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Slide 2 Cultivating Empathy: The Latest Science and Practice October 20, 2012 Dacher Keltner University of California, Berkeley keltner@berkeley.edu Greatergood.berkeley.edu Slide 3 Empathy Empathy: Understanding how another feels or thinks Mimicry: Mirroring another persons behavior Slide 4 The Frontal Lobes and Executive Control Anatomy Patient work: Orbitofrontal Patients fMRI Work Emotion Regulation Empathy Emotions in Decision Making Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Our culture needs it Slide 9 Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, Salovey, Brackett) EQ > IQ Better predictor of success in work life Powerful predictor healthy relationships Predictor of adjustment in children Slide 10 Example of flirtation Attention getting phase Recognition phase Exploration phase Keeping time Slide 11 The nonverbal language Illustrators: Actions that dramatize speech Slide 12 The nonverbal language Regulators: Actions that govern communication Slide 13 The nonverbal language Self Adaptors: Nervous, random nonverbal actions Slide 14 The nonverbal language Emblems: Actions that directly translate to words Slide 15 The nonverbal language Facial Expression Slide 16 Darwins predictions Encoding: When feeling an emotion, we express the emotion with similar muscle movements in the face (and body) Decoding: We judge expressions in accurate and similar fashion across cultures Slide 17 The Universality of Expression (Ekman, 2004; Elfenbein et al. 2002) Slide 18 Slide 19 Slide 20 Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 Everyday reconciliation, forgiveness Embarrassment as appeasement device (Keltner & Buswell, 1997) The display resembles mammalian appeasement displays Expose vulnerable region Gaze aversioncut off behavior Awkward smilefear grimace in nonhuman primates Defensive face touch Coughillness Embarrassment display prompts forgiveness punished less Liked more Forgiven People with little embarrassment, Break rules: OFC patients, sociopaths Slide 31 Slide 32 Pride (Tracy, Robins, Matsumotion) Universal display Primates show similar postural expansion Shown by blind and victorious olympic athletes Stronger display by those in West Slide 33 Slide 34 Slide 35 Slide 36 Slide 37 Slide 38 Slide 39 Slide 40 Slide 41 Affiliation CuesSexual Cues Contr. for Sexual CuesContr. for Affiliation Cues __________________________________________________ Oxytocin Reactivity.50**.11 Oxytocin Recovery.15.12 __________________________________________________ Slide 42 Slide 43 Emotion conveyed in vocal bursts (Simon-Thomas et al., 2009, Emotion) Slide 44 Slide 45 Functions of Touch Reward Built Trust, Reciprocity Signal Safety Soothe Slide 46 Touch and the spread of goodness Slide 47 Cultivating empathy Training the eye and ear Ekman: METT, SETT Brackett: RULER program in schools Greater Good Science Center Slide 48 Cultivating empathy Empathetic communication (Rosenberg, Gottman) I statements The power of the question rather than assertion Slide 49 Other tools The arts Mindfulness training (Kabat-Zinn) If all else fails, oxytocin Slide 50 Be part of the empathy revolution TEDx June 11, 2011: http://tedxgoldengateed.org/ http://tedxgoldengateed.org/ A compassion curriculum Greatergood.berkeley.edu Emotionmaster.com