CUBISM

THE FIRST FORM OF ABSTRACT ART PICASSO AND BRAQUE WITH INFLUENCES FROM CÉZANNE

INFLUENCES ON CUBISM

• Paul Cézanne changed styles and habits

• Variations of tone and color

• Geometric shapes: cylinder, sphere, cone

• Varied approach while revisiting subjects

• “My one and only master… Cézanne was like the father of us all”. -Pablo Picasso

Montagne Sainte-Victoire - Paul Cezanne - 1904–06

INFLUENCES ON CUBISM

• African art has influenced many art movements

• Motivated artists to create their own interpretations of what they saw

• Themes adapted from African art

• Distorted African masks influenced the earliest cubist paintings.

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon – Pablo Picasso – 1907

Fang Mask 56 – the Fang tribe

INTRODUCTION TO CUBISM

Cubism is a form of abstract art which emphasizes the two-dimensionality of the canvas.

Characteristics:• Objects are shown

from multiple perspectives at once.

• Everything is portrayed with geometric shapes.

• It portrayed a “new way of seeing,” which infused observations and memories into paintings.

The Guitar Player – Pablo Picasso – 1910

CUBISM-PhasesCUBISM-Phases

EARLY CUBISM

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon – Pablo Picasso – 1907

Viaduct at L'Estaque – Georges Braque – 1908

ANALYTICAL CUBISM(Or, that period of cubism where it’s really hard to tell what anything is, and who the artist is.)

Characteristics of Analytical Cubism:•Objects are “analyzed” from many perspectives.•Artist incorporates many (if not all) of these perspectives in the painting itself.•The painting, instead of directly showing the subject, “evokes a sense of the subject.”

Fruit Dish, Ace of Clubs

– Georges Braque -

1913

Still Life With a Violin – Georges Braque –

1912

The Guitar Player –

Pablo Picasso –

1910

Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler – Pablo Picasso –

1910

GUESS THE ARTIST!

GUESS THE ARTIST!

Violin and Jug – Georges Braque – 1910Ma Jolie – Pablo Picasso – 1911

SYNTHETIC CUBISM(or, yay! I can actually tell what I’m looking at in this painting!)

Characteristics of Synthetic Cubism:•Objects are still drawn from multiple perspectives, BUT…•They are more discernable,•And they are more colorful.

Black Fish – Georges Braque – 1942

Le Jour – Georges Braque – 1929

Three Musicians – Pablo Picasso – 1921

Still Life With Mandolin and Guitar – Pablo Picasso - 1924

OTHER NOTABLES

• Juan Gris is considered the “Third Musketeer” of Cubism

• Fernand Léger painted World War II inspired Cubist paintings, which created social commentary of the time he lived in

• Robert Delaunay spun off of Cubism with “orphism,” which is just cubism with more circles

• Marcel Duchamp didn’t always paint, but when he did, he painted cubism.

Guitar and Clarinet – Juan Gris – 1920

Soldiers Playing Cards – Fernand Léger – 1917

Homage to Bleriot – Robert Delaunay – 1914

Nude Descending a Staircase – Marcel Duchamp – 1912

CUBISMCUBISM-period-period

CUBISMCUBISM-early years-early yearsEarly YearsEarly Years

Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain.in Malaga, Spain.

Picasso’s father José Ruiz y Blasco was also a Picasso’s father José Ruiz y Blasco was also a painter himself. He taught him the basics of painter himself. He taught him the basics of formal and academic art training.formal and academic art training.

Picasso attended many art schools during his Picasso attended many art schools during his childhood. He never finished his studies at childhood. He never finished his studies at the Academy of Arts in Madrid, dropping out the Academy of Arts in Madrid, dropping out after only a year.after only a year.

CUBISMCUBISM-blue period-blue period

The Blue The Blue PeriodPeriod

1901 - 19041901 - 1904

CUBISMCUBISM-blue period-blue period* Characterized by a * Characterized by a predominantly blue palette and predominantly blue palette and subjects focusing on outcasts, subjects focusing on outcasts, beggars, etc.beggars, etc.

•This particular pigment is This particular pigment is effective in conveying a somber effective in conveying a somber tone.tone.

•Blindness is a common theme in Blindness is a common theme in the blue periodthe blue period

* The psychological trigger for * The psychological trigger for these depressing paintings was these depressing paintings was the suicide of Picasso's friend the suicide of Picasso's friend Casagemas. Casagemas.

CUBISM-blue periodCUBISM-blue period

The composition The composition is is

•stilted, stilted, •the space the space compressedcompressed•the gestures stiffthe gestures stiff•and the tones and the tones predominantly predominantly blueblue

CUBISM-blue periodCUBISM-blue period

The Blind Man's Meal (1903)The Blind Man's Meal (1903) Woman with A crowWoman with A crow (1903)(1903)Toledo Museum of ArtToledo Museum of Art

CUBISMCUBISM-rose period-rose period

The Rose The Rose PeriodPeriod

1905 - 19061905 - 1906

CUBISMCUBISM-rose period-rose periodPicasso's palette brightened, the Picasso's palette brightened, the paintings dominated by pinks paintings dominated by pinks and beiges, light blues, and and beiges, light blues, and roses.roses.

His subjects are saltimbanques His subjects are saltimbanques (circus people), harlequins, and (circus people), harlequins, and clowns, all of whom seem to be clowns, all of whom seem to be mute and strangely inactive.mute and strangely inactive.

The generally upbeat and The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the this period is reminiscent of the 1899–1901 period.1899–1901 period.

CUBISM-rose periodCUBISM-rose period

Family of Saltimbanques (1905)Family of Saltimbanques (1905) Boy with a PipeBoy with a Pipe

CUBISMCUBISM

Sculptor PicassoSculptor Picasso

Picasso explored other artistic styles to Picasso explored other artistic styles to express himself, including sculpture. express himself, including sculpture.

Mandolin and Clarinet and Chicago Mandolin and Clarinet and Chicago Picasso are two examples of cubist Picasso are two examples of cubist sculpture.sculpture.

CUBISM-SculpturesCUBISM-Sculptures

CUBISMCUBISM

Mandolin and ClarinetMandolin and Clarinet