CTU Clean Technology Universe AG Scrubber systems Scrubbing Syste… · CTU Clean Technology...
Transcript of CTU Clean Technology Universe AG Scrubber systems Scrubbing Syste… · CTU Clean Technology...
CTU Clean Technology Universe AG
Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
CTU Clean Technology Universe AG
Scrubber systems
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
EMISSIONS (2000/76/EC)EMISSIONS (2000/76/EC)
Emissions: Dust 10 mg/Nm3
(daily average) VOC‘s (C) 10 mg/Nm3
HCl 10 mg/Nm3
HF 1 mg/Nm3
SO2 50 mg/Nm3
NOx (NO2 ) 200 mg/Nm3
Heavy metals: Cd,Tl 50 μg/Nm3 total Hg 50 μg/Nm3
Sb,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,V500 μg/Nm3 total
Dioxins and furans: 0.1 ng/Nm3 (TE)
plus halogens (Cl2 , Br2 , I2 ) and NH3 heat recovery
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Particulate Removal Particulate Removal (dust, aerosols, heavy met.)(dust, aerosols, heavy met.)
• Low dust load:⇒
(venturi) scrubber, ring jet
• High dust load, insoluble dust:⇒
ESP (ElectroStatic Precipitator)⇒
Fabric/bag filter
• High dust load, salts, aerosols:⇒
(venturi) scrubber, ring jet⇒
WESP (Wet ESP)⇒
Aerosol filter
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Wet Scrubbing (HCl, HF, SOx, Hg)Wet Scrubbing (HCl, HF, SOx, Hg)
• Quenching– With or without dust removal– Materials temperature and corrosivity
• Co-current vs. counter-current– Efficiency– Space
• Trays vs. random vs. structured packing– Absorption efficiency (NTSM)– Pressure drop– Partial load behavior– Plugging risk
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
QuenchingQuenching
Transition from hot and dry to cold and wet !
Advantages CTU system:• clear separation of MOC‘s• large liquid hold-up: inherent safety• gravity flow emergency water system• low pressure liquid pumps• no spray nozzles
– less plugging risk– less wear, less maintenance– less mist formation
but:• somewhat higher gas pressure drop
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
CoCo--current scrubbingcurrent scrubbing
HCl removal !
Advantages CTU system:• high efficiency packing• uniform flue gas temperature• high acid gas removal• low pressure drop• no spray nozzles, ideally wetted packing
– less plugging risk– less wear, less maintenance– less mist formation
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
CounterCounter--current scrubbingcurrent scrubbingSO2 and trace HCl removal !
Advantages CTU system:• high efficiency packing• lowest emission levels achievable• Stoichiometric chemical consumption• one to multi-stage arrangements• low pressure drop• no spray nozzles, ideally wetted packing
– less plugging risk– less wear, less maintenance– less mist formation
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Low aerosol formation (example GEKAL)Low aerosol formation (example GEKAL)
• 2 lines of 75‘000 Nm3/h• Performance SO2
before: 98 % after: >99 %
• Performance SO3 (aerosols) before: 38 % after: 88 %
+0.00
+3.200
+1.60
+4.830
(bestehend gummiert)Achse Rohrstrebe Ø48,3x4
+5.735
+6.830
DN 150
N4
N13
N6
N10/11/12/14/15
DN 200
Trennhöhe
+3.322OK-Pratzen
Stutzenachse
Niederhalterost
Tragrost H=38mm
H=40mmMasche: 550x370mmMaterial: PP
Siehe Detail
• Modification of existing scrubbers (type Babcock, empty column with venturi type inlet, spray nozzles)
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Plume PreventionPlume Prevention
• Requirements– % time without plume
• Ambient conditions– temperature– humidity
• Flue gas conditions– temperature
humidity (Ts)(to be influenced in scrubber)
Plume zone No plume zone
zone change
No plume
plume
almost plume
very short plume
Ambient temperature [°C]
r.h.[ %]
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
HCl Recovery from Waste IncinerationHCl Recovery from Waste Incineration
HCl Product
• Typical concentrations from HCl absorption:– Without boiler/ cooling: 15-20 wt% HCl– With boiler/ without cooling: 20-25 wt% HCl– With boiler/ with cooling: 25-30 wt% HCl
Water and HCl concentration in flue gasWater balance (including HCl distillation unit)
• HCl distillation:– Any concentration achievable 30...100 wt% HCl– Azeotropic solution: use or recycle to absorption– HCl Solution or HCl gas (at pressure 4-6 bara)– HCl quality sufficient for virtually all applications
• HCl recovery efficiency: up to 97-99%
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Troubles with Mr. DeaconTroubles with Mr. Deacon
Deacon- Equilibrium:
2HX (g) + 0.5O2HX (g) + 0.5O2 2 (g) = X(g) = X2 2 (g) + H(g) + H22 O (g)O (g)
Whereas: X = F (Mm 19.0) (+2.9 V)Cl (Mm 35.5) (+1.4 V)Br (Mm 79.9) (+1.1 V)I (Mm 126.9) (+0.5 V)
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Deacon equilibrium Deacon equilibrium -- ChlorineChlorine
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
Temperature [°C]
Perc
ent o
f Chl
orin
e in
ele
men
tal f
orm
1000 mg/Nm3
10'000 mg/Nm3
100'000 mg/Nm3
Parameter:Total Chlorine Content
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Deacon equilibrium Deacon equilibrium -- BromineBromine
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
Temperature [°C]
Perc
ent o
f Bro
min
e in
ele
men
tal f
orm
10 mg/Nm3
100 mg/Nm3
1000 mg/Nm3
10'000 mg/Nm3
Parameter:Total Bromine Content
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Deacon equilibrium Deacon equilibrium -- IodineIodine
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
Temperature [°C]
Perc
ent o
f Iod
ine
in e
lem
enta
l for
m
10 mg/Nm3
100 mg/Nm3
1000 mg/Nm3
Parameter:Total Iodine Content
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Relevant Parameters for Deacon Relevant Parameters for Deacon
• Temperature
• Concentrations of:
– Halogen equilibrium --> elemental form
– O2 equilibrium --> elemental form
– H2 O equilibrium --> hydrogenated form
• Kinetics (from which side equilibrium is approached, how far is it reached)
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Comparison Comparison ClCl -- Br Br -- II
Total amount of halogen required for a level of approx. 500 mg/Nm3 of elemental halogen in the flue gas
80'000
4'000600
010'00020'00030'00040'00050'00060'00070'00080'00090'000
100'000
Cl Br I
Total halogen [mg/Nm3]
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Conclusions for incinerationConclusions for incineration
• Determine amount of Halogen relevant for Deacon: – Halogenated organics vs. salts, stability of salts
• Determine combustion parameters– Temperature, Oxygen, Water
• Determine possible amount of elemental Halogen– Deacon, kinetics, safety margins, additives
• Design plant accordingly– Corrosion, elemental halogen removal
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
HalogenideHalogenide scrubbingscrubbing
• (Semi-) dry process ?
• 1, 2, 3, multi-stage ?
⇒
other requirements ?⇒
limited efficiency !
⇒
acid recovery ?⇒
neutralisation ?⇒
halogen scrubbing ?
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Halogen scrubbingHalogen scrubbing
• Absorption• Hydrolysis (example Cl):
ClCl 22 + H+ H 22 O O = = HOClHOCl + H+ H++ + + ClCl--
• Reduction to Halogenide: NaHSONaHSO 33 + + NaOClNaOCl + + NaOHNaOH = Na= Na 22 SO4 + SO4 + NaClNaCl + H+ H 22 OO
⇒
Solubuility⇒
Sensitivity to pH
⇒
Reducing agent example: - Sodumbisulphite - Chlorine
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Conclusions for scrubbingConclusions for scrubbing
• High efficiency scrubbing columns required⇒
mass transfer, pressure drop• Check all parameters influencing reactions
⇒
temperature, pH, other impurities, etc.• Select appropriate reducing agent • Design scrubbing system according to requirements
⇒
number of stages, concentrations, control⇒
corrosion control, scaling control, utilities
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Flue Gas Cleaning Flue Gas Cleaning -- process comparison 2process comparison 2
(Semi)Dry Process Wet Scrubber Combined
· Limited HCl/SO2
removal
· Any given HCl/SO2
removal
· Any given HCl/SO2
removal
· No elementary Cl2removal
· Elementary Cl2removal
· Elementary Cl2removal
· Dust removal · Limited dust
removal except
with WESP
· Dust removal
· Dioxine removal
possible
· No dioxine removal
except with SCR
· Dioxine removal
possible
· No effluents · Effluents · Limited effluent or
effluent -free
· Solid waste · No solid waste · (less solid waste)
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Dust: dry process/ (W)ESP: < 10 mg/Nm3
venturi type scrubber 60-95% reduction (acc. inlet)HCl: dry process: 98-99% reduction
wet scrubber: < 10 mg/Nm3 easily achievedSOx: dry process: 85-90% reduction
wet scrubber: < 10 mg/Nm3 easily achievedNOx: SNCR: 50-80% reduction
SCR: 70-80 mg/Nm3
NH3 : dry process: no reduction(from DeNOx) wet scrubber: < 5 mg/Nm3
SCR: < 5 mg/Nm3
Heavy metals: removal generally as dust, except Hg, Cd, ZnCl2 removal in acid scrubber or act. carb.
Dioxins/ furans: dry process/SCR: < 0.1 ng/Nm3 (TE) possible
Flue Gas Cleaning Flue Gas Cleaning -- process comparison 3process comparison 3
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Flue Gas Cleaning Flue Gas Cleaning -- process comparisonprocess comparison
Semi-dry & dry process
Wet scrubber process
SCR selective catalytic red.
Dust, HM + (+) neg.
HF, HCl (+) + -
Cl, Br, I - + -
SOx (+) + neg.
NOx - - +
NH3 (from DeNOx) neg. + +
Hg + (+) -
PCDD, PCDF + - +
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Flue Gas Cleaning KVA Flue Gas Cleaning KVA WeinfeldenWeinfelden
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Flue Gas CleaningFlue Gas Cleaning KVA KVA WeinfeldenWeinfelden
• VFlue Gas = 65‘000 Nm3/h
• HFclean < 1 mg/Nm3
• HClclean < 10 mg/Nm3
• SOxclean < 50 mg/Nm3
• Dustclean < 1 mg/Nm3
21.10.10 CTU Clean Technology Universe AG - Your Partner for responsible waste treatment
Thank you for your attention!
CTU Clean Technology Universe AGBürglistrasse 29CH- 8400 WinterthurTel: +41 52 557 52 52Fax: +41 52 557 52 [email protected] - www.ctu.ch