centre of St. Petersburg and its

suburbs, Russia Source: Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia/wiki/Image:Sankt_Petersberg_Auferstehungskirche_2005_a.jpg

Easter Island, ChileSource: Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Moai_Rano_raraku.jpg

Taj Mahal, IndiaSource: Wikipedia

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg&variant=zh-hk

World Heritage • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultura

l Organization (UNESCO) adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972. This is to raise the awareness over the globe of the outstanding universal value of cultural and natural heritage, to recognize that they are a part of world heritage and to make sure they can be preserved.

• Until July 2007, 184 countries have already been registered as State Parties of this Convention and there are 851 cultural or natural heritage all over the world, which are included on the World Heritage List.

Types of World Heritage

• Cultural Heritage • Natural Heritage• Mixed Heritage

Cultural Heritage

Great Wall, ChinaSource: Wikipedia

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:GreatWall_2004_Summer_4.jpg&variant=zh-hk Old Town of Segovia and its aqueduct

Source: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AcueductoSegovia04.JPG

Natural Heritage

Goreme National Park and the Rock Sites of CappadociaSource: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:View_of_Cappadocia.jpg

Giant’s Causeway and Causeway Coast(Northern Ireland)Source: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Causeway-code_poet-4.jpg

Mixed Heritage

Giant Buddha Statue of Leshan, ChinaSource: Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Leshan_Buddha_Statue_View.JPG

Ayers Rock, Australia Source: Widipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Uluru_Panorama.jpg

World Heritage in China

• In the 29th World Heritage Committee Session held in July 2005, Macau Historical District was given the title of world cultural heritage. 31 places of China have already been listed as world heritage, which made China possess the third most world heritages in the world.

Historical monuments in Hong Kong • According to the Antiquities and

Monuments Ordinance, the Antiquities Authority (who is the Secretary for Development) may legally declare a place to be a protected monument. The Antiquities Authority is then empowered to prevent alterations, or to impose suitable conditions upon any proposed alterations to protect the monument. Until June 2007, there are a total of 82 declared monuments.

The Exterior of the Main Building, the University of Hong KongSource: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD St. John’s Cathedral

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

The Exterior of University Hall, the University of Hong KongSource: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

• Hong Kong also adopts a 3-grade system to keep a record of buildings with certain historical and archaeological values. This system is only an administrative measure without statutory power.

• Up to now, the Antiquities Advisory Board has already evaluated and graded over 550 historical buildings.

– Source: http://www.amo.gov.hk/form/historical.pdf

• Grade I ﹕Buildings of outstanding merit, which every effort should be made to preserve if possible.

Former Kowloon-Canton Railway Clock TowerSource: Wikipediahttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:TSTClockTower.jpg&variant=zh-hk

• Grade II﹕Buildings of special merit; efforts should be made to selectively preserve.

Kam Tong Hall, CentralSource: Wikipediahttp://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:HK_Castle_Road_KomTongHall_2006-12_front.JPG

Dragon Garden, Tsing Lung TauSource: http://www.dragongarden.hk

• Grade III ﹕Buildings of some merit, but not yet qualified for consideration as possible monuments. These are to be recorded and used as a pool for future selection.

Yau Ma Tei Police StationSource: Wikipedia

http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?tilte=Image:YauMaTeiPoliceStation_Front.JPG&variant=zh-hk

Central MarketSource: Wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Central_Market.jpg&variant=zh-hk

The importance of cultural heritage

• Historical and cultural value • Social value • Economic value • Sustainable development ﹕development

that “meets the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

The threats to cultural heritage • Natural disaster ﹕Changes of landsc

ape , natural disasters• Damage by people: wars and conflict

s• Over explored: big-scale infrastructur

e, misuse of land, excessive explored to tourism

Important Documents• In 1964, International Council on Mon

uments and Sites (ICOMOS) signed the Venice Charter

• Australia International Council on Monuments and Sites (Australia ICOMOS) published its Burra Charter in 1999.

What factors should be considered in monument

preservation? • Ecology• Cultural Inheritance • Economy • Collected Memories • Political and Social Development • Sustainable Development

What are the methods to protect the heritage?

• Protect• Restore• Rebuild• Use after revival

Protect

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Restore Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Use after revivalSource: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

RestoreSource: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

ProtectSource: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Use after revivalSource: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Use after revival

Source: Antiquities and Monuments Office, LCSD

Rebuild

Source: Wikipedia http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Murray_House.jpg&variant=zh-hk

Murray House, Stanley

What are the steps of conservation of the

heritage﹖ • Understanding the significance of the

heritage • Assessment • Formulating policy • Proposing future conservation plan a

nd implementation scheme • Long–term inspection and review