Cubism

Laura Neumann, Bridget Alaniva,

and Libby Gamble

Scientific Advances

• Theory of the atom introduced by Albert Einstein, Max Planck, Neils Bohr

• Einstein's Theory of Relativity• Bohr’s Quantum Theory • As a result, all of the old theories of space,

matter and time were shattered

Technological Advances

• Inventions such as…-Cinematography

-Photography

-Sound recording

Technological Advances

-Telephone

-Airplane

Technological Advances

Painting V. Photography

“Cubism is like standing at a certain point on a mountain and looking around. If you go higher, things will look different; if you go lower again they will look different. It is a point of view.”

- Jacques Lapchitz

How Cubism got it’s name

• French art critic Louis Vauxcelles said that geometric shapes in Braque's piece “House at L’ Estaque” looked like cubes.

Multiple view points

Kitties!

Cubist Kitty

African Sculpture Influence

African Masks Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

Cezanne Influence

“Everything in nature takes its form from the sphere, the cone, and the cylinder.”- Cezanne

-Cezanne focused on the colors and the shapes that stood out in nature

Picasso & Léger

• Pablo Picasso •1881 – 1973• Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramist, and stage designer• Died at the age of 91• Cofounder of Cubism

•Fernand Léger •1881 – 1955• French painter, sculptor, filmmaker, designed mosaics• Involved in Cubism, Tubism, and Modernism• Used mechanical forms

Child Holding a Dove – Picasso 1901

Family of Saltimbanques – Picasso 1905

Braque & Gris

Georges Braque (1882-1963) Joan Gris (1887-1927)

View from the Hotel Mistral, L’ EstaqueBraque 1907

Grand NuBraque 1908

The Bowl of GrapesBraque 1926

Analytical Cubism 1909-1912

• More intellectual stage of cubism• Cubist painters broke down the surface of

objects into basic geometrical shapes• Monochromatic (greys, blacks, browns)• Used planes, facets, and angles to create

multiple perspectives

3 principals of facets

• Painted on a slight angle, vertical to canvas surface

• Overlap and cast shadows over each other• Edges dissolve, allowed facets to leak into

each other (influenced by Cezanne)

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon – Picasso 1914

Three Women – Picasso 1907-1908

Woman’s Head (Fernande) – Picasso 1909

Le Compotier Sur la Table – Léger 1909

Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler – Picasso 1910

Seated Nude – Picasso 1909-1910

Nudes in the Forest – Léger 1909-1911

Portrait of Chess Players – Duchamp 1911

Bride – Duchamp 1912

Still Life – Picasso 1912

Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2 – Duchamp 1912

Violin and Grapes – Picasso 1912

Woman in Blue – Léger 1912

Road Near L’ EstaqueBraque 1908

Violin and CandlestickBraque 1910

Man with GuitarBraque 1911-12

Glass on TableBraque 1909

Bottle and FishesBraque 1910

Clarinet and Bottle of Rum on MantlepieceBraque 1911

Houses at L’ EstaqueBraque 1908

Le Portugais (The Emigrant)Braque 1911-12

Violin and PalatteBraque 1909

Still Life with FlowersGris 1912

Houses In ParisGris 1911

Still Life with Musical InstrumentsBraque 1908

MandoraBraque 1909-1910

The Church of Carriéres - Saint DenisBraque (1909)

Piano and MandolaBraque 1909-1910

Orphism 1910-1913

• Also called orphic cubism• Short-lived movement• Type of colorful abstract art• Founded by Robert Delaunay in response to

monochromatic style of Analytic Cubism• Used overlapping planes of contrasting colors(Law of Simultaneous Contrast of Colors)

Orphism

• Felt color was aesthetically powerful, and could show movement

• Used recognizable subject matter• Relied on color to show meaning• End before WWI

Orphist paintingsSimultaneous Contrast: Sun and Moon by Robert Delaunay Rhythm by Robert Delaunay

Contrast of Forms – Léger 1913

Synthetic Cubism 1912-1914

• 2nd stage • Wide variety of color• Papier Colle introduced-Pieces of newspaper, cloth and other materials• Mixed sand and sawdust into paint to give it

texture• Image was built up from new elements and

shapes

Still Life with Playing Cards – Picasso 1913

The Card Players – Léger 1917

Harlequin – Picasso 1918

Guitar – Picasso 1920

Le Petit Déjeuner (Breakfast) – Léger 1920

Three Woman at the Spring – Picasso 1921

Three Musicians – Picasso 1921

Le grand Déjeuner – Léger 1921

Nude on a Red Background – Léger 1927

The weeping Woman – Picasso 1937

Guernica – Picasso 1937

Bull – Picasso 1946

Las Meninas – Diego Velazquez 1656 Las Meninas – Picasso 1957

Portrait of Jorge Manuel – El Greco 1595-1600 Portrait of a Painter – Picasso 1950

Woman with GuitarBraque 1913

The Clarinet (Tenoroa)Braque 1913

Still Life with Open Window; Rue RavignanGris 1915

The Round TableBraque 1929

Glasses, Newspaper, and a Bottle of WineGris 1913

Bottle of Rum and NewspaperGris 1914

Analytic v. SyntheticAnalytic• 1st stage• Monochromatic• “analyzed” subject, broke

down into fragments and re-assembled them

Synthetic• 2nd stage• Variety of color• Papier Colle introduced• Image built up from new

elements

Beyond 1914

• Many other artists took up the cubist movement

• Led to new art movements like abstract expressionism and surrealism

• Influenced sculpture, architecture, and literature

• Movement peaked in 1915’s and by 1920’s severed off into several different movements

Summary

• Picasso & Braque pioneers of movement• Broke down images into geometric shapes• 2 major phases-Analytic (monochromatic)-Synthetic(colorful & papier colle)- First abstract form of art

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