Cultural Awareness Project
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Transcript of Cultural Awareness Project
Cultural Awareness ProjectIdentify the cultural/ethnic/religious groups represented in your community. Research the following information concerning each of the groups identified:
major health concepts beliefs in the causes of illness types of traditional healers utilized methods of treatment response to pain beliefs and practices surrounding births beliefs and practices surrounding deaths healthcare beliefs special symbols, books, and religious practices
Present your findings to the class.
Culture
Definition: A set of __, __, __, __, __, __, __, __ of a group of peopleHow do we get them?
___, ____, ____
Constant change
EthnicityClassification of people based on their _ or _Examples:
AfricanAsianEuropean AmericanHispanic American Middle Eastern, Arabic AmericanNative American
Race
Classification of people based on their __ or __ characteristicsInvolves multiple cultures and ethnic groups
Cultural Diversity
Differences based on ____, ____, & ____Melting PotShould we consider it when providing healthcare? Holistic care?
Holistic Care
Should be developed to include the cultural diversity of America3 Aspects of Well-being:
1. 2. 3.
Examples: Chiropractic, acupuncture, meditation, natural diet & herbs
Areas of Cultural DiversityWhere does it come from?
Family OrganizationLanguagePersonal SpaceEye Contact GesturesHealthcare beliefsSpiritualityReligion
Impact belief about birth, death, health, illness and healthcare
Health
Varies Based on Cultural Background
World Health Organization
A state of complete __, __, and __ well-being, not merely the __ of disease
South African
Harmony with natureHarmony of mind, body, and spirit
Asian
Physical and spiritual harmony with natureBalance of yin and yang
European
Personal responsibility with diet, rest, exercise, and prevention
Hispanic
Good luckReward from GodBalance between hot and cold forces
Middle Eastern/Arabic
Spiritual CausesCleanliness
Healthful Hints from Long Ago
“A sassafras root carried in the pocket guards against illness.” (superstition of Old Saint Simons)“Asafetida worn on a string around the neck protects a child from many diseases, and a buckeye carried in the pocket protects against rheumatism.” (Blue Ridge and Great Smokey Mts.)
“ A single, pierced nutmeg, worn around the neck on a string, will protect you from boils, croup, body lice, and various lung diseases.” (New England)“A well-ventilated bedroom will prevent morning headaches and lassitude.” (1914 Almanac)
Illness
_____ functioning of a body’s system or systems___ vary based on cultural/ethnic background
South African
Spirits/demonsConflicts in lifeGod’s punishment
Asian
Imbalance of yin and yangSupernatural forcesUnhealthy environment
European
SinOutside sources: microorganisms, toxins
Hispanic
SinsFrightEvil EyeEnvyImbalance between hot and cold
Middle Eastern/Arab
SinsEvil EyeSpiritual causes
Native American
Supernatural forcesViolation of a tabooImbalance between man and nature
Folk Remedies
Beliefs and practices ethnically similarReligion plays a role in perception of, interpretation of, and behavior in health and illnessWomen are usually the prime caregiversCan create delay in seeking professional help
Preventions
Jewish: camphor around the neck in winter in a small cloth bag to prevent measles and scarlet feverBlack and Native Americans: blackstrap molassesBlack Africans (Ethiopia): eat hot & sour foods i.e. lemons, fresh garlic, pepper
Preventions
Germans: no sweets at meals, drink glass of water at meals, cod-liver oil, plenty of milk, spring tonic (sulfured molasses)Islam: dress properly for the season & weather, keep feet from getting wet in the rain
Preventions: Irish
Clean out bowels with senna for 8 daysSpring tonic of sulfured molassesOnions under the bed to keep nasal passages clearBag of camphor around the neck during flu season
Preventions: Irish
Never go to bed with wet hairDon’t look in the mirror at night & close closet doors (prevents evil spirits)Eat lots of oily foodTake Father John’s Medicine every so often
Preventions: Italian
Garlic cloves strung on a piece of string around neck of infants and children to prevent colds and “evil” staresRed ribbon around neck of infant does the same thingNever wash or bathe during period
Preventions: Italian
Never wash hair before going outdoors or at nightKeep a pair of open scissors under mattress of crib to prevent “evil” in newbornWrap a bandage around the baby from the waist to the feet for 1st 6 months to prevent bowlegs
Home Treatments: Jewish
Sore throat: find salted herring, wrap it in a towel, put it around the neck, let it stay there overnight, gargle with salt waterBoils: fry chopped onions, make a compress and apply to the infections
Home Treatments: Blacks/Native Americans
Bloody nose: place keys on chain around neckSore throat: suck yolks out of egg shell, honey and lemon, baking soda, salt , warm water, onions around the neck
Home Treatments: Black African
Evil Eye: put some kind of plant root on fire and make the man who has the evil eye smile and the man talks about his illness
Home Treatments: Germans
Coughs: honey & vinegar; boiled onion water, honey, & lemon; hot water & VicksSwollen glands/mumps: put pepper on salt pork and tie around the neckEarache: few drops of warm milk in the ear, laxatives when needed
Home Treatments: Germans
Sty: cold tea-leaf compressesFever: mix whiskey, water, & lemon juice to drink before bed (causes person to sweat and break fever)Constipation: Ivory soap suppositories
Home Treatments: Islam
Sore throat: gargle with vinegar and waterIndigestion: baking soda and waterSore muscles: alcohol and waterRashes: apply corn starch
Home Treatments: Irish
See doctor only in an emergencyEarache: heat salt, put in stocking behind earFever: spirits of niter on a dry sugar cubeColds: hot lemonade and a tablespoon of whiskey; egg whites; ipecac
Home Treatments: Irish
Coughs: linseed poultice on chest; flaxseed poultice on back; red flannel cloth soaked in hot water and placed on chest all nightMenstrual cramps: hot milk sprinkled with ginger, glass of warm wine, hot-water bottle on stomach
Home Treatments: Irish
Nausea: castor oil, hot ginger ale, cup of hot boiled waterSore throat: paint throat with iodine, honey and lemon, Karo syrup; paint with kerosene oil with rag then tie sock around the neck; paint with iodine or Mercurochrome and gargle with salt water, honey melted Vicks
Home Treatments: Italian
Chicken soup for everythingBoils: cooked oatmeal wrapped in a cloth (steaming hot) and applied to drain pusHeadache: kerchief with ice in it wrapped around the headCramps: crème de menthe
Home Treatments: Italian
Acne: apply baby’s urineTo build up blood: eggnog with brandy; Marsala wine and milkBackache: place a silver dollar on the sore area and light a match to it, while the match is burning put a glass over the silver dollar and slightly lift the glass, this causes suction which lifts the pain out
Healthcare Providers’ Culture
Cultural Diversity in Health and Illness, Second Edition, p.70
Beliefs
“Standardized definitions of health and illness“The omnipotence (unlimited power) of technology”
Practices
“The maintenance of health and the prevention of disease through such mechanisms as the avoidance of stress and the use of immunizations”“Annual physical examinations and diagnostic procedures such as Pap smears”
Habits
“Charting”“The constant use of jargon”“ Use of a systematic approach and problem-solving methodology”
Likes
“Promptness”“Neatness and organization”“Compliance”
Dislikes
“Tardiness”“Disorderliness and disorganization”
Customs
“Professional deference and adherence to the ‘pecking order’ found in autocratic and bureaucratic systems”
Customs
“Handwashing”
Customs
“Employment of certain procedures attending birth and death”
Rituals
“The physical examination”“The surgical procedure”“Limiting visitors and visiting hours”
Cultural Beliefs Concerning Epidemiology and Pain
Medical culture is in direct opposition sometimesBacteria/viruses/carcinogens/pollutants versus “soul loss”/”spirit possession”/voodoo/witchcraftFree, open expression of feelings versus never revealing true feelings
Examples of Cultural Clashes
“Mr. Smith in room 222 is the ideal patient. He never has a single complaint.”
Examples of Cultural Clashes
“Mrs. Cohen in room 223 is a real complainer. She is constantly asking for pain medication and putting on her light.”
Examples of Cultural Clashes
“Mr. Chen in room 225 says nothing. I often wonder what he is feeling.”
Healthcare Providers
Must change to accommodate other cultural beliefs and behaviors towards health and illness
Religion and Healing
Vital role in perception of health and illnessRites surrounding birth and deathDiet
Traditional Etiology: Evil Eye
Power of eye strikes victimInjury, illness, misfortune is suddenPerson with evil eye may not know itVictim may not know source of evilPrevented or cured by rituals/symbols, removal of spell or evil agentExplains sickness and misfortune
Traditional Methods of Prevention
Protective Objects
AmuletsBanglesTalismans
Protective Substances
GarlicOnionsChachayotel1000 year old eggsKosher foods
Protective Religious Practices
Social, moral, dietary practicesBurning candlesRituals of redemptionPrayer
Examples of Saints for Protection
Blessing of the Throats on St. Blaise DayVirgin of GuadalupeSt. Anthony of Padua: barren womenSt. Odilla: blindnessOur Lady of Lourdes: bodily ills
Beliefs Affecting Therapy
Use of healers with divine powersNatural products: herbs, berriesPurgativesBlood-lettingRemoval of person with evil eyeAvoidance of provocation of envy
Forms of Spiritual Healing
Spiritual healingInner healingPhysical healingDeliverance or exorcismAuric healingPilgrimages
Healthcare Providers Must Be Aware of the Multitude of Sources Outside of Mainstream Medicine!
Embrace Diversity in Medicine. Teach Tolerance to Healthcare Providers!