I ti A t M tInnovative Art Movements:

Cubism Dada and Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism

Reference: ART, First American Edition, 2008; published by Dorling Kindersley (DK) Limited.

Drawing I – Course 0104340 Instructor: Dr. Brown

Objectives:

St d t ill b bl t th f ll i ti l tiStudents will be able to answer the following essential questions:

• Why did the CUBISM ART MOVEMENT begin?

• How is creating art in the “CUBISM” style is different from creating “OBSERVATIONAL” art?

• What ELEMENTS OF ART are emphasized in CUBISM?

CUBISM

C bi B th b i i f th th t E ’ t Cubism 1907-1920s

By the beginning of the 20th century, Europe’s most advanced artists were becoming less concerned with creating an illusion of realism in their work, and more concerned about concentrating on the analyst of forms concerned about concentrating on the analyst of forms, color, and line.

CUBISM i th ti f t th t d i t bj t • CUBISM is the creation of art that depicts objects as an artist KNOWS them, not as he SEES them. This art shows all sides of an object at once. To do this, artists combined fragments of different points of view into a combined fragments of different points of view into a single image; OVERLAPPING lines; making objects appear TRANSLUCENT; INTERSECTING lines and creating RANDOM ANGLES.creating RANDOM ANGLES.

P bl Pi d G B b th i i t fPablo Picasso and Georges Braque became the originators of a new art movement, called “Cubism”, that was influenced by African art.

S i h A i

In the period between 1907 and 1909, sometimes called the “Negro

Spanish Artist, Pablo Picasso

Mask” period, Picasso and Braque defied Western traditions of beauty by representing the subject in terms of block-like forms. This is what gave rise to the name “Cubist”.

G B b ll b ti ith Pi thiGeorge Braque began collaborating with Picasso on this new approach to painting, which was based on collapsing perspective into overlapping planes

They played with ideas of illusion to trick the eye, by introducingintroducing lettering, paint thickening, and paper collage.

In 1914, Picasso’s paintings became more colorful and exuberant. Cubism became a license for freedom rather than a restraining discipline.

Some Cubist, including Braque, found Picasso’s laterPicasso s later work hard to follow.

By the end ofBy the end of World War I, there was wide-spread reaction to Cubism, calledto Cubism, called the “Return to Order”, but Cubism had already left its a eady e smark on the Art world.

When we draw observational art, we draw what we

Simplified Explanation of Cubism:

we draw what we see.

When we created our 3-D Compositions, we drew solid pforms, like this rectangular prism. We drew the forms as we would see them, if they were sitting in front of us.

Cubist draw what isCubist draw what is KNOWN, by making forms and shapes t ttransparent.

These artists also use overlapping and intersecting lines, producing random angles in works of art to better emphasize li h d lline, shape, and color.

In this portrait line drawing, the facial features are drawn as we

i ht SEE thmight SEE them.

In the drawing below, the facial features include

Owhat is KNOWN: that we have two ears, two eyes and two nostrils.

In Cubism, PROPORTION is changed by changing the PERSPECTIVE fPERSPECTIVE from what we SEE to what we KNOW exist.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

•Why did the CUBISM ART MOVEMENT begin?

•How is creating art in the “CUBISM” style different from creating “OBSERVATIONAL”different from creating OBSERVATIONAL art?

•What ELEMENTS OF ART are emphasized in CUBISM?

St d Th F ll i I f C bi ti A tStudy The Following Images of Cubistic Art.

Choose One or Two That May Influence Your yOwn Composition.

AFTERWARDS, IN YOUR SKETCH BOOK, IF , ,TIME PERMITS, BEGIN PLANNING YOUR PRIMARY FORMS AND SHAPES FOR YOUR CUBISM COMPOSITONCUBISM COMPOSITON.

PRACTICE IN YOUR SKETCH BOOKS B ENDING CO ORS USING THE OI PASTEBLENDING COLORS USING THE OIL PASTEL CRAYONS ON YOUR TABLES.

VOCABULARY REVIEW

CUBISM the creation of art that depicts objects as an artist knows them, not as he sees them. This art shows all sides of an object at once. To do this, artists combined fragments ofobject at once. To do this, artists combined fragments of different points of view into a single image;

OVERLAPPING lines and GEOMETRIC FORMS and SHAPES; making objects appear TRANSLUCENT; INTERSECTING lines and creating RANDOM ANGLES.

TRANSLUCENT clear; transparent: easily seen through

DADA AND SURREALISM

M th i t t D d j t d t bli h dMore than any previous art movement, Dada rejected established institutions. This movement grew from the discontent of the “Great War”, World War I.

Artist:Marcel Duchamp

Dada challenged the rules of art, everyday objects as art, political collage, the use of chance, and playful metaphysics –all these t h i i d th ttechniques energized the movement.

H A l k J A l di ti i t i

Artist:Hans Arp

Hans Arp, also known as Jean Arp, was a leading participant in the Dada movement in 1916. Arp created forms that are freely drawn to echo nature and its processes.

Hans Arp

Th D d t d th d f th S liThe Dada movement opened the door for the Surrealism movement. Surrealism was

started in Paris by the poet and critic Andre Breton.

Influenced byInfluenced by Sigmund Freud’s work in psychology and d d bdreams and by the political writings of Karl Marx.Marx.

Although there was no single style of Surrealists there are twoAlthough, there was no single style of Surrealists, there are two dominant strands; dreamlike paintings and those using free association, which the Surrealist called automatism.

These artists sometimes incorporated photography in their work in order to link the real and surreal by manipulating photographic techniquestechniques.

Surrealism has had a lasting impact on visual art, advertising, films, literature, digital media, CD/DVD Covers, and gaming, to such an extent that the word “surreal” has come to mean

thi f t ti d likanything fantastic or dreamlike.

MoviesAd ti iAdvertising

CD Covers

Study The Following SurrealStudy The Following Surreal Images.

Choose One or Two That May Influence Your Own CompositionInfluence Your Own Composition To Be Completed In Class.

Discussion and Vocabulary

In at least one paragraph, answer the following questions in complete sentences:

•Which culture impacted the cubism movement?

•What events in history influenced the Dada and Surrealistic movements in both Europe and America?

•Describe the lasting impact of surrealism on society today.