CUBISMModern Art movement

What is Cubism? Cubism is the most radical, innovative, and influential ism of twentieth-century art. It is complete denial of Classical conception of beauty.Cubism itself follows Paul Cezanne statement that "Everything in nature takes its form from the sphere, the cone, and the cylinder." in which these 3 shapes are used to depict the object of the painting.

Cubism

In Cubism, objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form, instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context.

Forms are abstracted by using an analytical approach to the object and painting the basic geometric solid of the object.

Cubism

Often the surfaces intersect at seemingly random angles, removing a coherent sense of depth. The background and object planes interpenetrate one another to create the shallow ambiguous space, one of cubism's distinct characteristics.

CUBISM

 Cubism was the joint invention of two men, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. It revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture.

This began in the city of Paris between the years 1907-1914.

CUBISM

The startingpoint of cubism began from the later paintings of Paul Cézanne,which were common interestsof both Picassoand Braque.Paul Cézanne; “Bibemus Quarry” 1895

Why Cubism Was Formed

Cubism was the first style of abstract art, which was an attempt by artists to revitalize the tired traditions of Western art, challenging conventional forms of representation, such as perspective, which had been the rule since the Renaissance.

Their aim was to develop a new way of seeing which reflected the modern age, which came with unprecedented speed.

Rejecting the inherited concept that art should copy nature, they wanted instead to emphasize the two-dimensionality of the canvas, reducing and fracturing objects into geometric forms, and then realigning these within a shallow, relief-like space.

They sought after a more radical approach at this time to reflect the modernity of the era, or “a new way of seeing”, which was Cubism.

Types of Cubism:

Analytical Cubism Synthetic Cubism

Analytical Cubism (1907-1912)

This type of cubism is hard to interpret and is very ambiguous.

Analytic cubism was mainly practiced by Braque, and is very simple, with dark, almost monochromatic colours.

"analyzed“ cubism is natural forms that are reduced into basic geometric parts on a two-dimensional picture plane.

focused on forms like the cylinder, sphere and the cone to represent the natural world.

Braque’s “Violin and Pitcher” reflects on how intellectual cubism is. The violin is easy to see, while the pitcher is less obvious, but still easily spotted a little above and to the left of the violin.

Georges Braque’s “Violin and Pitcher” 1910

Studying the bottom two-thirds of the canvas, your eye moves around the violin and the pitcher, seeing depth and distance and space–an odd, faceted space, but space nonetheless that you could, presumably, stick your arm into. You imagine you could reach behind the violin or between it and the pitcher. It’s puzzling, because it’s not clear if the violin is in front of the pitcher or vice versa, and the two seem to switch places as you look between them, but you are certain the pitcher is round and the neck of the violin is standing free.

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, Pablo Picasso, 1907

Portrait of Ambroise Vollard Pablo Picasso (1910)

They also show similarities to one another.

Analytical Cubism shares many of the same colors.

Synthetic Cubism (1912-1919)

Synthetic cubism was much more energetic, and often made use of collage including the use of several two-dimensional materials.

This type of cubism was developed by Picasso.

Synthetic Cubism grew out of Analytical Cubism and the experimental nature of collage.

It is also more decorative and appealing and somewhat easier to interpret.

Woman in an ArmchairPablo Picasso (1913)

Three Musicians PaintingPablo Picasso (1921)

The colors used in synthetic cubism is much different than analytical because it is more brighter.

Synthetic Cubism grew out of Analytical Cubism and the experimental nature of Collage. Synthetic Cubism developed through a construction process rather than the analytical process and deconstruction of Analytical Cubism. It is also more decorative and appealing and somewhat easier to interpret.

Cubism

Georges Braque Pablo Picasso

Points of View

CUBISM is an overwhelmingly intellectual art.

It’s certainly not an art overly concerned with beauty or pleasure or aesthetics as we traditionally understand them.

The Renaissance said that a painting provides a glimpse into a three-dimensional world, looking through a frame as if through a window, but Braque and Picasso said no, a painting is pigment on canvas. There is no other world.

only a flat surface contrived by the artist to give the illusion of space and depth.

artist is under no obligation to make the world of canvas resemble

our world–he or she can take apart the world and reassemble it anyway he or she likes.

Pablo Picasso (1881- 1973)

Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer, one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century.

He is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore.

Famous Works:Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon, and originally titled The Brothel of Avignon)

A large oil painting of 1907 by the Spanish artist Picasso. The work portrays five nude female prostitutes from a brothel on Carrer d'Avinyó (Avinyó Street) in Barcelona.

Each figure is depicted in a disconcerting confrontational manner and none are conventionally feminine. The women appear as slightly menacing and rendered with angular and disjointed body shapes.

Two are shown with African mask-like faces and three more with faces in the Iberian style of Picasso's native Spain, giving them a savage aura.

Guernica

It was created in response to the bombing of Guernica, Basque Country, by German and Italian warplanes at the behest of the Spanish Nationalist forces, on 26 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Republican government commissioned Picasso to create a large mural for the Spanish display at the Paris International Exposition at the 1937 World's Fair in Paris.

Georges Braque (1882-1963)

Braque was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who,

along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art style known as Cubism.

Braque's paintings of 1908–1913 reflected his new interest in geometry and simultaneous perspective.

He conducted an intense study of the effects of light and perspective and the technical means that painters use to represent these effects, seeming to question the most standard of artistic conventions.

Famous Works:

Georges Braque. House at L'estaque. 1908

Oil on CanvasKunst  Museum, Berne

In his village scenes, Braque frequently reduced an architectural structure to a geometric form approximating a cube, yet rendered its shading so that it looked both flat and three-dimensional by fragmenting the image. He showed this in the painting "House at L'estaque".

The Violin and the PaletteGeorge Braque (1909)

Braque, Georges (1882-1963)Violin and Candlestick. 1910

Other Artists of Cubism:

Juan Gris Robert Delaunay Albert Gleizes Fernand Legar Jean Metzinger Romare Bearden

Juan Gris

Violin and GlassJuan Gris (1915), an example

of Synthetic Cubism

José Victoriano González-Pérez (March 23, 1887 – May 11, 1927), better known as Juan Gris, was a Spanish painter and sculptor who lived and worked in France most of his life. His works, which are closely connected to the emergence of an innovative artistic genre—Cubism—are among the movement's most distinctive.

Comparison of 2 types of Cubism