Cultural Aspect of Communication Asim

8/6/2019 Cultural Aspect of Communication Asim

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CULTURAL ASPECT OF COMMUNICATION


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Communication :Communication is aprocess of transferringinformation from oneentity to other. In other word it impart orinterchange thoughts,opinions, or

information by speech, writing, or signs.


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Culture:Culture is the complex system of values,traits, morals, and customs shared by thesociety

Intra or subculture:Residents of same country showing difference in culture.


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Intercultural CommunicationIntercultural CommunicationIntercultural communicationis the process of sending andreceiving messages betweenpeople whose culturalbackground leads them tointerpret verbal andnonverbal signs differently.


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UNDERSTAND ING THE IMPO RTAN CE OFCOMM UN ICAT ING A CR OSS THE CULTURE

G lobalization of market

Technological advancement

A multicultural workforce

G eneral global interconnectivity


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U nderstanding CultureH ow is culture like a computer program?

Society, gender, race, age, religion, and other factorscontrol our reactions and behavior.


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CHARA CTER IST ICS OF CULTURE:Culture is learned

Culture are inherently logical

Culture is the basic of self-identity and community

Culture combines the visible and invisible

Culture is dynamic


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Approaches to the study

of CultureHofstedes Cultural Typology

Culture A better indicator than Material & StructuralConditions of Cultural Attributes.

Constructs or Indices of Research P ower Distance Social Equality or vice a versa

Individualism Individual Responsibility v/s Integration

Masculinity - Emphasis on work goals, as opposed to personal

goals and nurturanceUncertainty Avoidance Openness or Resistance to Change

Confucian Dynamism P rofessional Hierarchy v/s Social

Obligations


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Symbols

Approaches to the study of Culture

Hofstedes Model

Heroes

Rituals

Values P ractices

Expressions of culture atdifferent levels of depth


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Power Distance

Individualism vscollectivism

Masculinity VsFemininity

UncertaintyavoidanceLong term

orientation

HofstedesCultural

Factors

High : Korea,

Japan, MexicoLow: India,Australia, US,Germany

High Individualism : US, Australia, Great Britain, Canada

Low Individualism: Japan, Venezuela, Thailand, Japan, Mexico, China

High : France,Japan, MexicoLow: India,Hong Kong, US,Great Britain

Long Term: HongKong, JapanShort Term: GreatBritain, US, Germany

Hofstedes Cultural Factors


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HOW TO IMPROVE

INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITYRE COGNIZ E CULTURA L DIFFERE NCES

Legal and EthicalLegal and EthicalLegal and EthicalLegal and Ethical

NonverbalNonverbalNonverbalNonverbal

ContextualContextualContextualContextual

SocialSocialSocialSocial


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EthnocentrismEthnocentrism

the tendency to judge all other groups accordingto your own

group s standards, behaviors, and customs. When makingsuch comparisons, people too often decide thattheir group

is superior.


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Overcome E thnocentrismOvercome E thnocentrismA cknowledge and accept distinctions.Don t ignore differences between another person sculture and your own.A void assumptions.Don t assume that others will act the same way youdo, that they will operate from the sameassumptions, or that they will use language andsymbols the same way you do.A void judgments. When people act differently, don t conclude that they are in error, that their way is invalid, or that theircustoms are inferior to your own .


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CONTEXTUAL D IFFEREN CECONTEXT: context refers to the stimuli, environment,or ambience surrounding an event. Communicators

low context culture like G ermany assume that listenersknow very little and must be told practically everything.In high context culture like Japan, the listener isalready contexed and does need to be given muchbackground information.


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Low Context High Contexty

Tends to prefer direct verbal interaction.y Tends to understand

meaning at one level only.y Is generally less proficient

in reading nonverbal cues.y Values individualism.y Relies more on logic.y Employs linear logic.y

Says no Directly.

y

Tends to prefer indirect verbal interaction.y Tends to understand

meaning embedded atmany socioculture levels.

y Is G enerally moreproficient in readingnonverbal cues.

y Values group membership.y Relies more on context

and feeling.y Employs spiral logic.


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SOCI

AL D

IFFEREN

CE

y ATTITUDE TOWARDSMATERIALISM

y ROLE AND STATUS

y USE OF MANNER

y CONCEPT OF TIME


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LEGAL AND ETH ICAL W H EN COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURE, KEEP YOUR MESSA G E ETH ICAL BY APPLYING FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES

y ACTIVLY SEEK MUTUALG ROUND

y SEND AND RECEIVE MESSA G ES WITH OUT JUDG MENT

y SEND MESSA G ES TH AT ARE H ONEST

y SH OE RESPECT FOR CULTURAL DIFFERENCES


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N ONVERBAL D IFFREN CES

P ersonalSpace

BodyLanguage


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INTERPERSONAL DISTANCE IN DIFFRENT CULTURES

Cultures have conventions for the appropriate distance apartfor two people to stand while conversing.

In White British culture the usual distance for conversationis approximately arm s length, 2-3 feet, and anyoneapproaching nearer may be seen as aggressive.

People from southern Europe, Turkey, Arabic countriesand Latin America expect to stand closer and may interpreta White British person s preferred distance as cold orarrogant.


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TOUCH IN DIFF ERE NT CULTURES

Each culture has clear rules about who may touch who indifferent circumstances.

In some cultures, touching in public is only acceptablebetween people of the same sex.In some cultures touching in public is only acceptablebetween people of opposite sexes.In some cultures high levels of touch are normal (e.g. Latin

American, southern European and Arab).In some cultures (e.g. Japan) public touching is extremely unusual.In White British culture, public touching is normally confinedto a greeting handshake, but touching as an expression of sympathy may be acceptable.


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Communicating A crossCommunicating A crossCulturesCultures

Prentice H all, 2005 Excellence in Business Communication Chapter 3 -21

Study OtherStudy OtherCulturesCultures

OvercomeOvercomeLanguage BarriersLanguage Barriers

Develop Skills inDevelop Skills inCommunicationCommunication

English as aEnglish as aSecond LanguageSecond Language

English as aEnglish as aSecond LanguageSecond Language

ForeignForeignLanguageLanguageForeignForeign

LanguageLanguageSpeaking SkillsSpeaking SkillsSpeaking SkillsSpeaking Skills

Writing SkillsWriting SkillsWriting SkillsWriting SkillsSocial CustomsSocial CustomsSocial CustomsSocial Customs

BusinessBusinessProtocolsProtocolsBusinessBusinessProtocolsProtocols


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S tudy Other CulturesS tudy Other Cultures

y A ss e iffere cesy a e res si ility y it l j e ty

res ecty at ize ( ersta )y lerate a i ity


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Assume differences until similarity is proved. Don t assumethat others are more similar to you than they actually are.Take responsibility for communication. Don t assume it s theother person s job to communicate with you. Withhold judgment. Learn to listen to the whole story and

accept differences in others without judging them.Show respect. Learn how respect is communicated in variouscultures (through gesture, eye contact, and so on).Empathize. Before sending a message, put yourself in the

receiver s shoes. Imagine the receiver s feelings and point of view.Tolerate ambiguity. Learn to control your frustration whenplaced in an unfamiliar or confusing situation.


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Foreign Language B arriersForeign Language B arriers

L earn Another L earn Another L anguageL anguageL earn Another L earn Another L anguageL anguage

Offer TrainingOffer TrainingIn foreign languageIn foreign language

Offer TrainingOffer TrainingIn foreign languageIn foreign language

Hire aHire aTranslator Translator Hire aHire aTranslator Translator

Use anUse anIntermediaryIntermediary

Use anUse anIntermediaryIntermediary


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W ritten CommunicationW ritten Communication When sending written communication to businesspeople fromanother culture, familiarize yourself with their writtencommunication preferences and adapt your approach, style, andtone to meet your audiences expectations. To help you prepareeffective written communications, follow theserecommendations:Use plain language: short, precise words that say exactly what you mean.

Be clear by using specific terms and concrete examples.A ddress international correspondence properly.Cite numbers carefully. Use figures (27) instead of spelling themout twenty-seven).


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W ritten CommunicationW ritten CommunicationA void slang, jargon, and.Be brief. Construct sentences that are shorterand simpler that you might use when writing tosomeone fluent in your own language.Use short paragraphs. E ach paragraph shouldstick to one topic and be no more than eight toten lines long.Use transitional elements. Help readers follow your train thought by using transitional wordsand phrases.


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Oral CommunicationOral Communication

M inimizeM inimizeNoiseNoise

ObtainObtainFeedbackFeedback

SpeakSpeakSlowlySlowly

ClarifyClarifyIntentIntent

Do NotDo NotTalk DownTalk Down

Use AccurateUse AccurateLanguageLanguage

When speaking inE

nglish (other language) to people who speak thatlanguage as a second


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Oral CommunicationOral CommunicationLearn commonLearn commonForeign P hrasesForeign P hrases

ListenListenCarefully &Carefully &

patientlypatiently

Adapt Adapt Your conversation Your conversationStyle to the otherStyle to the other

personperson

Check frequentlyCheck frequentlyforfor

UnderstandingUnderstanding

Clarify theClarify theNext StepNext Step

Watch BodyWatch BodyLanguageLanguage


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ContinUse simple English.

Encourage accurate feedback.

Accept blame.

Remember to smile.


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Country G ood Morning Please Thank you Yes NO G oodbye

B asic expressions in otherlanguages

Arabic saBA H al-khayr minFUDIak ShookRAAN NAA-Am LAA MAA-asalAAMuh

Spanish Buenos dias Con permiso G racias Si No Adios

G erman G uten morgen Bitte Danke ja Nein Auf wiedersehen

Italian Buon giorno per favore G razie Si No Arrivederia

Norwegian G od morgen Vaer sa snill Takk Ja Nei Adjo


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Cultural Awareness

Cultural LanguagesCultural

Technique

Cultural exposure

Cultural Flexibility

Cultural Sensitivity

Communication Skill

Effective Intercultural Communication


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Workforce diversity

Y ou must understand and accept the values of Differences


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Dimensions

R aceE thnicity A geR eligionGenderNational OriginPhysical ability


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Dividends of DiversityBenefits To:-

1.Consumers

2. Work Teams

3. Business Organizations


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ConsumersS pecialized goods and services.

Deals with companies respect their values.!

Different products for different people .


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Work TeamsM ore Creative.

E ffective.

Problem solving techniques .


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Business OrganizationsE mployee R elationship

Increase Productivity

Cooperative in nature


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Divisiveness of DiversityDiscontent

Clashes

Glass ceiling( invisible barrier of attitude,prejudice)


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Ways to improve communication amongDiverse workplace

S eek Training.

Understand the value of Difference.

Don t expect Conformity.

Build on similarity.


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M ake fewer assumptions.

Y ou have to learn to listen.

Learn about your culture self .


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