CTHB

The Coiled Tubing Products Group is a major force in the field of coiled tubing technology.With a global market presence, we aim to not only meet, but exceed our customers'requirements at all times.

The needs of the modern day oil industry dictate that aprofessional and systematic approach is adopted whenplanning and carrying out well intervention operations.

This requires using the latest technology combined withexperienced and dedicated personnel. Varco, havingrecognized that the coiled tubing industry is both a vital andgrowing technology, has formed the Coiled Tubing ProductsGroup to meet this emerging industry’s equipment and serviceneeds.

With Varco coiled tubing systems proving themselves all overthe world every day, we’re meeting - and anticipating - thediverse demands of some of the toughest operatingenvironments on earth.

The Coiled Tubing Products Group is an integral part of Varco’smission to provide a complete range of premier oilfield productsand services around the world.

This handbook was assembled by the group with the intent ofproviding the most comprehensive technical as well as non-technical coiled tubing information to be found under one cover.

Coiled Tubing Products Group

Varco's CT Group of Companies | Enter the CT handbook

Texas Oil ToolsP.O. Box 2327Conroe, Texas 77305-2327 USAPhone: (936) 756-2700Fax: (936) 756-8102email: [email protected]

Hydra Rig6000 East Berry StreetFort Worth, Texas 76119Phone: (817) 457-3825Fax: (817) 457-3897 / 5237email: [email protected]

Hydra Rig UKGreat Yarmouth, UKPhone: 44.1493.748979Fax: 44.1493748218email: [email protected]

Hydra Rig CanadaCalgaryPhone: 403.279.6430Fax: 403.279.7234email: [email protected]

Nitrogen OperationsDuncan, OklahomaPhone: 580.255.4433Fax: 580.252.6664email: [email protected]

Pressure Control EngineeringHolton RoadHolton Heath Trading EstatePoole, Dorset, BH16 6LT UKPhone: 44.1202.631817Fax: 44.1202.631708email: [email protected]

Click on the company name for additional information.

CTES, L.C.9870 Pozos LaneConroe, Texas 77303Phone: (936.521.2200Fax: 936.521.2275email: [email protected]

DubaiPhone: 971.4.3472468Fax: 971.4.3472340email: [email protected]

LouisianaPhone: 337.235.5935Fax: 337.235.3739email: [email protected]

SingaporeNo 4 Tuas Avenue 11Singapore 639070Phone: 65.861.6664Fax: 65.861.7493email: [email protected]

RussiaPhone: 7095.431.4520/7095.432.8118Fax: 7095.431.4520/7095.432.8118email: [email protected]

Manufacturing Locations

Regional Sales & Service Locations

This is not a complete listing of all locations. Call for the location nearest you.

http://www.tot.com

http://www.hydrarig.com

http://www.pce.co.uk

http://www.ctes.com

http://www.varco.com

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Varco's CT Group of Companies

Texas Oil Tools is the cutting edge intechnology and service.

Since its founding in 1978, Texas Oil Tools (TOT) has established itselfas one of the leading specialty manufacturers and suppliers of pressurecontrol equipment. During this period, TOT has expanded its range ofproducts to meet the dynamic demands of the industry.

A proven track record of excellence in design, manufacture and servicehas gained TOT worldwide recognition as a leader in pressure controlproducts. We design and manufacture our products to the most stringentstandards. We are a licensed API manufacturer and we supply ourequipment to meet or exceed industry standards.

TOT designed equipment is available for the widest range of wellconditions and harsh environments including:

• 1.50" bore to 9.00" bore• Working Pressures to 20,000 psi• Service Temperatures from -50°F, Arctic to 500°F Geothermal• Certified Applications for NACE, North Sea Service, & API 6A/16A

BOP's: Single, Dual, Quad, Quint & Combi Ram Designs, Stripper Packers: Side Door,Sidewinder, Conventional, Tandem Side Door, Over Under Quick Latches: Hydraconn,Injector Connector, Quick Disconnect, Hydraulic Releasing Connector (JHS), Lubricators,Hand Unions, Flanges, Flow Cross, Tubing Shear, Tubing Punch, Transport Lift Frames,BOP's for Workover, Snubbing & CTD, Annular BOP's, Work Windows, Subsea WellIntervention BOP's

TOT CT & Workover Equipment

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For precision engineered downhole toolsand completion equipment,

the name PCE says it all.

Based in Dorset (UK), Pressure ControlEngineering (PCE), is an innovative oil-field company specializing in the designand manufacture of precision engineered,downhole intervention and completionequipment for the worldwide oil & gas in-dustries.

Founded in 1985, PCE is accredited withISO-9001 certification, is QUASCO ap-praised by leading major oil companiesand is a VAM licensee. PCE is also ap-proved by the majority of leading opera-tion and service companies to design,manufacture and supply a complete rangeof downhole intervention equipment.

PCE's comprehensive range of over 100slickline/electricline downhole servicetools has a worldwide reputation for qual-ity and reliability. PCE has the perfect toolfor every slickline operation.

For the past eight years PCE has been atthe leading edge of world coiled tubingtool technology. Many of PCE's pioneer-ing flow activated tool designs have nowbecome the coiled tubing industry stan-dard tools. With over 70 field-provencoiled tubing tools, PCE has one of themost comprehensive CT tool ranges avail-able.

PCE's award winning Multi-Lateral Re-Entry Completion System (MLR™) is cur-rently setting new standards in downholeintervention technology. In 1996 PCEwere the first company in the world to de-sign, manufacture and install a multi-lat-eral system which facilitates controlledthru-tubing lateral branch re-entry usingcoiled tubing. Today PCE leads the worldin this new technology, having success-fully deployed 16 by mid-1998.

CT Service, Completion & Fishing Tools, CT Plugs & Nipples for Horizontal Well Bores,CT Velocity String Systems, Wireline Service, Fishing & Mono Conductor Tools & Thru-Tubing Multi Lateral Re-entry Systems

PCE Products

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CTES delivers unrivaled extertise and field-provensoftware and equipment to the

coiled tubing industry

Keep pace with the hottest coiled tubing industry developments andtechnology with Coiled Tubing Engineering Services (CTES, L.C.), anengineering consultancy specializing primarily in coiled tubing technology.The CTES team combines the expertise andtalents of over twenty experienced engineers,programmers and trainers, all of which are coiledtubing industry specialists. CTES is focused onproviding the mostcomprehensive technicalsupport and state-of-the-artsoftware and equipmentavailable in the coiled tubingindustry.

From job design to modelingto equipment to training; our expertise optimizescoiled tubing operations.

Cerberus™ CT Modeling Software, Orion™ Data Acquisition Systems, Depth MeasuringSystems, Cable Installation Systems, CT Diameter Ovality Gauge, CT OperationsSupport, Specialized CT Equipment Design & Development, Engineering & MarketingFeasibility Studies, Comprehensive CT Training, Technical Writing Services

CTES Products & Services

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Count on Hydra Rig: the world leader in coiled tubing technology.

Based in Forth Worth, Texas since 1973, Hydra Rig’s products andservices are recognized world wide for quality and performance. TodayHydra Rig has manufacturing facilities in the USA, UK and Canada aswell as sales and service centers in Mexico and Dubai. No othermanufacturer can match this commitment to customer service.

Hydra Rig is the world's leading manufacturer of coiled tubing, nitrogen,and snubbing equipment. With over 480 coiled tubing units, 290 nitrogenunits and 200 snubbing units in use worldwide, Hydra Rig equipmentmeets the demand for rugged, dependable operation from the Tropics to

the Arctic.

Hydra Rig’s dedication to quality andcontinued research and development, alongwith strong after-sales support, have keptHydra Rig in this leadership position for morethan 18 years.

CT Units, Nitrogen Pump & Vaporizer Units, Snubbing Units, Nitrogen Vessels &Transports, Fluid Pumping Equipment, Automated Control Systems, Injectors, Reels,Power Packs, Control Cabins, Nitrogen Systems, Cement Systems, BOPs & ClosingUnits, Drilling Support Structures, Solids Control Equipment & Data Acquisition Systems

Hydra Rig Products

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Quality Tubing Inc., is a producer of high quality, high frequency inductionwelded coiled steel pipe. At its mill in Houston, Texas, USA, headquarters,the company manufactures carbon steel coiled tubing and pipe to exactingspecifications that are developed both in-house and from customerrequirements. The company also services all coiled tubing product at itsservice centers worldwide, and provides technical assistance to itscustomers.

QTI is committed to providing products and service expertise that meetour customers' needs, requirements, and expectations, free fromdeficiencies.

Quality Tubing, Inc. operates coiled tubing service centers in variousstrategic locations worldwide. These centers exist to store and servicenew and used coiled tubing. Standard stock strings, specially designedfor use in the areas served by our service centers, are available fromthese centers. Further, state-of-the-art corrosion protection andnondestructive testing are available at these centers.

Quality Tubing is the leader incoiled tubing and pipe manufacturing.

QT-1000, QT-900, QT-800®, QT-700®, TRUE-TAPER®, Pre-Perforated Liners, TaperString, Flash Free Tubing, Line Pipe

Quality Tubing Product Lines

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Tulsa Equipment Manufacturingis the first name in

high pressure and cement pumping.

TEM, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, is one of the world's foremostmanufacturers of oilfield high pressure pumping and cement pumpingequipment.

Our goal is to create unique designs that help reduce your job costs, aswe did with the development of our Combination Cementer/Acidizer withbulk storage system.

We're one of the few companies capable of manufacturing a dependablestate-of-the-art Automatic DensityControl System: a patented systemthat has elevated Tulsa EquipmentManufacturing into a worldleadership position in thedevelopment of cement pumpingequipment.

High Pressure Fluid Pumping Units, Frac Bending Units, Cement Pumping Systems,Acid Pumping Systems, Combination Cementer / Acidizers, Cement Batch Mixers,Automatic Density Control Systems

TEM Products

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• INTRODUCTION

• TABLE OF CONTENTS

• HELP

• EXTRAS

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VarcoPost Office Box 808

Houston, Texas 77001 USAPhone 1 (713) 799-5100

Fax 1 (713) 799-5406www.varco.com

Copyright © 1999-2002 Varco

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of thishandbook, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors oromissions. Information in this documentation is also subject to changewithout notice. Tuboscope makes no warranties, express or implied, asto the accuracy of the calculations, data and/or opinions. Neither is anyliability assumed for damages whatsoever arising out of the use of theinformation contained herein.

Request additional handbook copies, submit suggestions and reporterrors to [email protected]

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

REVISED 03/2002

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http://www.varco.com

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GENERAL INFORMATION

PIPE DATA, TABLES & CHARTS

WELL CONTROL EQUIPMENT

DOWNHOLE TOOLS

COILED TUBING EQUIPMENT

NITROGEN PUMPING EQUIPMENT

VARCO’S COILED TUBING GROUP OF COMPANIES

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HELP

BASIC NAVIGATION

KEEPING THIS INTRO OPEN

PRINTING

FINDING TEXT

USING ACROBAT HELP

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BASIC NAVIGATION

There are four basic methods of navigation:

• Regular scrolling—Use the scroll bar on the right side of the screen.

• Bookmarks—Click a heading on the left side of thescreen.

• Hyperlinks—Click hyperlinks in the text. (The cursor will look like this when over a hyperlink.)

• Toolbar—Click buttons on the toolbar to scroll through the pages and to return to previous views.

You can learn more about navigation in the Acrobat help.

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Some pages have a horizontal orientation. To rotate the page(s), select the "rotate pages" menu item under "Document" on the menu bar or simply hit Ctrl + R.

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KEEPING THIS INTRO OPEN

You may find that this introduction keeps disappearing when you open a section in the manual. You can pre-vent this from happening by changing the following Acrobat setting.

1. Select the File menu, then Preferences, then General.

2. Clear the Open Cross-Doc Links in Same Window check box.

3. Click OK.

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PRINTING

You can print individual pages or an entire chapter at a time. You cannot print the entire manual at once.

To print a chapter or an individual page, open the chapter and select the File menu, then Print.

For better print quality, try changing the printer proper-ties to use raster graphics, instead of vector graphics, or print to a postscript printer.

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FINDING TEXT

1. Click on the Acrobat toolbar, or press Ctrl+F.

2. Enter the term you want to search for.

3. Click OK.

4. To find the next occurrence of the term press Ctrl+G.

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USING ACROBAT HELP

The Acrobat help provides additional informationon how to use Acrobat. to access the Acrobat help, select the Help menu, then Reader Guide. You can navigate through the Acrobat help just like any other .pdf file.

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EXTRAS

EXTRAS

This CD contains a Microsoft Excel workbook for performing the CT calculations found in the tables in Chapter 2. You must have Excel installed on your PC to use this workbook.

Click on the filename below to open.

Coiled Tubing Calculations

Table of Contents

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Units Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Acceleration.................................................................................. 1Angular ......................................................................................... 1Area.............................................................................................. 2Density ......................................................................................... 3Electrical....................................................................................... 4Energy / Torque / Power .............................................................. 4Flow Rate ..................................................................................... 8Force / Mass / Weight .................................................................. 8Length .......................................................................................... 10Pressure ....................................................................................... 12Rotation ........................................................................................ 14Time ............................................................................................. 14Velocity......................................................................................... 15Volume ......................................................................................... 16

Fractional Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Temperature Conversions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Useful Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Temperature Conversions............................................................ 22Volume Capacity of Pipes ............................................................ 22Approximate Volume of Hose....................................................... 22Velocity......................................................................................... 22Hydraulics..................................................................................... 22Volumes ....................................................................................... 22Mud Pit Calculation ...................................................................... 23Pipe Displacement ....................................................................... 23Reel Capacities for Coiled Tubing................................................ 23

Nitrogen Properties & Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Temperature Characteristics ........................................................ 25Volume Characteristics ................................................................ 25Conversion Data........................................................................... 26Nitrogen Characteristics ............................................................... 26Safety ........................................................................................... 27First Aid ........................................................................................ 27Oilfield Applications ...................................................................... 27Treating Iron ................................................................................. 27

Coiled Tubing Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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PIPE DATA TABLES & CHARTS

Pipe Sizes, Volumes & Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Coiled Tubing Volumes & Displacements .................................... 2Tubing Sizes, Volumes & Displacements..................................... 6Casing Sizes & Volumes .............................................................. 10Drill Pipe Sizes & Volumes........................................................... 20Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing ................... 24Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing................... 30Annular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing ................................ 54

Coiled Tubing Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Grade 70 ...................................................................................... 3Grade 80 ...................................................................................... 13Grade 90 ...................................................................................... 22Grade 100 .................................................................................... 32Grade 110 .................................................................................... 42Grade 120 .................................................................................... 51

Drill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Drill Pipe Yield Strength ............................................................... 3Used Drill Pipe Yield Strength ...................................................... 7Drill Pipe Pressure........................................................................ 11Used Drill Pipe Pressure .............................................................. 15

Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Calculations.................................................................................. 1Nitrogen Compressibility Factor ................................................... 4Volume Factor - Low Pressure..................................................... 5Volume Factor - Medium Pressure............................................... 6Volume Factor - High Pressure .................................................... 7Volume Factor High Temperature ................................................ 8Pressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen ................................ 9

Coiled Tubing Stress Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1External Pressure Multiplier ........................................................ 5Compressive Load Multiplier ....................................................... 9Internal Pressure Multiplier .......................................................... 13

Coiled Tubing Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Varying Materials.......................................................................... 2Varying Failure Criterion............................................................... 2Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.00" - 1.75" ......................................... 3Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.50" - 2.375" ....................................... 3Coiled Tubing Diameters 2.00" - 4.50" ......................................... 4Varying Wall Thickness ................................................................ 4

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Varying Reel Diameter ................................................................. 5Varying Guide Arch Radius .......................................................... 5

Depth Correction & Stuck Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Plastic Stretch ............................................................................. 7Elongation Due to Pressure - Poisson Effect ............................... 42Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling ............................... 48

Helical Lockup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Horizontal Reach.......................................................................... 2Maximum Weight.......................................................................... 9

Catastrophic Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Catastrophic Buckling .................................................................. 3

Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 7

CT OD = 1.0 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.087 in. & 0.095 in.Reeled Tubing .............................................................................. 9

CT OD = 1.0 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.087 in. & 0.095 in.Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 11





CT OD = 1.75 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.109 in. & 0.156 inReeled Tubing .............................................................................. 21









CT OD = 3.5 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.188 in. & 0.203 in.

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Well Control Equipment Literature

Complete Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Blowout Preventers (BOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Features ....................................................................................... 3Options ......................................................................................... 3Operation...................................................................................... 3Blind Ram Assembly .................................................................... 4Pipe Ram Assembly ..................................................................... 5Slip Ram Assembly ...................................................................... 5Shear Ram Assembly................................................................... 6Shear Seal Rams ......................................................................... 9Pipe Slip Rams............................................................................. 9BOP Field Testing ........................................................................ 9

Stripper Packers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Operation...................................................................................... 17Stripper Packer Elements............................................................. 17Top Loading Stripper Packer........................................................ 17Anti-Buckling Device .................................................................... 19Inhibitor Injection .......................................................................... 19Test Pressure ............................................................................... 19

Quick Latches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Hydraconns .................................................................................. 25Injector Connectors ...................................................................... 25Hydraulic Releasing Connector.................................................... 26

Unions & Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Maintenance & Field Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Suggested Maintenance Schedule............................................... 32Field Inspections .......................................................................... 32

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DOWNHOLE TOOLS

Standard Toolstring Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Motorhead Assembly.................................................................... 1Connectors ................................................................................... 2Safety Valves ............................................................................... 4Release Joints.............................................................................. 5Circulation and Control Valves ..................................................... 7Jars & Accelerators ...................................................................... 9Joints & Straight / Weight Bars..................................................... 11Centralizers .................................................................................. 13

Manipulation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Running/Pulling & Shifting Tools .................................................. 14

Wash Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Fishing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Commonly Used CT Threads Recognition . . . . . . . . . 23

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Injectors - Literature

Injectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Current “5 Series” Injectors .......................................................... 1Previous Injector Data ................................................................. 11Tubing Tensioning System........................................................... 12Schematic..................................................................................... 14

Reels - Literature

Reels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Standard Reel Specifications (Hydra Rig).................................... 16Drop-in-Drum Reels ..................................................................... 17Schematics................................................................................... 20Reel Capacity Calculation ............................................................ 21Shipping Spools ........................................................................... 22

Power Packs - Literature

Power Packs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Power Pack Hydraulic Schematics............................................... 25

Control Cabins - Literature

Control Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Schematics................................................................................... 30

Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Hoses ........................................................................................... 35Common Hydraulic Symbols ........................................................ 38Hydraulic Components ................................................................. 39Fluid Power Principals.................................................................. 42Hydraulic Pumps .......................................................................... 43Control Valves .............................................................................. 49Troubleshooting Procedures ........................................................ 57Glossary ....................................................................................... 62

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Nitrogen Pumps & Vaporizer Systems - Literature

Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Vaporization Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Water Pump (also referred to as the Coolant Pump) ................... 4Vaporizer ...................................................................................... 4Heat Exchangers.......................................................................... 4Engine Heat Exchanger ............................................................... 6Exhaust Heat Recovery................................................................ 7Power Control Valve and Back Pressure Valve ........................... 7Water Brake ................................................................................. 7

Controls & Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Nitrogen Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Acceptable Vacuum Levels .......................................................... 10Pressure Ratings.......................................................................... 10Filling The Tank............................................................................ 11Saturated LN2 .............................................................................. 12

Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Units Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Acceleration.................................................................................. 1Angular ......................................................................................... 1Area.............................................................................................. 2Density ......................................................................................... 3Electrical....................................................................................... 4Energy / Torque / Power .............................................................. 4Flow Rate ..................................................................................... 8Force / Mass / Weight .................................................................. 8Length .......................................................................................... 10Pressure ....................................................................................... 12Rotation ........................................................................................ 14Time ............................................................................................. 14Velocity......................................................................................... 15Volume ......................................................................................... 16

Fractional Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Temperature Conversions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Useful Formulas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Temperature Conversions............................................................ 22Volume Capacity of Pipes ............................................................ 22Approximate Volume of Hose....................................................... 22Velocity......................................................................................... 22Hydraulics..................................................................................... 22Volumes ....................................................................................... 22Mud Pit Calculation ...................................................................... 23Pipe Displacement ....................................................................... 23Reel Capacities for Coiled Tubing................................................ 23

Nitrogen Properties & Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Temperature Characteristics ........................................................ 25Volume Characteristics ................................................................ 25Conversion Data........................................................................... 26Nitrogen Characteristics ............................................................... 26Safety ........................................................................................... 27First Aid ........................................................................................ 27Oilfield Applications ...................................................................... 27Treating Iron ................................................................................. 27

Coiled Tubing Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

General InformationUnits Conversion

General Information

Units ConversionAcceleration

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINcentimeters/second/second 0.03281 feet/second/second centimeters/second/second 0.036 kilometers/hour/second centimeters/second/second 0.01 meters/second/second centimeters/second/second 0.02237 miles/hour/second

feet/second/second 30.48 centimeters/second/second feet/second/second 1.097 kms/hour/second feet/second/second 0.3048 meters/second/second feet/second/second 0.6818 miles/hour/second

kilometers/hour/second 27.78 centimeters/hour/second kilometers/hour/second 0.9113 foot/second/second kilometers/hour/second 0.2778 meters/second/second kilometers/hour/second 0.6214 miles/hour/second meters/second/second 100 centimeters/second/second meters/second/second 3.281 foot/second/second meters/second/second 3.6 kilometers/hour/second meters/second/second 2.237 miles/hour/second

miles/hour/second 44.7 centimeters/second/second miles/hour/second 1.467 feet/second/second miles/hour/second 1.609 kilometers/hour/second miles/hour/second 0.447 meters/second/second

radians/second/second 572.9578 revolutions/minute/minute radians/second/second 9.549 revolutions/minute/second radians/second/second 0.1592 revolutions/second/second

revolutions/minute/minute 1.75E-03 radians/second/second revolutions/minute/minute 0.01667 revolutions/minute/minute revolutions/minute/minute 2.78E-04 revolutions/second/second revolutions/second/second 6.283 radians/second/second revolutions/second/second 3600 revolutions/minute/minute revolutions/second/second 60 revolutions/minute/second

Angular

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINdegrees (angle) 0.01111 quadrants degrees (angle) 0.01745 radians degrees (angle) 3600 seconds

feet/100 feet 1 percent grade minutes (angles) 1.85E-04 quadrants minutes (angles) 2.91E-04 radians minutes (angles) 0.01667 degrees minutes (angles) 60 seconds quadrants (angle) 1.571 radians quadrants (angle) 90 degrees quadrants (angle) 5400 minutes quadrants (angle) 3.24E+05 seconds

radians 57.29578 degrees

1

General Information Units Conversion

radians 3438 minutes radians 2.06E+05 seconds

seconds (angle) 3.09E-06 quadrants seconds (angle) 4.85E-06 radians seconds (angle) 2.78E-04 degrees seconds (angle) 0.01666667 minutes

Area

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINacre 0.4047 hectare or square hectometer acre 10 square chain (Gunter's) acre 100000 square links (Gunter's) acre 160 square rods

acre-feet 43560 cubic feet acre-feet 325900 gallons

acres 43560 square feet acres 4047 square meters acres 0.001562 square miles acres 4840 square yards

centares (centiares) 1 square meters circular mils 5.07E-06 square centimeterscircular mils 7.85E-07 square inches circular mils 0.7854 square mils

hectares 2.471 acres hectares 107600 square feet

square centimeters 1.97E+05 circular mils square centimeters 3.86E-11 square miles square centimeters 100 square millimeters square centimeters 1.20E-04 square yards square centimeters 1.08E-03 square feet square centimeters 0.155 square inches square centimeters 0.0001 square meters

square feet 2.30E-05 acres square feet 1.83E+08 circular mils square feet 929 square centimeters square feet 144 square inches square feet 0.0929 square meters square feet 3.59E-08 square miles square feet 9.29E+04 square millimeters square feet 0.1111 square yards

square inches 1.27E+06 circular mils square inches 6.452 square centimeters square inches 6.94E-03 square feet square inches 645.2 square millimeters square inches 1.00E+06 square mils square inches 7.72E-04 square yards

square kilometers 247.1 inchacres square kilometers 1.00E+10 square centimeters square kilometers 1.08E+07 square feet square kilometers 1.55E+09 square inches

Angular

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

2


square kilometers 1.00E+06 square meters square kilometers 0.3861 square miles square kilometers 1.20E+06 square yards

square meters 2.47E-04 acres square meters 1.00E+04 square centimeters square meters 10.76 square feet square meters 1550 square inches square meters 3.86E-07 square miles square meters 1.00E+06 square millimeters square meters 1.196 square yards square miles 640 acres square miles 2.79E+07 square feet square miles 2.59 square kilometers square miles 2.59E+06 square meters square miles 3.10E+06 square yards

square millimeters 1973 circular mils square millimeters 0.01 square centimeters square millimeters 1.08E-05 square feet square millimeters 1.55E-03 square inches

square mils 1.273 circular mils square mils 6.45E-06 square centimeters square mils 1.00E-06 square inches

square yards 2.07E-04 acres square yards 8361 square centimeters square yards 9 square feet square yards 1296 square inches square yards 0.8361 square meters square yards 3.23E-07 square miles square yards 8.36E+05 square millimeters

Density

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINgrains/imp. gallon 14.286 parts/million grains/US gallon 17.118 parts/million grains/US gallon 142.86 pounds/million gallon

grams/cubic centimeter 62.43 pounds/cubic feet grams/cubic centimeter 0.03613 pounds/cubic inchgrams/cubic centimeter 3.41E-07 pounds/mil-foot

grams/liter 58.417 grains/gallongrams/liter 8.345 pounds/1000 gallongrams/liter 0.062427 pounds/cubic foot

grams/cubic centimeter 62.43 pounds/cubic footgrams/cubic centimeter 0.03613 pounds/cubic inchgrams/cubic centimeter 3.41E-07 pounds/mil-foot kilograms/cubic meter 0.001 grams/cubic centimeterkilograms/cubic meter 0.06243 pound/cubic foot kilograms/cubic meter 3.61E-05 pounds/cubic inch kilograms/cubic meter 3.41E-10 pounds/mil-foot kilograms/cubic meter 3.28E-03 feet of water kilograms/cubic meter 2.90E-03 inches of mercury

Area


3


kilograms/cubic meter 0.2048 pounds/square foot kilograms/cubic meter 1.42E-03 pounds/square inch

pounds/cubic foot 0.01602 grams/cubic centimeter pounds/cubic foot 16.02 kilograms/cubic meter pounds/cubic foot 5.79E-04 pounds/cubic inch pounds/cubic foot 5.46E-09 pounds/mil-foot pounds/cubic foot .13368 pounds/gallonpounds/cubic inch 27.68 gms/cubic centimeter pounds/cubic inch 2.77E+04 kilograms/cubic meter pounds/cubic inch 1728 pounds/cubic foot pounds/cubic inch 9.43E-06 pounds/mil-foot pounds/cubic inch 231 pounds/gallon

pounds/gallon 7.48052 pounds/cubic footpounds/gallon .004329 pounds/cubic inch

pounds/mil-foot 2.31E+06 gms/cubic centimeter parts/million 0.07016 grains/imperial gallon parts/million 0.0584 grains/U.S. gallon parts/million 8.345 pounds/million gallon

Electrical

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINcoulomb 3.00E+09 statcoulombs coulombs 1.04E-05 faradays

coulombs/square centimeter 64.52 coulombs/square inch coulombs/square centimeter 10000 coulombs/square meter

coulombs/square inch 0.155 coulombs/square centimeter coulombs/square inch 1550 coulombs/square meter

coulombs/square meter 0.0001 coulombs/square centimeter coulombs/square meter 0.0006452 coulombs/square inch

faraday/second 96500 ampere (absolute) faradays 26.8 ampere-hours faradays 96490 coulombs farads 1000000 microfarads

international ampere 0.9998 ampere (absolute) international volt 96540 joules international volt 1.59E-19 joules (absolute)

megohms 1.00E+12 microhms megohms 1.00E+06 ohms microfarad 1.00E-06 farads microhms 1.00E-06 ohms

ohm (international) 1.0005 ohm (absolute) ohms 1.00E-06 megohms ohms 1.00E+06 microhms

Energy / Torque / Power

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINBtu 1.06E+10 ergs Btu 778.3 foot-lbs

Density


4


Btu 252 gram-calories Btu 0.0003931 horsepower-hours Btu 1054.8 joules Btu 0.252 kilogram-calories Btu 107.5 kilogram-meters Btu 0.0002928 kilowatt-hours

Btu/hour 0.2162 foot-pounds/secondBtu/hour 0.07 gram-cal/second Btu/hour 0.0003929 horsepower-hours Btu/hour 0.2931 watts

Btu/minute 12.96 foot-lbs/second Btu/minute 0.02356 horsepower Btu/minute 0.01757 kilowatts Btu/minute 17.57 watts

Btu/square ft/minute 0.1221 watts/square inch calorie 1.56E-06 horsepower-hour calorie 1.58E-06 horsepower-hour (metric) calorie 4.1868 joule calorie 1.16E-06 kilowatt-hour

calorie, gram (mean) 0.00396832 Btu (mean) dynes/square centimeter 0.000001 bars

ergs 9.48E-11 Btu ergs 1 dyne-centimeters ergs 7.37E-08 foot-pounds ergs 2.39E-08 gram-calories ergs 0.00102 grams-centimeters ergs 3.73E-14 horsepower-hours ergs 0.0000001 joules ergs 2.39E-11 kg-calories ergs 1.02E-08 kg-meters ergs 2.78E-14 kilowatt-hours ergs 2.78E-11 watt-hours

ergs/second 5.69E-06 Btu/minute ergs/second 1 dyne-centimeter/second ergs/second 4.43E-06 foot-lbs/minute ergs/second 7.38E-08 foot-lbs/second ergs/second 1.34E-10 horsepower ergs/second 1.43E-09 kg-calories/minute ergs/second 1.00E-10 kilowatts foot-pounds 0.001286 Btu foot-pounds 1.36E+07 ergs foot-pounds 0.3238 gram-calories foot-pounds 5.05E-07 hp-hours foot-pounds 1.356 joules foot-pounds 0.000324 kg-calories foot-pounds 0.1383 kg-meters foot-pounds 3.77E-07 kilowatt-hours

foot-pounds/minute 0.001286 Btu/minute foot-pounds/minute 0.01667 foot-pounds/second foot-pounds/minute 0.0000303 horsepower foot-pounds/minute 0.000324 kg-calories/minute foot-pounds/minute 0.0000226 kilowatts



5


foot-pounds/second 4.6263 Btu/hour foot-pounds/second 0.07717 Btu/minute foot-pounds/second 8.18E-04 horsepower foot-pounds/second 1.01945 kg-calories/minute foot-pounds/second 0.001356 kilowatts

gram-calories 0.0039683 Btu gram-calories 9.30E-08 Btu gram-calories 4.19E-07 ergs gram-calories 3.088 foot-pounds gram-calories 1.56E-06 horsepower-hours gram-calories 1.16E-06 kilowatt-hours gram-calories 0.001163 watt-hours

gram-calories/second 14.286 Btu/hour gram-centimeters 980.7 ergs gram-centimeters 980700 joules gram-centimeters 2.34E+08 kg-cal gram-centimeters 100000 kg-meters

grams/square centimeter 2.0481 pounds/square foot hectowatts 100 watts horsepower 42.44 Btu/minute horsepower 33000 foot-lbs/minute horsepower 550 foot-lbs/second horsepower 10.68 kg-calories/minute horsepower 0.7457 kilowatts horsepower 745.7 watts

horsepower (boiler) 33479 Btu/hour horsepower (boiler) 9.803 kilowatts horsepower (metric) 0.9863 horsepower horsepower-hours 2547 Btu horsepower-hours 2.68E+13 ergs horsepower-hours 1980000 foot-lbs horsepower-hours 641190 gram-calories horsepower-hours 2684000 joules horsepower-hours 641.1 kg-calories horsepower-hours 273700 kg-meters horsepower-hours 0.7457 kilowatt-hours

joules 9.48E-04 Btu joules 10000000 ergs joules 0.7376 foot-pounds joules 0.0002389 kg-calories joules 0.102 kg-meters joules 0.0002778 watt-hours

kilogram-meters 9.29E-03 Btu kilogram-meters 9.80E+07 ergs kilogram-meters 7.233 foot-pounds kilogram-meters 9.804 joules kilogram-meters 2.34E-03 kg-calories kilogram-meters 2.72E-06 kilowatt-hours kilowatt-hours 3413 Btu kilowatt-hours 3.60E+13 ergs kilowatt-hours 2.66E+06 foot-lbs kilowatt-hours 859850 gram-calories



6


kilowatt-hours 1.341 horsepower-hours kilowatt-hours 3.60E+06 joules kilowatt-hours 860.5 kg-calories kilowatt-hours 3.67E+05 kg-meters kilowatt-hours 22.75 lbs of water from 62°-212°Fkilowatt-hours 3.53 lbs of water evap. at 212°F

kilowatts 56.92 Btu/minute kilowatts 4.43E+04 foot-lbs/minute kilowatts 737.6 foot-lbs/second kilowatts 1.341 horsepower kilowatts 14.34 kg-calories/minute kilowatts 1000 watts

meter-kilograms 9.81E+07 centimeter-dynes meter-kilograms 1.00E+05 centimeter-grams meter-kilograms 7.233 pound-feet

pound-feet 1.36E+07 centimeter-dynes pound-feet 13825 centimeter-grams pound-feet 0.1383 meter-kilograms pounds/foot 1.488 kilograms/meter pounds/inch 178.6 gms/centimeter

watt (international) 1.0002 watt (absolute) centigrams 0.01 grams

centimeter-dynes 0.00102 centimeter-grams centimeter-dynes 1.02E-08 meter-kilograms centimeter-dynes 7.38E-08 pound-feet centimeter-grams 980.7 centimeter-dynes centimeter-grams 0.00001 meter-kilograms centimeter-grams 0.07233 pound-feet

watt-hours 3.413 Btu watt-hours 3.60E+10 ergs watt-hours 2656 foot-pounds watt-hours 859.85 gram-calories watt-hours 1.34E-03 horsepower-hours watt-hours 0.8605 kilogram-calories watt-hours 367.2 kilogram-meters watt-hours 0.001 kilowatt-hours

watts 3.4129 Btu/hour watts 0.05688 Btu/minute watts 107 erg/second watts 44.27 foot-lbs/minute watts 0.7378 foot-lbs/second watts 1.34E-03 horsepower watts 1.36E-03 horsepower (metric) watts 0.01433 kg-calories/minute watts 0.001 kilowatts

watts (absolute) 0.056884 Btu (mean)/minute watts (absolute) 1 joules/second



7


Flow Rate

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINcubic feet/minute 472 cubic centimeters/second cubic feet/minute 0.1247 gallons/second cubic feet/minute 0.472 liters/second cubic feet/minute 62.43 pounds of water/minute cubic fee/minute .028317 cubic meters/minutecubic feet/second 448.831 gallons/minute cubic feet/second 0.646317 million gallons/day

cubic yards/minute 0.45 cubic feet/second cubic yards/minute 3.367 gallons/second cubic yards/minute 12.74 liters/second

cubic meters/minute 35.314 Cubic feet/minutegallons/minute 8.0208 cubic feet/hour gallons/minute 0.002228 cubic foot/second gallons/minute 0.6308 liters/second liters/minute 5.89E-04 cubic foot/second liters/minute 4.40E-03 gals/second

million gals/day 1.54723 cubic foot/second pounds of water/minute 2.67E-04 cubic foot/second

Force / Mass / Weight

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINdecigrams 0.1 grams dekagrams 10 grams

drams 27.3437 grains drams 1.7718 grams drams 0.0625 ounces

drams(apoth. or troy) 0.125 ounces (troy) drams(apoth. or troy) 0.1371429 ounces(avoirdupois)

dynes 0.00102 grams dynes 0.0000001 joules/centimeter dynes 0.00001 joules/meter (newtons) dynes 1.02E-06 kilograms dynes 7.23E-05 poundals dynes 2.25E-06 pounds grains 0.03657143 drams (avoirdupois)

grains (troy) 1 grains (avoirdupois) grains (troy) 0.0648 grams grains (troy) 0.0020833 ounces (avoirdupois) grains (troy) 0.04167 pennyweight (troy)

grams 5 carat(metric) grams 0.56438339 dram grams 980.7 dynes grams 15.43 grains grams 9.81E-05 joules/centimeter grams 9.81E-03 joules/meter (newtons) grams 0.001 kilograms grams 1000 milligrams grams 0.032150747 ounces (troy) grams 0.035273962 ounces(avoirdupois) grams 0.07093 poundals

8


grams 0.002204623 pounds grams/centimeter 0.0056 pounds/inch

hectograms 100 grams hundredweights (long) 112 pounds hundredweights (long) 0.05 tons (long) hundredweights (short) 1600 ounces (avoirdupois) hundredweights (short) 100 pounds hundredweights (short) 0.0446429 tons (long) hundredweights (short) 0.0453592 tons (metric)

joules 723.3 poundals joules 22.48 pounds

joules/centimeter 10000000 dynes joules/centimeter 10200 grams joules/centimeter 100 joules/meter (newton)

kilograms 980665 dynes kilograms 1000 grams kilograms 0.09807 joules/centimeter kilograms 9.807 joules/meter (newtons) kilograms 70.93 poundals kilograms 2.205 pounds kilograms 9.84E-04 tons (long) kilograms 1.10E-03 tons (short)

kilograms/meter 0.672 pounds/foot kilograms/square centimeter 980665 dynes

micrograms 1.00E-06 grams milliers 1000 kilograms

milligrams 0.01543236 grains milligrams 0.001 grams

newton 1.00E+05 dynes newton .2248 poundounces 16 drams ounces 437.5 grains ounces 28.349523 grams ounces 0.9115 ounces (troy) ounces 0.0625 pounds ounces 2.79E-05 tons (long) ounces 2.84E-05 tons (metric)

pennyweights (troy) 24 grains pennyweights (troy) 1.55517 grams pennyweights (troy) 0.05 ounces (troy) pennyweights (troy) 4.17E-03 pounds (troy)

poise 1 gram/centimeter second poundals 13826 dynes poundals 14.1 grams poundals 1.38E-03 joules/centimeter poundals 0.1383 joules/meter (newtons) poundals 0.0141 kilograms poundals 0.03108 pounds pounds 256 drams pounds 4.45E+05 dynes pounds 7000 grains pounds 453.5924 grams



9


pounds 0.04448 joules/centimeter pounds 4.448 joules/meter (newtons) pounds 0.4536 kilograms pounds 16 ounces pounds 14.5833 ounces (troy) pounds 32.17 poundals pounds 1.21528 pounds (troy) pounds 0.07142857 stones (British) pounds 0.0005 tons (short)

pounds (troy) 5760 grains pounds (troy) 373.24177 grams pounds (troy) 13.1657 ounces (avoirdupois) pounds (troy) 12 ounces (troy) pounds (troy) 240 pennyweights (troy) pounds (troy) 0.822857 pounds (avoirdupois) pounds (troy) 3.67E-04 tons (long) pounds (troy) 3.73E-04 tons (metric) pounds (troy) 4.11E-04 tons (short)

scruples 20 grains slug 14.59 kilogram slug 32.17 pounds

stone (British) 14 pound (avoirdupois) teaspoons (US) 4.93 cubic centimeters

tons (long) 1016 kilograms tons (long) 2240 pounds tons (long) 1.12 tons (short)

tons (metric) 1000 kilograms tons (metric) 907.1848 kilograms tons (metric) 2205 pounds tons (short) 32000 ounces tons (short) 29166.66 ounces (troy) tons (short) 2000 pounds tons (short) 2430.56 pounds (troy) tons (short) 0.89287 tons (long) tons (short) 0.9078 tons (metric)

Length

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINcaliber 0.01 inches caliber 0.254 millimeters

centimeters 0.03281 feet centimeters 0.3937 inches centimeters 0.00001 kilometers centimeters 0.01 meters centimeters 6.21E-06 miles centimeters 10 millimeters centimeters 393.7 mils centimeters 0.01094 yards

chain 792 inches chain 20.12 meters



10


chain (surveyor's or Gunter's) 22 yards circumference 6.283 radians

decimeters 0.1 meters dekameters 10 meters

ell 114.3 centimeter ell 45 inches

em (pica) 0.167 inch em (pica) 0.4233 centimeter fathoms 1.828804 meter fathoms 6 feet

feet 30.48 centimeters feet 0.0003048 kilometers feet 0.3048 meters feet 0.0001645 miles (naut.) feet 0.0001894 miles (stat.) feet 304.8 millimeters feet 12000 mils

furlongs 0.125 miles (US) furlongs 40 rods furlongs 660 feet

hand 10.16 centimeter hectometers 100 meters

inches 2.54 centimeters inches 0.08333333 feet inches 0.0254 meters inches 0.00001578 miles inches 25.4 millimeters inches 1000 mils inches 0.027777778 yards

kilometers 6.68E-09 astronomical unit kilometers 1.00E+05 centimeters kilometers 3280.84 feet kilometers 3.94E+04 inches kilometers 1.06E-13 light year kilometers 1000 meters kilometers 0.6214 miles kilometers 1.00E+06 millimeters kilometers 1094 yards

league 3 miles (approx.) light-year 63239.7 astronomical unit light-year 5.90E+12 miles light-year 9.46E+12 kilometers

links (engineer's) 12 inches links (surveyor's) 7.92 inches

meters 100 centimeters meters 3.281 feet meters 39.37 inches meters 0.001 kilometers meters 5.40E-04 miles (nautical) meters 6.21E-04 miles (statute) meters 1000 millimeters meters 1.094 yards

Length


11


microns 1.00E-06 meters miles (nautical) 6080.27 feet miles (nautical) 1.853 kilometers miles (nautical) 1853 meters miles (nautical) 1.1516 miles (statute) miles (nautical) 2027 yards miles (statute) 1.61E+05 centimeters miles (statute) 5280 feet miles (statute) 6.34E+04 inches miles (statute) 1.609 kilometers miles (statute) 1609 meters miles (statute) 0.8684 miles (nautical) miles (statute) 1760 yards

millimeters 0.1 centimeters millimeters 3.28E-03 feet millimeters 0.03937 inches millimeters 1.00E-06 kilometers millimeters 0.001 meters millimeters 6.21E-07 miles millimeters 39.37 mils millimeters 1.09E-03 yards millmicrons 1.00E-09 meters

mils 2.54E-03 centimeters mils 8.33E-05 feet mils 0.001 inches mils 2.54E-03 kilometers mils 2.78E-05 yards

parsec 1.90E+13 miles parsec 3.08E+13 kilometers

rod 0.25 chain (Gunter's) rod 5.029 meters rod 16.5 feet

rods (surveyor's meas.) 5.5 yards span 9 inch yards 91.44 centimeters yards 0.5 fathom yards 3 foot yards 36 inches yards 9.14E-04 kilometers yards 0.9144 meters yards 4.93E-04 miles (nautical) yards 5.68E-04 miles (statute) yards 914.4 millimeters

Pressure

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINatmospheres 0.007348 ton/square inch atmospheres 76 centimetercentimeters of mercury atmospheres 33.9 foot. of water (at 4 degrees C)atmospheres 29.92 inches of mercury (at 0 degrees C)

Length


12


atmospheres 1.0333 kilograms/square centimeter atmospheres 10332 kilograms/square meter atmospheres 14.7 pounds/square inch atmospheres 1.058 tons/square foot

bars 0.9869 atmospheres bars 1000000 dynes/square centimeter bars 10200 kilograms/square meter bars 2089 pounds/square foot bars 14.5 pounds/square inch

centimeters of mercury 0.01316 atmospheres centimeters of mercury 0.4461 feet of water centimeters of mercury 136 kilograms/square meter centimeters of mercury 27.85 pounds/square foot centimeters of mercury 0.1934 pounds/square inch

dyne/centimeter 0.01 erg/square millimeter dyne/square centimeter 9.87E-07 atmospheres dyne/square centimeter 2.95E-05 inches of mercury at 0øC dyne/square centimeter 0.0004015 inches of water at 4øC

feet of water 0.0295 amospheres feet of water 0.8826 inches of mercury feet of water 0.03048 kilograms/square centimeter feet of water 304.8 kilograms/square meter feet of water 62.43 pounds/square foot feet of water 0.4335 pounds/square inch

inches of mercury 0.03342 atmospheres inches of mercury 1.133 feet of water inches of mercury 0.03453 kilograms/square centimeter inches of mercury 345.3 kilograms/square meter inches of mercury 70.73 pounds/square foot. inches of mercury 0.4912 pounds/square inch

inches of water (at 4øC) 0.002458 atmospheres inches of water (at 4øC) 0.07355 inches of mercury inches of water (at 4øC) 0.00254 kilograms/square centimeter inches of water (at 4øC) 0.5781 ounces/square inch inches of water (at 4øC) 5.204 pounds/square foot inches of water (at 4øC) 0.03613 pounds/square inch

kilogram-calories 3.968 Btu kilogram-calories 3088 foot-pounds kilogram-calories 1.56E-03 hp-hours kilogram-calories 4186 joules kilogram-calories 426.9 kg-meters kilogram-calories 4.186 kilojoules kilogram-calories 1.16E-03 kilowatt-hours

kilograms/square centimeter 0.9678 atmospheres kilograms/square centimeter 32.81 feet of water kilograms/square centimeter 28.96 inches of mercury kilograms/square centimeter 2048 pounds/square foot kilograms/square centimeter 14.22 pounds/square inch

kilograms/square meter 9.68E-05 atmospheres kilograms/square meter 9.81E-05 bars kilograms/square mm 1.00E+06 kilograms/square meter newton/square meter 1.0 pound

Pressure


13


ounces/square inch 4309 dynes/square centimeter ounces/square inch 0.0625 pounds/square inch pounds/square foot 4.73E-04 atmospheres pounds/square foot 0.01602 feet of water pounds/square foot 0.01414 inches of mercury pounds/square foot 4.882 kilograms/square meter pounds/square foot 6.94E-03 pounds/square inch pounds/square inch 0.06804 atmospheres pounds/square inch 2.307 feet of water pounds/square inch 2.036 inches of mercury pounds/square inch 703.1 kilograms/square meter pounds/square inch 144 pounds/square foot pounds/square inch 6.8947 kilopascalspounds/square inch .0068947 megapascals

tons (short)/square foot 9765 kilograms/square meter tons (short)/square foot 2000 pounds/square inch tons of water/24 hours 83.333 pounds of water/hour tons of water/24 hours 0.16643 gallons/minute tons of water/24 hours 1.3349 cubic foot/hour

Rotation

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINdegrees/second 0.01745 radians/second degrees/second 0.1667 revolutions/minute degrees/second 0.002778 revolutions/second radians/second 57.29578 degrees/second radians/second 9.549 revolutions/minute radians/second 0.1592 revolutions/second

revolutions 360 degrees revolutions 4 quadrants revolutions 6.283 radians

revolutions/minute 6 degrees/second revolutions/minute 0.1047 radians/second revolutions/minute 0.01667 revolutionsrevolutions/second revolutions/second 360 degrees/second revolutions/second 6.283 radians/second revolutions/second 60 revolutions/minute

Time

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINdays 86400 seconds

hours (mean solar) 0.04166667 days hours (mean solar) 0.005952381 weeks

week 7 day week 168 hour week 10080 minute (time) week 0.2299795 month week 6.05E+05 second

Pressure


14


year (mean of 4 year period) 365.25 day year (mean of 4 year period) 8766 hour year (mean of 4 year period) 5.26E+05 minute (time) year (mean of 4 year period) 3.16E+07 second (time) year (mean of 4 year period) 52.17857 week

Velocity

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINcentimeters/second 1.1969 feet/minute centimeters/second 0.03281 feet/second centimeters/second 0.036 kilometers/hour centimeters/second 0.1943 knots centimeters/second 0.6 meters/minute centimeters/second 0.02237 miles/hour centimeters/second 0.0003728 miles/minute

feet/minute 0.508 centimeters/second feet/minute 0.01667 feet/second feet/minute 0.01829 kms/kr feet/minute 0.3048 meters/minute feet/minute 0.01136 miles/hour feet/second 30.48 centimeters/second feet/second 1.097 kms/hour feet/second 0.5921 knots feet/second 18.29 meters/minute feet/second 0.6818 miles/hour feet/second 0.01136 miles/minute

kilometers/hour 27.78 centimeters/second kilometers/hour 54.68 feet/minute kilometers/hour 0.9113 feet/second kilometers/hour 0.5396 knots kilometers/hour 16.67 meters/minute kilometers/hour 0.6214 miles/hour

knots 6080 feet/hour knots 1.8532 kilometers/hour knots 1 nautical miles/hour knots 1.151 statute miles/hour knots 2027 yards/hour knots 1.689 feet/second

meters/minute 1.667 centimeters/second meters/minute 3.281 feet/minute meters/minute 0.05468 feet/second meters/minute 0.06 kms/hour meters/minute 0.03238 knots meters/minute 0.03728 miles/hour meters/second 196.8 feet/minute meters/second 3.281 feet/second meters/second 3.6 kilometers/hour meters/second 0.06 kilometers/minute meters/second 2.237 miles/hour meters/second 0.03728 miles/minute

Time


15


miles/hour 44.7 centimeters/second miles/hour 88 feet/minute miles/hour 1.467 feet/second miles/hour 1.609 kms/hour miles/hour 0.02682 kms/minute miles/hour 0.8684 knots miles/hour 26.82 meters/minute miles/hour 0.1667 miles/minute

miles/minute 2682 centimeters/second miles/minute 88 feet/second miles/minute 1.609 kms/minute miles/minute 0.8684 knots/minute miles/minute 60 miles/hour

Volume

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINbarrels (oil) 42 gallons (oil)

barrels (US dry) 7056 cubic inches barrels (US dry) 105 quarts (dry)

barrels (US, liquid) 31.5 gallons bushels 1.2445 cubic foot bushels 2150.4 cubic inch bushels 0.03524 cubic meters bushels 35.24 liters bushels 4 pecks bushels 64 pint (dry) bushels 32 quarts (dry) centiliter 0.3382 ounce fluid (US) centiliter 0.6103 cubic inch centiliter 2.705 drams centiliters 0.01 liters cord feet 16 cubic feet

cords 8 cord feet cubic centimeter 3.53E-05 cubic foot cubic centimeter 0.06102374 cubic inch cubic centimeter 0.000001 cubic meter cubic centimeter 1000 cubic millimeter cubic centimeter 1.31E-06 cubic yard cubic centimeter 0.2815606 drachm (Brit. fluid) cubic centimeter 0.2705122 dram (U.S. fluid) cubic centimeter 2.20E-04 gallon (Brit liquid) cubic centimeter 2.64E-04 gallon (US liquid) cubic centimeter 0.001 liter cubic centimeter 0.002113 pint (US liquid) cubic centimeter 0.001057 quart (US liquid)

cubic feet 0.8036 bushels (dry) cubic feet 28320 cubic centimeters cubic feet 1728 cubic inches cubic feet 0.02832 cubic meters cubic feet 0.037037037 cubic yards

Velocity


16


cubic feet 7.48052 gallons (US liquid) cubic feet 28.32 liters cubic feet 59.84 pints (US liquid) cubic feet 29.92 quarts (US liquid)

cubic inches 16.39 cubic centimeters cubic inches 0.0005787 cubic feet cubic inches 1.64E-05 cubic meters cubic inches 2.14E-05 cubic yards cubic inches 0.004329 gallons cubic inches 106100 mil-feet cubic inches 0.03463 pints (US liquid) cubic inches 0.01732 quarts (US liquid) cubic meters 28.38 bushels (dry) cubic meters 1000000 cubic centimeters cubic meters 35.31 cubic feet cubic meters 61023 cubic inches cubic meters 1.307951 cubic yards cubic meters 264.2 gallons (US liquid) cubic meters 1000 liters cubic meters 2113 pints (US liquid)cubic meters 1057 quarts (US liquid) cubic yards 764600 cubic centimeters cubic yards 27 cubic feet cubic yards 46656 cubic inches cubic yards 0.7646 cubic meters cubic yards 202 gallons (US liquid) cubic yards 764.6 liters cubic yards 1615.9 pints (US liquid) cubic yards 807.9 quarts (US liquid)

cups 236.588 cubic centimeters deciliters 0.1 liters dekaliters 10 liters

drams(US fluid or apoth.) 3.6967 cubic centimeter drops 0.01666 teaspoons

gallons 3785.412 cubic centimeters gallons 0.1337 cubic feet gallons 231 cubic inches gallons 0.003785 cubic meters gallons 0.004951 cubic yards gallons 3.785 liters

gallons (liquid British imp.) 1.20095 gallons (US liquid) gallons (US) 0.83267 gallons (imperial)

gallons of water 8.3liquid453 pounds of water hectoliters 100 liters

hogsheads (British) 10.114 cubic feet hogsheads (U.S.) 8.42184 cubic feet hogsheads (U.S.) 63 gallons (U.S.)

kiloliters 1000 liters liters 0.02838 bushels (U.S. dry) liters 1000 cubic centimeter liters 0.03531 cubic feet liters 61.02 cubic inches

Volume


17


liters 0.001 cubic meters liters 1.31E-03 cubic yards liters 0.2642 gallons (U.S. liquid) liters 2.113 pints (U.S. liquid) liters 1.057 quarts (U.S. liquid)

microliters 1.00E-06 liters mil-feet 9.43E-06 cubic inches milliliters 0.001 liters

minims (British) 0.059192 cubic centimeter minims (US fluid) 0.061612 cubic centimeter

ounces (fluid) 1.805 cubic inches ounces (fluid) 0.02957 liters ounces (troy) 480 grains ounces (troy) 31.103481 grams ounces (troy) 1.09714 ounces (avoirdupois) ounces (troy) 20 pennyweights (troy) ounces (troy) 0.08333 pounds (troy) pecks (British) 554.6 cubic inches pecks (British) 9.091901 liters

pecks (US) 0.25 bushels pecks (US) 537.605 cubic inches pecks (US) 8.809582 liters pecks (US) 8 quarts (dry) pints (Brit.) 568.26125 cubic centimeters pints (Brit.) 34.67743 cubic inches pints (Brit.) 0.125 gallons (Brit.) pints (Brit.) 4 gills (Brit.) pints (Brit.) 0.56826125 liters pints (Brit.) 568.26125 milliliters pints (Brit.) 20 ounces (Brit. fluid) pints (Brit.) 1.032057 pints (US dry) pints (Brit.) 1.20095 pints (US liquid)

pints (US dry) 550.6105 cubic centimeters pints (US dry) 33.6003125 cubic inches pints (US dry) 0.5506105 liters pints (US dry) 550.6105 milliters pints (US dry) 0.0625 peck (US) pints (US dry) 0.968939 pint (Brit. dry) pints (US dry) 0.5 quarts (US dry)

pints (US liquid) 473.1765 cubic centimeter pints (US liquid) 0.01671 cubic feet pints (US liquid) 28.875 cubic inches pints (US liquid) 4.73E-04 cubic meters pints (US liquid) 6.19E-04 cubic yards pints (US liquid) 0.125 gallons (US) pints (US liquid) 4 gills (US) pints (US liquid) 0.4731765 liters pints (US liquid) 473.1765 milliliters pints (US liquid) 16 ounce (US fluid) pints (US liquid) 0.8326742 pints (Brit. liquid) pints (US liquid) 0.5 quarts (liquid) pounds of water 0.01602 cubic feet

Volume


18


pounds of water 27.68 cubic inches pounds of water 0.1198 gallons

quarts (dry) 67.2 cubic inches quarts (liquid) 946.4 cubic centimeters quarts (liquid) 0.03342 cubic feet quarts (liquid) 57.75 cubic inches quarts (liquid) 9.46E-04 cubic meters quarts (liquid) 1.24E-03 cubic yards quarts (liquid) 0.25 gallons quarts (liquid) 0.9463 liters

tablespoons (metric) 15 milliliter tablespoons (US) 14.79 milliliter teaspoons (metric) 5 milliliter

Volume


19

General Information Fractional Decimal Equivalents

Fractional Decimal Equivalents

FractionDecimal

Equivalentmm

FractionDecimal

Equivalent mm

1/64 0.015625 0.397 33/64 0.515625 13.097

1/32 0.031250 0.794 17/32 0.531250 13.494

3/64 0.046875 1.191 35/64 0.546875 13.891

1/16 0.062500 1.588 9/16 0.562500 14.288

5/64 0.078125 1.984 37/64 0.578125 14.684

3/32 0.093750 2.381 19/32 0.593750 15.081

7/64 0.109375 2.778 39/64 0.609375 15.478

1/8 0.125000 3.175 5/8 0.625000 15.875

9/64 0.140625 3.572 41/64 0.640625 16.272

5/32 0.156250 3.969 21/32 0.656250 16.669

11/64 0.171875 4.366 43/64 0.671875 17.066

3/16 0.187500 4.763 11/16 0.687500 17.463

13/64 0.203125 5.159 45/64 0.703125 17.859

7/32 0.218750 5.556 23/32 0.718750 18.256

15/64 0.234375 5.953 47/64 0.734375 18.653

1/4 0.250000 6.350 3/4 0.750000 19.050

17/64 0.265625 6.747 49/64 0.765625 19.447

9/32 0.281250 7.144 25/32 0.781250 19.844

19/64 0.296875 7.541 51/64 0.796875 20.241

5/16 0.312500 7.938 13/16 0.812500 20.638

21/64 0.328125 8.334 53/64 0.828125 21.034

11/32 0.343750 8.731 27/32 0.843750 21.431

23/64 0.359375 9.128 55/64 0.859375 21.828

3/8 0.375000 9.525 7/8 0.875000 22.225

25/64 0.390625 9.922 57/64 0.890625 22.622

13/32 0.406250 10.319 29/32 0.906250 23.019

27/64 0.421875 10.716 59/64 0.921875 23.416

7/16 0.437500 11.113 15/16 0.937500 23.813

29/64 0.453125 11.509 61/64 0.953125 24.209

15/32 0.468750 11.906 31/32 0.968750 24.606

31/64 0.484375 12.303 63/64 0.984375 25.003

1/2 0.500000 12.700 1 1.000000 25.400

20

General InformationTemperature Conversions

Temperature Conversions

Fahrenheit Centigrade Fahrenheit Centigrade Fahrenheit Centigrade

+ 300º + 148.89º + 180º + 82.22º + 60º + 15.56º

+ 295º + 146.11º + 175º + 79.44º + 55º + 12.78º

+ 290º + 143.33º + 170º + 76.67º + 50º + 10.00º

+ 285º + 140.56º + 165º + 73.89º + 45º + 7.22º

+ 280º + 137.78º + 160º + 71.11º + 40º + 4.44º

+ 275º + 135.00º + 155º + 68.33º + 35º + 1.67º

+ 270º + 132.22º + 150º + 65.56º + 30º -+ 1.11º

+ 265º + 129.44º + 145º + 62.78º + 25º -+ 3.89º

+ 260º + 126.67º + 140º + 60.00º + 20º -+ 6.67º

+ 255º + 123.89º + 135º + 57.22º + 15º -+ 9.44º

+ 250º + 121.11º + 130º + 54.44º + 10º -+ 12.22º

+ 245º + 118.33º + 125º + 51.67º + 5º -+ 15.00º

+ 240º + 115.56º + 120º + 48.89º 0º -+ 17.78º

+ 235º + 112.78º + 115º + 46.11º -5º -+ 20.56º

+ 230º + 110.00º + 110º + 43.33º -10º -+ 23.33º

+ 225º + 107.22º + 105º + 40.56º -15º -+ 26.11º

+ 220º + 104.44º + 100º + 37.78º -20º -+ 28.89º

+ 215º + 101.67º + 95º + 35.00º -25º -+ 31.67º

+ 210º + 98.89º + 90º + 32.22º -30º -+ 34.44º

+ 205º + 96.11º + 85º + 29.44º -35º -+ 37.22º

+ 200º + 93.33º + 80º + 26.67º -40º -+ 40.00º

+ 195º + 90.56º + 75º + 23.89º -45º -+ 42.78º

+ 190º + 87.78º + 70º + 21.11º -50º -+ 45.56º

+ 185º + 85.00º + 65º + 18.33º -55º -+ 48.33º

21

General Information Useful Formulas

Useful Formulas

Temperature ConversionsTemperature Centigrade = 5/9 (Temp. °F - 32)Temperature Fahrenheit = 9/5 (Temp. °C) + 32Temperature Absolute C = Temp. °C + 273Temperature Absolute F = Temp. °F + 460

Volume Capacity of PipesGallons per 1000’ = 40.8 x (ID in inches)2

Barrels per 1000’ = 0.9714 x (ID in inches)2

Cubic feet per 1000’ = 5.454 x (ID in inches)2

Gallons per mile = 215.4240 x (ID in inches)2

Barrels per mile = 5.1291 x (ID in inches)2

Cubic Meter per 100 Meter = 0.0000785 (ID in inches)2

Approximate Volume of Hose2” hose = 0.02 cubic feet per foot length or 51 mm = 0.00186 m3 per meter21/2” hose = 0.03 cubic feet per foot length or 64 mm = 0.00279 m3 per meter

3” hose = 0.04 cubic feet per foot76 mm = 0.00372 m3 per meter4” hose = 0.08 cubic feet per foot102 mm = 0.00743 m3 per meter

VelocityFeet per minute = 1029.42 (Bbls per minuteminute) ÷ (ID in inches)2

Meter per minute = 1273240 (m3 per minuteminute) ³ (ID in mm)2

Feet per second = Gallons per minuteminute (0.4085) ÷ (ID in inches)2

Meters per second = 76394400 (m3 per minuteminute) ³ (ID in mm)2

Hydraulics Horsepower = work per time = (force x distance) ÷ timeHeat (BTU / hr) = pressure (psi. across relief) x flow rate (gpm discharge) x 1.4848Work (foot-pounds) = force (lbs) x distance (ft)Power = pressure x flow or 1 HP = psi. x gpm ÷ 1713.6Hydraulic HP = 0.000584 (Gallons per minute) x (Pressure, psi.)Hydraulic HP = 0.02448 (Barrels per minute) x (Pressure, psi.)Hydraulic HP = (Barrels per minute) x (Pressure, psi.) ÷ 40.8Hydraulic HP = (Brake HP) x (Efficiency of power train to pump) x (Pump Efficiency)

VolumesBbl/ft. in round tank = (Diameter, in feet)2 ÷ 7.14Bbl/in. in round tank = (Diameter, in feet)2 ÷ 85.7Bbl/in. in square tank = 0.0143 (Length, ft.) Width, ft.)Cubic feet per inch in square tank = 0.0833 (Length, ft.) Width, ft.)m3 per M in round tank = 0.7854 (Diameter, in meters)2

m3 per centimeter in round tank = 0.007854 (Diameter, in meters)2

m3 per centimeter in square tank = Length (m) x Width (m) x 0.01

22

General InformationUseful Formulas

Mud Pit Calculation0.0833 (Length, ft.) (Width, Ft.) = Cubic feet per inch of Depth0.0148 (Length, ft.) (Width, Ft.) = Barrels per inch of Depth0.00058 (Length, inches) (Width, inches) = Cubic feet per inch of Depthm3 per centimeter of Depth = Length in Meter x Width in Meter x 0.01m3 per m of Length = Length in Meter x Width in Meter

Pipe Displacement (Metal Only w/Coupling)

0.002 (Wt of pipe per ft. with coupling) (Depth, ft.) = Displacement in ft30.00367 (Wt of pipe per ft. with coupling) (Depth, ft.) = Displacement in bbls0.000124 x (Wt of pipe in kg/m with couplings) (Depth, m) = Displacement in m3

Reel Capacities for Coiled Tubing

Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (English)

Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (Metric)

Spool Measurements (in)

D = 1.00” 1.25” 1.50” 1.75” 2.00” 2.375” 2.875” 3.50”E = 2.0” 2.0” 2.0” 2.75” 3.0” 3.5” 4.0” 4.5”

ReelOD

Flange Height

Core Dia.

Flange Width

A B C Reel Capacities in Feet90 21.0 48 48 15,997 9,961 6,635112 20.0 72 60 25,447 15,746 11,310 7,030 5,529 3,387 116 22.0 72 60 28,903 18,498 12,456 8,935 6,362 4,060 120 24.0 72 60 32,484 19,921 13,635 9,934 7,226 4,765 124 26.0 72 60 36,191 22,861 16,085 10,964 8,121 5,500 128 28.0 72 60 40,024 24,379 17,357 12,025 9,048 6,267 135 26.5 82 65 43,291 27,353 19,093 13,191 9,584 6,576 140 29.0 82 65 50,081 30,947 22,087 15,729 11,762 7,475 142 30.0 82 65 52,412 32,795 22,087 15,729 11,762 8,407 154 31.0 92 65 59,713 37,808 25,774 18,598 14,074 9,185 6,110 154 28.0 98 65 54,863 33,489 23,635 16,612 12,265 8,606 5,575 160 24.0 112 79 60,971 37,362 25,348 18,802 13,477 9,054 5,482 3,729 180 34.0 112 89 107,367 66,567 46,547 31,544 24,536 16,332 11,054 7,330 180 25.0 130 89 81,993 51,023 35,333 23,719 19,260 13,197 8,254 4,827

Spool Measurements (m)

D (mm) 25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8 60.325 73.025 88.9 E (mm) 50.8 50.8 50.8 69.85 76.2 88.9 101.6 114.3

Reel OD

Flange Height

Core Dia.

Flange Width

A B C Reel Capacities in Meters2.29 0.533 1.219 1.219 4,876 3,036 2,022 2.84 0.508 1.829 1.524 7,756 4,799 3,447 2,143 1,685 1,032 2.95 0.559 1.829 1.524 8,810 5,638 3,797 2,723 1,939 1,238 3.05 0.610 1.829 1.524 9,901 6,072 4,156 3,028 2,202 1,452 3.15 0.660 1.829 1.524 11,031 6,968 4,903 3,342 2,475 1,676 3.25 0.711 1.829 1.524 12,199 7,431 5,291 3,665 2,758 1,910 3.43 0.673 2.083 1.651 13,195 8,337 5,819 4,021 2,921 2,004 3.56 0.737 2.083 1.651 15,265 9,433 6,732 4,794 3,585 2,278 3.61 0.762 2.083 1.651 15,975 9,996 6,732 4,794 3,585 2,563 3.91 0.787 2.337 1.651 18,200 11,524 7,856 5,669 4,290 2,800 1,862 3.91 0.711 2.489 1.651 16,722 10,208 7,204 5,063 3,738 2,623 1,699 4.06 0.610 2.845 2.007 18,584 11,388 7,726 5,731 4,108 2,760 1,671 1,1374.57 0.864 2.845 2.261 32,725 20,290 14,188 9,614 7,479 4,978 3,369 2,2344.57 0.635 3.302 2.261 24,992 15,552 10,770 7,230 5,870 4,022 2,516 1,471

23

General Information Useful Formulas

NOTE 1: N & M must be rounded down to an integer number.NOTE 2: L is in the same units as A, B, C, D and E

24

General InformationNitrogen Properties & Uses

Nitrogen Properties & Uses

Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of the earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen gas is an inert gas that is both colorless and odorless with a density of 0.0724 pounds / scf (at 14.7psia and 60°F). In 1959, when techniques for using liquid nitrogen were developed, nitrogen made its introduction into the oilfield. Nitrogen is converted into a liquid (along with oxygen) through a gas separation and liquification plant. The liquid nitrogen (LN2) is considered a cryogenic material. Cryogenics is a term used for materials at -150°F or colder.

Temperature Characteristics

At atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia), liquid nitrogen will "boil" at -320.5°F. In other words, it begins to vaporize to a gas above -320.5°F.

LN2 boiling point = -320.5°F at 14.7 psia

The critical temperature (where all properties of the coexisting vapor and liquid phases become identical) = -232.8°F

Volume Characteristics

If you had one gallon of liquid nitrogen (at atmospheric pressure) and allowed it to vaporize entirely into gas, you would then have 93.11 scf (standard cubic feet) of nitrogen gas. Stan-dard conditions are considered to be at 14.7 psi (1 atmosphere) pressure and 70°F.

Our conversion tables tell us that one gallon is equal to 0.1337 cubic feet. Our one gallon of liquid nitrogen is also 0.1337 cubic feet of liquid nitrogen. If it is allowed to entirely vaporize to a gas (at 14.7 psi and 70°F), you would still end up with 93.11 scf of gas. This is equiva-lent to 696.5 gallons of gas. Remember, 93.11 cf / 0.1337 cf/gallon = 696.5 gallon.

25

General Information Nitrogen Properties & Uses

Conversion Data

Nitrogen Characteristics• Chemical Symbol = N2 • Molecular Weight = 28.016• Triple Point = -345.9°F at 1.82 psig• Specific Gravity of Liquid Nitrogen (water = 1.0) = 0.809• Normal Boiling Point = -320.45°F• Latent Heat of Evaporation = 85.67 BTU / lb• Critical Temperature = -232.87°F• Critical Pressure = 492.3 psia• Critical Pressure Atmospheres abs. = 33.54 • Triple Point Pressure Atmospheres abs. = 0.1238• Triple Point Pressure psia = 1.819• Specific Heat (cp) @ 77°F = 0.4471 BTU / (lb) (°F)• Specific Heat (cv) @ 70°F = 0.3197 BTU / (lb) (°F)• Ratio of Specific Heat = 1.4014 @ 70°F• Coeff Viscosity, Micropoises @ 77°F = 117.96• Thermal Conductivity @ 60°F = 0.01462 BTU / ft²/hour• Density of Saturated Vapor @ 14.7 psia - 0.03635 lb/ft³• Density lb/ft³ 70°F 1 ATM = 0.07245• Specific Gravity of Saturated Vapor @14.7 psia (air = 1.0) = 0.967• Specific Volume cu. ft. per lb. 70°F 1 ATM = 13.803• Density of Liquid Nitrogen @ Normal Boiling Point = 50.443 lb/ft³• Weighs approximately 3% less than air (at atmospheric temperature)• Odorless, Colorless, Tasteless• Nontoxic and nonflammable

1 lb 1 kg 1 SCF Gas 1 Nm³ Gas 1 Gal Liquid 1 L Liquid

lb 1.0000 2.205 0.07245 2.757 6.745 1.782

kg 0.4536 1.0 0.03286 1.2506 3.060 0.8083

scf gas 13.803 30.42 1.0 38.04 93.11 24.60

Nm³ 0.3627 0.7996 0.02628 1.0 2.447 0.6464

Gal Liquid 0.1481 0.3262 0.01074 0.4080 1.0 0.2642

L Liquid 0.5606 1.2349 0.04065 1.5443 3.785 1.0

* Nm³ (normal cubic meter) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C. All values rounded to nearest 4/5 significant numbers. SCF (standard cubic foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F. Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature. All values are consistent with standards adopted by the Compressed Gas Association on June 6, 1962.

26

General InformationNitrogen Properties & Uses

Safety

Wear protective clothing to cover as much of the body as possible.

• Safety goggles• Thermal or leather gloves• Long sleeve shirts• Cuffless trousers (don't stick your pants in your boots)

First Aid1. Remove any clothing that may restrict blood circulation to the affected body area. 2. Do not rub the affected area as this may cause further tissue damage.3. Apply cold compresses if possible.4. Get to a physician for treatment.

Oilfield Applications• Freeing stuck drill pipe• Drill stem testing• Enhance perforating• Nitrogen fracs• Unload fluids from a well• Inhibit tubulars• Nitrogen acid treatments• Displace fluids down tubulars• Set hydraulic packers• Pipeline purging, cleaning, and testing• Gas lift• Cementing• Pressure testing

Treating Iron

Carbon steel becomes brittle at approximately -40°F. Allowing LN2 or nitrogen gas at this temperature in the carbon steel treating iron is one of the most dangerous mistakes an oper-ator can make. When this occurs, any shock could cause treating iron to break like glass.

Carbon Steel cannot withstand rapid contraction. Nitrogen can shrink the inside of treating iron faster than the outside of the treating iron causing it to separate.

Avoid skin contract. Liquid nitrogen is hazardous. Contact withhuman tissue will destroy the tissue in a manner similar to hightemperature burns. Freeze burns will result from contact with theactual liquid or contact with the cold surfaces of piping andequipment containing the liquid.

Liquid nitrogen causes immediate damage to your eyes. Eyedamage is usually beyond repair.

A well ventilated work environment is essential. Without properventilation, nitrogen can displace oxygen to cause dizziness,unconsciousness, or even death when inhaled.

27

General Information Coiled Tubing Glossary

Coiled Tubing Glossary

- A -

Absolute Pressure

The pressure measured from a vacuum. (0 psi absolute pressure = vacuum) Absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure equals gauge pressure. Note that it is physically impossible to have a negative absolute pressure.

Accumulator

* A pressure vessel charged with nitrogen gas used to store hydraulic fluid under pressure for operation of pressure control equipment.

Accumulator precharge

* An initial nitrogen charge in an accumulator which is further compressed when the hydraulic fluid is pumped into the accumulator storing potential energy.

Actuation Test, well control component

* The closing and opening of a well control component to assure mechanical functioning.

Annulus

The annulus is the area between the CT and the well tubulars.

Axial Load

Force applied along the length of the CT string. Tension is positive. Com-pression is negative.

Axial Stress

The axial load at a given point in the CT divided by the cross-sectional area of the CT.

The axial stress is part of the Von Mises Stress.

Azimuth

The azimuth in well survey data is the angle from North, in degrees, of the well axis at a given point. For example, a section of a well that goes East, has an azimuth of 90 degrees.

- B -

BHA

Bottom hole assembly

28

General InformationCoiled Tubing Glossary

Bingham Plastic

Bingham plastic is the model for a fluid which does not flow until a specific yield point is reached. Cement and some drilling muds are often modeled as Bingham plastics.

Blind Rams

* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to seal against each other to effectively close the wellbore when there are no tools or pipe through the well control stack. The blind rams are not intended to seal against coiled tubing.

Blowout

* An uncontrolled flow of pressurized wellbore fluids and/or formation fluids out of the wellbore or into lower pressured subsurface zones (underground blowout).

- C -

Check valve

* A valve that allows flow through it in one direction only. This device is installed at the coiled tubing connector and allows fluid to be circulated down the string but prevents backflow. This device may be a ball-and-seat type or flapper type.

Choke

* A device with either a fixed or a variable aperture used to control the rate of flow of liquids and/or gas.

Christmas tree

* A term applied to the combination of valves and fittings assembled above the top of the tubing spool on a completed well to contain well pressure and control the flow of hydrocarbons and other fluids.

Closing ratio

* The ratio of the wellhead pressure to the hydraulic actuation pressure required to close the well control component.

Collapse

* Flattening of the coiled tubing due to external pressure or external pressure combined with either tension or bending.

Compression

When a portion of a CT string is pushed together along its axis, it is in com-pression.

Compression is the opposite of tension.

29


Continuous Taper

Varying wall thickness of a section of CT linearly from one end of the section to the other.

Critical Buckling

The point where a section of CT begins to form a sinusoidal curve in the hole. Critical bucking does not mean that your tubing cannot go further into the hole. Usually called Sinusoidal Bucking.

- D -

Derate

To manually lower the used life of a string to the derating factor. You derate welds and zones.

Derating Factor

The amount the used life of a weld or zone is reduced to. For example, a zone with a derating factor of 85% means that it has 85% of the life it would normally have.

Depth

The distance from the zero depth datum at the top of the well to the point in question. Depth can be measured from the downhole end of a string, but depth is not related to string position.

Drawdown

The difference between the bottom hole pressure at the reservoir and the reservoir pressure. The change in pressure causes the fluid in a reservoir to flow into the well. In a killed well, there is no drawdown because the bottom hole pressure is equal to the reservoir pressure.

- E -

E-line Capable

A work reel that is e-line capable has connections for an electrical cable installed inside the CT string.

Effective Wall

The effective wall of a CT string is the minimum wall minus the wall reduc-tion. It represents the worst case for the actual wall thickness used in tubing life and strength calculations.

Effective Well

The effective well is what is used in force and hydraulics calculations. In gen-eral, the effective well follows the innermost tubulars (tubing, casing, liners, and open hole).

30


- F -

Failure Criterion

The point which Achilles uses as 100% used life for a string. Failure can be defined in two ways: as crack initiation, or as fracture. In crack initiation, the beginnings of a crack appears on the CT. In fracture, the crack has propa-gated through the wall of the CT and the CT cannot hold pressure.

Foam Quality

The ratio of the volume of gas over the total volume of the fluid. A foam with a quality of 1 is all gas. A foam with a quality of 0 is all liquid. Foam quality is dependent on temperature, as temperature affects the volume of gas.

Freeboard

The distance from the top of the last wrap of coiled tubing to the outside of the flange of the reel. For safety reasons, the reel is never completely filled with coiled tubing. Some operators recommend a different freeboard for each coiled tubing diameter. The more freeboard, the less the reel capacity.

- G -

Gate Valve

* A valve which employs a sliding gate to open or close the flow passage. The valve may or may not be full-opening.

Gauge Pressure

The pressure indicated by a pressure gauge. (0 psi gauge pressure = atmo-spheric pressure) Gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure equals abso-lute pressure. Note that it is possible to have a negative gauge pressure.

- H -

Helical Buckling

The point where a section of CT begins to form a helix in the well casing. In a vertical well, helical buckling begins as soon as any compressive load is applied. The helix introduces additional bending stresses and friction, which can lead to lockup.

Helical Buckling Load

The amount of force required to reach helical bucking.

Hoop Stress

The stress around the circumference of the CT due to inner and outer pres-sure.

The hoop stress is part of the Von Mises Stress.

31


- I -

Inclination

The inclination in well survey data is the angle, in degrees, between the well axis and the vertical axis at a given depth. A vertical section of well has an inclination of 0 degrees. A horizontal section of well has an inclination of 90 degrees.

- K -

Kill Line

* A high-pressure line between the pumps and some point below a well con-trol component. This line allows fluids to be pumped into the well or annu-lus with the well control component closed.

- L -

Lockup Depth

The depth, if any, at which the increased drag due to helical buckling causes the downhole end of the tubing to stop moving into the well, even though tub-ing may still be entering the well at the surface. If this occurs, the bottom of the well cannot be reached and the job cannot be performed with the existing configuration.

- M -

Measured Depth

The current depth of the tubing following the trajectory of the well as indi-cated by the depth counter at the surface. The actual depth may be slightly less due to buckling. Note that measured depth is different from True Vertical Depth.

Minimum Wall

The minimum wall is the smallest allowable thickness for a given nominal wall according to the manufacturer's specifications. Although the actual wall thickness will in most cases be greater, for critical calculation purposes, the minimum wall thickness is used to ensure that a worst-case scenario is con-sidered.

- N -

Newtonian Fluid

Newtonian is the model for fluids exhibiting a linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate. Few oil field fluids are truly Newtonian, but the Newtonian model is the best known and easiest to understand. Fresh water can be modeled as a Newtonian fluid.

32


Nominal Wall

The nominal wall is the target wall thickness sold by the manufacturer and commonly referred to by users. The actual wall size may vary within the plus and minus specifications quoted by the manufacturer.

- P -

Pipe Ram

* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to seal around coiled tubing to close and isolate pressure in the annular space below the rams.

Pipe / Slip Ram

* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to provide the func-tions of both a pipe ram and a slip ram in one ram body.

Plug Valve

* A valve whose mechanism consists of a plug with a hole through it on the same axis as the direction of fluid flow. Turning the plug 90 degrees opens or closes the valve. The valve may or may not be full-opening.

POOH

An abbreviation for "pulling out of hole".

Position

Position on a string is the distance measured from the reel core end to the point in question. The reel core end is at position zero. Position is not related to depth, although depth is measured from the free end of a string.

Power Fluid

* Pressurized hydraulic fluid dedicated to the direct operation of functions.

Power Law Fluid

Power law is the model for fluids exhibiting a non-linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate. Many oil field fluids, both water-based muds and hydrocarbons, are modeled using the Power Law.

Precharge

* An initial nitrogen charge in an accumulator which is further compressed when the hydraulic fluid is pumped into the accumulator storing potential energy.

Pressure Test, well control component

* The process of performing an internal pressure test on the well control component or well control stack.

33


Primary Barrier

* The primary barrier is the means which allows the coiled tubing service to be performed in underbalanced conditions. Since coiled tubing service units are designed to operate with surface well pressure present, the pri-mary barrier is the well control stack.

- R -

Radial Stress

The stress through the CT wall due to inner and outer pressure.

The radial stress is part of the Von Mises Stress.Reel Back Tension

The tension maintained at the reel to insure that the tubing on the reel does not uncoil or become slack.

Reel back tension only affects the surface weight calculation, not the downhole forces, since the tubing is held at the injector.

Regulator (pressure)

* A hydraulic device that reduces upstream supply pressure to a desired (regulated) pressure. It may be manual or remotely operated and, once set, will automatically maintain the regulated output pressure unless reset to a different pressure.

RIH

An abbreviation for "running in hole".

RTKB

RTKB (Rotary Table Kelly Bushing) is the depth reference typically used by conventional drilling rigs when they drill a well.

- S -

Secondary Barrier

* The secondary barrier is the means which provides a contingency for main-taining well control in the event the primary barrier is unable to function properly. For coiled tubing service units, the secondary barrier may include additional surface well control components or kill weight fluids.

Section

A CT string is divided into sections which have different physical properties, such as different wall sizes.

Shear Ram

* The rams in a well control stack which arc; designed to shear the coiled tubing located directly across the ram position.

34


Shear / Seal Ram

* The rams in a well control stack which are designed to provide the func-tions of both a shear ram and a blind ram in one ram body.

Shipping Spool

A shipping spool is a spool used to hold a CT string for shipping purposes only, and is not used for a job like a work reel.

Shut-off Valve

* A valve that closes a hydraulic or pneumatic supply line.

Sinusoidal Buckling

The CT snaking back and forth in the form of a sine wave. Also called snake buckling. Sinusoidal buckling is not critical and does not affect tubing forces calculations.

Sinusoidal Buckling Load

The compressive axial force at which the CT begins sinusoidal buckling.

Slip Ram

* The rams in a well control stack which are equipped with tubing slips that, when engaged, prevent movement of the coiled tubing but do not isolate pressure or control flow.

Snubbing

* Condition for working coiled tubing through an energized stripper, where wellbore pressure applied against the cross-sectional area of the tube cre-ates an upward acting force greater than the weight of the tubing in the wellbore. In this condition mechanical assistance is required to apply thrust to the tubing while injecting or to maintain control of the tubing when extracting. This condition is commonly called pipe-light operations.

Stored Hydraulic Fluid Volume

* The fluid volume recoverable from the accumulator system between the maximum designed accumulator operating pressure and the precharge pressure.

String

* The makeup of a specific length of coiled tubing used for well intervention.

Stripper

* A device with a resilient elastomeric element used to effect a seal in the annulus. This device is used primarily to isolate well pressure from the atmosphere when injecting or extracting the coiled tubing in pressurized wellbores.

35


Stripper Friction

The frictional force caused by the compression of the stripper packing ele-ments on the tubing. This friction always acts in the opposite direction of the tubing movement. Although variable, it is usually assumed to lie in the range of 300 to 1,000 pounds of force.

Stripping

* Condition for working coiled tubing through an energized stripper where wellbore pressure applied against the cross-sectional area of the tube cre-ates an upward acting force less than the weight of the tubing in the well-bore. In this condition mechanical assistance is required to support the tensile load of the tubing and maintain control when injecting or extracting. This condition is commonly called pipe-heavy operations.

Surface Weight

The weight measured at the surface as the CT is run into and out of the well. This weight should not exceed approximately 80% of the tensile force required to yield the CT.

System Pressure Test

* The integrity test used to verify the ability of the pipe and pressure contain-ment equipment in the service to maintain a pressure seal.

- T -

Target Depth

Most hydraulics calculations are performed with a particular CT depth in mind. This depth is the target depth.

Tensile Strength

* The maximum tensile stresses which a material is capable of sustaining. Tensile strength is calculated from the maximum load during a tension test carried to rupture and the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.

Tension

When a portion of a CT string is being pulled, it is in tension.

Tension is the opposite of compression.

Tool

A single component in a tool string, such as a connector, nozzle, or packer.

Tool String

A tool string is a bottom hole assembly (BHA). It is composed of tools.

Trip

One trip is the string running into and out of the hole.

36


True Vertical Depth

The vertical distance from the surface to a point in the well.

- U -

Usable Hydraulic Pressure

* The hydraulic fluid volume, which can be recovered from the accumulator system between the maximum designed-accumulator operating pressure and the minimum operating pressure.

Used Life

Used life of a work string comes from accumulated fatigue and derating. The used life of a work string is represented by a percentage. A new string has 0% used life. A work string should be retired or repaired before it reaches too high a used life.

- V -

Von Mises Stress

The Von Mises stress (σvm) is a common method for describing the yielding of steel under combined states of stress. It includes the influences of axial stress (σa), radial stress (σr), and hoop stress (σh).

- W -

Wall Reduction

The reduction in wall thickness due to exposure to service conditions such as acid jobs and sand abrasion.

Work Reel

A work reel is a reel you use for an actual job, as opposed to a shipping spool, which is only used for shipping or storage.

Work String

A work string is a CT string which is actively used in coiled tubing operations. When a work string accumulates too much fatigue, it may be retired and used for other purposes.

- Y -

Yield Strength

* The stress at which a material exhibits a specified strain.

( ) ( ) ( )[ ]222

21

hrharavm σσσσσσσ −+−+−=

37


Young's Modulus

The modulus of elasticity of the material. Young's Modulus is a measurement of how elastic a material is, or how much a material can bend and still return to its original shape. Young's Modulus for steel is 30,000,000 psi.

- Z -

Zero Depth Datum

The point from which depth is measured at the wellsite (depth = 0). This may be the Master Valve, ground level, RTKB, at the reel, or any other user spec-ified position.

Zone

You use zones to flag portions of a CT string and to manually derate fatigue life.

* As per the API Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition, December 1996

38

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ILE

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UB

ING

HA

ND

BO

OK

PIPE DATA TABLES & CHARTS

Pipe Sizes, Volumes & Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Coiled Tubing Volumes & Displacements .................................... 2Tubing Sizes, Volumes & Displacements..................................... 6Casing Sizes & Volumes .............................................................. 10Drill Pipe Sizes & Volumes........................................................... 20Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing ................... 24Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing................... 30Annular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing ................................ 54

Coiled Tubing Performance Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Grade 70 ...................................................................................... 3Grade 80 ...................................................................................... 13Grade 90 ...................................................................................... 22Grade 100 .................................................................................... 32Grade 110 .................................................................................... 42Grade 120 .................................................................................... 51

Drill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Drill Pipe Yield Strength ............................................................... 3Used Drill Pipe Yield Strength ...................................................... 7Drill Pipe Pressure........................................................................ 11Used Drill Pipe Pressure .............................................................. 15

Nitrogen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Calculations.................................................................................. 1Nitrogen Compressibility Factor ................................................... 4Volume Factor - Low Pressure..................................................... 5Volume Factor - Medium Pressure............................................... 6Volume Factor - High Pressure .................................................... 7Volume Factor High Temperature ................................................ 8Pressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen ................................ 9

Coiled Tubing Stress Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1External Pressure Multiplier ........................................................ 5Compressive Load Multiplier ....................................................... 9Internal Pressure Multiplier .......................................................... 13

Coiled Tubing Fatigue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Varying Materials.......................................................................... 2Varying Failure Criterion............................................................... 2Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.00" - 1.75" ......................................... 3Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.50" - 2.375" ....................................... 3Coiled Tubing Diameters 2.00" - 4.50" ......................................... 4Varying Wall Thickness ................................................................ 4

CO

ILE

D T

UB

ING

HA

ND

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Varying Reel Diameter ................................................................. 5Varying Guide Arch Radius .......................................................... 5

Depth Correction & Stuck Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Plastic Stretch ............................................................................. 7Elongation Due to Pressure - Poisson Effect ............................... 42Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling ............................... 48

Helical Lockup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Horizontal Reach.......................................................................... 2Maximum Weight.......................................................................... 9

Catastrophic Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Catastrophic Buckling .................................................................. 3

Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Straight Tubing ............................................................................. 7







CT OD = 1.75 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.109 in. & 0.156 inReeled Tubing .............................................................................. 21









CT OD = 3.5 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.188 in. & 0.203 in.

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsPipe Sizes, Volumes & Displacements

Pipe Data Tables & Charts

Pipe Sizes, Volumes & DisplacementsThe following tables contain the sizes, volumes and displacements for casing, tubing, drill pipe and coiled tubing. “Tubing” in these tables refers to production tubing. Additional tables give the annular volumes for CT inside of casing, CT inside of tubing and tubing inside of casing. Upsets and couplings are not considered in these calculations.

EquationsThe following equations are used to calculate the volume in any consistent units. The vol-ume must them be converted to the units shown in the tables.

The internal volume is:

The displaced volume (referred to as “displacement” in the tables) is:

The annular volume between two pipes is:

Nomenclature

dI = internal diameter of the pipedo = external diameter of the pipedI-o = internal diameter of the outer pipedo-I = external diameter of the inner pipeVa = annular volume between two pipesVI = internal volume of the pipeVo = external volume of the pipe

2 20.78544i i iV d dπ= =

2 20.78544o o oV d dπ= =

( ) ( )2 2 2 20.78544a i o o i i o o iV d d d dπ

− − − −= − = −

1

Pipe Data Tables & C

hartsPipe Sizes, Volum

es & Displacem

ents

anchor

Coiled Tubing Volumes & Displacements

l Volume External Displacement

ftper

meterper 1000 ft

permeter

bbls liters ft³ gal bbls liters

0.663 0.3457 5.454 40.80 0.971 0.50670.637 0.3325 5.454 40.80 0.971 0.50670.615 0.3211 5.454 40.80 0.971 0.50670.594 0.3099 5.454 40.80 0.971 0.5067

1.125 0.5867 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79171.091 0.5693 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79171.063 0.5544 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79171.035 0.5397 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79170.999 0.5210 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79170.971 0.5067 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79170.937 0.4886 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79170.895 0.4670 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79170.855 0.4458 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.79170.787 0.4104 8.522 63.75 1.518 0.7917

1.667 0.8696 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14011.632 0.8511 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14011.596 0.8328 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14011.552 0.8096 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14011.518 0.7917 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14011.557 0.8121 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14011.474 0.7691 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14011.422 0.7419 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.1401

2

OutsideDiameter

WallThickness(Nominal)

Area Interna

Wall Internal per 1000

in mm in mm in² mm² in² mm² ft³ gal

1.000 25.40 0.087 2.210 0.250 161.0 0.536 345.7 3.721 27.84 0.095 2.413 0.270 174.3 0.515 332.5 3.578 26.77 0.102 2.591 0.288 185.6 0.498 321.1 3.456 25.85 0.109 2.769 0.305 196.8 0.480 309.9 3.335 24.95

1.250 31.75 0.087 2.210 0.318 205.1 0.909 586.7 6.315 47.240.095 2.413 0.345 222.4 0.882 569.3 6.128 45.840.102 2.591 0.368 237.3 0.859 554.4 5.967 44.640.109 2.769 0.391 252.1 0.836 539.7 5.809 43.450.118 2.997 0.420 270.7 0.808 521.0 5.608 41.950.125 3.175 0.442 .285.0 0.785 506.7 5.454 40.800.134 3.404 0.470 303.1 0.757 488.6 5.260 39.340.145 3.683 0.503 324.7 0.724 467.0 5.027 37.600.156 3.962 0.536 345.9 0.691 445.8 4.799 35.900.175 4.445 0.591 381.3 0.636 410.4 4.418 33.05

1.500 38.10 0.095 2.413 0.419 270.5 1.348 869.6 9.360 70.020.102 2.591 0.448 289.0 1.319 851.1 9.161 68.530.109 2.769 0.476 307.3 1.291 832.8 8.964 67.060.118 2.997 0.512 330.5 1.255 809.6 8.714 65.190.125 3.175 0.540 348.4 1.227 791.7 8.522 63.750.117 2.972 0.508 328.0 1.259 812.1 8.742 65.390.134 3.404 0.575 371.0 1.192 769.1 8.278 61.930.145 3.683 0.617 398.2 1.150 741.9 7.985 59.74



es & Displacem

ents

3

0.7151 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.14010.6701 12.272 91.80 2.186 1.1401

1.1893 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.55181.1615 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.55181.1401 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.55181.1129 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.55181.0801 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.55181.0478 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.55180.9931 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.55180.9566 16.703 124.95 2.975 1.5518

1.6091 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.02681.5767 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.02681.5518 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.02681.5200 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.02681.4817 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.02681.4438 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.02681.3795 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.02681.3364 21.817 163.20 3.886 2.0268

2.2881 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.85812.2495 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.85812.2028 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.8581

External Displacement

permeter

per 1000 ftper

meter

liters ft³ gal bbls liters

0.156 3.962 0.659 425.0 1.108 715.1 7.698 57.58 1.3710.175 4.445 0.728 470.0 1.039 670.1 7.213 53.96 1.285

1.750 44.45 0.109 2.769 0.562 362.5 1.843 1189.3 12.801 95.76 2.2800.118 2.997 0.605 390.3 1.800 1161.5 12.502 93.52 2.2270.125 3.175 0.638 411.7 1.767 1140.1 12.272 91.80 2.1860.134 3.404 0.680 438.9 1.725 1112.9 11.979 89.61 2.1330.145 3.683 0.731 471.7 1.674 1080.1 11.626 86.97 2.0710.156 3.962 0.781 504.0 1.624 1047.8 11.278 84.37 2.0090.175 4.445 0.866 558.6 1.539 993.1 10.690 79.97 1.9040.188 4.775 0.923 595.2 1.483 956.6 10.297 77.03 1.834

2.000 50.80 0.109 2.769 0.648 417.8 2.494 1609.1 17.320 129.56 3.0850.118 2.997 0.698 450.1 2.444 1576.7 16.972 126.96 3.0230.125 3.175 0.736 475.0 2.405 1551.8 16.703 124.95 2.9750.134 3.404 0.786 506.8 2.356 1520.0 16.362 122.39 2.9140.145 3.683 0.845 545.2 2.297 1481.7 15.948 119.30 2.8400.156 3.962 0.904 583.0 2.238 1443.8 15.541 116.25 2.7680.175 4.445 1.003 647.3 2.138 1379.5 14.849 111.08 2.6450.188 4.775 1.070 690.5 2.071 1336.4 14.385 107.60 2.562

2.375 60.33 0.125 3.175 0.884 570.0 3.547 2288.1 24.629 184.24 4.3860.134 3.404 0.943 608.6 3.487 2249.5 24.213 181.13 4.3120.145 3.683 1.016 655.4 3.414 2202.8 23.710 177.37 4.223


OutsideDiameter


Area Internal Volume

Wall Internal per 1000 ft

in mm in mm in² mm² in² mm² ft³ gal bbls



es & Displacem

ents

4.134 2.1565 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.85813.983 2.0778 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.85813.882 2.0248 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.85813.766 1.9645 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.85813.518 1.8350 30.765 230.14 5.479 2.8581

5.479 2.8581 37.583 281.14 6.693 3.49155.396 2.8150 37.583 281.14 6.693 3.49155.197 2.7109 37.583 281.14 6.693 3.49155.028 2.6225 37.583 281.14 6.693 3.49154.913 2.5629 37.583 281.14 6.693 3.49154.783 2.4950 37.583 281.14 6.693 3.4915

6.491 3.3859 45.082 337.24 8.029 4.18836.381 3.3285 45.082 337.24 8.029 4.18836.193 3.2306 45.082 337.24 8.029 4.18836.066 3.1644 45.082 337.24 8.029 4.18835.922 3.0889 45.082 337.24 8.029 4.18835.609 2.9259 45.082 337.24 8.029 4.18839.873 5.1498 66.813 499.80 11.899 6.20729.639 5.0278 66.813 499.80 11.899 6.20729.480 4.9451 66.813 499.80 11.899 6.20729.299 4.8506 66.813 499.80 11.899 6.20728.906 4.6459 66.813 499.80 11.899 6.2072


l Volume External Displacement

ftper

meterper 1000 ft

permeter

bbls liters ft³ gal bbls liters

4

0.156 3.962 1.088 701.6 3.343 2156.5 23.213 173.640.175 4.445 1.210 780.3 3.221 2077.8 22.365 167.310.188 4.775 1.292 833.3 3.138 2024.8 21.795 163.040.203 5.156 1.385 893.7 3.045 1964.5 21.146 158.180.236 5.994 1.586 1023.2 2.844 1835.0 19.752 147.75

2.625 66.68 0.125 3.175 0.982 633.4 4.430 2858.1 30.765 230.140.134 3.404 1.049 676.5 4.363 2815.0 30.300 226.660.156 3.962 1.210 780.7 4.202 2710.9 29.180 218.280.175 4.445 1.347 869.0 4.065 2622.5 28.229 211.170.188 4.775 1.439 928.6 3.973 2562.9 27.587 206.370.203 5.156 1.545 996.5 3.867 2495.0 26.856 200.90

2.875 73.03 0.145 3.683 1.244 802.3 5.248 3385.9 36.446 272.630.156 3.962 1.333 859.7 5.159 3328.5 35.828 268.010.175 4.445 1.484 957.7 5.007 3230.6 34.774 260.120.188 4.775 1.587 1023.9 4.905 3164.4 34.061 254.800.203 5.156 1.704 1099.4 4.788 3088.9 33.248 248.710.236 5.994 1.957 1262.3 4.535 2925.9 31.495 235.60

3.500 88.90 0.156 3.962 1.639 1057.3 7.982 5149.8 55.432 414.660.175 4.445 1.828 1179.4 7.793 5027.8 54.119 404.840.188 4.775 1.956 1262.0 7.665 4945.1 53.229 398.180.203 5.156 2.103 1356.5 7.518 4850.6 52.212 390.570.236 5.994 2.420 1561.3 7.201 4645.9 50.008 374.09

OutsideDiameter


Area Interna

Wall Internal per 1000

in mm in mm in² mm² in² mm² ft³ gal



es & Displacem

ents

5

a

8.4845 110.447 826.20 19.671 10.26088.3195 110.447 826.20 19.671 10.26088.1073 110.447 826.20 19.671 10.2608

18.6388 239.386 1790.73 42.635 22.239718.3938 239.386 1790.73 42.635 22.2397

External Displacement

permeter

per 1000 ftper

meter

liters ft³ gal bbls liters

nchor

4.500 114.30 0.204 5.182 2.753 1776.3 13.151 8484.5 91.327 683.17 16.2650.224 5.690 3.009 1941.3 12.895 8319.5 89.550 669.88 15.9490.250 6.350 3.338 2153.5 12.566 8107.3 87.266 652.80 15.542

6.625 168.28 0.280 7.112 5.581 3600.9 28.890 18638.8 200.627 1500.79 35.7320.300 7.620 5.961 3845.9 28.510 18393.8 197.989 1481.06 35.262


OutsideDiameter


Area Internal Volume

Wall Internal per 1000 ft

in mm in mm in² mm² in² mm² ft³ gal bbls



es & Displacem

entsTubing Sizes, Volumes & Displacements

Internal Volume per 1,000 ft

External Displacement per 1,000 ft

ft³ gal bbls ft³ gal bbls

3.70 27.70 0.66 6.01 44.98 1.07 3.00 22.46 0.53 6.01 44.98 1.07

6.00 44.90 1.07 9.43 70.55 1.68 5.00 37.37 0.89 9.43 70.55 1.68

0.84 81.11 1.93 15.03 112.43 2.68 0.39 77.70 1.85 15.03 112.43 2.68 8.94 66.85 1.59 15.07 112.70 2.68

4.85 111.08 2.64 19.69 147.29 3.51 4.14 105.76 2.52 19.69 147.29 3.51 2.27 91.80 2.19 19.69 147.29 3.51

5.21 113.79 2.71 21.82 163.20 3.89

6.72 125.09 2.98 23.21 173.64 4.13

2.72 169.96 4.05 30.76 230.14 5.48 1.71 162.38 3.87 30.76 230.14 5.48 0.51 153.40 3.65 30.76 230.14 5.48 9.01 142.22 3.39 30.76 230.14 5.48 8.73 140.09 3.34 30.76 230.14 5.48 5.82 118.33 2.82 30.76 230.14 5.48

2.50 243.11 5.79 45.08 337.24 8.03

6

English Units

Outside Diameter

NUWeight

EUIJ

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness

Wall AreaInternal

Area

in lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft in in in² in²

1.050 1.14 1.20 1.20 0.824 0.113 0.333 0.533 1.50 1.50 0.742 0.154 0.433 0.432

1.315 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.049 0.133 0.494 0.864 2.25 0.957 0.179 0.639 0.719

2.10 1.410 0.125 0.603 1.561 11.660 2.30 2.40 2.40 1.380 0.140 0.669 1.496 1

3.02 1.280 0.191 0.883 1.287

2.40 1.650 0.125 0.697 2.138 11.900 2.75 2.90 2.90 1.610 0.145 0.799 2.036 1

3.64 1.500 0.200 1.068 1.767 1

2.000 3.40 1.670 0.165 0.951 2.190 1

2.063 3.25 1.751 0.156 0.935 2.408 1

4.00 2.041 0.167 1.158 3.272 2 4.60 4.70 4.70 1.995 0.190 1.304 3.126 2 5.30 1.939 0.218 1.477 2.953 2

2.375 5.80 5.95 1.867 0.254 1.692 2.738 1 6.20 1.853 0.261 1.733 2.697 1 7.70 1.703 0.336 2.152 2.278 1

6.40 6.50 6.50 2.441 0.217 1.812 4.680 3



es & Displacem

ents

7

a

20.17 5.24 45.08 337.24 8.03 08.21 4.96 45.08 337.24 8.03 96.57 4.68 45.08 337.24 8.03 78.39 4.25 45.08 337.24 8.03 73.98 4.14 45.08 337.24 8.03 62.38 3.87 45.08 337.24 8.03

84.03 9.14 66.81 499.80 11.90 65.24 8.70 66.81 499.80 11.90 48.35 8.29 66.81 499.80 11.90 11.70 7.42 66.81 499.80 11.90 08.55 7.35 66.81 499.80 11.90 64.89 6.31 66.81 499.80 11.90 50.94 5.97 66.81 499.80 11.90

13.60 12.23 87.27 652.80 15.54 92.97 11.74 87.27 652.80 15.54 79.45 11.41 87.27 652.80 15.54 55.15 10.84 87.27 652.80 15.54

39.16 15.22 110.45 826.20 19.67 26.95 14.93 110.45 826.20 19.67 97.24 14.22 110.45 826.20 19.67 40.58 12.87 110.45 826.20 19.67

l Volume ,000 ft

External Displacement per 1,000 ft

gal bbls ft³ gal bbls

nchor

2.323 0.276 2.254 4.238 29.43 28.60 8.70 8.70 2.259 0.308 2.484 4.008 27.83 2

2.875 9.50 2.195 0.340 2.708 3.784 26.28 110.70 2.091 0.392 3.058 3.434 23.85 111.00 2.065 0.405 3.143 3.349 23.26 111.65 1.995 0.440 3.366 3.126 21.71 1

7.70 3.068 0.216 2.228 7.393 51.34 39.20 9.30 9.30 2.992 0.254 2.590 7.031 48.83 3

10.20 10.30 2.922 0.289 2.915 6.706 46.57 33.500 12.80 2.764 0.368 3.621 6.000 41.67 3

12.70 12.95 12.95 2.750 0.375 3.682 5.940 41.25 3 15.80 2.548 0.476 4.522 5.099 35.41 2 16.70 2.480 0.510 4.791 4.831 33.55 2

9.50 3.548 0.226 2.680 9.887 68.66 54.000 11.00 11.00 3.476 0.262 3.077 9.490 65.90 4

11.60 3.428 0.286 3.337 9.229 64.09 4 13.40 3.340 0.330 3.805 8.762 60.84 4

12.60 12.75 12.75 3.958 0.271 3.600 12.304 85.44 64.500 13.50 3.920 0.290 3.836 12.069 83.81 6

15.50 3.826 0.337 4.407 11.497 79.84 5 19.20 3.640 0.430 5.498 10.406 72.27 5

Tubing Sizes, Volumes & DisplacementsEnglish Units

Outside Diameter

NUWeight

EUIJ

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness

Wall AreaInternal

AreaInterna

per 1

in lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft in in in² in² ft³



es & Displacem

entsTubing Sizes, Volumes & Displacements

Internal Area

Internal Volume/m

External Displacement/m

mm² Liters Liters

344.042 0.344 0.559278.975 0.279 0.559

557.581 0.558 0.876464.068 0.464 0.876

1007.385 1.007 1.396964.974 0.965 1.396830.190 0.830 1.400

1379.511 1.380 1.8291313.436 1.313 1.8291140.092 1.140 1.829

1413.156 1.413 2.027

1553.566 1.554 2.157

2110.782 2.111 2.8582016.708 2.017 2.8581905.079 1.905 2.8581766.225 1.766 2.8581739.835 1.740 2.8581469.558 1.470 2.858

8

Metric Units

Outside Diameter

NUWeight

EUIJ

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness

Wall Area

mm kg/m kg/m kg/m mm mm mm²

26.670 1.70 1.79 1.79 20.930 2.870 214.603 2.23 2.23 18.847 3.912 279.670

33.401 2.53 2.68 2.68 26.645 3.378 318.630 3.35 24.308 4.547 412.144

3.12 35.814 3.175 388.89842.164 3.42 3.57 3.57 35.052 3.556 431.309

4.49 32.512 4.851 569.460

3.57 41.910 3.175 449.70348.260 4.09 4.32 4.32 40.894 3.683 515.778

5.42 38.100 5.080 689.122

50.800 5.06 42.418 4.191 613.673

52.400 4.84 44.475 3.962 602.966

5.95 51.841 4.242 747.365 6.84 6.99 6.99 50.673 4.826 841.438 7.89 49.251 5.537 953.068

60.325 8.63 8.85 47.422 6.452 1091.922 9.23 47.066 6.629 1118.312 11.46 43.256 8.534 1388.589



es & Displacem

ents

9

a

7 3.019 4.1880 2.734 4.1889 2.586 4.1889 2.441 4.1887 2.215 4.1885 2.161 4.1888 2.017 4.188

7 4.769 6.2078 4.536 6.2071 4.326 6.2071 3.871 6.2075 3.832 6.2079 3.290 6.2074 3.116 6.207

8 6.379 8.1072 6.122 8.1073 5.954 8.1076 5.653 8.107

0 7.938 10.2610 7.786 10.2614 7.417 10.2611 6.714 10.261

l Internal Volume/m

External Displacement/m

Liters Liters

nchor

9.52 9.67 9.67 62.001 5.512 1169.047 3019.20 59.004 7.010 1453.894 2734.36 12.80 12.95 12.95 57.379 7.823 1602.485 2585.76

73.025 14.14 55.753 8.636 1746.925 2441.32 15.92 53.111 9.957 1972.787 2215.46 16.37 52.451 10.287 2027.539 2160.71 17.33 50.673 11.176 2171.546 2016.70

11.46 77.927 5.486 1437.720 4769.44 13.69 13.84 13.84 75.997 6.452 1671.089 4536.07 15.18 15.33 74.219 7.341 1880.856 4326.31

88.900 19.05 70.206 9.347 2336.076 3871.09 18.90 19.27 19.27 69.850 9.525 2375.191 3831.97 23.51 64.719 12.090 2917.468 3289.69 24.85 62.992 12.954 3090.713 3116.45

14.14 90.119 5.740 1728.732 6378.58101.600 16.37 16.37 88.290 6.655 1984.988 6122.33

17.26 87.071 7.264 2152.907 5954.41 19.94 84.836 8.382 2454.694 5652.62

18.75 18.97 18.97 100.533 6.883 2322.867 7937.96114.300 20.09 99.568 7.366 2474.557 7786.27

23.06 97.180 8.560 2843.503 7417.32 28.57 92.456 10.922 3547.155 6713.67

Tubing Sizes, Volumes & DisplacementsMetric Units

Outside Diameter

NUWeight

EUIJ

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness

Wall AreaInterna

Area

mm kg/m kg/m kg/m mm mm mm² mm²



es & Displacem

entsCasing Sizes & Volumes

Internal Volume

per meter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness

Liters mm kg/m mm mm

8 6.592 101.6 8.41 91.6 4.9919 6.207 14.14 88.9 6.3505 5.954 17.26 87.1 7.264

6 9.007 114.3 10.04 107.1 3.6079 8.476 14.14 103.9 5.2079 8.319 15.62 102.9 5.6905 8.213 16.37 102.3 6.0202 8.107 17.26 101.6 6.3507 7.938 18.75 100.5 6.8837 7.786 20.09 99.6 7.3669 7.417 22.47 97.2 8.5609 7.141 24.70 95.4 9.4747 6.926 26.34 93.9 10.1980 6.714 27.97 92.5 10.922

0 9.650 120.7 14.14 110.8 4.9026 8.443 23.81 103.7 8.4842 8.107 26.78 101.6 9.525

1 11.174 127.0 11.90 119.3 3.8619 10.536 17.11 115.8 5.5888 10.233 19.34 114.1 6.4264 9.846 22.32 112.0 7.518

10

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal

AreaInternal Volume per 1000 ft

in lb/ft in in in² ft³ gal bbls

4.000 5.65 3.607 0.197 10.218 70.961 530.83 12.639.50 3.500 0.250 9.621 66.813 499.80 11.8911.60 3.428 0.286 9.229 64.093 479.45 11.41

4.500 6.75 4.216 0.142 13.960 96.946 725.20 17.26 9.50 4.090 0.205 13.138 91.238 682.50 16.24

10.50 4.052 0.224 12.895 89.550 669.88 15.9411.00 4.026 0.237 12.730 88.405 661.31 15.7411.60 4.000 0.250 12.566 87.266 652.80 15.5412.60 3.958 0.271 12.304 85.443 639.16 15.2113.50 3.920 0.290 12.069 83.811 626.95 14.9215.10 3.826 0.337 11.497 79.839 597.24 14.2116.60 3.754 0.373 11.068 76.863 574.97 13.6817.70 3.697 0.402 10.735 74.546 557.65 13.2718.80 3.640 0.430 10.406 72.265 540.58 12.87

4.750 9.50 4.364 0.193 14.958 103.872 777.01 18.50 16.00 4.082 0.334 13.087 90.881 679.84 16.18 18.00 4.000 0.375 12.566 87.266 652.80 15.54

5.000 8.00 4.696 0.152 17.320 120.277 899.74 21.4211.50 4.560 0.220 16.331 113.411 848.38 20.1913.00 4.494 0.253 15.862 110.152 824.00 19.6115.00 4.408 0.296 15.261 105.977 792.76 18.87



es & Displacem

ents

11

5 26.78 108.6 9.1950 30.21 106.3 10.3632 30.95 105.6 10.7194 31.25 105.5 10.7447 34.52 102.7 12.1417 36.01 101.6 12.700

86 133.4 12.65 125.6 3.88697 14.88 124.1 4.62319 19.34 121.1 6.12147 23.81 118.1 7.645

59 139.7 13.39 131.9 3.91292 19.34 128.1 5.79129 20.83 127.3 6.19836 22.32 126.3 6.68016 23.06 125.7 6.98526 25.30 124.3 7.72268 29.76 121.4 9.16951 34.22 118.6 10.54129 37.20 116.3 11.68481 38.69 115.5 12.090

80 146.1 20.83 134.4 5.84249 25.30 131.8 7.112

nal me eter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness

rs mm kg/m mm mm

18.00 4.276 0.362 14.360 99.725 745.99 17.761 9.2620.30 4.184 0.408 13.749 95.480 714.24 17.005 8.8720.80 4.156 0.422 13.566 94.206 704.71 16.778 8.7521.00 4.154 0.423 13.553 94.115 704.03 16.762 8.7423.20 4.044 0.478 12.844 89.197 667.24 15.886 8.2824.20 4.000 0.500 12.566 87.266 652.80 15.542 8.10

5.250 8.50 4.944 0.153 19.198 133.317 997.28 23.744 12.3

10.00 4.886 0.182 18.750 130.207 974.02 23.190 12.013.00 4.768 0.241 17.855 123.994 927.54 22.083 11.516.00 4.648 0.301 16.968 117.831 881.44 20.986 10.9

5.500 9.00 5.192 0.154 21.172 147.027 1,099.84 26.185 13.613.00 5.044 0.228 19.982 138.764 1,038.03 24.714 12.814.00 5.012 0.244 19.729 137.009 1,024.90 24.401 12.715.00 4.974 0.263 19.431 134.939 1,009.42 24.033 12.515.50 4.950 0.275 19.244 133.640 999.70 23.801 12.417.00 4.892 0.304 18.796 130.527 976.41 23.247 12.120.00 4.778 0.361 17.930 124.514 931.43 22.176 11.523.00 4.670 0.415 17.129 118.949 889.80 21.185 11.025.00 4.580 0.460 16.475 114.409 855.84 20.376 10.626.00 4.548 0.476 16.245 112.815 843.92 20.092 10.4

5.750 14.00 5.290 0.230 21.979 152.630 1,141.75 27.183 14.117.00 5.190 0.280 21.156 146.914 1,098.99 26.165 13.6

Casing Sizes & Volumes

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal


InterVolu

per m

in lb/ft in in in² ft³ gal bbls Lite



es & Displacem

ents

7 13.128 29.76 129.3 8.3828 12.617 33.48 126.7 9.6528 12.116 37.50 124.2 10.922

1 16.302 152.4 15.62 144.1 4.1661 16.004 17.86 142.7 4.8261 15.462 22.32 140.3 6.0454 15.328 23.81 139.7 6.3503 15.050 25.30 138.4 6.9858 14.907 26.78 137.8 7.3154 14.514 29.76 135.9 8.2302 13.913 34.22 133.1 9.6524 13.387 38.69 130.6 10.922

5 20.028 168.3 17.86 159.7 4.2935 19.825 19.34 158.9 4.6991 19.072 25.30 155.8 6.2233 18.541 29.76 153.6 7.3152 18.175 32.74 152.1 8.0775 17.764 35.71 150.4 8.9410 17.370 38.69 148.7 9.7796 16.993 41.66 147.1 10.5929 16.817 43.15 146.3 10.9734 16.319 47.62 144.1 12.0658 15.862 50.59 142.1 13.081


Internal Volume

per meter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness


12

20.00 5.090 0.330 20.348 141.307 1,057.05 25.1622.50 4.990 0.380 19.556 135.809 1,015.92 24.1825.20 4.890 0.430 18.781 130.420 975.61 23.22

6.000 10.50 5.672 0.164 25.268 175.469 1,312.60 31.2512.00 5.620 0.190 24.806 172.266 1,288.64 30.6815.00 5.524 0.238 23.966 166.431 1,244.99 29.6416.00 5.500 0.250 23.758 164.988 1,234.20 29.3817.00 5.450 0.275 23.328 162.002 1,211.86 28.8518.00 5.424 0.288 23.106 160.460 1,200.32 28.5720.00 5.352 0.324 22.497 156.228 1,168.67 27.8223.00 5.240 0.380 21.565 149.758 1,120.27 26.6726.00 5.140 0.430 20.750 144.097 1,077.92 25.66

6.625 12.00 6.287 0.169 31.044 215.583 1,612.67 38.3913.00 6.255 0.185 30.729 213.394 1,596.30 38.0017.00 6.135 0.245 29.561 205.285 1,535.64 36.5620.00 6.049 0.288 28.738 199.570 1,492.88 35.5422.00 5.989 0.318 28.171 195.630 1,463.42 34.8424.00 5.921 0.352 27.535 191.213 1,430.37 34.0526.00 5.855 0.385 26.924 186.974 1,398.66 33.3028.00 5.791 0.417 26.339 182.909 1,368.25 32.5729.00 5.761 0.432 26.067 181.019 1,354.11 32.2332.00 5.675 0.475 25.294 175.654 1,313.99 31.2834.00 5.595 0.515 24.586 170.737 1,277.20 30.40

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal





es & Displacem

ents

13

40 177.8 19.34 165.6 6.09659 25.30 166.1 5.86720 29.76 164.0 6.90942 32.74 162.5 7.64535 34.22 161.7 8.05242 35.71 160.9 8.43358 38.69 159.4 9.19566 41.66 157.8 9.98277 43.15 157.1 10.36390 44.64 156.3 10.74418 47.62 154.8 11.50635 50.14 153.6 12.09085 50.59 153.4 12.19266 52.08 152.5 12.64941 52.53 152.4 12.70058 56.54 150.4 13.71658 59.52 148.2 14.78363 61.01 147.8 14.98679 65.47 145.3 16.256

29 193.7 21.95 184.5 4.59723 29.76 181.0 6.35006 35.71 178.4 7.62058 39.28 177.5 8.065

nal me eter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness

rs mm kg/m mm mm

7.000 13.00 6.520 0.240 33.388 231.858 1,734.42 41.294 21.517.00 6.538 0.231 33.572 233.140 1,744.01 41.522 21.620.00 6.456 0.272 32.735 227.329 1,700.54 40.487 21.122.00 6.398 0.301 32.150 223.263 1,670.12 39.763 20.723.00 6.366 0.317 31.829 221.035 1,653.46 39.366 20.524.00 6.336 0.332 31.530 218.956 1,637.91 38.996 20.326.00 6.276 0.362 30.935 214.829 1,607.03 38.261 19.928.00 6.214 0.393 30.327 210.606 1,575.44 37.509 19.529.00 6.184 0.408 30.035 208.577 1,560.26 37.148 19.330.00 6.154 0.423 29.744 206.558 1,545.16 36.788 19.1

32.00 6.094 0.453 29.167 202.550 1,515.18 36.074 18.833.70 6.048 0.476 28.729 199.504 1,492.39 35.532 18.534.00 6.040 0.480 28.653 198.976 1,488.45 35.438 18.435.00 6.004 0.498 28.312 196.611 1,470.76 35.016 18.235.30 6.000 0.500 28.274 196.350 1,468.80 34.970 18.238.00 5.920 0.540 27.525 191.148 1,429.89 34.044 17.740.00 5.836 0.582 26.750 185.762 1,389.60 33.084 17.241.00 5.820 0.590 26.603 184.745 1,381.99 32.903 17.144.00 5.720 0.640 25.697 178.451 1,334.91 31.782 16.5

7.625 14.75 7.263 0.181 41.431 287.713 2,152.24 51.242 26.720.00 7.125 0.250 39.871 276.884 2,071.23 49.313 25.724.00 7.025 0.300 38.760 269.166 2,013.50 47.938 25.026.40 6.990 0.318 38.375 266.491 1,993.49 47.462 24.7


Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal


InterVolu

per m




es & Displacem

ents

3 23.950 44.19 174.6 9.5256 23.190 50.14 171.8 10.9221 22.780 53.57 170.3 11.6842 22.442 56.54 169.0 12.3195 22.240 58.03 168.3 12.7009 21.048 66.96 163.7 14.9864 20.982 67.41 163.4 15.113

2 21.805 196.9 68.60 166.6 15.113

1 29.483 203.2 23.81 193.8 4.7249 28.716 29.76 191.2 5.9942 27.642 38.69 187.6 7.798

2 28.388 206.4 41.66 190.1 8.1288 27.635 47.62 187.6 9.3983 26.892 52.82 185.0 10.6687 26.158 58.78 182.5 11.9383 25.723 62.50 181.0 12.700

3 33.996 219.1 29.76 208.1 5.5125 33.220 35.71 205.7 6.7063 32.567 41.66 203.6 7.7227 31.792 47.62 201.2 8.9418 31.026 53.57 198.8 10.160


Internal Volume

per meter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness


14

29.70 6.875 0.375 37.122 257.794 1,928.43 45.9133.70 6.765 0.430 35.944 249.611 1,867.22 44.4536.00 6.705 0.460 35.309 245.203 1,834.24 43.6738.00 6.655 0.485 34.785 241.559 1,806.99 43.0239.00 6.625 0.500 34.472 239.386 1,790.73 42.6345.00 6.445 0.590 32.624 226.555 1,694.75 40.3445.30 6.435 0.595 32.523 225.852 1,689.49 40.22

7.75 46.10 6.560 0.595 33.799 234.712 1,755.77 41.80

8 16.00 7.628 0.186 45.699 317.357 2,374.00 56.5220.00 7.528 0.236 44.509 309.091 2,312.16 55.0426.00 7.386 0.307 42.846 297.540 2,225.76 52.99

8.125 28.00 7.485 0.320 44.002 305.570 2,285.82 54.42 32.00 7.385 0.370 42.834 297.460 2,225.15 52.97 35.50 7.285 0.420 41.682 289.459 2,165.30 51.55 39.50 7.185 0.470 40.546 281.566 2,106.26 50.14

42.00 7.125 0.500 39.871 276.884 2,071.23 49.31

8.625 20.00 8.191 0.217 52.694 365.933 2,737.37 65.1724.00 8.097 0.264 51.492 357.582 2,674.90 63.6828.00 8.017 0.304 50.479 350.551 2,622.30 62.4332.00 7.921 0.352 49.278 342.206 2,559.88 60.9436.00 7.825 0.400 48.090 333.961 2,498.20 59.47

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal





es & Displacem

ents

15

31 56.54 197.5 10.79538 59.52 196.2 11.43062 63.98 194.3 12.37060 65.47 193.7 12.70084 71.42 191.4 13.81886 72.91 190.8 14.148

45 222.3 73.95 194.0 14.148

23 228.6 50.59 210.6 9.01738 56.54 208.2 10.21157 59.52 207.0 10.79589 66.96 204.0 12.29404 74.70 200.9 13.84323 81.84 198.4 15.088

20 244.5 43.60 230.2 7.13752 48.06 228.6 7.92526 53.57 226.6 8.94101 56.54 225.7 9.39852 59.52 224.4 10.03331 62.50 223.5 10.49039 64.73 222.4 11.04985 69.94 220.5 11.98912 79.61 216.8 13.843

nal me eter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness

rs mm kg/m mm mm

38.00 7.775 0.425 47.478 329.707 2,466.38 58.721 30.640.00 7.725 0.450 46.869 325.480 2,434.76 57.968 30.243.00 7.651 0.487 45.975 319.274 2,388.34 56.863 29.644.00 7.625 0.500 45.664 317.108 2,372.13 56.477 29.448.00 7.537 0.544 44.616 309.831 2,317.69 55.181 28.749.00 7.511 0.557 44.308 307.697 2,301.73 54.801 28.5

8.75 49.70 7.636 0.557 45.795 318.024 2,378.98 56.640 29.5

9 34.00 8.290 0.355 53.976 374.832 2,803.94 66.758 34.838.00 8.196 0.402 52.759 366.380 2,740.71 65.252 34.040.00 8.150 0.425 52.168 362.279 2,710.03 64.522 33.645.00 8.032 0.484 50.668 351.864 2,632.13 62.667 32.650.20 7.910 0.545 49.141 341.256 2,552.77 60.778 31.755.00 7.812 0.594 47.931 332.853 2,489.91 59.281 30.9

9.625 29.30 9.063 0.281 64.511 447.993 3,351.22 79.788 41.632.30 9.001 0.312 63.631 441.885 3,305.53 78.700 41.036.00 8.921 0.352 62.505 434.065 3,247.03 77.307 40.338.00 8.885 0.370 62.002 430.568 3,220.88 76.684 40.040.00 8.835 0.395 61.306 425.736 3,184.73 75.824 39.542.00 8.799 0.413 60.807 422.274 3,158.83 75.207 39.243.50 8.755 0.435 60.201 418.061 3,127.31 74.457 38.847.00 8.681 0.472 59.187 411.024 3,074.67 73.203 38.153.50 8.535 0.545 57.213 397.315 2,972.12 70.762 36.9


Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal


InterVolu

per m




es & Displacem

ents

3 36.052 86.90 214.2 15.1134 35.541 90.92 212.7 15.8757 33.451 106.84 206.4 19.050

7 37.128 247.7 88.09 217.4 15.113

2 37.694 250.8 93.45 219.1 15.875

0 44.620 254.0 49.10 238.4 7.8238 42.888 61.75 233.7 10.1604 42.145 67.70 231.6 11.1762 41.189 75.14 229.0 12.4972 40.208 82.58 226.3 13.8683 39.150 91.06 223.3 15.367

4 52.635 273.1 48.73 258.9 7.0879 52.058 53.20 257.5 7.7982 51.179 60.26 255.3 8.8900 50.165 67.70 252.7 10.1604 49.682 71.42 251.5 10.7706 49.162 75.89 250.2 11.4307 48.505 80.35 248.5 12.2682 48.268 82.58 247.9 12.5735 47.284 90.32 245.4 13.8438 46.310 97.76 242.8 15.113


Internal Volume

per meter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness


16

58.40 8.435 0.595 55.880 388.059 2,902.88 69.1161.10 8.375 0.625 55.088 382.558 2,861.73 68.1371.80 8.125 0.750 51.849 360.059 2,693.43 64.12

9.75 59.20 8.560 0.595 57.549 399.645 2,989.56 71.17

9.875 62.80 8.625 0.625 58.426 405.738 3,035.13 72.26

10 33.00 9.384 0.308 69.162 480.290 3,592.82 85.5441.50 9.200 0.400 66.476 461.640 3,453.30 82.2145.50 9.120 0.440 65.325 453.646 3,393.51 80.7950.50 9.016 0.492 63.844 443.359 3,316.55 78.9655.50 8.908 0.546 62.323 432.801 3,237.57 77.0861.20 8.790 0.605 60.683 421.410 3,152.37 75.05

10.75 32.75 10.192 0.279 81.585 566.560 4,238.17 100.9035.75 10.136 0.307 80.691 560.352 4,191.72 99.7940.50 10.050 0.350 79.327 550.883 4,120.89 98.1145.50 9.950 0.400 77.756 539.975 4,039.29 96.1748.00 9.902 0.424 77.008 534.778 4,000.41 95.2451.00 9.850 0.450 76.201 529.176 3,958.51 94.2454.00 9.784 0.483 75.184 522.108 3,905.64 92.9855.50 9.760 0.495 74.815 519.550 3,886.50 92.5360.70 9.660 0.545 73.290 508.958 3,807.27 90.6465.70 9.560 0.595 71.780 498.475 3,728.85 88.77

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal





es & Displacem

ents

17

50 105.80 240.0 16.51098 113.09 237.5 17.78055 120.53 235.0 19.050

19 279.4 39.80 268.0 5.690

95 298.5 56.54 283.2 7.62052 62.50 281.5 8.45812 69.94 279.4 9.52581 80.35 276.4 11.04996 89.28 273.6 12.42118 96.72 271.3 13.56483 105.65 268.9 14.783

32 301.6 106.84 272.1 14.783

75 304.8 46.87 292.5 6.17267 59.52 289.2 7.823

55 323.9 63.98 308.1 7.87402 78.86 304.0 9.906

45 330.2 54.31 317.0 6.57990 59.52 315.9 7.13709 66.96 313.9 8.128

nal me eter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness

rs mm kg/m mm mm

71.10 9.450 0.650 70.138 487.070 3,643.53 86.747 45.276.00 9.350 0.700 68.661 476.816 3,566.83 84.921 44.281.00 9.250 0.750 67.201 466.671 3,490.94 83.114 43.3

11 26.75 10.552 0.224 87.450 607.291 4,542.85 108.159 56.4

11.75 38.00 11.150 0.300 97.643 678.074 5,072.35 120.765 62.942.00 11.084 0.333 96.490 670.070 5,012.47 119.340 62.247.00 11.000 0.375 95.033 659.953 4,936.79 117.538 61.354.00 10.880 0.435 92.971 645.632 4,829.66 114.987 59.960.00 10.772 0.489 91.134 632.878 4,734.26 112.716 58.765.00 10.682 0.534 89.618 622.347 4,655.48 110.840 57.871.00 10.586 0.582 88.014 611.211 4,572.18 108.857 56.7

11.875 71.80 10.711 0.582 90.105 625.731 4,680.79 111.443 58.1

12 31.50 11.514 0.243 104.122 723.069 5,408.93 128.779 67.140.00 11.384 0.308 101.784 706.834 5,287.48 125.887 65.6

12.75 43.00 12.130 0.310 115.561 802.507 6,003.17 142.927 74.553.00 11.970 0.390 112.533 781.476 5,845.85 139.181 72.6

13 36.50 12.482 0.259 122.365 849.759 6,356.64 151.342 78.940.00 12.438 0.281 121.504 843.779 6,311.90 150.277 78.345.00 12.360 0.320 119.985 833.229 6,232.99 148.398 77.4


Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal


InterVolu

per m




es & Displacem

ents

1 76.436 74.40 312.0 9.1195 75.666 80.35 310.4 9.906

5 81.920 339.7 71.42 323.0 8.3824 80.637 81.10 320.4 9.6523 79.363 90.77 317.9 10.9222 78.100 101.18 315.3 12.1926 77.247 107.13 313.6 13.0564 76.348 114.57 311.8 13.9709 75.110 123.50 309.2 15.2401 74.912 126.48 308.8 15.4433 73.343 136.89 305.6 17.0695 72.202 145.82 303.2 18.263

8 77.159 342.9 121.12 313.4 14.732

8 77.598 346.1 131.24 314.3 15.875

0 92.183 355.6 62.50 342.6 6.5027 90.226 74.40 338.9 8.331

0 105.334 381.0 70.68 366.2 7.391

4 120.108 406.4 78.12 391.1 7.6716 119.781 81.84 390.5 7.938


Internal Volume

per meter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness


18

50.00 12.282 0.359 118.475 822.746 6,154.57 146.5354.00 12.220 0.390 117.282 814.460 6,092.58 145.05

13.375 48.00 12.715 0.330 126.976 881.780 6,596.17 157.0454.50 12.615 0.380 124.987 867.964 6,492.82 154.5861.00 12.515 0.430 123.013 854.258 6,390.29 152.1468.00 12.415 0.480 121.055 840.661 6,288.58 149.7272.00 12.347 0.514 119.733 831.477 6,219.88 148.0877.00 12.275 0.550 118.340 821.808 6,147.55 146.3683.00 12.175 0.600 116.420 808.473 6,047.80 143.9885.00 12.159 0.608 116.114 806.349 6,031.91 143.6192.00 12.031 0.672 113.682 789.461 5,905.58 140.6098.00 11.937 0.719 111.913 777.173 5,813.66 138.41

13.5 81.40 12.340 0.580 119.597 830.535 6,212.83 147.91

13.625 88.20 12.375 0.625 120.276 835.253 6,248.12 148.75

14 42.00 13.488 0.256 142.884 992.253 7,422.57 176.7250.00 13.344 0.328 139.850 971.179 7,264.93 172.96

15 47.50 14.418 0.291 163.268 1,133.803 8,481.43 201.93

16 52.50 15.396 0.302 186.168 1,292.835 9,671.08 230.2555.00 15.375 0.313 185.661 1,289.311 9,644.72 229.62

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal





es & Displacem

ents

19

a

41 96.72 387.4 9.52539 104.16 386.0 10.18517 111.60 384.2 11.11361 124.99 381.3 12.57316 162.19 373.1 16.662

00 457.2 116.06 436.7 10.23658 130.20 434.0 11.58297 143.59 431.4 12.878

01 473.1 108.76 454.0 9.52539 116.06 453.5 9.77934 130.20 451.0 11.04940 143.59 448.4 12.319

32 508.0 133.92 486.8 10.59217 139.87 485.7 11.12521 158.47 482.6 12.70060 197.90 475.7 16.129

35 546.1 153.26 523.5 11.30352 169.63 521.0 12.573

nal me eter

Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

Thickness

rs mm kg/m mm mm

nchor

65.00 15.250 0.375 182.654 1,268.432 9,488.53 225.908 117.870.00 15.198 0.401 181.411 1,259.796 9,423.93 224.370 117.075.00 15.125 0.438 179.672 1,247.723 9,333.62 222.219 115.984.00 15.010 0.495 176.950 1,228.821 9,192.22 218.853 114.1109.00 14.688 0.656 169.440 1,176.665 8,802.06 209.564 109.3

18 78.00 17.194 0.403 232.190 1,612.431 12,061.82 287.174 149.887.50 17.088 0.456 229.336 1,592.612 11,913.56 283.644 147.996.50 16.986 0.507 226.606 1,573.655 11,771.76 280.268 146.1

18.625 73.09 17.875 0.375 250.947 1,742.687 13,036.21 310.373 161.978.00 17.855 0.385 250.386 1,738.790 13,007.05 309.678 161.587.50 17.755 0.435 247.589 1,719.368 12,861.76 306.219 159.796.50 17.655 0.485 244.808 1,700.054 12,717.29 302.780 157.9

20 90.00 19.166 0.417 288.505 2,003.505 14,987.26 356.824 186.194.00 19.124 0.438 287.242 1,994.733 14,921.64 355.262 185.3106.50 19.000 0.500 283.529 1,968.950 14,728.77 350.670 182.9133.00 18.730 0.635 275.528 1,913.388 14,313.13 340.774 177.7

21.5 103.00 20.610 0.445 333.615 2,316.772 17,330.66 412.617 215.2114.00 20.510 0.495 330.386 2,294.345 17,162.89 408.623 213.1


Outside Diameter

WeightInside

DiameterWall

ThicknessInternal


InterVolu

per m




es & Displacem

entsDrill Pipe Sizes & Volumes

al Volume**r 1,000 ft

External Displacement**per 1,000 ft

gal bbls ft3 gal bbls

163.2 3.89 31.6 236.6 5.63 162.4 3.87 31.6 236.6 5.63 134.4 3.20 31.6 236.1 5.62

248.7 5.92 46.4 347.4 8.27 243.1 5.79 46.5 347.9 8.28 220.2 5.24 46.5 347.9 8.28 188.8 4.49 46.5 347.9 8.28

382.8 9.11 68.6 512.8 12.21 365.2 8.70 68.3 510.6 12.16 343.1 8.17 68.8 514.5 12.25 311.7 7.42 68.9 515.1 12.26 276.2 6.58 68.6 513.3 12.22

493.0 11.74 90.1 674.2 16.05 455.1 10.84 89.5 669.3 15.94

652.8 15.54 113.3 847.8 20.19 639.2 15.22 113.6 849.5 20.23 597.2 14.22 113.8 851.2 20.27 540.6 12.87 113.2 846.5 20.15

20

English Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/Couplings

Internal Diameter

Average Area

Internal Area

Internpe

in lb/ft in in2 in2 ft3

2.375 * 4.80 2.000 1.413 3.142 21.8 4.85 1.995 1.428 3.126 21.7

6.65 1.815 1.958 2.587 18.0

2.875 * 6.45 2.469 1.899 4.788 33.2 6.85 2.441 2.017 4.680 32.5

* 8.35 2.323 2.459 4.238 29.4 10.40 2.151 3.062 3.634 25.2

3.500 8.50 3.063 2.503 7.369 51.2 9.50 2.992 2.797 7.031 48.8

* 11.20 2.900 3.298 6.605 45.9 13.30 2.764 3.916 6.000 41.7 15.50 2.602 4.564 5.317 36.9

4.000 11.85 3.476 3.489 9.490 65.9 14.00 3.340 4.122 8.762 60.8

4.500 * 12.75 4.000 3.754 12.566 87.3 * 13.75 3.958 4.049 12.304 85.4

16.60 3.826 4.888 11.497 79.8 20.00 3.640 5.889 10.406 72.3

* Not API Standard.** Assumes constant ID - no internal upsets*** Assumes Internal Volume plus volume of steel



es & Displacem

ents

21

a

18.87 139.2 1,041.3 24.79 17.76 139.6 1,044.3 24.86

22.18 169.3 1,266.4 30.15 21.18 169.5 1,267.6 30.18

24.04 173.8 1,300.5 30.96 22.93 174.2 1,302.9 31.02 21.76 173.8 1,300.2 30.96

35.73 246.0 1,840.4 43.82 34.56 245.6 1,837.2 43.74 32.24 246.3 1,842.1 43.86

47.18 324.7 2,429.0 57.83

59.48 415.8 3,110.1 74.05

** External Displacement**per 1,000 ft

bbls ft3 gal bbls

nchor

5.000 16.25 4.408 4.785 15.261 106.0 792.8 19.50 4.276 5.742 14.360 99.7 746.0

5.500 21.90 4.778 6.449 17.930 124.5 931.4 24.70 4.670 7.273 17.129 118.9 889.8

5.563 19.00 4.975 5.595 19.439 135.0 1,009.8 22.20 4.859 6.537 18.543 128.8 963.3

25.25 4.733 7.435 17.594 122.2 914.0

6.625 22.20 6.065 6.537 28.890 200.6 1,500.8 25.20 5.965 7.420 27.945 194.1 1,451.7

31.90 5.761 9.393 26.067 181.0 1,354.1

7.625 29.25 6.969 8.613 38.144 264.9 1,981.5

8.625 40.00 7.825 11.779 48.090 334.0 2,498.2

Drill Pipe Sizes & VolumesEnglish Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/Couplings

Internal Diameter

Average Area

Internal Area

Internal Volumeper 1,000 ft

in lb/ft in in2 in2 ft3 gal




es & Displacem

entsDrill Pipe Sizes & Volumes

al Volume** er meter

External Displacement** per meter

Liters Liters

2.027 2.9392.017 2.0191.669 1.672

3.089 3.0923.019 3.0222.734 2.7382.344 2.349

4.754 4.7584.536 4.5404.261 4.2663.871 3.8773.431 3.437

6.122 6.1285.653 5.659

8.107 8.1137.938 7.9447.417 7.4256.714 6.722

22

Metric Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Average Steel Area

Internal Area

Internp

mm kg/m mm mm² mm²

60.3 * 7.14 50.80 911.9 2026.87.22 1.995 2.125 2016.7

9.90 1.815 2.914 1669.2

73.0 * 9.60 2.469 2.826 3088.910.19 2.441 3.001 3019.2

* 12.42 2.323 3.659 2734.415.48 2.151 4.557 2344.4

88.9 12.65 3.063 3.724 4753.914.14 2.992 4.162 4536.1

* 16.67 2.900 4.907 4261.419.79 2.764 5.827 3871.123.06 2.602 6.791 3430.6

101.6 17.63 3.476 5.192 6122.320.83 3.340 6.134 5652.6

114.3 * 18.97 4.000 5.587 8107.3* 20.46 3.958 6.025 7938.0

24.70 3.826 7.273 7417.329.76 3.640 8.763 6713.7




es & Displacem

ents

23

a

9.8539.273

11.57711.062

12.55011.97311.362

18.64918.04016.831

24.622

31.044

** External Displacement** per meter

Liters

nchor

127.0 24.18 4.408 7.120 9845.6 9.84629.02 4.276 8.544 9264.7 9.265

139.7 32.59 4.778 9.596 11567.8 11.56836.75 4.670 10.822 11050.7 11.051

141.3 28.27 4.975 8.325 12541.3 12.54133.03 4.859 9.727 11963.3 11.963

37.57 4.733 11.063 11350.9 11.351

168.3 33.03 6.065 9.727 18638.8 18.63937.50 5.965 11.042 18029.3 18.029

47.47 5.761 13.977 16817.2 16.817

193.7 43.52 6.969 12.816 24609.2 24.609

219.1 59.52 7.825 17.526 31026.0 31.026

Drill Pipe Sizes & VolumesMetric Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Average Steel Area

Internal Area

Internal Volumeper meter

mm kg/m mm mm² mm² Liters




es & Displacem

entsAnnular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing

1,000 ft) Coiled Tubing Outside Diameter (inches)

1.750 2.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls bbls bbls

0.003

1.072 0.161 0.891 0.677

24

English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal

DiameterAnnular Volume (barrels per

inNU EU IJ

in1.000 1.250 1.500

lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft bbls bbls bbls

1.050 1.14 1.20 \1.20 0.824 1.50 1.50 0.742

1.315 1.70 1.80 1.80 1.049 0.098 2.25 0.957

2.10 1.410 0.960 0.413 1.660 2.30 2.40 2.40 1.380 0.879 0.332

3.02 1.280 0.620 0.074

2.40 1.650 1.673 1.127 0.459 1.900 2.75 2.90 2.90 1.610 1.547 1.000 0.332

3.64 1.500 1.214 0.668

2.000 3.40 1.670 1.738 1.191 0.523

2.063 3.25 1.751 2.007 1.460 0.793

4.00 2.041 3.075 2.529 1.861 4.60 4.70 4.70 1.995 2.895 2.348 1.681 5.30 1.939 2.681 2.134 1.467

(Upsets & couplings not included)



es & Displacem

ents

25

1.902 0.309 1.356 1.072 0.795 0.362 0.257

5.258 3.664 2.450 1.114 4.810 3.217 2.002 0.667 4.408 2.815 1.600 0.265 3.536 1.942 0.728 3.461 1.867 0.653 2.421 0.827 2.089 0.495

8.343 6.749 5.535 4.199 0.329 7.851 6.258 5.043 3.708

oiled Tubing Outside Diameter (inches)

2.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls bbls

2.375 5.80 5.95 1.867 2.415 1.868 1.200 0.411 6.20 1.853 2.364 1.818 1.150 0.360 7.70 1.703 1.846 1.299 0.632

6.40 6.50 6.50 2.441 4.817 4.270 3.602 2.813 2.323 4.271 3.724 3.056 2.267

8.60 8.70 8.70 2.259 3.986 3.439 2.771 1.982 2.875 9.50 2.195 3.709 3.162 2.495 1.705

10.70 2.091 3.276 2.729 2.062 1.272 11.00 2.065 3.171 2.624 1.957 1.167 11.65 1.995 2.895 2.348 1.681 0.891

7.70 3.068 8.172 7.625 6.958 6.168 9.20 9.30 9.30 2.992 7.725 7.178 6.510 5.721

10.20 10.30 2.922 7.322 6.776 6.108 5.319 3.500 12.80 2.764 6.450 5.903 5.235 4.446

12.70 12.95 12.95 2.750 6.375 5.828 5.160 4.371 15.80 2.548 5.335 4.789 4.121 3.332 16.70 2.480 5.003 4.457 3.789 3.000

9.50 3.548 11.257 10.710 10.042 9.253 4.000 11.00 11.00 3.476 10.765 10.219 9.551 8.762

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of TubingEnglish Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal

DiameterAnnular Volume (barrels per 1,000 ft) C

inNU EU IJ

in1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750

lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft bbls bbls bbls bbls




es & Displacem

ents

8.440 7.529 5.936 4.721 3.386 7.862 6.951 5.357 4.143 2.807

12.243 11.332 9.738 8.524 7.188 3.318 11.952 11.041 9.447 8.233 6.898 3.027 11.245 10.334 8.740 7.526 6.190 2.320 9.896 8.985 7.391 6.177 4.841 0.971

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing

1,000 ft) Coiled Tubing Outside Diameter (inches)

1.750 2.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls bbls bbls

26

anchoranchor

11.60 3.428 10.444 9.897 9.229 13.40 3.340 9.865 9.319 8.651

12.60 12.75 12.75 3.958 14.246 13.700 13.032 4.500 13.50 3.920 13.955 13.409 12.741

15.50 3.826 13.248 12.702 12.034 19.20 3.640 11.899 11.353 10.685

English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal

DiameterAnnular Volume (barrels per

inNU EU IJ

in1.000 1.250 1.500

lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft bbls bbls bbls




es & Displacem

ents

27

Volume (Liters per meter)ing Outside Diameter (mm)

44.5 50.8 60.3 66.7 73.0 88.9

iters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters

0.002

0.559 0.084 0.465 0.353 0.214

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

Weight AnnularCoiled Tub

NU EU IJ 25.4 31.8 38.1

in mm lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m Liters Liters Liters L

1.050 26.670 1.14 1.70 1.20 1.79 1.20 1.79 1.50 2.23 1.50 2.23

1.315 33.401 1.70 2.53 1.80 2.68 1.80 2.68 0.051 2.25 3.35

2.10 3.12 0.500 0.216 1.900 48.260 2.30 3.42 2.40 3.57 2.40 3.57 0.458 0.173

3.02 4.49 0.323 0.038

2.40 3.57 0.872 0.587 0.239 1.900 48.260 2.75 4.09 2.90 4.32 2.90 4.32 0.806 0.521 0.173

3.64 5.42 0.633 0.348

2.000 50.800 3.40 5.06 0.906 0.621 0.273

2.063 52.400 3.25 4.84 1.046 0.761 0.413

4.00 5.95 1.603 1.318 0.970 4.60 6.84 4.70 6.99 4.70 6.99 1.509 1.224 0.876 5.30 7.89 1.398 1.113 0.765

2.375 60.325 5.80 8.63 5.95 8.85 1.259 0.974 0.626 (Upsets & couplings not included)



es & Displacem

ents

0.599 0.188 0.329

1.878 1.467 0.992 0.161 1.593 1.182 0.707 1.445 1.033 0.559 1.301 0.889 0.414 1.075 0.663 0.189 1.020 0.609 0.134 0.876 0.465

3.627 3.216 2.741 1.910 1.277 0.581 3.394 2.983 2.508 1.677 1.044 0.348 3.184 2.773 2.298 1.467 0.834 0.138 2.730 2.318 1.843 1.012 0.379 2.690 2.279 1.804 0.973 0.340 2.148 1.737 1.262 0.431 1.975 1.564 1.089 0.258

5.236 4.824 4.349 3.519 2.885 2.189 0.171 4.980 4.568 4.093 3.262 2.629 1.933 4.812 4.400 3.925 3.095 2.462 1.765

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing

Annular Volume (Liters per meter)oiled Tubing Outside Diameter (mm)

38.1 44.5 50.8 60.3 66.7 73.0 88.9

Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters

28

6.20 9.23 1.232 0.948 7.70 11.46 0.962 0.677

6.40 9.52 6.50 9.67 6.50 9.67 2.511 2.226 2.226 1.942 8.60 12.80 8.70 12.95 8.70 12.95 2.078 1.793

2.875 73.025 9.50 14.14 1.934 1.649 10.70 15.92 1.708 1.423 11.00 16.37 1.653 1.368 11.00 16.37 1.509 1.224

7.70 11.46 4.260 3.976 9.20 13.69 9.30 13.84 9.30 13.84 4.027 3.742 10.20 15.18 10.30 15.33 3.818 3.533

3.500 88.900 12.80 19.05 3.363 3.078 12.70 18.90 12.95 19.27 12.95 19.27 3.323 3.039 15.80 23.51 2.781 2.497 16.70 24.85 2.608 2.323

9.50 14.14 5.869 5.584 4.000 101.600 11.00 16.37 11.00 16.37 5.613 5.328

11.60 17.26 5.445 5.160

Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightC

NU EU IJ 25.4 31.8

in mm lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m Liters Liters




es & Displacem

ents

29

aa

4.099 3.624 2.793 2.160 1.464

6.383 5.908 5.077 4.444 3.748 1.730 6.231 5.756 4.925 4.292 3.596 1.578 5.862 5.388 4.557 3.924 3.227 1.210 5.159 4.684 3.853 3.220 2.524 0.506

Volume (Liters per meter)ing Outside Diameter (mm)

44.5 50.8 60.3 66.7 73.0 88.9

iters Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters

nchornchor

13.40 19.94 5.143 4.858 4.510

12.60 18.75 12.75 18.97 12.75 18.97 7.427 7.142 6.794 4.500 114.300 13.50 20.09 7.276 6.991 6.643

15.50 23.06 6.907 6.622 6.274 19.20 28.57 6.204 5.919 5.571

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Tubing Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

Weight AnnularCoiled Tub

NU EU IJ 25.4 31.8 38.1

in mm lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m Liters Liters Liters L




es & Displacem

entsAnnular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing

(barrels per 1,000 ft)side Diameter (inches)

.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bls bbls bbls bbls bbls

8.753 7.159 5.945 4.609 0.739 8.014 6.420 5.206 3.870 7.529 5.936 4.721 3.386

13.380 11.787 10.573 9.237 5.367 12.364 10.770 9.556 8.220 4.350 12.063 10.470 9.255 7.920 4.049 11.859 10.266 9.051 7.716 3.845 11.657 10.063 8.849 7.513 3.643 11.332 9.738 8.524 7.188 3.318 11.041 9.447 8.233 6.898 3.027 10.334 8.740 7.526 6.190 2.320 9.804 8.210 6.996 5.660 1.790 9.391 7.797 6.583 5.248 1.377 8.985 7.391 6.177 4.841 0.971

14.614 13.020 11.806 10.470 6.600 12.300 10.707 9.492 8.157 4.286 11.657 10.063 8.849 7.513 3.643

17.536 15.942 14.728 13.392 9.522 16.313 14.719 13.505 12.169 8.299

30

English Units

OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in

Annular Volume Coiled Tubing Out

1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2

bbls bbls bbls bbls b

4.000 5.65 3.607 11.667 11.120 10.453 9.663 9.50 3.500 10.928 10.382 9.714 8.925 11.60 3.428 10.444 9.897 9.229 8.440

4.500 6.75 4.216 16.295 15.748 15.080 14.291 9.50 4.090 15.278 14.732 14.064 13.275

10.50 4.052 14.977 14.431 13.763 12.974 11.00 4.026 14.773 14.227 13.559 12.770 11.60 4.000 14.571 14.024 13.357 12.567 12.60 3.958 14.246 13.700 13.032 12.243 13.50 3.920 13.955 13.409 12.741 11.952 15.10 3.826 13.248 12.702 12.034 11.245 16.60 3.754 12.718 12.171 11.504 10.714 17.70 3.697 12.305 11.759 11.091 10.302 18.80 3.640 11.899 11.353 10.685 9.896

4.750 9.50 4.364 17.528 16.982 16.314 15.525 16.00 4.082 15.215 14.668 14.000 13.211 18.00 4.000 14.571 14.024 13.357 12.567

5.000 8.00 4.696 20.450 19.904 19.236 18.447 11.50 4.560 19.227 18.681 18.013 17.224




es & Displacem

ents

31

14.139 12.925 11.589 7.719 13.395 12.181 10.845 6.975 12.282 11.068 9.732 5.862 11.526 10.311 8.976 5.105 11.299 10.085 8.749 4.879 11.283 10.068 8.733 4.862 10.407 9.193 7.857 3.987 10.063 8.849 7.513 3.643

18.264 17.050 15.715 11.844 17.711 16.496 15.161 11.290 16.604 15.390 14.054 10.184 15.506 14.292 12.957 9.086

20.706 19.492 18.156 14.286 19.235 18.020 16.685 12.814 18.922 17.708 16.372 12.502 18.553 17.339 16.004 12.133 18.322 17.108 15.772 11.902 17.768 16.553 15.218 11.347 16.697 15.483 14.147 10.277 15.706 14.494 13.156 9.285

er 1,000 ft)eter (inches)

2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls

13.00 4.494 18.647 18.100 17.433 16.643 15.733 15.00 4.408 17.903 17.357 16.689 15.900 14.989 18.00 4.276 16.790 16.243 15.575 14.786 13.875 20.30 4.184 16.034 15.487 14.819 14.030 13.119 20.80 4.156 15.807 15.260 14.592 13.803 12.893 21.00 4.154 15.791 15.244 14.576 13.787 12.876 23.20 4.044 14.915 14.368 13.700 12.911 12.000 24.20 4.000 14.571 14.024 13.357 12.567 11.657

5.250 8.50 4.944 22.772 22.226 21.558 20.769 19.858 10.00 4.886 22.218 21.672 21.004 20.215 19.304 13.00 4.768 21.112 20.566 19.898 19.108 18.198 16.00 4.648 20.014 19.468 18.800 18.011 17.100

5.500 9.00 5.192 25.214 24.668 24.000 23.211 22.300 13.00 5.044 23.743 23.196 22.528 21.739 20.828 14.00 5.012 23.430 22.884 22.216 21.426 20.516 15.00 4.974 23.061 22.515 21.847 21.058 20.147 15.50 4.950 22.830 22.284 21.616 20.826 19.916 17.00 4.892 22.275 21.729 21.061 20.272 19.361 20.00 4.778 21.205 20.658 19.990 19.201 18.290 23.00 4.670 20.213 19.667 18.999 18.210 17.299

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of CasingEnglish Units

OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in

Annular Volume (barrels pCoiled Tubing Outside Diam

1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2.000





es & Displacem

ents

16.491 14.897 13.683 12.347 8.477 16.207 14.613 13.399 12.063 8.193

23.298 21.704 20.490 19.154 15.284 22.280 20.686 19.472 18.136 14.266 21.281 19.688 18.473 17.138 13.267 20.302 18.708 17.494 16.158 12.288 19.342 17.749 16.534 15.199 11.328

27.365 25.772 24.558 23.222 19.352 26.795 25.201 23.987 22.652 18.781 25.756 24.162 22.948 21.612 17.742 25.499 23.905 22.691 21.355 17.485 24.967 23.373 22.159 20.823 16.953 24.692 23.099 21.884 20.549 16.678 23.939 22.345 21.131 19.795 15.925 22.786 21.193 19.978 18.643 14.772 21.778 20.184 18.970 17.634 13.764

34.510 32.916 31.702 30.366 26.496 34.120 32.526 31.312 29.976 26.106 32.676 31.082 29.868 28.532 24.662

Annular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing


.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500


32

25.00 4.580 19.405 18.858 18.191 17.401 26.00 4.548 19.121 18.575 17.907 17.118

5.750 14.00 5.290 26.212 25.666 24.998 24.208 17.00 5.190 25.194 24.648 23.980 23.190 20.00 5.090 24.195 23.649 22.981 22.192 22.50 4.990 23.216 22.670 22.002 21.213 25.20 4.890 22.256 21.710 21.042 20.253

6.000 10.50 5.672 30.280 29.733 29.065 28.276 12.00 5.620 29.709 29.163 28.495 27.706 15.00 5.524 28.670 28.124 27.456 26.667 16.00 5.500 28.413 27.867 27.199 26.410 17.00 5.450 27.881 27.335 26.667 25.878 18.00 5.424 27.607 27.060 26.392 25.603 20.00 5.352 26.853 26.306 25.639 24.849 23.00 5.240 25.701 25.154 24.486 23.697 26.00 5.140 24.692 24.146 23.478 22.689

6.625 12.00 6.287 37.424 36.878 36.210 35.420 13.00 6.255 37.034 36.488 35.820 35.031 17.00 6.135 35.590 35.043 34.376 33.586

English Units

OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2





es & Displacem

ents

33

30.064 28.850 27.514 23.644 29.363 28.148 26.813 22.942 28.576 27.362 26.026 22.156 27.821 26.607 25.271 21.401 27.097 25.883 24.547 20.677 26.760 25.546 24.210 20.340 25.805 24.591 23.255 19.385 24.929 23.715 22.379 18.509

35.815 34.601 33.265 29.394 36.043 34.829 33.493 29.623 35.008 33.794 32.458 28.588 34.284 33.070 31.734 27.864 33.887 32.673 31.337 27.467 33.517 32.303 30.967 27.097 32.782 31.568 30.232 26.362 32.030 30.815 29.480 25.609 31.668 30.454 29.118 25.248 31.309 30.095 28.759 24.889 30.595 29.381 28.045 24.175 30.052 28.838 27.503 23.632 29.958 28.744 27.409 23.538


2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls

20.00 6.049 34.572 34.026 33.358 32.568 31.658 22.00 5.989 33.870 33.324 32.656 31.867 30.956 24.00 5.921 33.084 32.537 31.869 31.080 30.170 26.00 5.855 32.329 31.782 31.114 30.325 29.415 28.00 5.791 31.605 31.058 30.390 29.601 28.691 29.00 5.761 31.268 30.722 30.054 29.265 28.354 32.00 5.675 30.313 29.766 29.098 28.309 27.399 34.00 5.595 29.437 28.890 28.223 27.433 26.523

7.000 13.00 6.520 40.323 39.776 39.108 38.319 37.408 17.00 6.538 40.551 40.004 39.337 38.547 37.637 20.00 6.456 39.516 38.969 38.302 37.512 36.602 22.00 6.398 38.792 38.245 37.577 36.788 35.878 23.00 6.366 38.395 37.849 37.181 36.391 35.481 24.00 6.336 38.025 37.478 36.811 36.021 35.111 26.00 6.276 37.290 36.743 36.075 35.286 34.376 28.00 6.214 36.537 35.991 35.323 34.534 33.623 29.00 6.184 36.176 35.630 34.962 34.173 33.262 30.00 6.154 35.817 35.270 34.602 33.813 32.902

32.00 6.094 35.103 34.556 33.889 33.099 32.189 33.70 6.048 34.560 34.014 33.346 32.557 31.646 34.00 6.040 34.466 33.920 33.252 32.463 31.552


OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2.000





es & Displacem

ents

31.131 29.537 28.323 26.987 23.117 31.084 29.491 28.276 26.941 23.070 30.158 28.564 27.350 26.014 22.144 29.199 27.605 26.391 25.055 21.185 29.018 27.424 26.210 24.874 21.004 27.897 26.303 25.089 23.753 19.883

47.356 45.762 44.548 43.213 39.342 45.427 43.834 42.620 41.284 37.413 44.053 42.459 41.245 39.909 36.039 43.576 41.983 40.769 39.433 35.562 42.028 40.434 39.220 37.884 34.014 40.570 38.976 37.762 36.427 32.556 39.785 38.191 36.977 35.641 31.771 39.136 37.542 36.328 34.993 31.122 38.749 37.155 35.941 34.606 30.735 36.464 34.870 33.656 32.320 28.450 36.339 34.745 33.531 32.195 28.325

37.917 36.323 35.109 33.773 29.903

52.636 51.042 49.828 48.492 44.622



.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500


34

35.00 6.004 34.045 33.499 32.831 32.042 35.30 6.000 33.998 33.452 32.784 31.995 38.00 5.920 33.072 32.526 31.858 31.069 40.00 5.836 32.113 31.567 30.899 30.109 41.00 5.820 31.932 31.385 30.718 29.928 44.00 5.720 30.811 30.264 29.597 28.807

7.625 14.75 7.263 50.270 49.724 49.056 48.267 20.00 7.125 48.342 47.795 47.127 46.338 24.00 7.025 46.967 46.421 45.753 44.964 26.40 6.990 46.491 45.944 45.276 44.487 29.70 6.875 44.942 44.395 43.727 42.938 33.70 6.765 43.484 42.938 42.270 41.481 36.00 6.705 42.699 42.153 41.485 40.696 38.00 6.655 42.050 41.504 40.836 40.047 39.00 6.625 41.663 41.117 40.449 39.660 45.00 6.445 39.378 38.832 38.164 37.375 45.30 6.435 39.253 38.707 38.039 37.249

7.75 46.10 6.560 40.831 40.284 39.617 38.827

8 16.00 7.628 55.550 55.004 54.336 53.547

English Units

OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2





es & Displacem

ents

35

49.570 48.356 47.020 43.150 47.513 46.299 44.963 41.092

48.943 47.729 46.393 42.523 47.498 46.284 44.949 41.078 46.073 44.859 43.523 39.653 44.668 43.454 42.118 38.248 43.834 42.620 41.284 37.413

59.693 58.479 57.144 53.273 58.206 56.992 55.656 51.786 56.954 55.740 54.404 50.534 55.468 54.253 52.918 49.047 53.999 52.785 51.449 47.579 53.242 52.027 50.692 46.821 52.489 51.275 49.939 46.069 51.384 50.169 48.834 44.963 50.998 49.783 48.448 44.577 49.702 48.487 47.152 43.281 49.322 48.107 46.772 42.901

51.161 49.947 48.611 44.741


2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls

20.00 7.528 54.078 53.531 52.864 52.074 51.164 26.00 7.386 52.021 51.474 50.806 50.017 49.106

8.125 28.00 7.485 53.451 52.904 52.236 51.447 50.537 32.00 7.385 52.006 51.460 50.792 50.003 49.092 35.50 7.285 50.581 50.035 49.367 48.578 47.667 39.50 7.185 49.176 48.629 47.961 47.172 46.261

42.00 7.125 48.342 47.795 47.127 46.338 45.427

8.625 20.00 8.191 64.201 63.655 62.987 62.198 61.287 24.00 8.097 62.714 62.168 61.500 60.710 59.800 28.00 8.017 61.462 60.915 60.248 59.458 58.548 32.00 7.921 59.975 59.429 58.761 57.972 57.061 36.00 7.825 58.507 57.961 57.293 56.504 55.593 38.00 7.775 57.749 57.203 56.535 55.746 54.835 40.00 7.725 56.997 56.450 55.782 54.993 54.082 43.00 7.651 55.891 55.345 54.677 53.888 52.977 44.00 7.625 55.506 54.959 54.291 53.502 52.591 48.00 7.537 54.209 53.663 52.995 52.206 51.295 49.00 7.511 53.829 53.283 52.615 51.826 50.915

8.75 49.70 7.636 55.669 55.122 54.454 53.665 52.754


OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2.000





es & Displacem

ents62.872 61.278 60.064 58.728 54.858 61.367 59.773 58.559 57.223 53.353 60.636 59.043 57.828 56.493 52.622 58.781 57.188 55.974 54.638 50.768 56.892 55.298 54.084 52.749 48.878 55.395 53.802 52.588 51.252 47.382

75.902 74.308 73.094 71.758 67.888 74.814 73.220 72.006 70.671 66.800 73.421 71.828 70.613 69.278 65.407 72.799 71.205 69.991 68.655 64.785 71.938 70.344 69.130 67.795 63.924 71.321 69.728 68.513 67.178 63.307 70.571 68.977 67.763 66.428 62.557 69.318 67.724 66.510 65.174 61.304 66.876 65.282 64.068 62.733 58.862 65.228 63.634 62.420 61.084 57.214 64.248 62.654 61.440 60.104 56.234 60.241 58.647 57.433 56.097 52.227

67.291 65.698 64.483 63.148 59.277



.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500


36

9 34.00 8.290 65.786 65.240 64.572 63.783 38.00 8.196 64.281 63.734 63.067 62.277 40.00 8.150 63.550 63.004 62.336 61.547 45.00 8.032 61.696 61.149 60.481 59.692 50.20 7.910 59.806 59.260 58.592 57.803 55.00 7.812 58.310 57.763 57.095 56.306

9.625 29.30 9.063 78.816 78.270 77.602 76.813 32.30 9.001 77.728 77.182 76.514 75.725 36.00 8.921 76.336 75.789 75.121 74.332 38.00 8.885 75.713 75.166 74.499 73.709 40.00 8.835 74.852 74.306 73.638 72.849 42.00 8.799 74.236 73.689 73.021 72.232 43.50 8.755 73.485 72.939 72.271 71.482 47.00 8.681 72.232 71.686 71.018 70.228 53.50 8.535 69.790 69.244 68.576 67.787 58.40 8.435 68.142 67.595 66.928 66.138 61.10 8.375 67.162 66.616 65.948 65.159 71.80 8.125 63.155 62.609 61.941 61.152

9.75 59.20 8.560 70.205 69.659 68.991 68.202

English Units

OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2





es & Displacem

ents

37

66.783 65.568 64.233 60.362

80.060 78.846 77.511 73.640 76.739 75.525 74.189 70.319 75.315 74.101 72.765 68.895 73.483 72.269 70.933 67.063 71.603 70.388 69.053 65.182 69.574 68.360 67.024 63.154

95.425 94.211 92.875 89.005 94.319 93.105 91.770 87.899 92.633 91.419 90.083 86.213 90.690 89.476 88.140 84.270 89.765 88.550 87.215 83.344 88.767 87.553 86.217 82.347 87.508 86.294 84.958 81.088 87.053 85.838 84.503 80.632 85.166 83.952 82.616 78.746 83.299 82.085 80.749 76.879 81.268 80.054 78.718 74.848 79.442 78.227 76.892 73.021


2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls

9.875 62.80 8.625 71.291 70.744 70.076 69.287 68.376

10 33.00 9.384 84.568 84.022 83.354 82.565 81.654 41.50 9.200 81.247 80.700 80.032 79.243 78.332 45.50 9.120 79.823 79.277 78.609 77.819 76.909 50.50 9.016 77.991 77.444 76.777 75.987 75.077 55.50 8.908 76.110 75.564 74.896 74.107 73.196 61.20 8.790 74.082 73.535 72.868 72.078 71.168

10.75 32.75 10.192 99.933 99.387 98.719 97.930 97.019 35.75 10.136 98.827 98.281 97.613 96.824 95.913 40.50 10.050 97.141 96.595 95.927 95.137 94.227 45.50 9.950 95.198 94.652 93.984 93.195 92.284 48.00 9.902 94.273 93.726 93.058 92.269 91.358 51.00 9.850 93.275 92.728 92.061 91.271 90.361 54.00 9.784 92.016 91.470 90.802 90.013 89.102 55.50 9.760 91.560 91.014 90.346 89.557 88.646 60.70 9.660 89.674 89.128 88.460 87.670 86.760 65.70 9.560 87.807 87.261 86.593 85.803 84.893 71.10 9.450 85.776 85.229 84.561 83.772 82.862 76.00 9.350 83.950 83.403 82.735 81.946 81.035


OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2.000





es & Displacem

ents

79.229 77.635 76.421 75.085 71.215

04.273 102.679 101.465 100.129 96.259

16.879 115.286 114.072 112.736 108.866 15.454 113.860 112.646 111.310 107.440 13.652 112.058 110.844 109.508 105.638 11.102 109.508 108.294 106.958 103.088 08.830 107.236 106.022 104.686 100.816 06.954 105.361 104.147 102.811 98.941 04.971 103.377 102.163 100.828 96.957

07.557 105.963 104.749 103.414 99.543

24.893 123.299 122.085 120.750 116.879 22.002 120.408 119.194 117.858 113.988

39.041 137.447 136.233 134.897 131.027 35.295 133.702 132.487 131.152 127.281

47.457 145.863 144.649 143.313 139.443 46.391 144.798 143.584 142.248 138.378



.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500


38

81.00 9.250 82.143 81.596 80.928 80.139

11 26.75 10.552 107.187 106.641 105.973 105.184 1

11.75 38.00 11.150 119.794 119.247 118.579 117.790 142.00 11.084 118.368 117.822 117.154 116.365 147.00 11.000 116.566 116.020 115.352 114.563 154.00 10.880 114.016 113.469 112.801 112.012 160.00 10.772 111.744 111.198 110.530 109.741 165.00 10.682 109.869 109.322 108.654 107.865 171.00 10.586 107.885 107.339 106.671 105.882 1

11.875 71.80 10.711 110.471 109.925 109.257 108.468 1

12 31.50 11.514 127.807 127.261 126.593 125.804 140.00 11.384 124.916 124.369 123.701 122.912 1

12.75 43.00 12.130 141.955 141.409 140.741 139.952 153.00 11.970 138.210 137.663 136.995 136.206 1

13 36.50 12.482 150.371 149.824 149.156 148.367 140.00 12.438 149.306 148.759 148.091 147.302 1

English Units

OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2





es & Displacem

ents

39

142.919 141.705 140.369 136.499 141.052 139.838 138.502 134.632 139.576 138.362 137.026 133.156

151.566 150.352 149.016 145.146 149.105 147.891 146.555 142.685 146.664 145.450 144.114 140.244 144.242 143.028 141.693 137.822 142.607 141.393 140.057 136.187 140.885 139.671 138.335 134.465 138.510 137.296 135.960 132.090 138.132 136.917 135.582 131.711 135.124 133.910 132.574 128.704 132.935 131.721 130.385 126.515

142.439 141.225 139.889 136.019

143.279 142.065 140.729 136.859

171.241 170.027 168.691 164.821 167.488 166.274 164.938 161.068


2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls

45.00 12.360 147.427 146.880 146.212 145.423 144.513 50.00 12.282 145.560 145.013 144.345 143.556 142.645 54.00 12.220 144.084 143.538 142.870 142.080 141.170

13.375 48.00 12.715 156.074 155.527 154.859 154.070 153.159 54.50 12.615 153.613 153.067 152.399 151.610 150.699 61.00 12.515 151.172 150.626 149.958 149.168 148.258 68.00 12.415 148.750 148.204 147.536 146.747 145.836 72.00 12.347 147.115 146.568 145.900 145.111 144.201 77.00 12.275 145.393 144.846 144.178 143.389 142.478 83.00 12.175 143.018 142.471 141.803 141.014 140.103 85.00 12.159 142.639 142.093 141.425 140.636 139.725 92.00 12.031 139.632 139.085 138.417 137.628 136.718 98.00 11.937 137.443 136.897 136.229 135.440 134.529

13.5 81.40 12.340 146.947 146.400 145.733 144.943 144.033

13.625 88.20 12.375 147.787 147.241 146.573 145.784 144.873

14 42.00 13.488 175.749 175.203 174.535 173.745 172.835 50.00 13.344 171.996 171.449 170.781 169.992 169.082


OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2.000





es & Displacem

ents

98.045 196.451 195.237 193.901 190.031

26.368 224.775 223.561 222.225 218.354 25.741 224.147 222.933 221.597 217.727 22.022 220.428 219.214 217.879 214.008 20.484 218.890 217.676 216.341 212.470 18.334 216.740 215.526 214.190 210.320 14.968 213.374 212.160 210.824 206.954 05.678 204.085 202.871 201.535 197.665

83.288 281.695 280.481 279.145 275.275 79.759 278.165 276.951 275.615 271.745 76.382 274.789 273.575 272.239 268.369

06.487 304.893 303.679 302.344 298.473 05.793 304.199 302.985 301.649 297.779 02.334 300.740 299.526 298.190 294.320 98.894 297.300 296.086 294.751 290.880

52.939 351.345 350.131 348.795 344.925 51.376 349.783 348.569 347.233 343.363 46.784 345.191 343.976 342.641 338.770



.000 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500


40

15 47.50 14.418 200.959 200.412 199.745 198.955 1

16 52.50 15.396 229.283 228.736 228.068 227.279 255.00 15.375 228.655 228.108 227.441 226.651 265.00 15.250 224.936 224.390 223.722 222.933 270.00 15.198 223.398 222.852 222.184 221.395 275.00 15.125 221.248 220.702 220.034 219.245 284.00 15.010 217.882 217.335 216.667 215.878 2109.00 14.688 208.593 208.046 207.378 206.589 2

18 78.00 17.194 286.203 285.656 284.988 284.199 287.50 17.088 282.673 282.126 281.459 280.669 296.50 16.986 279.297 278.750 278.082 277.293 2

18.625 73.09 17.875 309.401 308.855 308.187 307.398 378.00 17.855 308.707 308.161 307.493 306.704 387.50 17.755 305.248 304.702 304.034 303.245 396.50 17.655 301.808 301.262 300.594 299.805 2

20 90.00 19.166 355.853 355.306 354.639 353.849 394.00 19.124 354.291 353.744 353.076 352.287 3106.50 19.000 349.699 349.152 348.484 347.695 3

English Units

OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2





es & Displacem

ents

41

aa

335.295 334.081 332.745 328.875

407.138 405.924 404.588 400.718 403.144 401.929 400.594 396.723


2.375 2.625 2.875 3.500

bbls bbls bbls bbls

nchornchor

133.00 18.730 339.803 339.257 338.589 337.799 336.889

21.5 103.00 20.610 411.646 411.099 410.432 409.642 408.732 114.00 20.510 407.651 407.105 406.437 405.648 404.737


OutsideDiameter

inWeight

lb/ft

InternalDiameter

in


1.000 1.250 1.500 1.750 2.000





es & Displacem

entsAnnular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casing

Volume (per meter)bing Diameter (mm)

50.8 60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9

Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters

4.563 3.732 3.099 2.403 0.385 4.178 3.347 2.714 2.018 3.925 3.095 2.462 1.765

6.976 6.145 5.512 4.816 2.798 6.446 5.615 4.982 4.286 2.268 6.289 5.458 4.825 4.129 2.111 6.183 5.352 4.719 4.023 2.005 6.077 5.246 4.613 3.917 1.899 5.908 5.077 4.444 3.748 1.730 5.756 4.925 4.292 3.596 1.578 5.388 4.557 3.924 3.227 1.210 5.111 4.280 3.647 2.951 0.933 4.896 4.065 3.432 2.736 0.718 4.684 3.853 3.220 2.524 0.506

7.619 6.788 6.155 5.459 3.441 6.413 5.582 4.946 4.253 2.235 6.077 5.246 4.613 3.917 1.899

9.142 8.311 7.678 6.982 4.964 8.505 7.674 7.041 6.345 4.327

42

Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightAnnular

Coiled Tu

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45

in mm lb/ft kg/m Liters Liters Liters Liters

4.000 101.600 5.65 8.41 6.082 5.798 5.449 5.038 9.50 14.14 5.697 5.412 5.064 4.653 11.60 17.26 5.445 5.160 4.812 4.400

4.500 114.300 6.75 10.04 8.495 8.210 7.862 7.451 9.50 14.14 7.965 7.680 7.332 6.921 10.50 15.62 7.809 7.524 7.175 6.764 11.00 16.37 7.702 7.417 7.069 6.658 11.60 17.26 7.596 7.312 6.963 6.552 12.60 18.75 7.427 7.142 6.794 6.383 13.50 20.09 7.276 6.991 6.643 6.231 15.10 22.47 6.907 6.622 6.274 5.862 16.60 24.70 6.630 6.346 5.997 5.586 17.70 26.34 6.415 6.131 5.782 5.371 18.80 27.97 6.204 5.919 5.571 5.159

4.750 120.650 9.50 14.14 9.138 8.853 8.505 8.094 16.00 23.81 7.932 7.647 7.299 6.888 18.00 26.78 7.596 7.312 6.963 6.552

5.000 127.000 8.00 11.90 10.662 10.377 10.029 9.617 11.50 17.11 10.024 9.739 9.391 8.980




es & Displacem

ents

43

7.371 6.738 6.042 4.024 6.984 6.351 5.654 3.636 6.403 5.770 5.074 3.056 6.009 5.376 4.680 2.662 5.891 5.258 4.561 2.543 5.882 5.249 4.553 2.535 5.426 4.793 4.096 2.078 5.246 4.613 3.917 1.899

9.522 8.889 8.193 6.175 9.233 8.600 7.904 5.886 8.657 8.024 7.327 5.309 8.084 7.451 6.755 4.737

10.795 10.162 9.466 7.448 10.028 9.395 8.699 6.681 9.865 9.232 8.536 6.518 9.673 9.040 8.343 6.326 9.552 8.919 8.223 6.205 9.263 8.630 7.934 5.916 8.705 8.072 7.376 5.358 8.188 7.555 6.859 4.841

AM

per meter)eter (mm)

60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9

Liters Liters Liters Liters

(

13.00 19.34 9.721 9.437 9.088 8.677 8.202 15.00 22.32 9.334 9.049 8.701 8.289 7.814 18.00 26.78 8.753 8.468 8.120 7.709 7.234 20.30 30.21 8.359 8.074 7.726 7.315 6.840 20.80 30.95 8.241 7.956 7.608 7.196 6.722 21.00 31.25 8.232 7.948 7.599 7.188 6.713 23.20 34.52 7.776 7.491 7.143 6.731 6.256 24.20 36.01 7.596 7.312 6.963 6.552 6.077

5.250 133.350 8.50 12.65 11.872 11.587 11.239 10.828 10.353 10.00 14.88 11.584 11.299 10.951 10.539 10.064 13.00 19.34 11.007 10.722 10.374 9.962 9.487 16.00 23.81 10.434 10.150 9.801 9.390 8.915

5.500 139.700 9.00 13.39 13.145 12.861 12.512 12.101 11.626 13.00 19.34 12.378 12.093 11.745 11.334 10.859 14.00 20.83 12.215 11.930 11.582 11.171 10.696 15.00 22.32 12.023 11.738 11.390 10.979 10.504 15.50 23.06 11.902 11.618 11.269 10.858 10.383 17.00 25.30 11.613 11.328 10.980 10.569 10.094 20.00 29.76 11.055 10.770 10.422 10.011 9.536 23.00 34.22 10.538 10.253 9.905 9.494 9.019

nnular Volumes for Coiled Tubing Inside of Casingetric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightAnnular Volume (

Coiled Tubing Diam

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8

in mm lb/ft kg/m Liters Liters Liters Liters Liters

Upsets & couplings not included)



es & Displacem

ents

8.597 7.767 7.133 6.437 4.419 8.449 7.619 6.986 6.289 4.271

12.146 11.315 10.682 9.986 7.968 11.616 10.785 10.152 9.455 7.438 11.095 10.264 9.631 8.935 6.917 10.584 9.754 9.121 8.424 6.406 10.084 9.253 8.620 7.924 5.906

14.267 13.436 12.803 12.107 10.089 13.970 13.139 12.506 11.809 9.792 13.428 12.597 11.964 11.268 9.250 13.294 12.463 11.830 11.134 9.116 13.017 12.186 11.553 10.856 8.839 12.873 12.043 11.409 10.713 8.695 12.480 11.650 11.017 10.320 8.302 11.880 11.049 10.416 9.719 7.702 11.354 10.523 9.890 9.194 7.176

17.992 17.161 16.528 15.831 13.814 17.788 16.958 16.325 15.628 13.610 17.035 16.205 15.573 14.875 12.857



50.8 60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


44

25.00 37.20 10.117 9.832 9.484 9.072 26.00 38.69 9.969 9.684 9.336 8.924

5.750 146.050 14.00 20.83 13.666 13.381 13.033 12.621 17.00 25.30 13.135 12.850 12.502 12.090 20.00 29.76 12.614 12.329 11.981 11.570 22.50 33.48 12.104 11.819 11.471 11.059 25.20 37.50 11.603 11.319 10.970 10.559

6.000 152.400 10.50 15.62 15.786 15.501 15.153 14.742 12.00 17.86 15.489 15.204 14.856 14.444 15.00 22.32 14.947 14.662 14.314 13.903 16.00 23.81 14.813 14.528 14.180 13.769 17.00 25.30 14.536 14.251 13.903 13.491 18.00 26.78 14.393 14.108 13.760 13.348 20.00 29.76 14.000 13.715 13.367 12.955 23.00 34.22 13.399 13.114 12.766 12.354 26.00 38.69 12.873 12.588 12.240 11.829

6.625 168.275 12.00 17.86 19.511 19.226 18.878 18.466 13.00 19.34 19.308 19.023 18.675 18.263 17.00 25.30 18.555 18.270 17.922 17.510

Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightAnnular

Coiled Tu

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45





es & Displacem

ents

45

15.674 15.041 14.345 12.327 15.308 14.675 13.979 11.961 14.898 14.265 13.569 11.551 14.504 13.871 13.175 11.157 14.127 13.494 12.798 10.780 13.951 13.318 12.622 10.604 13.453 12.820 12.124 10.106 12.997 12.364 11.667 9.650

18.672 18.039 17.343 15.325 18.791 18.158 17.462 15.444 18.251 17.618 16.922 14.904 17.874 17.241 16.545 14.527 17.667 17.034 16.338 14.320 17.474 16.841 16.145 14.127 17.091 16.458 15.761 13.744 16.699 16.066 15.369 13.351 16.510 15.877 15.181 13.163 16.323 15.690 14.993 12.976 15.951 15.318 14.621 12.603 15.668 15.035 14.338 12.321 15.619 14.986 14.289 12.272

AM

per meter)eter (mm)

60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


(

20.00 29.76 18.024 17.739 17.391 16.980 16.505 22.00 32.74 17.658 17.373 17.025 16.614 16.139 24.00 35.71 17.248 16.963 16.615 16.204 15.729 26.00 38.69 16.855 16.570 16.222 15.810 15.335 28.00 41.66 16.477 16.192 15.844 15.433 14.958 29.00 43.15 16.302 16.017 15.669 15.257 14.782 32.00 47.62 15.804 15.519 15.170 14.759 14.284 34.00 50.59 15.347 15.062 14.714 14.302 13.828

7.000 177.800 13.00 19.34 21.022 20.737 20.389 19.978 19.503 17.00 25.30 21.141 20.856 20.508 20.097 19.622 20.00 29.76 20.602 20.317 19.969 19.557 19.082 22.00 32.74 20.224 19.939 19.591 19.180 18.705 23.00 34.22 20.017 19.732 19.384 18.973 18.498 24.00 35.71 19.824 19.539 19.191 18.780 18.305 26.00 38.69 19.441 19.156 18.808 18.396 17.922 28.00 41.66 19.049 18.764 18.416 18.004 17.530 29.00 43.15 18.860 18.576 18.227 17.816 17.341 30.00 44.64 18.673 18.388 18.040 17.629 17.154 32.00 47.62 18.301 18.016 17.668 17.256 16.782 33.70 50.14 18.018 17.733 17.385 16.973 16.499 34.00 50.59 17.969 17.684 17.336 16.925 16.450


OutsideDiameter


Coiled Tubing Diam

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8





es & Displacem

ents

16.230 15.399 14.766 14.070 12.052 16.206 15.375 14.742 14.046 12.028 15.723 14.892 14.259 13.563 11.545 15.223 14.392 13.759 13.063 11.045 15.128 14.297 13.664 12.968 10.950 14.544 13.713 13.080 12.384 10.366

24.689 23.858 23.225 22.529 20.511 23.684 22.853 22.220 21.523 19.506 22.967 22.136 21.503 20.807 18.789 22.719 21.888 21.255 20.558 18.541 21.911 21.080 20.447 19.751 17.733 21.151 20.320 19.687 18.991 16.973 20.742 19.911 19.278 18.582 16.564 20.404 19.573 18.940 18.243 16.226 20.202 19.371 18.738 18.042 16.024 19.010 18.180 17.547 16.850 14.832 18.945 18.114 17.481 16.785 14.767

19.768 18.937 18.304 17.608 15.590

27.442 26.611 25.978 25.281 23.264



50.8 60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


46

35.00 52.08 17.749 17.465 17.116 16.705 35.30 52.53 17.725 17.440 17.092 16.681 38.00 56.54 17.242 16.957 16.609 16.198 40.00 59.52 16.742 16.457 16.109 15.698 41.00 61.01 16.648 16.363 16.015 15.603 44.00 65.47 16.063 15.778 15.430 15.019

7.625 193.675 14.75 21.95 26.208 25.924 25.575 25.164 20.00 29.76 25.203 24.918 24.570 24.158 24.00 35.71 24.486 24.201 23.853 23.442 26.40 39.28 24.238 23.953 23.605 23.193 29.70 44.19 23.430 23.146 22.797 22.386 33.70 50.14 22.671 22.386 22.038 21.626 36.00 53.57 22.261 21.976 21.628 21.217 38.00 56.54 21.923 21.638 21.290 20.878 39.00 58.03 21.721 21.436 21.088 20.677 45.00 66.96 20.530 20.245 19.897 19.485 45.30 67.41 20.465 20.180 19.831 19.420

7.750 196.850 46.10 68.60 21.287 21.002 20.654 20.243

8.000 203.200 16.00 23.81 28.961 28.676 28.328 27.917

Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightAnnular

Coiled Tu

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45





es & Displacem

ents

47

25.843 25.210 24.514 22.496 24.771 24.138 23.441 21.424

25.516 24.883 24.187 22.169 24.763 24.130 23.434 21.416 24.020 23.387 22.691 20.673 23.288 22.655 21.958 19.940 22.853 22.220 21.523 19.506

31.121 30.488 29.792 27.774 30.346 29.713 29.016 26.999 29.693 29.060 28.364 26.346 28.918 28.285 27.589 25.571 28.153 27.520 26.823 24.805 27.758 27.125 26.428 24.410 27.365 26.732 26.036 24.018 26.789 26.156 25.459 23.442 26.588 25955 25.258 23.240 25.912 25.279 24.583 22.565 25.714 25.081 24.384 22.367

26.673 26.040 25.343 23.326

AM

per meter)eter (mm)

60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


(

20.00 29.76 28.193 27.909 27.560 27.149 26.674 26.00 38.69 27.121 26.836 26.488 26.076 25.602

8.125 206.375 28.00 41.66 27.867 27.582 27.234 26.822 26.347 32.00 47.62 27.113 26.829 26.480 26.069 25.594 35.50 52.82 26.371 26.086 25.738 25.326 24.851 39.50 58.78 25.638 25.353 25.005 24.593 24.118 42.00 62.50 25.203 24.918 24.570 24.158 23.684

8.625 219.075 20.00 29.76 33.471 33.187 32.838 32.427 31.952 24.00 35.71 32.696 32.411 32.063 31.651 31.177 28.00 41.66 32.043 31.758 31.410 30.999 30.524 32.00 47.62 31.268 30.983 30.635 30.224 29.749 36.00 53.57 30.503 30.218 29.870 29.458 28.983 38.00 56.54 30.108 29.823 29.475 29.063 28.588 40.00 59.52 29.715 29.430 29.082 28.671 28.196 43.00 63.98 29.139 28.854 28.506 28.094 27.620 44.00 65.47 28.938 28.653 28.305 27.893 27.419 48.00 71.42 28.262 27.977 27.629 27.218 26.743 49.00 72.91 28.064 27.779 27.431 27.019 26.545

8.750 222.250 49.70 73.95 29.023 28.738 28.390 27.978 27.504


OutsideDiameter


Coiled Tubing Diam

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8





es & Displacem

ents 32.778 31.948 31.314 30.618 28.600 31.994 31.163 30.530 29.833 27.816 31.613 30.782 30.149 29.453 27.435 30.646 29.815 29.182 28.486 26.468 29.661 28.830 28.197 27.501 25.483 28.880 28.050 27.417 26.720 24.702

39.572 38.741 38.108 37.411 35.394 39.004 38.174 37.541 36.844 34.826 38.278 37.447 36.814 36.118 34.100 37.954 37.123 36.490 35.793 33.776 37.505 36.674 36.041 35.345 33.327 37.183 36.353 35.720 35.023 33.005 36.792 35.961 35.328 34.632 32.614 36.139 35.308 34.675 33.979 31.961 34.866 34.035 33.402 32.706 30.688 34.007 33.176 32.543 31.846 29.828 33.496 32.665 32.032 31.336 29.318 31.407 30.576 29.943 29.246 27.229

35.082 34.252 33.618 32.922 30.904



50.8 60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


48

9.000 228.600 34.00 50.59 34.298 34.013 33.665 33.253 38.00 56.54 33.513 33.228 32.880 32.468 40.00 59.52 33.132 32.847 32.499 32.088 45.00 66.96 32.165 31.880 31.532 31.121 50.20 74.70 31.180 30.895 30.547 30.136 55.00 81.84 30.400 30.115 29.767 29.355

9.625 244.475 29.30 43.60 41.091 40.806 40.458 40.046 32.30 48.06 40.524 40.239 39.891 39.479 36.00 53.57 39.798 39.513 39.165 38.753 38.00 56.54 39.473 39.188 38.840 38.428 40.00 59.52 39.024 38.739 38.391 37.980 42.00 62.50 38.703 38.418 38.070 37.658 43.50 64.73 38.312 38.027 37.679 37.267 47.00 69.94 37.658 37.373 37.025 36.614 53.50 79.61 36.385 36.100 35.752 35.341 58.40 86.90 35.526 35.241 34.893 34.481 61.10 90.92 35.015 34.730 34.382 33.971 71.80 106.84 32.926 32.641 32.293 31.881

9.750 247.650 59.20 88.09 36.602 36.317 35.969 35.557

Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightAnnular

Coiled Tu

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45





es & Displacem

ents

49

34.817 34.184 33.488 31.470

41.740 41.107 40.410 38.392 40.008 39.375 38.678 36.661 39.266 38.633 37.936 35.918 38.310 37.677 36.981 34.963 37.330 36.697 36.001 33.983 36.272 35.639 34.943 32.925

49.750 49.117 48.421 46.403 49.174 48.540 47.844 45.826 48.294 47.661 46.965 44.947 47.281 46.648 45.952 43.934 46.799 46.166 45.470 43.452 46.279 45.646 44.949 42.932 45.622 44.989 44.293 42.275 45.385 44.752 44.056 42.038 44.401 43.768 43.072 41.054 43.428 42.795 42.099 40.081 42.369 41.736 41.040 39.022 41.417 40.784 40.088 38.070

AM

per meter)eter (mm)

60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


(

9.875 250.825 62.80 93.45 37.167 36.883 36.534 36.123 35.648

10.000 254.000 33.00 49.10 44.090 43.805 43.457 43.045 42.570 41.50 61.75 42.358 42.073 41.725 41.313 40.839 45.50 67.70 41.616 41.331 40.983 40.571 40.096 50.50 75.14 40.661 40.376 40.028 39.616 39.141 55.50 82.58 39.680 39.395 39.047 38.636 38.161 61.20 91.06 38.623 38.338 37.990 37.578 37.103

10.750 273.050 32.75 48.73 52.100 51.815 51.467 51.056 50.581 35.75 53.20 51.524 51.239 50.891 50.479 50.004 40.50 60.26 50.645 50.360 50.011 49.600 49.125 45.50 67.70 49.632 49.347 48.999 48.587 48.112 48.00 71.42 49.149 48.864 48.516 48.105 47.630 51.00 75.89 48.629 48.344 47.996 47.584 47.110 54.00 80.35 47.973 47.688 47.340 46.928 46.453 55.50 82.58 47.735 47.450 47.102 46.691 46.216 60.70 90.32 46.752 46.467 46.119 45.707 45.232 65.70 97.76 45.778 45.493 45.145 44.734 44.259 71.10 105.80 44.719 44.434 44.086 43.675 43.200 76.00 113.09 43.767 43.482 43.134 42.723 42.248


OutsideDiameter


Coiled Tubing Diam

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8





es & Displacem

ents

41.306 40.475 39.842 39.146 37.128

54.363 53.532 52.889 52.203 50.185

60.935 60.104 59.471 58.775 56.757 60.192 59.361 58.728 58.032 56.014 59.253 58.422 57.789 57.092 55.075 57.923 57.092 56.459 55.763 53.745 56.739 55.908 55.275 54.578 52.561 55.761 54.930 54.297 53.601 51.583 54.727 53.896 53.263 52.567 50.549

56.075 55.244 54.611 53.915 51.897

65.113 64.282 63.649 62.953 60.935 63.606 62.775 62.142 61.445 59.428

72.489 71.658 71.025 70.329 68.311 70.536 69.705 69.072 68.376 66.358

76.877 76.046 75.413 74.716 72.699 76.321 75.490 74.857 74.161 72.143



50.8 60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


50

81.00 120.53 42.825 42.540 42.192 41.781

11.000 279.400 26.75 39.80 55.882 55.597 55.249 54.838

11.750 298.450 38.00 56.54 62.455 62.170 61.821 61.410 42.00 62.50 61.711 61.426 61.078 60.667 47.00 69.94 60.772 60.487 60.139 59.727 54.00 80.35 59.442 59.157 58.809 58.398 60.00 89.28 58.258 57.973 57.625 57.213 65.00 96.72 57.280 56.995 56.647 56.236 71.00 105.65 56.246 55.961 55.613 55.202

11.875 301.625 71.80 106.84 57.594 57.309 56.961 56.550

12.000 304.800 31.50 46.87 66.632 66.348 65.999 65.588 40.00 59.52 65.125 64.840 64.492 64.080

12.750 323.850 43.00 63.98 74.008 73.724 73.375 72.964 53.00 78.86 72.056 71.771 71.423 71.011

13.000 330.200 36.50 54.31 78.396 78.111 77.763 77.351 40.00 59.52 77.841 77.556 77.208 76.796

Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightAnnular

Coiled Tu

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45





es & Displacem

ents

51

74.511 73.878 73.181 71.164 73.537 72.904 72.208 70.190 72.768 72.135 71.439 69.421

79.019 78.386 77.690 75.672 77.736 77.103 76.407 74.389 76.463 75.830 75.134 73.116 75.201 74.568 73.872 71.854 74.348 73.715 73.019 71.001 73.450 72.817 72.121 70.103 72.212 71.579 70.883 68.865 72.015 71.382 70.686 68.668 70.447 69.814 69.118 67.100 69.306 68.673 67.977 65.959

74.261 73.628 72.931 70.913

74.699 74.066 73.369 71.352

89.277 88.644 87.947 85.929 87.320 86.687 85.991 83.973

AM

per meter)eter (mm)

60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


(

45.00 66.96 76.861 76.576 76.228 75.817 75.342 50.00 74.40 75.888 75.603 75.255 74.843 74.368 54.00 80.35 75.118 74.833 74.485 74.074 73.599

13.375 339.725 48.00 71.42 81.369 81.084 80.736 80.325 79.850 54.50 81.10 80.086 79.801 79.453 79.042 78.567 61.00 90.77 78.814 78.529 78.181 77.769 77.294 68.00 101.18 77.551 77.266 76.918 76.507 76.032 72.00 107.13 76.698 76.414 76.065 75.654 75.179 77.00 114.57 75.801 75.516 75.168 74.756 74.281 83.00 123.50 74.562 74.277 73.929 73.518 73.043 85.00 126.48 74.365 74.080 73.732 73.321 72.846 92.00 136.89 72.797 72.512 72.164 71.753 71.278 98.00 145.82 71.656 71.371 71.023 70.612 70.137

13.500 342.900 81.40 121.12 76.611 76.326 75.978 75.566 75.092

13.625 346.075 88.20 131.24 77.049 76.764 76.416 76.004 75.530

14.000 355.600 42.00 62.50 91.627 91.342 90.994 90.582 90.108 50.00 74.40 89.670 89.385 89.037 88.626 88.151


OutsideDiameter


Coiled Tubing Diam

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8





es & Displacem

ents

103.251 102.420 101.787 101.091 99.073

118.017 117.187 116.553 115.857 113.839 117.690 116.859 116.226 115.530 113.512 115.751 114.921 114.288 113.591 111.573 114.950 114.119 113.486 112.789 110.772 113.829 112.998 112.365 111.668 109.651 112.074 111.243 110.610 109.913 107.895 107.231 106.400 105.767 105.070 103.053

147.693 146.862 146.229 145.532 143.515 145.852 145.022 144.388 143.692 141.674 144.092 143.261 142.628 141.932 139.914

159.787 158.956 158.323 157.627 155.609 159.425 158.595 157.962 157.265 155.247 157.622 156.791 156.158 155.462 153.444 155.829 154.998 154.365 153.668 151.651

184.005 183.174 182.541 181.845 179.827 183.190 182.360 181.727 181.030 179.012 180.796 179.965 179.332 178.636 176.618



50.8 60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


52

15.000 381.000 47.50 70.68 104.770 104.485 104.137 103.726

16.000 406.400 52.50 78.12 119.537 119.252 118.904 118.492 55.00 81.84 119.209 118.925 118.576 118.165 65.00 96.72 117.271 116.986 116.638 116.226 70.00 104.16 116.469 116.184 115.836 115.424 75.00 111.60 115.348 115.063 114.715 114.303 84.00 124.99 113.593 113.308 112.960 112.548 109.00 162.19 108.750 108.465 108.117 107.705

18.000 457.200 78.00 116.06 149.212 148.927 148.579 148.167 87.50 130.20 147.372 147.087 146.739 146.327 96.50 143.59 145.612 145.327 144.979 144.567

18.625 473.075 73.09 108.76 161.307 161.022 160.674 160.262 78.00 116.06 160.945 160.660 160.312 159.900 87.50 130.20 159.141 158.856 158.508 158.097 96.50 143.59 157.348 157.063 156.715 156.304

20.000 508.000 90.00 133.92 185.524 185.239 184.891 184.480 94.00 139.87 184.710 184.425 184.077 183.665 106.50 158.47 182.316 182.031 181.683 181.271

Metric Units

OutsideDiameter

WeightAnnular

Coiled Tu

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45





es & Displacem

ents

53

aa

174.806 174.173 173.477 171.459

212.262 211.629 210.932 208.915 210.179 209.546 208.850 206.832

AM

per meter)eter (mm)

60.325 66.7 73.025 88.9


(

nchornchor

133.00 197.90 177.157 176.872 176.524 176.112 175.637

21.500 546.100 103.00 153.26 214.612 214.327 213.979 213.567 213.093 114.00 169.63 212.529 212.245 211.896 211.485 211.010


OutsideDiameter


Coiled Tubing Diam

25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8





es & Displacem

entsAnnular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing

e (barrels per 1,000 ft)

s bbls bbls bbls bbls

ide Diameter (inches)

0 2.375 2.875 2.875 3.500

43 10.770 8.220 8.220 4.350 42 10.470 7.920 7.920 4.049 38 10.266 7.716 7.716 3.845 35 10.063 7.513 7.513 3.643 11 9.738 7.188 7.188 3.318 20 9.447 6.898 6.898 3.027 13 8.740 6.190 6.190 2.320 83 8.210 5.660 5.660 1.790 70 7.797 5.248 5.248 1.377 64 7.391 4.841 4.841 0.971

79 10.707 8.157 8.157 4.286


5 2.875 2.875 3.500 4.000

19 12.169 12.169 8.299 4.656 39 11.589 11.589 7.719 4.076 95 10.845 10.845 6.975 3.332

54

English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal

DiameterAnnular Volum

in lb/ft in bbls bbls bbls bbl

Tubing Outs

1.050 1.315 1.660 1.90

4.500 9.50 4.090 15.178 14.570 13.573 12.710.50 4.052 14.878 14.269 13.272 12.411.00 4.026 14.674 14.065 13.068 12.211.60 4.000 14.471 13.862 12.865 12.012.60 3.958 14.147 13.538 12.541 11.713.50 3.920 13.856 13.247 12.250 11.415.10 3.826 13.148 12.540 11.543 10.716.60 3.754 12.618 12.010 11.013 10.117.70 3.697 12.206 11.597 10.600 9.718.80 3.640 11.800 11.191 10.194 9.3

4.750 16.00 4.082 15.115 14.506 13.509 12.6

Tubing Outs

1.315 1.660 1.900 2.37

5.000 11.50 4.560 18.519 17.522 16.692 14.713.00 4.494 17.938 16.941 16.111 14.115.00 4.408 17.195 16.198 15.368 13.3




es & Displacem

ents

55

9.732 9.732 5.862 2.219 8.976 8.976 5.105 1.463 8.733 8.733 4.862 1.220 7.857 7.857 3.987 0.344

6.685 16.685 12.814 9.172 6.372 16.372 12.502 8.859 6.004 16.004 12.133 8.491 5.772 15.772 11.902 8.259 5.218 15.218 11.347 7.705 4.147 14.147 10.277 6.634 3.156 13.156 9.285 5.643 2.063 12.063 8.193 4.550

ter (inches)

875 3.500 4.000 4.500

9.154 15.284 11.641 7.513 8.136 14.266 10.623 6.495 7.138 13.267 9.625 5.496 6.158 12.288 8.645 4.517 5.199 11.328 7.686 3.557

s per 1,000 ft)

bls bbls bbls bbls

18.00 4.276 16.081 15.084 14.254 12.282 20.30 4.184 15.325 14.328 13.498 11.526 21.00 4.154 15.082 14.085 13.255 11.283 23.20 4.044 14.206 13.209 12.379 10.407

5.500 13.00 5.044 23.034 22.037 21.207 19.235 114.00 5.012 22.722 21.725 20.895 18.922 115.00 4.974 22.353 21.356 20.526 18.553 115.50 4.950 22.122 21.125 20.295 18.322 117.00 4.892 21.567 20.570 19.740 17.768 120.00 4.778 20.496 19.499 18.669 16.697 123.00 4.670 19.505 18.508 17.678 15.706 126.00 4.548 18.413 17.416 16.586 14.613 1

Tubing Outside Diame

1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 2.

5.750 14.00 5.290 24.507 23.677 21.704 19.154 117.00 5.190 23.489 22.659 20.686 18.136 120.00 5.090 22.490 21.660 19.688 17.138 122.50 4.990 21.511 20.681 18.708 16.158 125.20 4.890 20.551 19.721 17.749 15.199 1

Annular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal

DiameterAnnular Volume (barrel

in lb/ft in bbls bbls bbls bbls b




es & Displacem

ents


5 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000

12 17.742 14.099 9.971 5.357 55 17.485 13.842 9.714 5.100 23 16.953 13.310 9.182 4.568 49 16.678 13.036 8.907 4.293 95 15.925 12.282 8.154 3.540 43 14.772 11.130 7.001 2.387 34 13.764 10.121 5.993 1.379


0 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.500

06 22.463 18.335 13.721 8.621 62 21.019 16.891 12.277 7.177 44 20.001 15.873 11.259 6.159 42 19.300 15.171 10.557 5.457 56 18.513 14.385 9.770 4.671 01 17.758 13.630 9.015 3.916 77 17.034 12.906 8.291 3.192 40 16.697 12.569 7.955 2.855 85 15.742 11.614 6.999 1.900

Annular Volume for Tubing inside of Casing



56

Tubing Outs

1.900 2.375 2.875 2.87

6.000 15.00 5.524 26.135 24.162 21.612 21.616.00 5.500 25.878 23.905 21.355 21.317.00 5.450 25.346 23.373 20.823 20.818.00 5.424 25.071 23.099 20.549 20.520.00 5.352 24.318 22.345 19.795 19.723.00 5.240 23.165 21.193 18.643 18.626.00 5.140 22.157 20.184 17.634 17.6

Tubing Outs

2.375 2.875 2.875 3.50

6.625 13.00 6.255 32.526 29.976 29.976 26.117.00 6.135 31.082 28.532 28.532 24.620.00 6.049 30.064 27.514 27.514 23.622.00 5.989 29.363 26.813 26.813 22.924.00 5.921 28.576 26.026 26.026 22.126.00 5.855 27.821 25.271 25.271 21.428.00 5.791 27.097 24.547 24.547 20.629.00 5.761 26.760 24.210 24.210 20.332.00 5.675 25.805 23.255 23.255 19.3

English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal






es & Displacem

ents

57

4.866 10.738 6.124 1.024

5.980 21.852 17.238 12.138 4.945 20.817 16.203 11.103 4.221 20.093 15.478 10.379 3.824 19.696 15.082 9.982 3.454 19.326 14.712 9.612 2.719 18.591 13.976 8.877 1.967 17.838 13.224 8.124 1.605 17.477 12.863 7.763 1.246 17.117 12.503 7.404 0.532 16.404 11.790 6.690 9.989 15.861 11.247 6.147 9.896 15.767 11.153 6.053 9.474 15.346 10.732 5.632 9.428 15.299 10.685 5.585 8.501 14.373 9.759 4.659 7.542 13.414 8.800 3.700 7.361 13.233 8.619 3.519 6.240 12.112 7.498 2.398

3.771 29.642 25.028 19.929 2.396 28.268 23.654 18.554

s per 1,000 ft)

bls bbls bbls bbls

34.00 5.595 24.929 22.379 22.379 18.509 1

7.000 17.00 6.538 36.043 33.493 33.493 29.623 220.00 6.456 35.008 32.458 32.458 28.588 222.00 6.398 34.284 31.734 31.734 27.864 223.00 6.366 33.887 31.337 31.337 27.467 224.00 6.336 33.517 30.967 30.967 27.097 226.00 6.276 32.782 30.232 30.232 26.362 228.00 6.214 32.030 29.480 29.480 25.609 229.00 6.184 31.668 29.118 29.118 25.248 230.00 6.154 31.309 28.759 28.759 24.889 2

32.00 6.094 30.595 28.045 28.045 24.175 233.70 6.048 30.052 27.503 27.503 23.632 134.00 6.040 29.958 27.409 27.409 23.538 135.00 6.004 29.537 26.987 26.987 23.117 135.30 6.000 29.491 26.941 26.941 23.070 138.00 5.920 28.564 26.014 26.014 22.144 140.00 5.836 27.605 25.055 25.055 21.185 141.00 5.820 27.424 24.874 24.874 21.004 144.00 5.720 26.303 23.753 23.753 19.883 1

7.625 20.00 7.125 43.834 41.284 41.284 37.413 324.00 7.025 42.459 39.909 39.909 36.039 3


Outside Diameter

WeightInternal






es & Displacem

ents

62 31.920 27.791 23.177 18.078 14 30.371 26.243 21.628 16.529 56 28.913 24.785 20.171 15.071 71 28.128 24.000 19.386 14.286 22 27.480 23.351 18.737 13.637 35 27.093 22.964 18.350 13.250 25 24.682 20.554 15.940 10.840

03 26.260 22.132 17.518 12.418

92 37.450 33.321 28.707 23.608

23 38.880 34.752 30.137 25.038 78 37.435 33.307 28.693 23.593 53 36.010 31.882 27.268 22.168 48 34.605 30.476 25.862 20.763

86 48.143 44.015 39.401 34.301 34 46.891 42.763 38.149 33.049 47 45.405 41.276 36.662 31.562 79 43.936 39.808 35.194 30.094 21 43.179 39.050 34.436 29.336 69 42.426 38.297 33.683 28.584




58

26.40 6.990 41.983 39.433 39.433 35.529.70 6.875 40.434 37.884 37.884 34.033.70 6.765 38.976 36.427 36.427 32.536.00 6.705 38.191 35.641 35.641 31.738.00 6.655 37.542 34.993 34.993 31.139.00 6.625 37.155 34.606 34.606 30.745.30 6.435 34.745 32.195 32.195 28.3

7.75 46.10 6.560 36.323 33.773 33.773 29.9

8 26.00 7.386 47.513 44.963 44.963 41.0

8.125 28.00 7.485 48.943 46.393 46.393 42.5 32.00 7.385 47.498 44.949 44.949 41.0 35.50 7.285 46.073 43.523 43.523 39.6 39.50 7.185 44.668 42.118 42.118 38.2

8.625 24.00 8.097 58.206 55.656 55.656 51.728.00 8.017 56.954 54.404 54.404 50.532.00 7.921 55.468 52.918 52.918 49.036.00 7.825 53.999 51.449 51.449 47.538.00 7.775 53.242 50.692 50.692 46.840.00 7.725 52.489 49.939 49.939 46.0

English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal






es & Displacem

ents

59

1.321 37.192 32.578 27.478 0.935 36.806 32.192 27.093 9.639 35.510 30.896 25.796 9.259 35.130 30.516 25.416

1.098 36.969 32.355 27.256

1.215 47.087 42.473 37.373 9.710 45.582 40.968 35.868 8.980 44.851 40.237 35.137 7.125 42.996 38.382 33.283 5.236 41.107 36.493 31.393 3.739 39.610 34.996 29.897

4.245 60.117 55.503 50.403 3.157 59.029 54.415 49.315 1.765 57.636 53.022 47.923 1.142 57.014 52.400 47.300 0.281 56.153 51.539 46.439 9.665 55.536 50.922 45.823 8.915 54.786 50.172 45.072 7.661 53.533 48.919 43.819 5.220 51.091 46.477 41.377

s per 1,000 ft)

bls bbls bbls bbls

43.00 7.651 51.384 48.834 48.834 44.963 444.00 7.625 50.998 48.448 48.448 44.577 448.00 7.537 49.702 47.152 47.152 43.281 349.00 7.511 49.322 46.772 46.772 42.901 3

8.75 49.70 7.636 51.161 48.611 48.611 44.741 4

9 34.00 8.290 61.278 58.728 58.728 54.858 538.00 8.196 59.773 57.223 57.223 53.353 440.00 8.150 59.043 56.493 56.493 52.622 445.00 8.032 57.188 54.638 54.638 50.768 450.20 7.910 55.298 52.749 52.749 48.878 455.00 7.812 53.802 51.252 51.252 47.382 4

9.625 29.30 9.063 74.308 71.758 71.758 67.888 632.30 9.001 73.220 70.671 70.671 66.800 636.00 8.921 71.828 69.278 69.278 65.407 638.00 8.885 71.205 68.655 68.655 64.785 640.00 8.835 70.344 67.795 67.795 63.924 642.00 8.799 69.728 67.178 67.178 63.307 543.50 8.755 68.977 66.428 66.428 62.557 547.00 8.681 67.724 65.174 65.174 61.304 553.50 8.535 65.282 62.733 62.733 58.862 5


Outside Diameter

WeightInternal






es & Displacem

ents

14 53.571 49.443 44.829 39.729 34 52.591 48.463 43.849 38.749 27 48.584 44.456 39.842 34.742

77 55.635 51.506 46.892 41.792

62 56.720 52.591 47.977 42.878

40 69.997 65.869 61.255 56.155 19 66.676 62.547 57.933 52.834 95 65.252 61.124 56.510 51.410 63 63.420 59.292 54.678 49.578 82 61.540 57.411 52.797 47.697 54 59.511 55.383 50.769 45.669

05 85.362 81.234 76.620 71.520 99 84.256 80.128 75.514 70.414 13 82.570 78.442 73.828 68.728 70 80.627 76.499 71.885 66.785 44 79.702 75.573 70.959 65.860 47 78.704 74.576 69.962 64.862 88 77.445 73.317 68.703 63.603 32 76.990 72.861 68.247 63.147




60

58.40 8.435 63.634 61.084 61.084 57.261.10 8.375 62.654 60.104 60.104 56.271.80 8.125 58.647 56.097 56.097 52.2

9.75 59.20 8.560 65.698 63.148 63.148 59.2

9.875 62.80 8.625 66.783 64.233 64.233 60.3

10 33.00 9.384 80.060 77.511 77.511 73.641.50 9.200 76.739 74.189 74.189 70.345.50 9.120 75.315 72.765 72.765 68.850.50 9.016 73.483 70.933 70.933 67.055.50 8.908 71.603 69.053 69.053 65.161.20 8.790 69.574 67.024 67.024 63.1

10.75 32.75 10.192 95.425 92.875 92.875 89.035.75 10.136 94.319 91.770 91.770 87.840.50 10.050 92.633 90.083 90.083 86.245.50 9.950 90.690 88.140 88.140 84.248.00 9.902 89.765 87.215 87.215 83.351.00 9.850 88.767 86.217 86.217 82.354.00 9.784 87.508 84.958 84.958 81.055.50 9.760 87.053 84.503 84.503 80.6

English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal






es & Displacem

ents

61

5.103 70.975 66.361 61.261 3.236 69.108 64.494 59.394 1.205 67.077 62.462 57.363 9.379 65.250 60.636 55.536 7.572 63.444 58.829 53.730

5.223 101.094 96.480 91.381 3.797 99.669 95.055 89.955 1.995 97.867 93.253 88.153 9.445 95.317 90.702 85.603 7.173 93.045 88.431 83.331 5.298 91.169 86.555 81.456 3.315 89.186 84.572 79.472

5.900 91.772 87.158 82.058

0.345 106.217 101.602 96.503

7.384 123.256 118.642 113.542 3.639 119.510 114.896 109.796

4.735 130.606 125.992 120.893 2.856 128.728 124.113 119.014

s per 1,000 ft)

bls bbls bbls bbls

60.70 9.660 85.166 82.616 82.616 78.746 765.70 9.560 83.299 80.749 80.749 76.879 771.10 9.450 81.268 78.718 78.718 74.848 776.00 9.350 79.442 76.892 76.892 73.021 681.00 9.250 77.635 75.085 75.085 71.215 6

11.75 38.00 11.150 115.286 112.736 112.736 108.866 1042.00 11.084 113.860 111.310 111.310 107.440 1047.00 11.000 112.058 109.508 109.508 105.638 1054.00 10.880 109.508 106.958 106.958 103.088 960.00 10.772 107.236 104.686 104.686 100.816 965.00 10.682 105.361 102.811 102.811 98.941 971.00 10.586 103.377 100.828 100.828 96.957 9

11.875 71.80 10.711 105.963 103.414 103.414 99.543 9

12 40.00 11.384 120.408 117.858 117.858 113.988 11

12.75 43.00 12.130 137.447 134.897 134.897 131.027 1253.00 11.970 133.702 131.152 131.152 127.281 12

13 40.00 12.438 144.798 142.248 142.248 138.378 1345.00 12.360 142.919 140.369 140.369 136.499 13


Outside Diameter

WeightInternal






es & Displacem

ents

32 130.989 126.860 122.246 117.147 56 129.513 125.385 120.771 115.671




62

anchoranchor

50.00 12.282 141.052 138.502 138.502 134.654.00 12.220 139.576 137.026 137.026 133.1

English Units

Outside Diameter

WeightInternal






es & Displacem

ents

63

arrels per 1,000 m)

Liters Liters Liters

(mm)

60.325 73.025 73.025

5.615 4.286 4.286 5.458 4.129 4.129 5.352 4.023 4.023 5.246 3.917 3.917 5.077 3.748 3.748 4.925 3.596 3.596 4.557 3.227 3.227 4.280 2.951 2.951 4.065 2.736 2.736 3.853 2.524 2.524

5.582 4.253 4.253

(mm)

73.025 73.025 88.9

6.345 6.345 4.327 6.042 6.042 4.024 5.654 5.654 3.636 5.074 5.074 3.056

Annular Volume for Tubing Inside of Casing Metric Units

Outside Diameter

Weight Internal Diameter Annular Volume (b

mm kg/m mm Liters Liters Liters Liters

Tubing Diameter

26.67 33.401 42.164 48.26

114.300 14.14 103.89 7.913 7.596 7.076 6.643 15.62 102.92 7.757 7.439 6.919 6.487 16.37 102.26 7.650 7.333 6.813 6.380 17.26 101.60 7.545 7.227 6.707 6.275 18.75 100.53 7.375 7.058 6.538 6.105 20.09 99.57 7.224 6.906 6.387 5.954 22.47 97.18 6.855 6.538 6.018 5.585 24.70 95.35 6.579 6.261 5.741 5.309 26.34 93.90 6.363 6.046 5.526 5.094 27.97 92.46 6.152 5.834 5.315 4.882

120.650 23.81 103.68 7.880 7.563 7.043 6.610

Tubing Diameter

33.401 42.164 48.26 60.325

127.000 17.11 115.82 9.655 9.135 8.702 7.674 19.34 114.15 9.352 8.832 8.400 7.371 22.32 111.96 8.964 8.445 8.012 6.984 26.78 108.61 8.384 7.864 7.431 6.403




es & Displacem

ents

6.009 4.680 4.680 2.662 5.882 4.553 4.553 2.535 5.426 4.096 4.096 2.078

10.028 8.699 8.699 6.681 9.865 8.536 8.536 6.518 9.673 8.343 8.343 6.326 9.552 8.223 8.223 6.205 9.263 7.934 7.934 5.916 8.705 7.376 7.376 5.358 8.188 6.859 6.859 4.841 7.619 6.289 6.289 4.271

Diameter (mm)

73.025 73.025 88.9 101.6

9.986 9.986 7.968 6.069 9.455 9.455 7.438 5.538 8.935 8.935 6.917 5.018 8.424 8.424 6.406 4.507 7.924 7.924 5.906 4.007

Annular Volume for Tubing Inside of Casing

Volume (barrels per 1,000 m)


64

30.21 106.27 7.990 7.470 7.037 31.25 105.51 7.863 7.343 6.911 34.52 102.72 7.406 6.887 6.454

139.700 19.34 128.12 12.009 11.489 11.056 20.83 127.30 11.846 11.326 10.893 22.32 126.34 11.654 11.134 10.701 23.06 125.73 11.533 11.013 10.581 25.30 124.26 11.244 10.724 10.292 29.76 121.36 10.686 10.166 9.733 34.22 118.62 10.169 9.649 9.217 38.69 115.52 9.599 9.080 8.647

Tubing

42.164 48.26 60.325

146.050 20.83 134.37 12.777 12.344 11.315 25.30 131.83 12.246 11.813 10.785 29.76 129.29 11.725 11.292 10.264 33.48 126.75 11.215 10.782 9.754 37.50 124.21 10.714 10.282 9.253

Metric Units

Outside Diameter

Weight Internal Diameter Annular

mm kg/m mm Liters Liters Liters




es & Displacem

ents

65

(mm)

88.9 101.6 114.3

9.250 7.351 5.198 9.116 7.217 5.064 8.839 6.939 4.787 8.695 6.796 4.644 8.302 6.403 4.251 7.702 5.802 3.650 7.176 5.277 3.124

(mm)

101.6 114.3 127

11.711 9.559 7.153 10.958 8.806 6.400 10.428 8.275 5.870 10.062 7.910 5.504 9.652 7.499 5.094 9.258 7.106 4.700 8.881 6.728 4.323 8.705 6.553 4.147 8.207 6.055 3.649

arrels per 1,000 m)


Tubing Diameter

48.26 60.325 73.025 73.025

152.400 22.32 140.31 13.625 12.597 11.268 11.268 23.81 139.70 13.491 12.463 11.134 11.134 25.30 138.43 13.214 12.186 10.856 10.856 26.78 137.77 13.071 12.043 10.713 10.713 29.76 135.94 12.678 11.650 10.320 10.320 34.22 133.10 12.077 11.049 9.719 9.719 38.69 130.56 11.552 10.523 9.194 9.194

Tubing Diameter

60.325 73.025 73.025 88.9

168.275 19.34 158.88 16.958 15.628 15.628 13.610 25.30 155.83 16.205 14.875 14.875 12.857 29.76 153.64 15.674 14.345 14.345 12.327 32.74 152.12 15.308 13.979 13.979 11.961 35.71 150.39 14.898 13.569 13.569 11.551 38.69 148.72 14.504 13.175 13.175 11.157 41.66 147.09 14.127 12.798 12.798 10.780 43.15 146.33 13.951 12.622 12.622 10.604 47.62 144.15 13.453 12.124 12.124 10.106


Outside Diameter






es & Displacem

ents

9.650 7.750 5.598 3.193

15.444 13.545 11.392 8.987 14.904 13.005 10.853 8.447 14.527 12.628 10.475 8.070 14.320 12.421 10.268 7.863 14.127 12.228 10.075 7.670 13.744 11.845 9.692 7.287 13.351 11.452 9.300 6.894 13.163 11.264 9.112 6.706 12.976 11.077 8.924 6.519 12.603 10.704 8.552 6.146 12.321 10.422 8.269 5.864 12.272 10.373 8.220 5.815 12.052 10.153 8.001 5.595 12.028 10.129 7.976 5.571 11.545 9.646 7.493 5.088 11.045 9.146 6.993 4.588 10.950 9.051 6.899 4.493 10.366 8.467 6.314 3.909

19.506 17.606 15.454 13.049 18.789 16.890 14.737 12.332




66

50.59 142.11 12.997 11.667 11.667

177.800 25.30 166.07 18.791 17.462 17.462 29.76 163.98 18.251 16.922 16.922 32.74 162.51 17.874 16.545 16.545 34.22 161.70 17.667 16.338 16.338 35.71 160.93 17.474 16.145 16.145 38.69 159.41 17.091 15.761 15.761 41.66 157.84 16.699 15.369 15.369 43.15 157.07 16.510 15.181 15.181 44.64 156.31 16.323 14.993 14.993

47.62 154.79 15.951 14.621 14.621 50.14 153.62 15.668 14.338 14.338 50.59 153.42 15.619 14.289 14.289 52.08 152.50 15.399 14.070 14.070 52.53 152.40 15.375 14.046 14.046 56.54 150.37 14.892 13.563 13.563 59.52 148.23 14.392 13.063 13.063 61.01 147.83 14.297 12.968 12.968 65.47 145.29 13.713 12.384 12.384

193.675 29.76 180.98 22.853 21.523 21.523 35.71 178.44 22.136 20.807 20.807

Metric Units

Outside Diameter






es & Displacem

ents

67

16.641 14.489 12.084 15.834 13.682 11.276 15.074 12.922 10.516 14.665 12.512 10.107 14.326 12.174 9.769 14.125 11.972 9.567 12.868 10.716 8.310

13.691 11.538 9.133

19.524 17.372 14.967

20.270 18.118 15.712 19.517 17.365 14.959 18.774 16.622 14.216 18.041 15.889 13.483

25.100 22.947 20.542 24.447 22.294 19.889 23.672 21.519 19.114 22.906 20.754 18.348 22.511 20.359 17.953 22.119 19.966 17.561

arrels per 1,000 m)


39.28 177.55 21.888 20.558 20.558 18.541 44.19 174.63 21.080 19.751 19.751 17.733 50.14 171.83 20.320 18.991 18.991 16.973 53.57 170.31 19.911 18.582 18.582 16.564 56.54 169.04 19.573 18.243 18.243 16.226 58.03 168.28 19.371 18.042 18.042 16.024 67.41 163.45 18.114 16.785 16.785 14.767

196.850 68.60 166.62 18.937 17.608 17.608 15.590

203.200 38.69 187.60 24.771 23.441 23.441 21.424

206.375 41.66 190.12 25.516 24.187 24.187 22.169 47.62 187.58 24.763 23.434 23.434 21.416 52.82 185.04 24.020 22.691 22.691 20.673 58.78 182.50 23.288 21.958 21.958 19.940

219.075 35.71 205.66 30.346 29.016 29.016 26.999 41.66 203.63 29.693 28.364 28.364 26.346 47.62 201.19 28.918 27.589 27.589 25.571 53.57 198.76 28.153 26.823 26.823 24.805 56.54 197.49 27.758 26.428 26.428 24.410 59.52 196.22 27.365 26.036 26.036 24.018


Outside Diameter






es & Displacem

ents

23.442 21.543 19.390 16.985 23.240 21.341 19.189 16.783 22.565 20.666 18.513 16.108 22.367 20.468 18.315 15.910

23.326 21.426 19.274 16.868

28.600 26.701 24.549 22.143 27.816 25.916 23.764 21.358 27.435 25.536 23.383 20.978 26.468 24.569 22.416 20.011 25.483 23.584 21.431 19.026 24.702 22.803 20.651 18.245

35.394 33.494 31.342 28.937 34.826 32.927 30.775 28.369 34.100 32.201 30.049 27.643 33.776 31.876 29.724 27.319 33.327 31.428 29.275 26.870 33.005 31.106 28.954 26.548 32.614 30.715 28.563 26.157 31.961 30.062 27.909 25.504 30.688 28.789 26.636 24.231




68

63.98 194.34 26.789 25.459 25.459 65.47 193.68 26.588 25.258 25.258 71.42 191.44 25.912 24.583 24.583 72.91 190.78 25.714 24.384 24.384

222.250 73.95 193.95 26.673 25.343 25.343

228.600 50.59 210.57 31.948 30.618 30.618 56.54 208.18 31.163 29.833 29.833 59.52 207.01 30.782 29.453 29.453 66.96 204.01 29.815 28.486 28.486 74.70 200.91 28.830 27.501 27.501 81.84 198.42 28.050 26.720 26.720

244.475 43.60 230.20 38.741 37.411 37.411 48.06 228.63 38.174 36.844 36.844 53.57 226.59 37.447 36.118 36.118 56.54 225.68 37.123 35.793 35.793 59.52 224.41 36.674 35.345 35.345 62.50 223.49 36.353 35.023 35.023 64.73 222.38 35.961 34.632 34.632 69.94 220.50 35.308 33.979 33.979 79.61 216.79 34.035 32.706 32.706

Metric Units

Outside Diameter






es & Displacem

ents

69

27.929 25.777 23.371 27.419 25.266 22.861 25.330 23.177 20.772

29.005 26.853 24.447

29.571 27.419 25.013

36.493 34.341 31.935 34.762 32.609 30.204 34.019 31.867 29.461 33.064 30.912 28.506 32.084 29.931 27.526 31.026 28.874 26.468

44.504 42.351 39.946 43.927 41.775 39.369 43.048 40.896 38.490 42.035 39.883 37.477 41.553 39.400 36.995 41.032 38.880 36.475 40.376 38.224 35.818 40.139 37.986 35.581

arrels per 1,000 m)


86.90 214.25 33.176 31.846 31.846 29.828 90.92 212.73 32.665 31.336 31.336 29.318 106.84 206.38 30.576 29.246 29.246 27.229

247.650 88.09 217.42 34.252 32.922 32.922 30.904

250.825 93.45 219.08 34.817 33.488 33.488 31.470

254.000 49.10 238.35 41.740 40.410 40.410 38.392 61.75 233.68 40.008 38.678 38.678 36.661 67.70 231.65 39.266 37.936 37.936 35.918 75.14 229.01 38.310 36.981 36.981 34.963 82.58 226.26 37.330 36.001 36.001 33.983 91.06 223.27 36.272 34.943 34.943 32.925

273.050 48.73 258.88 49.750 48.421 48.421 46.403 53.20 257.45 49.174 47.844 47.844 45.826 60.26 255.27 48.294 46.965 46.965 44.947 67.70 252.73 47.281 45.952 45.952 43.934 71.42 251.51 46.799 45.470 45.470 43.452 75.89 250.19 46.279 44.949 44.949 42.932 80.35 248.51 45.622 44.293 44.293 42.275 82.58 247.90 45.385 44.056 44.056 42.038


Outside Diameter






es & Displacem

ents

41.054 39.155 37.003 34.597 40.081 38.182 36.029 33.624 39.022 37.123 34.970 32.565 38.070 36.171 34.018 31.613 37.128 35.229 33.076 30.671

56.757 54.858 52.706 50.300 56.014 54.115 51.963 49.557 55.075 53.175 51.023 48.618 53.745 51.846 49.693 47.288 52.561 50.661 48.509 46.104 51.583 49.684 47.531 45.126 50.549 48.650 46.497 44.092

51.897 49.998 47.845 45.440

59.428 57.528 55.376 52.971

68.311 66.412 64.260 61.854 66.358 64.459 62.307 59.901

72.143 70.244 68.092 65.686 71.164 69.265 67.112 64.707




70

90.32 245.36 44.401 43.072 43.072 97.76 242.82 43.428 42.099 42.099 105.80 240.03 42.369 41.040 41.040 113.09 237.49 41.417 40.088 40.088 120.53 234.95 40.475 39.146 39.146

298.450 56.54 283.21 60.104 58.775 58.775 62.50 281.53 59.361 58.032 58.032 69.94 279.40 58.422 57.092 57.092 80.35 276.35 57.092 55.763 55.763 89.28 273.61 55.908 54.578 54.578 96.72 271.32 54.930 53.601 53.601 105.65 268.88 53.896 52.567 52.567

301.625 106.84 272.06 55.244 53.915 53.915

304.800 59.52 289.15 62.775 61.445 61.445

323.850 63.98 308.10 71.658 70.329 70.329 78.86 304.04 69.705 68.376 68.376

330.200 59.52 315.93 75.490 74.161 74.161 66.96 313.94 74.511 73.181 73.181

Metric Units

Outside Diameter






es & Displacem

ents

71

aaa

68.291 66.139 63.733 67.522 65.369 62.964

arrels per 1,000 m)


nchornchornchor

74.40 311.96 73.537 72.208 72.208 70.190 80.35 310.39 72.768 71.439 71.439 69.421


Outside Diameter




Pipe Data Tables & ChartsPipe Sizes, Volumes & Displacements

72

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsCoiled Tubing Performance Data

Coiled Tubing Performance DataThe columns in the following tables are defined as:

EquationsThe cross sectional area of the steel is:

The yield load is:

The yield pressure assuming the minimum wall thickness is:

Outside Diameter Nominal OD of the CT

Wall Thickness Nominal Nominal wall thickness

Wall Thickness Minimum Minimum wall thickness

Weight Weight of the CT per unit length

Yield Load

Axial load at which new straight CT will yield with no internal or external pressure. See the “Stress Limits” description for pressure correction. Axial load is not the same as “weight” read on a weight indicator. See the “Stress Limits” description for clarification.

Yield Pressure Internal pressure at which yielding begins in new straight pipe with no axial load applied

Yield TorqueTorque at which new straight CT will yield with no internal or external pressure, and no axial load applied

Elastic StretchThe amount of elastic stretch for new straight CT of a certain length (1,000 ft. or 1,000 m) when a certain axial load is applied (1,000 lb. or 1,000 kg.)

Collapse Pressure Fa = 0External pressure at which new straight CT with 0%, 2% and 4% ovality will collapse with no inter-nal pressure and no axial load

Collapse Pressure Fa = Fy/2

External pressure at which new straight CT with 0%, 2% and 4% ovality will collapse with no inter-nal pressure and a tensile axial load of half the yield load

( )2 2o iA r rπ= −

y yF Aσ=

minyy

o

tP

rσ

=

1


The yield torque for steel is:

The elastic stretch for CT that has never been bent is:

The ovality is defined as:

The collapse calculation is based on the equations in reference 1. Due to their length these equations are not reproduced in this handbook.

Nomenclature

ReferencesAPI Recommended Practice 5C7, First Edition: “Recommended Practice for Coiled Tubing Operations in Oil and Gas Well Services”, December 1996

A = cross sectional area of the CT wall = Ao - AI

AI = internal cross sectional area of CT = πri2

Ao = external cross sectional area of CT = πro2

E = modulus of elasticity - 27 x 106 psi used for tables

Fy = axial yield load of the CT

L = length of the CT section

Py = internal pressure required to yield the CT

rI = internal radius of the CT

ro = nominal external radius of the CT

ro-max = the largest radius for oval tubing

ro-min = the smallest radius for oval tubing

t = nominal wall thickness of the CT = ro-rItmin = minimum wall thickness of the CT

Ty = yield torque

δaf = stretch due to axial force

φ = ovality of the CT

( )( )44min0.5773

2y o o

yo

r r tT

r

σ π − −=

aaf

F LAE

δ =

max mino o

o

r rr

φ − −−=

2


hartsC

oiled Tubing Performance D

ata

3

Collapse Pressures

Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%

/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

psi psi psi psi

6,442 4,409 5,146 3,5227,257 4,967 5,859 4,0107,978 5,460 6,496 4,4468,705 5,957 7,143 4,889

4,671 3,197 3,655 2,5025,437 3,721 4,279 2,9285,999 4,106 4,762 3,2596,564 4,492 5,252 3,5957,298 4,995 5,895 4,0357,627 5,220 6,185 4,2338,372 5,730 6,846 4,6859,540 6,530 7,894 5,40210,212 6,989 8,501 5,81911,810 8,083 9,965 6,820

4,016 2,748 3,129 2,1414,561 3,122 3,566 2,4415,116 3,501 4,016 2,749

Grade 7070,000 psi Yield Strength (english units)

Wall Thickness

OD Nom. Min. Wt.Yield Load

Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy

in in in lb/ft lb psi ft-lb ft * psi psi

1.000 0.087 0.082 0.85 16,554 11,480 338 0.1484 10,539 7,2131.000 0.095 0.090 0.92 18,011 12,600 362 0.1371 11,466 7,8471.000 0.102 0.097 0.98 19,262 13,580 382 0.1287 12,263 8,3931.000 0.109 0.104 1.04 20,492 14,560 401 0.1214 13,046 8,929

1.250 0.087 0.082 1.08 21,062 9,184 556 0.1165 7,974 5,4581.250 0.095 0.090 1.17 22,959 10,080 598 0.1074 9,335 6,3891.250 0.102 0.097 1.25 24,595 10,864 634 0.1007 10,021 6,8581.250 0.109 0.104 1.33 26,210 11,648 668 0.0948 10,679 7,3091.250 0.118 0.113 1.43 28,254 12,265 710 0.0883 11,512 7,8791.250 0.125 0.117 1.50 29,152 13,104 728 0.0838 11,877 8,1291.250 0.134 0.126 1.60 31,145 14,112 767 0.0788 12,690 8,6851.250 0.145 0.140 1.71 34,174 15,680 823 0.0736 13,924 9,5301.250 0.156 0.148 1.82 35,867 16,576 853 0.0691 14,613 10,0021.250 0.175 0.167 2.01 39,773 18,704 919 0.0627 16,205 11,091

1.500 0.095 0.090 1.42 27,907 8,400 893 0.0883 6,784 4,6431.500 0.102 0.097 1.52 29,928 9,053 949 0.0827 7,776 5,3221.500 0.109 0.104 1.62 31,928 9,707 1,003 0.0778 8,768 6,001

* Feet of stretch when 1,000 lbs of force is applied to a section 1,000 ft. long.


hartsC


ata

2 6,675 5,773 3,951 4,566 3,1258 6,891 6,039 4,133 4,797 3,2832 7,373 6,645 4,548 5,323 3,6437 8,108 7,599 5,201 6,161 4,2160 8,521 8,150 5,578 6,649 4,5511 9,480 9,471 6,482 7,831 5,359

2 3,978 3,489 2,388 2,712 1,8562 4,560 3,949 2,703 3,076 2,1055 5,308 4,550 3,114 3,557 2,4351 5,641 4,820 3,299 3,776 2,5845 6,389 5,437 3,721 4,279 2,9284 7,052 6,240 4,271 4,971 3,4029 7,418 6,703 4,587 5,373 3,6785 8,271 7,815 5,349 6,352 4,3479 8,842 8,586 5,876 7,036 4,816

3 3,479 3,099 2,121 2,406 1,647

0 4,134 3,612 2,472 2,809 1,922

Grade 70

Collapse Pressures

ality = 0% Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%

0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

psi psi psi psi psi

4

1.500 0.118 0.113 1.74 34,467 10,547 1,070 0.0723 9,751.500 0.125 0.117 1.83 35,584 10,920 1,099 0.0686 10,061.500 0.134 0.126 1.95 38,072 11,760 1,162 0.0644 10,771.500 0.145 0.140 2.10 41,871 13,067 1,255 0.0600 11,841.500 0.156 0.148 2.24 44,003 13,813 1,305 0.0562 12,451.500 0.175 0.167 2.47 48,955 15,587 1,417 0.0508 13,85

1.750 0.102 0.097 1.79 35,261 7,760 1,329 0.0701 5,811.750 0.109 0.104 1.91 37,645 8,320 1,408 0.0659 6,661.750 0.118 0.113 2.05 40,679 9,040 1,506 0.0612 7,751.750 0.125 0.117 2.17 42,017 9,360 1,548 0.0580 8,241.750 0.134 0.126 2.31 44,999 10,080 1,641 0.0544 9,331.750 0.145 0.140 2.48 49,568 11,200 1,779 0.0507 10,301.750 0.156 0.148 2.65 52,140 11,840 1,855 0.0474 10,831.750 0.175 0.167 2.94 58,136 13,360 2,025 0.0428 12,081.750 0.188 0.180 3.13 62,147 14,400 2,133 0.0401 12,91

2.000 0.109 0.104 2.20 43,363 7,280 1,880 0.0572 5,08

2.000 0.118 0.113 2.37 46,892 7,910 2,015 0.0531 6,04

70,000 psi Yield Strength (english units)

Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ov

Fa=

in in in lb/ft lb psi ft-lb ft * psi



hartsC


ata

5

3,842 2,630 2,991 2,0474,365 2,988 3,409 2,3335,196 3,556 4,082 2,7935,640 3,860 4,452 3,0476,594 4,513 5,279 3,6137,257 4,967 5,859 4,0108,185 5,602 6,679 4,572

2,789 1,909 2,167 1,4833,218 2,203 2,500 1,7113,894 2,665 3,032 2,0754,433 3,034 3,463 2,3705,386 3,686 4,237 2,9005,944 4,068 4,715 3,2276,581 4,504 5,267 3,6058,005 5,479 6,520 4,462

3,250 2,225 2,524 1,7283,730 2,553 2,902 1,986

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

2.000 0.125 0.117 2.50 48,449 8,190 2,074 0.0503 6,465 4,4252.000 0.134 0.126 2.67 51,926 8,820 2,203 0.0471 7,421 5,0792.000 0.145 0.140 2.87 57,265 9,800 2,396 0.0438 8,910 6,0982.000 0.156 0.148 3.07 60,277 10,360 2,502 0.0410 9,593 6,5662.000 0.175 0.167 3.41 67,317 11,690 2,743 0.0369 10,714 7,3332.000 0.188 0.180 3.63 72,043 12,600 2,898 0.0346 11,466 7,8472.000 0.203 0.198 3.89 78,464 13,860 3,101 0.0323 12,488 8,547

2.375 0.125 0.117 3.00 58,098 6,897 3,008 0.0419 4,501 3,0812.375 0.134 0.126 3.20 62,317 7,427 3,202 0.0393 5,307 3,6322.375 0.145 0.140 3.45 68,810 8,253 3,495 0.0365 6,560 4,4902.375 0.156 0.151 3.69 73,852 8,901 3,717 0.0341 7,544 5,1642.375 0.175 0.170 4.11 82,434 10,021 4,083 0.0306 9,245 6,3282.375 0.188 0.183 4.39 88,214 10,787 4,323 0.0287 9,956 6,8142.375 0.203 0.198 4.70 94,792 11,672 4,588 0.0267 10,699 7,3222.375 0.236 0.231 5.39 108,914 13,617 5,129 0.0234 12,292 8,413

2.625 0.145 0.140 3.84 76,507 7,467 4,343 0.0328 5,366 3,6732.625 0.156 0.151 4.11 82,153 8,053 4,625 0.0306 6,257 4,282


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy




hartsC


ata

6 5,336 4,572 3,129 3,576 2,4479 6,056 5,161 3,533 4,054 2,7743 6,682 5,782 3,957 4,575 3,1316 7,690 7,052 4,827 5,679 3,887

4 3,555 3,158 2,161 2,452 1,6799 4,516 3,915 2,679 3,049 2,0870 5,174 4,442 3,040 3,470 2,3759 5,933 5,060 3,463 3,971 2,7185 7,080 6,275 4,295 5,001 3,423

0 2,190 2,095 1,434 1,639 1,1224 2,980 2,711 1,855 2,106 1,4424 3,520 3,131 2,143 2,432 1,6645 4,144 3,620 2,478 2,815 1,9279 5,516 4,719 3,229 3,694 2,528

9 2,347 2,218 1,518 1,732 1,1854 2,994 2,722 1,863 2,115 1,447

Grade 70

Collapse Pressures

ality = 0% Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%

0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

psi psi psi psi psi

6

2.625 0.175 0.170 4.57 91,780 9,067 5,093 0.0275 7,792.625 0.188 0.183 4.89 98,275 9,760 5,400 0.0257 8,842.625 0.203 0.198 5.25 105,678 10,560 5,742 0.0240 9,762.625 0.236 0.231 6.02 121,614 12,320 6,446 0.0209 11,23

2.875 0.156 0.151 4.53 90,455 7,353 5,633 0.0278 5,192.875 0.175 0.170 5.04 101,126 8,278 6,215 0.0250 6,592.875 0.188 0.183 5.39 108,336 8,911 6,599 0.0233 7,562.875 0.203 0.198 5.79 116,563 9,642 7,027 0.0217 8,662.875 0.236 0.231 6.64 134,314 11,249 7,916 0.0189 10,34

3.500 0.156 0.151 5.57 111,209 6,040 8,590 0.0226 3,203.500 0.175 0.170 6.21 124,492 6,800 9,512 0.0203 4,353.500 0.188 0.183 6.64 133,489 7,320 10,125 0.0189 5,143.500 0.203 0.198 7.14 143,777 7,920 10,812 0.0176 6,053.500 0.236 0.231 8.22 166,064 9,240 12,257 0.0153 8,05

4.500 0.204 0.199 9.35 188,222 6,191 18,652 0.0135 3,424.500 0.224 0.219 10.22 206,176 6,813 20,251 0.0123 4,37


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ov

Fa=

in in in lb/ft lb psi ft-lb ft * psi



hartsC


ata

7

3,023 2,069 2,348 1,6073,377 2,311 2,624 1,796

2,003 1,371 1,546 1,0582,132 1,459 1,667 1,141

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

4.500 0.236 0.231 10.74 216,863 7,187 21,188 0.0117 4,941 3,3824.500 0.250 0.245 11.34 229,252 7,622 22,260 0.0111 5,603 3,834

6.625 0.280 0.270 18.95 377,335 5,706 55,430 0.0066 3,199 2,1906.625 0.300 0.288 20.24 401,351 6,086 58,640 0.0062 3,270 2,238


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy




hartsC


ataGrade 70

Collapse Pressures

Ovality = 0% Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

72,661 49,730 44,417 30,399 35,482 24,28479,055 54,106 50,034 34,244 40,395 27,64784,548 57,866 55,004 37,646 44,785 30,65189,947 61,561 60,015 41,075 49,247 33,706

54,979 37,629 32,207 22,043 25,203 17,24964,360 44,049 37,486 25,656 29,501 20,19169,091 47,287 41,362 28,309 32,833 22,47173,628 50,392 45,254 30,973 36,211 24,78379,371 54,323 50,316 34,437 40,644 27,81783,769 57,333 54,291 37,158 44,153 30,21989,334 61,142 59,441 40,682 48,734 33,35496,001 65,704 65,778 45,019 54,424 37,24802,518 70,164 72,146 49,378 60,197 41,20013,422 77,627 83,166 56,920 70,315 48,125

46,771 32,011 27,686 18,949 21,572 14,76453,611 36,692 31,447 21,523 24,590 16,82960,452 41,374 35,271 24,140 27,691 18,952

8

483 MPa Yield Strength (metric units)

Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

mm mm mm kg/m N kPa N-m m *

25.40 2.21 2.08 1.26 73,574 79,151 458 0.327325.40 2.41 2.29 1.36 80,048 86,873 491 0.302425.40 2.59 2.46 1.45 85,610 93,630 518 0.283825.40 2.77 2.64 1.54 91,077 100,387 543 0.2677

31.75 2.21 2.08 1.61 93,610 63,321 753 0.256931.75 2.41 2.29 1.74 102,039 69,499 810 0.236931.75 2.59 2.46 1.86 109,312 74,904 858 0.222031.75 2.77 2.64 1.97 116,489 80,309 905 0.209031.75 3.00 2.87 2.12 125,575 87,259 962 0.194631.75 3.18 3.05 2.23 132,533 92,665 1,004 0.184931.75 3.40 3.28 2.37 141,339 99,615 1,056 0.173831.75 3.68 3.56 2.54 151,886 108,109 1,115 0.162231.75 3.96 3.84 2.71 162,196 116,603 1,171 0.1523 131.75 4.45 4.32 2.99 179,448 131,275 1,258 0.1382 1

38.10 2.41 2.29 2.12 124,030 57,915 1,210 0.194838.10 2.59 2.46 2.26 133,013 62,420 1,286 0.182338.10 2.77 2.64 2.41 141,901 66,925 1,359 0.1715

* Meters of stretch when 1,000 kgs of force is applied to a section 1,000 m long.


hartsC


ata

9

6,019 39,800 27,240 31,484 21,5488,623 43,025 29,447 34,273 23,4571,929 47,216 32,315 37,924 25,9565,904 52,395 35,860 42,476 29,0719,809 57,625 39,439 47,114 32,2456,387 66,741 45,679 55,294 37,844

7,425 24,058 16,466 18,697 12,7971,437 27,230 18,637 21,209 14,5156,597 31,370 21,470 24,527 16,7870,610 34,642 23,710 27,179 18,6025,109 38,689 26,479 30,528 20,8948,623 43,025 29,447 34,273 23,4572,085 47,416 32,452 38,099 26,0767,942 55,106 37,715 44,875 30,7131,859 60,426 41,356 49,615 33,957

3,985 21,366 14,623 16,591 11,3558,499 24,904 17,045 19,364 13,253

Collapse Pressures

0% Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%

a=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

38.10 3.00 2.87 2.59 153,186 72,716 1,450 0.1594 67,238 438.10 3.18 3.05 2.73 161,855 77,221 1,518 0.1512 71,043 438.10 3.40 3.28 2.91 172,859 83,012 1,602 0.1420 75,873 538.10 3.68 3.56 3.12 186,094 90,091 1,700 0.1323 81,682 538.10 3.96 3.84 3.33 199,092 97,169 1,793 0.1240 87,388 538.10 4.45 4.32 3.68 220,987 109,396 1,942 0.1121 96,998 6

44.45 2.59 2.46 2.67 156,715 53,503 1,800 0.1546 40,070 244.45 2.77 2.64 2.84 167,313 57,364 1,907 0.1453 45,933 344.45 3.00 2.87 3.06 180,798 62,328 2,039 0.1350 53,472 344.45 3.18 3.05 3.22 191,176 66,189 2,139 0.1280 59,335 444.45 3.40 3.28 3.44 204,380 71,153 2,264 0.1200 65,908 444.45 3.68 3.56 3.69 220,302 77,221 2,410 0.1117 71,043 444.45 3.96 3.84 3.95 235,988 83,288 2,550 0.1045 76,101 544.45 4.45 4.32 4.38 262,525 93,768 2,777 0.0943 84,659 544.45 4.78 4.65 4.66 280,276 100,938 2,922 0.0885 90,383 6

50.80 2.77 2.64 3.27 192,725 50,193 2,547 0.1261 35,045 250.80 3.00 2.87 3.53 208,409 54,537 2,730 0.1171 41,641 2

Grade 70483 MPa Yield Strength (metric units)

Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 F

mm mm mm kg/m N kPa N-m m * kPa



hartsC


ata

46,771 32,011 27,686 18,949 21,572 14,76453,367 36,525 31,312 21,430 24,480 16,75561,429 42,043 35,823 24,518 28,141 19,26067,375 46,112 39,915 27,318 31,583 21,61675,073 51,381 46,514 31,835 37,310 25,53680,240 54,917 51,095 34,970 41,329 28,28686,100 58,928 56,432 38,623 46,053 31,519

32,884 22,507 20,215 13,835 15,698 10,74438,439 26,308 23,182 15,866 18,009 12,32645,228 30,955 26,846 18,374 20,903 14,30652,017 35,601 30,565 20,919 23,879 16,34363,743 43,627 37,135 25,415 29,214 19,99468,645 46,981 40,984 28,050 32,506 22,24773,763 50,485 45,372 31,053 36,314 24,85484,753 58,006 55,192 37,774 44,951 30,765

36,999 25,323 22,410 15,338 17,405 11,91243,141 29,527 25,715 17,599 20,005 13,692

Grade 70

Collapse Pressures




10

50.80 3.18 3.05 3.72 220,498 57,915 2,868 0.110950.80 3.40 3.28 3.97 235,901 62,259 3,042 0.104050.80 3.68 3.56 4.27 254,511 67,568 3,246 0.096650.80 3.96 3.84 4.57 272,885 72,877 3,443 0.090450.80 4.45 4.32 5.07 304,064 82,047 3,765 0.081450.80 4.78 4.65 5.41 324,991 88,321 3,973 0.076350.80 5.16 5.03 5.79 348,727 95,561 4,201 0.0713

60.33 3.18 3.05 4.46 264,480 48,771 4,163 0.092460.33 3.40 3.28 4.77 283,181 52,429 4,424 0.086660.33 3.68 3.56 5.13 305,824 56,899 4,734 0.080460.33 3.96 3.84 5.50 328,229 61,370 5,035 0.075160.33 4.45 4.32 6.11 366,373 69,092 5,531 0.067560.33 4.78 4.65 6.53 392,064 74,376 5,856 0.063260.33 5.16 5.03 7.00 421,298 80,472 6,214 0.059060.33 5.99 5.87 8.01 484,063 93,884 6,948 0.0515

66.68 3.68 3.56 5.71 340,032 51,480 5,883 0.072366.68 3.96 3.84 6.11 365,125 55,525 6,265 0.0675


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch




hartsC


ata

11

6,788 31,525 21,576 24,652 16,8721,756 35,586 24,356 27,948 19,1286,072 39,866 27,285 31,540 21,5873,020 48,622 33,278 39,156 26,799

4,508 21,774 14,903 16,909 11,5731,138 26,992 18,474 21,019 14,3865,675 30,624 20,960 23,926 16,3760,909 34,888 23,878 27,379 18,7398,816 43,267 29,612 34,482 23,600

5,099 14,443 9,885 11,301 7,7340,545 18,690 12,792 14,523 9,9404,272 21,590 14,776 16,765 11,4748,571 24,960 17,083 19,409 13,2848,030 32,533 22,266 25,467 17,430

6,182 15,292 10,466 11,939 8,1710,641 18,764 12,842 14,580 9,979

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

66.68 4.45 4.32 6.81 407,911 62,512 6,899 0.0606 53,751 366.68 4.78 4.65 7.27 436,779 67,292 7,315 0.0567 61,010 466.68 5.16 5.03 7.81 469,678 72,808 7,778 0.0529 67,316 466.68 5.99 5.87 8.95 540,507 84,943 8,732 0.0461 77,468 5

73.03 3.96 3.84 6.73 402,022 50,697 7,630 0.0613 35,809 273.03 4.45 4.32 7.50 449,450 57,076 8,419 0.0550 45,496 373.03 4.78 4.65 8.02 481,495 61,441 8,939 0.0515 52,124 373.03 5.16 5.03 8.61 518,059 66,477 9,519 0.0479 59,772 473.03 5.99 5.87 9.89 596,951 77,556 10,723 0.0417 71,325 4

88.90 3.96 3.84 8.28 494,262 41,644 11,636 0.0498 22,062 188.90 4.45 4.32 9.24 553,297 46,884 12,885 0.0447 30,019 288.90 4.78 4.65 9.88 593,283 50,469 13,715 0.0417 35,463 288.90 5.16 5.03 10.63 639,010 54,606 14,647 0.0388 41,745 288.90 5.99 5.87 12.23 738,061 63,707 16,604 0.0337 55,566 3

114.30 5.18 5.05 13.91 836,542 42,686 25,265 0.0297 23,644 1114.30 5.69 5.56 15.21 916,336 46,976 27,432 0.0271 30,159 2


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 F

mm mm mm kg/m N kPa N-m m * kPa



hartsC


ata

34,067 23,316 20,845 14,266 16,186 11,07838,628 26,437 23,283 15,935 18,089 12,380

20,312 13,902 13,392 9,166 10,484 7,17524,093 16,489 15,532 10,631 12,120 8,295

Grade 70

Collapse Pressures




12

114.30 5.99 5.87 15.98 963,837 49,550 28,701 0.0258114.30 6.35 6.22 16.87 1,018,899 52,553 30,154 0.0245

168.28 7.11 6.99 28.20 1,706,757 40,067 76,301 0.0146168.28 7.62 7.49 30.12 1,825,119 42,981 81,103 0.0137


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch




hartsC


ata

13

Collapse Pressures


2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

psi psi psi psi

7,362 5,039 5,881 4,0258,294 5,676 6,696 4,5839,117 6,240 7,423 5,0819,948 6,809 8,163 5,587

5,264 3,603 4,130 2,8276,147 4,207 4,847 3,3176,856 4,692 5,442 3,7257,501 5,134 6,002 4,1088,340 5,708 6,737 4,6118,999 6,159 7,319 5,0099,853 6,743 8,078 5,52910,903 7,462 9,021 6,17411,959 8,185 9,978 6,82913,785 9,435 11,655 7,977

4,506 3,084 3,524 2,4125,137 3,516 4,028 2,7575,777 3,954 4,545 3,111


WallThickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/

in in in lb/ft lb psi ft-lb ft* psi psi

1.000 0.087 0.082 0.85 18,919 13,120 387 0.1484 12,044 8,2431.000 0.095 0.090 0.92 20,584 14,400 414 0.1371 13,104 8,9691.000 0.102 0.097 0.98 22,014 15,520 437 0.1287 14,015 9,5921.000 0.109 0.104 1.04 23,420 16,640 458 0.1214 14,909 10,204

1.250 0.087 0.082 1.08 24,071 10,496 635 0.1165 8,822 6,0381.250 0.095 0.090 1.17 26,239 11,520 684 0.1074 10,395 7,1141.250 0.102 0.097 1.25 28,109 12,416 724 0.1007 11,453 7,8381.250 0.109 0.104 1.33 29,954 13,312 763 0.0948 12,204 8,3531.250 0.118 0.113 1.43 32,291 14,464 811 0.0883 13,156 9,0041.250 0.125 0.120 1.50 34,080 15,360 847 0.0838 13,885 9,5031.250 0.134 0.129 1.60 36,344 16,512 891 0.0788 14,808 10,1351.250 0.145 0.140 1.71 39,056 17,920 941 0.0736 15,913 10,8911.250 0.156 0.151 1.82 41,708 19,328 988 0.0691 16,993 11,6301.250 0.175 0.170 2.01 46,144 21,760 1,061 0.0627 18,801 12,867

1.500 0.095 0.090 1.42 31,893 9,600 1,021 0.0883 7,447 5,0971.500 0.102 0.097 1.52 34,203 10,347 1,085 0.0827 8,593 5,8811.500 0.109 0.104 1.62 36,489 11,093 1,147 0.0778 9,740 6,666



hartsC


ata

5 7,628 6,597 4,515 5,219 3,5726 8,060 7,132 4,881 5,681 3,8887 8,608 7,826 5,357 6,286 4,3020 9,267 8,685 5,944 7,041 4,8195 9,914 9,552 6,537 7,810 5,3458 11,004 11,063 7,572 9,165 6,273

4,328 3,896 2,667 3,042 2,0825,001 4,430 3,032 3,463 2,3705,865 5,124 3,507 4,017 2,7506,538 5,672 3,882 4,460 3,052

6 7,402 6,386 4,371 5,043 3,4516 8,060 7,132 4,881 5,681 3,8884 8,634 7,860 5,379 6,315 4,3223 9,604 9,134 6,252 7,438 5,0912 10,254 10,016 6,855 8,224 5,629

3,752 3,441 2,355 2,688 1,8404,508 4,039 2,764 3,154 2,159

Grade 80

Collapse Pressures

lity = 0% Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%

Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

psi psi psi psi psi

14

1.500 0.118 0.113 1.74 39,391 12,053 1,223 0.0723 11,141.500 0.125 0.120 1.83 41,620 12,800 1,281 0.0686 11,771.500 0.134 0.129 1.95 44,450 13,760 1,352 0.0644 12,571.500 0.145 0.140 2.10 47,853 14,933 1,434 0.0600 13,541.500 0.156 0.151 2.24 51,195 16,107 1,513 0.0562 14,481.500 0.175 0.170 2.47 56,825 18,133 1,638 0.0508 16,07

1.750 0.102 0.097 1.79 40,298 8,869 1,519 0.0701 6,3241.750 0.109 0.104 1.91 43,023 9,509 1,609 0.0659 7,3061.750 0.118 0.113 2.05 46,491 10,331 1,721 0.0612 8,5701.750 0.125 0.120 2.17 49,160 10,971 1,805 0.0580 9,5521.750 0.134 0.129 2.31 52,555 11,794 1,910 0.0544 10,811.750 0.145 0.140 2.48 56,649 12,800 2,034 0.0507 11,771.750 0.156 0.151 2.65 60,683 13,806 2,152 0.0474 12,611.750 0.175 0.170 2.94 67,507 15,543 2,343 0.0428 14,031.750 0.188 0.183 3.13 72,071 16,731 2,466 0.0401 14,98

2.000 0.109 0.104 2.20 49,558 8,320 2,149 0.0572 5,4812.000 0.118 0.113 2.37 53,591 9,040 2,303 0.0531 6,587


WallThickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0

in in in lb/ft lb psi ft-lb ft* psi



hartsC


ata

15

4,506 3,084 3,524 2,4125,114 3,500 4,010 2,7445,869 4,017 4,620 3,1626,616 4,528 5,235 3,5837,710 5,277 6,185 4,2338,469 5,797 6,851 4,6899,354 6,402 7,634 5,225

3,246 2,222 2,538 1,7373,748 2,565 2,927 2,0034,365 2,988 3,412 2,3354,989 3,415 3,909 2,6756,088 4,167 4,799 3,2846,794 4,650 5,388 3,6887,521 5,147 6,019 4,1209,149 6,261 7,451 5,100

3,618 2,476 2,825 1,9344,175 2,857 3,262 2,232

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

2.000 0.125 0.120 2.50 56,699 9,600 2,420 0.0503 7,447 5,0972.000 0.134 0.129 2.67 60,660 10,320 2,566 0.0471 8,552 5,8532.000 0.145 0.140 2.87 65,446 11,200 2,739 0.0438 9,903 6,7782.000 0.156 0.151 3.07 70,170 12,080 2,905 0.0410 11,168 7,6442.000 0.175 0.170 3.41 78,188 13,600 3,176 0.0369 12,444 8,5172.000 0.188 0.183 3.63 83,569 14,640 3,352 0.0346 13,300 9,1032.000 0.203 0.198 3.89 89,673 15,840 3,544 0.0323 14,272 9,768

2.375 0.125 0.120 3.00 68,009 8,084 3,512 0.0419 5,119 3,5042.375 0.134 0.129 3.20 72,818 8,691 3,733 0.0393 6,050 4,1412.375 0.145 0.140 3.45 78,640 9,432 3,994 0.0365 7,188 4,9202.375 0.156 0.151 3.69 84,402 10,173 4,248 0.0341 8,326 5,6982.375 0.175 0.170 4.11 94,210 11,453 4,667 0.0306 10,291 7,0432.375 0.188 0.183 4.39 100,816 12,328 4,940 0.0287 11,378 7,7882.375 0.203 0.198 4.70 108,334 13,339 5,243 0.0267 12,227 8,3682.375 0.236 0.231 5.39 124,473 15,562 5,862 0.0234 14,048 9,615

2.625 0.145 0.140 3.84 87,437 8,533 4,963 0.0328 5,809 3,9762.625 0.156 0.151 4.11 93,889 9,204 5,286 0.0306 6,838 4,680


WallThickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

5,897 5,150 3,525 4,038 2,7646,730 5,829 3,990 4,588 3,140

8 7,637 6,608 4,523 5,228 3,5781 8,789 8,060 5,516 6,490 4,442

3,839 3,511 2,403 2,742 1,8774,950 4,390 3,004 3,431 2,3485,711 4,999 3,421 3,917 2,6816,588 5,713 3,910 4,493 3,075

3 8,092 7,172 4,908 5,716 3,912

2,342 2,305 1,578 1,818 1,2443,175 2,987 2,044 2,339 1,6013,800 3,479 2,381 2,718 1,8604,520 4,048 2,771 3,162 2,1646,105 5,319 3,640 4,174 2,857

2,460 2,414 1,652 1,905 1,3043,191 3,000 2,053 2,349 1,608

Grade 80

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

16

2.625 0.175 0.170 4.57 104,891 10,362 5,821 0.0275 8,6172.625 0.188 0.183 4.89 112,315 11,154 6,172 0.0257 9,8332.625 0.203 0.198 5.25 120,774 12,069 6,562 0.0240 11,152.625 0.236 0.231 6.02 138,988 14,080 7,367 0.0209 12,84

2.875 0.156 0.151 4.53 103,377 8,403 6,438 0.0278 5,6102.875 0.175 0.170 5.04 115,573 9,461 7,103 0.0250 7,2332.875 0.188 0.183 5.39 123,813 10,184 7,542 0.0233 8,3442.875 0.203 0.198 5.79 133,215 11,019 8,031 0.0217 9,6262.875 0.236 0.231 6.64 153,502 12,856 9,047 0.0189 11,82

3.500 0.156 0.151 5.57 127,096 6,903 9,817 0.0226 3,4223.500 0.175 0.170 6.21 142,276 7,771 10,871 0.0203 4,6393.500 0.188 0.183 6.64 152,559 8,366 11,571 0.0189 5,5523.500 0.203 0.198 7.14 164,317 9,051 12,357 0.0176 6,6043.500 0.236 0.231 8.22 189,787 10,560 14,008 0.0153 8,921

4.500 0.204 0.199 9.35 215,111 7,076 21,316 0.0135 3,5954.500 0.224 0.219 10.22 235,629 7,787 23,144 0.0123 4,663


WallThickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

17

3,353 2,295 2,620 1,7933,765 2,577 2,940 2,012

2,140 1,465 1,689 1,1562,446 1,674 1,930 1,321

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

4.500 0.236 0.231 10.74 247,844 8,213 24,215 0.0117 5,318 3,6394.500 0.250 0.245 11.34 262,003 8,711 25,440 0.0111 6,082 4,163

6.625 0.280 0.275 18.95 438,880 6,642 64,374 0.0066 3,161 2,1646.625 0.300 0.295 20.24 469,316 7,125 68,426 0.0062 3,646 2,495


WallThickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ataGrade 80

Collapse Pressures




83,041 56,834 50,762 34,742 40,551 27,75390,348 61,836 57,181 39,136 46,166 31,59796,626 66,132 62,862 43,024 51,183 35,03002,796 70,355 68,589 46,943 56,283 38,521

60,828 41,632 36,294 24,840 28,476 19,49071,668 49,051 42,380 29,005 33,416 22,87078,962 54,042 47,271 32,353 37,523 25,68184,146 57,591 51,719 35,397 41,384 28,32490,710 62,083 57,504 39,357 46,450 31,79195,736 65,523 62,047 42,466 50,461 34,53602,096 69,876 67,932 46,494 55,696 38,11909,715 75,091 75,175 51,451 62,199 42,57017,163 80,188 82,453 56,432 68,796 47,08529,625 88,717 95,047 65,051 80,360 55,000

51,343 35,140 31,070 21,265 24,295 16,62859,247 40,550 35,418 24,240 27,770 19,00667,151 45,959 39,829 27,259 31,337 21,44776,844 52,593 45,486 31,131 35,982 24,62681,192 55,569 49,171 33,654 39,169 26,80886,712 59,347 53,961 36,932 43,341 29,66493,351 63,891 59,880 40,983 48,544 33,22499,872 68,353 65,857 45,073 53,845 36,852

18


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

mm mm mm kg/m N kPa N-m m*

25.40 2.21 2.08 1.26 84,084 90,458 524 0.327325.40 2.41 2.29 1.36 91,483 99,284 561 0.302425.40 2.59 2.46 1.45 97,840 107,006 592 0.283825.40 2.77 2.64 1.54 104,088 114,728 621 0.2677 1

31.75 2.21 2.08 1.61 106,983 72,367 860 0.256931.75 2.41 2.29 1.74 116,616 79,427 926 0.236931.75 2.59 2.46 1.86 124,928 85,605 981 0.222031.75 2.77 2.64 1.97 133,130 91,782 1,034 0.209031.75 3.00 2.87 2.12 143,515 99,725 1,099 0.194631.75 3.18 3.05 2.23 151,467 105,903 1,147 0.184931.75 3.40 3.28 2.37 161,530 113,845 1,206 0.1738 131.75 3.68 3.56 2.54 173,583 123,553 1,274 0.1622 131.75 3.96 3.84 2.71 185,367 133,261 1,338 0.1523 131.75 4.45 4.32 2.99 205,083 150,029 1,438 0.1382 1

38.10 2.41 2.29 2.12 141,749 66,189 1,383 0.194838.10 2.59 2.46 2.26 152,015 71,337 1,469 0.182338.10 2.77 2.64 2.41 162,172 76,485 1,553 0.171538.10 3.00 2.87 2.59 175,070 83,104 1,657 0.159438.10 3.18 3.05 2.73 184,977 88,252 1,735 0.151238.10 3.40 3.28 2.91 197,553 94,871 1,831 0.142038.10 3.68 3.56 3.12 212,679 102,961 1,943 0.132338.10 3.96 3.84 3.33 227,534 111,051 2,049 0.1240



hartsC


ata

19

5,870 76,276 52,204 63,193 43,250

9,841 26,862 18,385 20,976 14,3564,477 30,542 20,903 23,876 16,3410,439 35,328 24,179 27,699 18,9575,076 39,104 26,763 30,748 21,0451,038 44,032 30,136 34,769 23,7965,569 49,171 33,654 39,169 26,8089,526 54,190 37,088 43,542 29,8016,219 62,978 43,103 51,286 35,1010,697 69,058 47,264 56,702 38,808

5,866 23,728 16,240 18,536 12,6861,083 27,845 19,057 21,747 14,8845,140 31,070 21,265 24,295 16,6280,356 35,261 24,133 27,645 18,9206,732 40,464 27,694 31,854 21,8012,700 45,617 31,221 36,094 24,7048,721 53,159 36,383 42,641 29,1842,763 58,394 39,966 47,233 32,3277,346 64,494 44,141 52,632 36,022

4,158 22,382 15,319 17,498 11,9768,551 25,844 17,688 20,180 13,811

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

38.10 4.45 4.32 3.68 252,556 125,024 2,219 0.1121 110,855 7

44.45 2.59 2.46 2.67 179,103 61,146 2,057 0.1546 43,600 244.45 2.77 2.64 2.84 191,214 65,559 2,179 0.1453 50,375 344.45 3.00 2.87 3.06 206,626 71,232 2,331 0.1350 59,086 444.45 3.18 3.05 3.22 218,487 75,645 2,445 0.1280 65,861 444.45 3.40 3.28 3.44 233,577 81,318 2,588 0.1200 74,572 544.45 3.68 3.56 3.69 251,774 88,252 2,755 0.1117 81,192 544.45 3.96 3.84 3.95 269,701 95,186 2,915 0.1045 86,973 544.45 4.45 4.32 4.38 300,029 107,163 3,174 0.0943 96,753 644.45 4.78 4.65 4.66 320,315 115,358 3,340 0.0885 103,295 7

50.80 2.77 2.64 3.27 220,257 57,364 2,911 0.1261 37,793 250.80 3.00 2.87 3.53 238,181 62,328 3,120 0.1171 45,415 350.80 3.18 3.05 3.72 251,998 66,189 3,278 0.1109 51,343 350.80 3.40 3.28 3.97 269,601 71,153 3,476 0.1040 58,965 450.80 3.68 3.56 4.27 290,870 77,221 3,710 0.0966 68,281 450.80 3.96 3.84 4.57 311,868 83,288 3,934 0.0904 77,000 550.80 4.45 4.32 5.07 347,502 93,768 4,303 0.0814 85,798 550.80 4.78 4.65 5.41 371,418 100,938 4,541 0.0763 91,703 650.80 5.16 5.03 5.79 398,545 109,212 4,801 0.0713 98,400 6

60.33 3.18 3.05 4.46 302,263 55,738 4,758 0.0924 35,297 260.33 3.40 3.28 4.77 323,636 59,919 5,056 0.0866 41,715 2


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 F

mm mm mm kg/m N kPa N-m m* kPa



hartsC


ata

49,560 33,920 30,097 20,599 23,524 16,10057,405 39,289 34,399 23,543 26,952 18,44770,955 48,562 41,975 28,729 33,086 22,64478,451 53,693 46,839 32,057 37,150 25,42684,301 57,697 51,854 35,489 41,501 28,40496,860 66,292 63,076 43,170 51,373 35,160

40,051 27,412 24,946 17,073 19,480 13,33347,149 32,269 28,786 19,701 22,487 15,39159,408 40,660 35,507 24,301 27,842 19,05667,797 46,401 40,192 27,508 31,632 21,64976,933 52,654 45,561 31,182 36,046 24,67088,535 60,594 55,568 38,032 44,750 30,627

38,677 26,471 24,204 16,566 18,905 12,93949,870 34,132 30,266 20,715 23,658 16,19257,529 39,374 34,467 23,590 27,007 18,48466,366 45,422 39,387 26,957 30,978 21,20281,514 55,789 49,448 33,843 39,408 26,972

23,595 16,149 15,892 10,877 12,537 8,58031,986 21,892 20,595 14,096 16,129 11,03938,277 26,197 23,989 16,418 18,738 12,82445,536 31,165 27,910 19,102 21,798 14,919

Grade 80

Collapse Pressures




20

60.33 3.68 3.56 5.13 349,513 65,028 5,411 0.080460.33 3.96 3.84 5.50 375,119 70,137 5,754 0.075160.33 4.45 4.32 6.11 418,711 78,962 6,322 0.067560.33 4.78 4.65 6.53 448,073 85,001 6,692 0.063260.33 5.16 5.03 7.00 481,483 91,968 7,102 0.059060.33 5.99 5.87 8.01 553,215 107,296 7,941 0.0515

66.68 3.68 3.56 5.71 388,608 58,835 6,724 0.072366.68 3.96 3.84 6.11 417,286 63,458 7,160 0.067566.68 4.45 4.32 6.81 466,184 71,442 7,885 0.060666.68 4.78 4.65 7.27 499,176 76,905 8,361 0.056766.68 5.16 5.03 7.81 536,775 83,209 8,889 0.052966.68 5.99 5.87 8.95 617,723 97,077 9,980 0.0461

73.03 3.96 3.84 6.73 459,453 57,939 8,720 0.061373.03 4.45 4.32 7.50 513,657 65,230 9,622 0.055073.03 4.78 4.65 8.02 550,280 70,218 10,216 0.051573.03 5.16 5.03 8.61 592,067 75,974 10,879 0.047973.03 5.99 5.87 9.89 682,230 88,636 12,255 0.0417

88.90 3.96 3.84 8.28 564,871 47,593 13,298 0.049888.90 4.45 4.32 9.24 632,340 53,582 14,726 0.044788.90 4.78 4.65 9.88 678,038 57,679 15,674 0.041788.90 5.16 5.03 10.63 730,297 62,407 16,739 0.0388


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch




hartsC


ata

21

2,095 36,671 25,098 28,780 19,697

6,963 16,647 11,393 13,134 8,9892,002 20,683 14,155 16,195 11,0845,093 23,119 15,823 18,066 12,3648,700 25,961 17,768 20,272 13,874

4,917 14,756 10,099 11,643 7,9697,205 16,868 11,544 13,308 9,108

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

88.90 5.99 5.87 12.23 843,498 72,808 18,976 0.0337 61,505 4

114.30 5.18 5.05 13.91 956,048 48,784 28,875 0.0297 24,784 1114.30 5.69 5.56 15.21 1,047,241 53,687 31,350 0.0271 32,147 2114.30 5.99 5.87 15.98 1,101,528 56,628 32,801 0.0258 36,664 2114.30 6.35 6.22 16.87 1,164,456 60,060 34,461 0.0245 41,933 2

168.28 7.11 6.99 28.20 1,950,580 45,791 87,201 0.0146 21,795 1168.28 7.62 7.49 30.12 2,085,850 49,121 92,690 0.0137 25,138 1


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 F




hartsC


ataGrade 90

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

0 9,274 8,283 5,669 6,617 4,5282 10,090 9,330 6,386 7,533 5,1566 10,791 10,257 7,020 8,351 5,7163 11,480 11,192 7,660 9,184 6,285

6,587 5,841 3,998 4,595 3,1453 7,811 6,844 4,684 5,406 3,7004 8,818 7,713 5,279 6,123 4,1900 9,397 8,439 5,776 6,753 4,6221 10,130 9,383 6,422 7,579 5,1871 10,691 10,124 6,929 8,234 5,6359 11,402 11,084 7,586 9,088 6,2202 12,252 12,266 8,395 10,149 6,9467 13,084 13,454 9,208 11,225 7,6831 14,476 15,509 10,614 13,112 8,974

5,515 4,978 3,407 3,907 2,6746,408 5,696 3,899 4,479 3,065

8 7,301 6,424 4,396 5,065 3,466

22


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0


1.000 0.087 0.082 0.85 21,284 14,760 435 0.1484 13,551.000 0.095 0.090 0.92 23,157 16,200 466 0.1371 14,741.000 0.102 0.097 0.98 24,766 17,460 491 0.1287 15,761.000 0.109 0.104 1.04 26,347 18,720 516 0.1214 16,77

1.250 0.087 0.082 1.08 27,080 11,808 714 0.1165 9,6241.250 0.095 0.090 1.17 29,518 12,960 769 0.1074 11,411.250 0.102 0.097 1.25 31,622 13,968 815 0.1007 12,881.250 0.109 0.104 1.33 33,698 14,976 859 0.0948 13,731.250 0.118 0.113 1.43 36,327 16,272 913 0.0883 14,801.250 0.125 0.120 1.50 38,340 17,280 953 0.0838 15,621.250 0.134 0.129 1.60 40,887 18,576 1,002 0.0788 16,651.250 0.145 0.140 1.71 43,938 20,160 1,058 0.0736 17,901.250 0.156 0.151 1.82 46,921 21,744 1,111 0.0691 19,111.250 0.175 0.170 2.01 51,912 24,480 1,194 0.0627 21,15

1.500 0.095 0.090 1.42 35,880 10,800 1,149 0.0883 8,0591.500 0.102 0.097 1.52 38,479 11,640 1,220 0.0827 9,3631.500 0.109 0.104 1.62 41,050 12,480 1,290 0.0778 10,66



hartsC


ata

23

7,373 5,046 5,839 3,9978,023 5,491 6,391 4,3748,805 6,026 7,072 4,8409,771 6,687 7,921 5,42110,746 7,355 8,786 6,01312,446 8,518 10,311 7,057

4,280 2,929 3,359 2,2994,891 3,347 3,838 2,6265,682 3,889 4,467 3,0576,304 4,315 4,968 3,4007,115 4,870 5,628 3,8528,023 5,491 6,391 4,3748,842 6,052 7,105 4,86310,276 7,033 8,368 5,72711,268 7,712 9,252 6,332

3,758 2,572 2,954 2,0224,443 3,041 3,486 2,386

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

1.500 0.118 0.113 1.74 44,315 13,560 1,376 0.0723 12,345 8,4491.500 0.125 0.120 1.83 46,822 14,400 1,441 0.0686 13,248 9,0671.500 0.134 0.129 1.95 50,006 15,480 1,521 0.0644 14,149 9,6841.500 0.145 0.140 2.10 53,834 16,800 1,614 0.0600 15,232 10,4251.500 0.156 0.151 2.24 57,595 18,120 1,702 0.0562 16,296 11,1531.500 0.175 0.170 2.47 63,928 20,400 1,843 0.0508 18,088 12,380

1.750 0.102 0.097 1.79 45,335 9,977 1,709 0.0701 6,781 4,6411.750 0.109 0.104 1.91 48,401 10,697 1,810 0.0659 7,899 5,4061.750 0.118 0.113 2.05 52,302 11,623 1,936 0.0612 9,337 6,3901.750 0.125 0.120 2.17 55,305 12,343 2,031 0.0580 10,455 7,1551.750 0.134 0.129 2.31 59,124 13,269 2,149 0.0544 11,892 8,1391.750 0.145 0.140 2.48 63,730 14,400 2,288 0.0507 13,248 9,0671.750 0.156 0.151 2.65 68,268 15,531 2,421 0.0474 14,191 9,7131.750 0.175 0.170 2.94 75,945 17,486 2,636 0.0428 15,787 10,8051.750 0.188 0.183 3.13 81,080 18,823 2,774 0.0401 16,855 11,535

2.000 0.109 0.104 2.20 55,752 9,360 2,418 0.0572 5,822 3,9852.000 0.118 0.113 2.37 60,290 10,170 2,591 0.0531 7,080 4,846


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

5,515 4,978 3,407 3,907 2,6746,376 5,671 3,881 4,458 3,051

4 7,429 6,528 4,468 5,150 3,5242 8,481 7,400 5,065 5,861 4,0120 9,581 8,674 5,937 6,958 4,7623 10,241 9,528 6,521 7,707 5,2756 10,989 10,523 7,202 8,588 5,878

3,703 3,533 2,418 2,781 1,9044,428 4,111 2,813 3,227 2,2085,314 4,817 3,297 3,779 2,5876,200 5,528 3,784 4,344 2,973

5 7,731 6,777 4,638 5,352 3,6631 8,761 7,643 5,231 6,062 4,1495 9,414 8,461 5,791 6,772 4,6355 10,817 10,292 7,044 8,382 5,737

4,240 3,961 2,711 3,111 2,1295,042 4,600 3,148 3,608 2,470

Grade 90

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

24

2.000 0.125 0.120 2.50 63,787 10,800 2,723 0.0503 8,0592.000 0.134 0.129 2.67 68,243 11,610 2,887 0.0471 9,3172.000 0.145 0.140 2.87 73,626 12,600 3,081 0.0438 10,852.000 0.156 0.151 3.07 78,942 13,590 3,268 0.0410 12,392.000 0.175 0.170 3.41 87,961 15,300 3,573 0.0369 14,002.000 0.188 0.183 3.63 94,015 16,470 3,771 0.0346 14,962.000 0.203 0.198 3.89 100,882 17,820 3,987 0.0323 16,05

2.375 0.125 0.120 3.00 76,510 9,095 3,952 0.0419 5,4102.375 0.134 0.129 3.20 81,920 9,777 4,199 0.0393 6,4702.375 0.145 0.140 3.45 88,470 10,611 4,493 0.0365 7,7642.375 0.156 0.151 3.69 94,952 11,444 4,779 0.0341 9,0592.375 0.175 0.170 4.11 105,986 12,884 5,250 0.0306 11,292.375 0.188 0.183 4.39 113,419 13,869 5,558 0.0287 12,802.375 0.203 0.198 4.70 121,875 15,006 5,898 0.0267 13,752.375 0.236 0.231 5.39 140,033 17,507 6,595 0.0234 15,80

2.625 0.145 0.140 3.84 98,366 9,600 5,584 0.0328 6,1952.625 0.156 0.151 4.11 105,626 10,354 5,946 0.0306 7,366


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

25

5,711 3,909 4,491 3,0736,483 4,437 5,113 3,5007,389 5,057 5,852 4,0059,067 6,206 7,302 4,997

3,838 2,626 3,015 2,0644,845 3,316 3,802 2,6025,540 3,791 4,353 2,9796,351 4,347 5,006 3,4268,068 5,522 6,430 4,401

2,507 1,716 1,992 1,3633,233 2,213 2,553 1,7473,802 2,602 2,988 2,0454,454 3,049 3,495 2,3925,903 4,040 4,645 3,179

2,632 1,801 2,090 1,4313,248 2,223 2,564 1,755

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

2.625 0.175 0.170 4.57 118,003 11,657 6,548 0.0275 9,390 6,4262.625 0.188 0.183 4.89 126,354 12,549 6,943 0.0257 10,774 7,3742.625 0.203 0.198 5.25 135,871 13,577 7,383 0.0240 12,372 8,4672.625 0.236 0.231 6.02 156,361 15,840 8,288 0.0209 14,446 9,887

2.875 0.156 0.151 4.53 116,299 9,454 7,242 0.0278 5,968 4,0852.875 0.175 0.170 5.04 130,020 10,643 7,991 0.0250 7,815 5,3492.875 0.188 0.183 5.39 139,290 11,457 8,484 0.0233 9,080 6,2142.875 0.203 0.198 5.79 149,867 12,397 9,035 0.0217 10,538 7,2122.875 0.236 0.231 6.64 172,689 14,463 10,178 0.0189 13,301 9,103

3.500 0.156 0.151 5.57 142,983 7,766 11,044 0.0226 3,637 2,4893.500 0.175 0.170 6.21 160,061 8,743 12,230 0.0203 4,864 3,3293.500 0.188 0.183 6.64 171,628 9,411 13,017 0.0189 5,902 4,0393.500 0.203 0.198 7.14 184,856 10,183 13,902 0.0176 7,100 4,8593.500 0.236 0.231 8.22 213,511 11,880 15,759 0.0153 9,736 6,663

4.500 0.204 0.199 9.35 242,000 7,960 23,981 0.0135 3,833 2,6234.500 0.224 0.219 10.22 265,083 8,760 26,037 0.0123 4,890 3,347


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

3,857 3,656 2,502 2,876 1,9684,452 4,130 2,827 3,242 2,219

2,286 2,318 1,587 1,844 1,2622,661 2,667 1,825 2,118 1,450

Grade 90

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

26

4.500 0.236 0.231 10.74 278,824 9,240 27,241 0.0117 5,6364.500 0.250 0.245 11.34 294,753 9,800 28,620 0.0111 6,506

6.625 0.280 0.275 18.95 493,741 7,472 72,421 0.0066 3,3406.625 0.300 0.295 20.24 527,981 8,015 76,979 0.0062 3,888


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

27

Collapse Pressures


=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

3,939 57,107 39,085 45,619 31,2239,565 64,329 44,028 51,937 35,5464,399 70,720 48,402 57,581 39,4099,149 77,162 52,811 63,318 43,336

5,414 40,273 27,563 31,680 21,6823,857 47,184 32,294 37,273 25,5100,798 53,180 36,397 42,213 28,8914,790 58,184 39,822 46,557 31,8649,843 64,693 44,276 52,257 35,7653,713 69,803 47,774 56,768 38,8538,611 76,424 52,305 62,658 42,8844,477 84,572 57,882 69,974 47,8910,211 92,759 63,486 77,396 52,9719,807 106,928 73,183 90,405 61,875

8,027 34,322 23,491 26,935 18,4354,183 39,275 26,881 30,880 21,1340,339 44,289 30,312 34,920 23,900


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 Fa


25.40 2.21 2.08 1.26 94,595 101,766 589 0.3273 93,421 625.40 2.41 2.29 1.36 102,919 111,694 631 0.3024 101,642 625.40 2.59 2.46 1.45 110,070 120,381 666 0.2838 108,704 725.40 2.77 2.64 1.54 117,098 129,069 698 0.2677 115,646 7

31.75 2.21 2.08 1.61 120,356 81,413 968 0.2569 66,355 431.75 2.41 2.29 1.74 131,193 89,355 1,042 0.2369 78,690 531.75 2.59 2.46 1.86 140,544 96,305 1,104 0.2220 88,832 631.75 2.77 2.64 1.97 149,771 103,255 1,163 0.2090 94,664 631.75 3.00 2.87 2.12 161,454 112,191 1,236 0.1946 102,049 631.75 3.18 3.05 2.23 170,400 119,140 1,291 0.1849 107,703 731.75 3.40 3.28 2.37 181,721 128,076 1,357 0.1738 114,859 731.75 3.68 3.56 2.54 195,281 138,997 1,434 0.1622 123,429 831.75 3.96 3.84 2.71 208,538 149,918 1,505 0.1523 131,808 931.75 4.45 4.32 2.99 230,719 168,782 1,617 0.1382 145,828 9

38.10 2.41 2.29 2.12 159,467 74,463 1,556 0.1948 55,561 338.10 2.59 2.46 2.26 171,017 80,254 1,653 0.1823 64,556 438.10 2.77 2.64 2.41 182,444 86,046 1,747 0.1715 73,551 5



hartsC


ata

5,115 58,254 50,838 34,794 40,261 27,5551,341 62,515 55,318 37,860 44,065 30,1597,551 66,765 60,706 41,548 48,759 33,371

05,020 71,877 67,365 46,105 54,612 37,37712,355 76,898 74,089 50,707 60,575 41,45824,711 85,354 85,810 58,730 71,092 48,656

6,750 31,997 29,511 20,198 23,157 15,8494,460 37,273 33,719 23,078 26,459 18,1094,372 44,057 39,174 26,811 30,798 21,0792,082 49,334 43,466 29,748 34,254 23,4441,995 56,118 49,058 33,576 38,803 26,5581,341 62,515 55,318 37,860 44,065 30,1597,845 66,966 60,964 41,725 48,985 33,526

08,847 74,497 70,851 48,491 57,697 39,48916,207 79,534 77,690 53,172 63,790 43,659

0,142 27,474 25,910 17,734 20,368 13,9408,815 33,410 30,636 20,968 24,036 16,450

Grade 90

Collapse Pressures




28

38.10 3.00 2.87 2.59 196,954 93,492 1,864 0.1594 838.10 3.18 3.05 2.73 208,099 99,284 1,952 0.1512 938.10 3.40 3.28 2.91 222,248 106,730 2,060 0.1420 938.10 3.68 3.56 3.12 239,264 115,831 2,186 0.1323 138.10 3.96 3.84 3.33 255,976 124,932 2,305 0.1240 138.10 4.45 4.32 3.68 284,126 140,652 2,497 0.1121 1

44.45 2.59 2.46 2.67 201,490 68,789 2,314 0.1546 444.45 2.77 2.64 2.84 215,116 73,754 2,451 0.1453 544.45 3.00 2.87 3.06 232,454 80,136 2,622 0.1350 644.45 3.18 3.05 3.22 245,798 85,100 2,751 0.1280 744.45 3.40 3.28 3.44 262,774 91,483 2,911 0.1200 844.45 3.68 3.56 3.69 283,246 99,284 3,099 0.1117 944.45 3.96 3.84 3.95 303,414 107,085 3,279 0.1045 944.45 4.45 4.32 4.38 337,533 120,559 3,571 0.0943 144.45 4.78 4.65 4.66 360,355 129,778 3,757 0.0885 1

50.80 2.77 2.64 3.27 247,789 64,534 3,275 0.1261 450.80 3.00 2.87 3.53 267,954 70,119 3,510 0.1171 4


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch




hartsC


ata

29

8,027 34,322 23,491 26,935 18,4353,963 39,098 26,759 30,737 21,0371,219 45,010 30,806 35,505 24,3008,474 51,021 34,920 40,411 27,6586,061 59,804 40,931 47,971 32,8320,608 65,693 44,961 53,138 36,3685,765 72,556 49,658 59,211 40,525

5,530 24,359 16,672 19,177 13,1250,529 28,343 19,398 22,248 15,2276,638 33,212 22,731 26,058 17,8352,748 38,116 26,087 29,952 20,5003,301 46,726 31,980 36,900 25,2550,405 52,694 36,065 41,793 28,6044,909 58,335 39,926 46,689 31,9554,579 70,961 48,567 57,795 39,556

9,233 27,311 18,692 21,449 14,6804,761 31,713 21,705 24,879 17,028

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

50.80 3.18 3.05 3.72 283,497 74,463 3,688 0.1109 55,561 350.80 3.40 3.28 3.97 303,301 80,047 3,911 0.1040 64,235 450.80 3.68 3.56 4.27 327,228 86,873 4,173 0.0966 74,836 550.80 3.96 3.84 4.57 350,852 93,699 4,426 0.0904 85,436 550.80 4.45 4.32 5.07 390,940 105,489 4,841 0.0814 96,522 650.80 4.78 4.65 5.41 417,846 113,556 5,108 0.0763 103,165 750.80 5.16 5.03 5.79 448,363 122,864 5,401 0.0713 110,700 7

60.33 3.18 3.05 4.46 340,046 62,705 5,353 0.0924 37,302 260.33 3.40 3.28 4.77 364,090 67,408 5,688 0.0866 44,606 360.33 3.68 3.56 5.13 393,202 73,156 6,087 0.0804 53,533 360.33 3.96 3.84 5.50 422,009 78,904 6,473 0.0751 62,460 460.33 4.45 4.32 6.11 471,050 88,833 7,112 0.0675 77,879 560.33 4.78 4.65 6.53 504,082 95,626 7,529 0.0632 88,258 660.33 5.16 5.03 7.00 541,668 103,464 7,990 0.0590 94,838 660.33 5.99 5.87 8.01 622,367 120,708 8,934 0.0515 108,968 7

66.68 3.68 3.56 5.71 437,184 66,189 7,564 0.0723 42,712 266.68 3.96 3.84 6.11 469,447 71,390 8,055 0.0675 50,789 3


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 Fa




hartsC


ata

4,740 44,309 39,377 26,950 30,961 21,1904,285 50,842 44,701 30,594 35,254 24,1295,299 58,380 50,943 34,866 40,347 27,6149,601 68,169 62,515 42,786 50,343 34,456

1,148 28,162 26,459 18,109 20,790 14,2293,885 36,880 33,405 22,863 26,211 17,9392,601 42,845 38,194 26,140 30,014 20,5422,657 49,727 43,787 29,969 34,514 23,6221,703 62,763 55,628 38,073 44,334 30,343

5,076 17,162 17,283 11,829 13,733 9,3993,534 22,951 22,291 15,256 17,600 12,0460,693 27,851 26,211 17,939 20,599 14,0988,953 33,504 30,712 21,019 24,094 16,4917,126 45,942 40,701 27,856 32,024 21,918

6,427 18,087 18,145 12,418 14,412 9,8643,717 23,077 22,392 15,325 17,677 12,098

Grade 90

Collapse Pressures




30

66.68 4.45 4.32 6.81 524,457 80,373 8,870 0.0606 666.68 4.78 4.65 7.27 561,574 86,519 9,406 0.0567 766.68 5.16 5.03 7.81 603,872 93,610 10,000 0.0529 866.68 5.99 5.87 8.95 694,938 109,212 11,227 0.0461 9

73.03 3.96 3.84 6.73 516,885 65,182 9,810 0.0613 473.03 4.45 4.32 7.50 577,865 73,384 10,825 0.0550 573.03 4.78 4.65 8.02 619,065 78,995 11,493 0.0515 673.03 5.16 5.03 8.61 666,075 85,470 12,239 0.0479 773.03 5.99 5.87 9.89 767,509 99,715 13,787 0.0417 9

88.90 3.96 3.84 8.28 635,480 53,542 14,960 0.0498 288.90 4.45 4.32 9.24 711,382 60,279 16,567 0.0447 388.90 4.78 4.65 9.88 762,793 64,889 17,633 0.0417 488.90 5.16 5.03 10.63 821,584 70,208 18,831 0.0388 488.90 5.99 5.87 12.23 948,936 81,909 21,347 0.0337 6

114.30 5.18 5.05 13.91 1,075,554 54,882 32,484 0.0297 2114.30 5.69 5.56 15.21 1,178,146 60,398 35,269 0.0271 3


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch




hartsC


ata

31

6,594 25,209 17,253 19,828 13,5710,698 28,478 19,491 22,353 15,299

5,763 15,985 10,940 12,715 8,7028,349 18,390 12,586 14,605 9,996

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

114.30 5.99 5.87 15.98 1,239,219 63,707 36,901 0.0258 38,857 2114.30 6.35 6.22 16.87 1,310,013 67,568 38,769 0.0245 44,854 3

168.28 7.11 6.99 28.20 2,194,402 51,515 98,102 0.0146 23,031 1168.28 7.62 7.49 30.12 2,346,581 55,262 104,276 0.0137 26,810 1


Wall Thickness


Yield Pressure

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 Fa




hartsC


ataGrade 100

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

5 10,304 9,203 6,299 7,352 5,0320 11,211 10,367 7,095 8,370 5,7288 11,990 11,397 7,800 9,279 6,3517 12,755 12,435 8,511 10,204 6,984

0 7,104 6,402 4,382 5,049 3,4562 8,481 7,527 5,152 5,957 4,0772 9,686 8,528 5,837 6,775 4,6376 10,441 9,377 6,417 7,503 5,1356 11,256 10,425 7,135 8,421 5,7647 11,879 11,249 7,699 9,148 6,2610 12,668 12,316 8,429 10,098 6,9111 13,614 13,629 9,328 11,277 7,7181 14,538 14,949 10,231 12,473 8,5361 16,084 17,232 11,794 14,569 9,971

5,900 5,430 3,716 4,277 2,9277 6,904 6,239 4,270 4,919 3,3673 7,907 7,056 4,829 5,575 3,816

32


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0


1.000 0.087 0.082 0.85 23,649 16,400 483 0.1484 15,051.000 0.095 0.090 0.92 25,730 18,000 518 0.1371 16,381.000 0.102 0.097 0.98 27,518 19,400 546 0.1287 17,511.000 0.109 0.104 1.04 29,275 20,800 573 0.1214 18,63

1.250 0.087 0.082 1.08 30,089 13,120 794 0.1165 10,381.250 0.095 0.090 1.17 32,798 14,400 854 0.1074 12,391.250 0.102 0.097 1.25 35,136 15,520 905 0.1007 14,151.250 0.109 0.104 1.33 37,443 16,640 954 0.0948 15,251.250 0.118 0.113 1.43 40,363 18,080 1,014 0.0883 16,441.250 0.125 0.120 1.50 42,600 19,200 1,059 0.0838 17,351.250 0.134 0.129 1.60 45,430 20,640 1,113 0.0788 18,511.250 0.145 0.140 1.71 48,820 22,400 1,176 0.0736 19,891.250 0.156 0.151 1.82 52,134 24,160 1,235 0.0691 21,241.250 0.175 0.170 2.01 57,680 27,200 1,327 0.0627 23,50

1.500 0.095 0.090 1.42 39,867 12,000 1,276 0.0883 8,6201.500 0.102 0.097 1.52 42,754 12,933 1,356 0.0827 10,081.500 0.109 0.104 1.62 45,611 13,867 1,433 0.0778 11,55



hartsC


ata

33

8,121 5,558 6,441 4,4098,915 6,101 7,101 4,8609,783 6,696 7,858 5,37810,856 7,430 8,801 6,02311,940 8,172 9,762 6,68113,829 9,465 11,457 7,841

4,641 3,176 3,660 2,5055,331 3,649 4,199 2,8746,223 4,259 4,906 3,3586,922 4,738 5,467 3,7427,832 5,360 6,205 4,2478,915 6,101 7,101 4,8609,825 6,724 7,894 5,40311,418 7,815 9,298 6,36412,520 8,569 10,280 7,036

4,047 2,770 3,202 2,1914,826 3,303 3,804 2,603

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

1.500 0.118 0.113 1.74 49,238 15,067 1,529 0.0723 13,439 9,1981.500 0.125 0.120 1.83 52,025 16,000 1,601 0.0686 14,720 10,0751.500 0.134 0.129 1.95 55,562 17,200 1,690 0.0644 15,721 10,7601.500 0.145 0.140 2.10 59,816 18,667 1,793 0.0600 16,924 11,5831.500 0.156 0.151 2.24 63,994 20,133 1,891 0.0562 18,107 12,3921.500 0.175 0.170 2.47 71,031 22,667 2,048 0.0508 20,098 13,755

1.750 0.102 0.097 1.79 50,373 11,086 1,898 0.0701 7,183 4,9161.750 0.109 0.104 1.91 53,779 11,886 2,011 0.0659 8,440 5,7771.750 0.118 0.113 2.05 58,113 12,914 2,151 0.0612 10,057 6,8831.750 0.125 0.120 2.17 61,450 13,714 2,256 0.0580 11,314 7,7431.750 0.134 0.129 2.31 65,694 14,743 2,388 0.0544 12,930 8,8501.750 0.145 0.140 2.48 70,811 16,000 2,542 0.0507 14,720 10,0751.750 0.156 0.151 2.65 75,853 17,257 2,690 0.0474 15,768 10,7921.750 0.175 0.170 2.94 84,383 19,429 2,929 0.0428 17,541 12,0051.750 0.188 0.183 3.13 90,089 20,914 3,082 0.0401 18,727 12,817

2.000 0.109 0.104 2.20 61,947 10,400 2,686 0.0572 6,106 4,1792.000 0.118 0.113 2.37 66,988 11,300 2,879 0.0531 7,520 5,147


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

5,900 5,430 3,716 4,277 2,9274 6,868 6,210 4,250 4,896 3,3513 8,051 7,174 4,910 5,670 3,8812 9,234 8,151 5,579 6,466 4,4255 10,646 9,638 6,596 7,731 5,2916 11,379 10,587 7,246 8,563 5,8610 12,210 11,693 8,003 9,542 6,531

3,862 3,790 2,594 3,006 2,0574,677 4,448 3,044 3,511 2,4035,673 5,248 3,592 4,134 2,8296,670 6,050 4,141 4,768 3,263

9 8,390 7,453 5,101 5,896 4,0369 9,568 8,430 5,769 6,694 4,5824 10,460 9,401 6,434 7,524 5,1501 12,019 11,436 7,827 9,314 6,375

4,466 4,278 2,928 3,380 2,3135,367 5,002 3,424 3,941 2,698

Grade 100

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

34

2.000 0.125 0.120 2.50 70,874 12,000 3,025 0.0503 8,6202.000 0.134 0.129 2.67 75,825 12,900 3,208 0.0471 10,032.000 0.145 0.140 2.87 81,807 14,000 3,423 0.0438 11,762.000 0.156 0.151 3.07 87,713 15,100 3,631 0.0410 13,492.000 0.175 0.170 3.41 97,735 17,000 3,970 0.0369 15,552.000 0.188 0.183 3.63 104,461 18,300 4,190 0.0346 16,622.000 0.203 0.198 3.89 112,091 19,800 4,430 0.0323 17,84

2.375 0.125 0.120 3.00 85,011 10,105 4,391 0.0419 5,6432.375 0.134 0.129 3.20 91,023 10,863 4,666 0.0393 6,8342.375 0.145 0.140 3.45 98,300 11,789 4,993 0.0365 8,2892.375 0.156 0.151 3.69 105,502 12,716 5,310 0.0341 9,7452.375 0.175 0.170 4.11 117,763 14,316 5,833 0.0306 12,252.375 0.188 0.183 4.39 126,021 15,411 6,175 0.0287 13,972.375 0.203 0.198 4.70 135,417 16,674 6,554 0.0267 15,282.375 0.236 0.231 5.39 155,592 19,453 7,328 0.0234 17,56

2.625 0.145 0.140 3.84 109,296 10,667 6,204 0.0328 6,5252.625 0.156 0.151 4.11 117,362 11,505 6,607 0.0306 7,842


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

35

6,256 4,282 4,932 3,3767,123 4,875 5,630 3,8538,138 5,570 6,455 4,41810,074 6,895 8,113 5,553

4,138 2,832 3,271 2,2395,280 3,613 4,159 2,8466,063 4,149 4,778 3,2706,975 4,773 5,509 3,7718,965 6,136 7,145 4,890

2,688 1,840 2,152 1,4733,446 2,359 2,745 1,8784,097 2,804 3,240 2,2184,838 3,311 3,813 2,6106,472 4,429 5,105 3,494

2,829 1,936 2,263 1,5493,463 2,370 2,757 1,887

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

2.625 0.175 0.170 4.57 131,114 12,952 7,276 0.0275 10,117 6,9242.625 0.188 0.183 4.89 140,393 13,943 7,715 0.0257 11,673 7,9892.625 0.203 0.198 5.25 150,968 15,086 8,203 0.0240 13,469 9,2182.625 0.236 0.231 6.02 173,734 17,600 9,209 0.0209 16,051 10,986

2.875 0.156 0.151 4.53 129,221 10,504 8,047 0.0278 6,270 4,2912.875 0.175 0.170 5.04 144,466 11,826 8,879 0.0250 8,347 5,7132.875 0.188 0.183 5.39 154,766 12,730 9,427 0.0233 9,768 6,6852.875 0.203 0.198 5.79 166,519 13,774 10,039 0.0217 11,408 7,8082.875 0.236 0.231 6.64 191,877 16,070 11,308 0.0189 14,778 10,115

3.500 0.156 0.151 5.57 158,870 8,629 12,271 0.0226 3,814 2,6113.500 0.175 0.170 6.21 177,846 9,714 13,589 0.0203 5,028 3,4413.500 0.188 0.183 6.64 190,698 10,457 14,464 0.0189 6,196 4,2403.500 0.203 0.198 7.14 205,396 11,314 15,446 0.0176 7,543 5,1623.500 0.236 0.231 8.22 237,234 13,200 17,510 0.0153 10,506 7,190

4.500 0.204 0.199 9.35 268,889 8,844 26,645 0.0135 4,035 2,7614.500 0.224 0.219 10.22 294,537 9,733 28,930 0.0123 5,058 3,462


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

4,035 3,931 2,690 3,113 2,1314,705 4,471 3,060 3,528 2,415

2,382 2,475 1,694 1,985 1,3592,804 2,869 1,964 2,294 1,570

Grade 100

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

36

4.500 0.236 0.231 10.74 309,805 10,267 30,268 0.0117 5,8964.500 0.250 0.245 11.34 327,503 10,889 31,800 0.0111 6,874

6.625 0.280 0.275 18.95 548,601 8,302 80,468 0.0066 3,4816.625 0.300 0.295 20.24 586,645 8,906 85,532 0.0062 4,097


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

37

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

1,043 63,452 43,428 50,688 34,6927,294 71,477 48,920 57,708 39,4962,665 78,577 53,779 63,979 43,7887,944 85,736 58,679 70,353 48,151

8,982 44,139 30,210 34,812 23,8268,473 51,899 35,520 41,072 28,1106,779 58,800 40,244 46,713 31,9711,988 64,649 44,247 51,730 35,4057,604 71,881 49,196 58,063 39,7391,904 77,559 53,083 63,076 43,1707,345 84,915 58,117 69,620 47,6493,863 93,969 64,313 77,748 53,2120,235 103,066 70,540 85,995 58,8560,896 118,809 81,314 100,450 68,750

0,677 37,438 25,623 29,489 20,1827,598 43,018 29,442 33,915 23,2124,519 48,650 33,297 38,440 26,309


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 Fa


25.40 2.21 2.08 1.26 105,105 113,073 655 0.3273 103,801 725.40 2.41 2.29 1.36 114,354 124,105 701 0.3024 112,935 725.40 2.59 2.46 1.45 122,300 133,757 740 0.2838 120,783 825.40 2.77 2.64 1.54 130,109 143,410 776 0.2677 128,495 8

31.75 2.21 2.08 1.61 133,729 90,458 1,075 0.2569 71,568 431.75 2.41 2.29 1.74 145,770 99,284 1,157 0.2369 85,436 531.75 2.59 2.46 1.86 156,159 107,006 1,226 0.2220 97,571 631.75 2.77 2.64 1.97 166,412 114,728 1,292 0.2090 105,182 731.75 3.00 2.87 2.12 179,393 124,656 1,374 0.1946 113,387 731.75 3.18 3.05 2.23 189,333 132,378 1,434 0.1849 119,670 831.75 3.40 3.28 2.37 201,912 142,307 1,508 0.1738 127,621 831.75 3.68 3.56 2.54 216,979 154,441 1,593 0.1622 137,144 931.75 3.96 3.84 2.71 231,709 166,576 1,672 0.1523 146,454 1031.75 4.45 4.32 2.99 256,354 187,536 1,797 0.1382 162,031 11

38.10 2.41 2.29 2.12 177,186 82,736 1,729 0.1948 59,433 438.10 2.59 2.46 2.26 190,019 89,171 1,837 0.1823 69,545 438.10 2.77 2.64 2.41 202,715 95,607 1,942 0.1715 79,657 5



hartsC


ata

2,659 63,417 55,993 38,322 44,412 30,3961,490 69,461 61,464 42,067 48,961 33,5108,390 74,184 67,451 46,164 54,177 37,0796,689 79,864 74,850 51,228 60,680 41,5304,839 85,442 82,321 56,341 67,306 46,0658,568 94,838 95,345 65,255 78,991 54,063

9,527 33,897 31,996 21,898 25,233 17,2708,195 39,829 36,757 25,157 28,953 19,8169,339 47,456 42,903 29,364 33,824 23,1508,006 53,389 47,726 32,665 37,694 25,7989,151 61,016 54,000 36,958 42,783 29,2811,490 69,461 61,464 42,067 48,961 33,5108,716 74,407 67,738 46,361 54,428 37,2510,941 82,774 78,723 53,879 64,108 43,8769,119 88,371 86,322 59,080 70,878 48,510

2,098 28,812 27,902 19,096 22,077 15,1101,849 35,486 33,271 22,771 26,225 17,948

Grade 100

Collapse Pressures


a=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

Pa kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

38

38.10 3.00 2.87 2.59 218,838 103,880 2,071 0.1594 938.10 3.18 3.05 2.73 231,221 110,315 2,168 0.1512 1038.10 3.40 3.28 2.91 246,942 118,589 2,289 0.1420 1038.10 3.68 3.56 3.12 265,849 128,701 2,429 0.1323 1138.10 3.96 3.84 3.33 284,417 138,813 2,561 0.1240 1238.10 4.45 4.32 3.68 315,695 156,280 2,774 0.1121 13

44.45 2.59 2.46 2.67 223,878 76,433 2,572 0.1546 444.45 2.77 2.64 2.84 239,018 81,948 2,724 0.1453 544.45 3.00 2.87 3.06 258,282 89,040 2,913 0.1350 644.45 3.18 3.05 3.22 273,109 94,556 3,056 0.1280 744.45 3.40 3.28 3.44 291,971 101,648 3,234 0.1200 844.45 3.68 3.56 3.69 314,718 110,315 3,443 0.1117 1044.45 3.96 3.84 3.95 337,126 118,983 3,643 0.1045 1044.45 4.45 4.32 4.38 375,036 133,954 3,968 0.0943 1244.45 4.78 4.65 4.66 400,394 144,198 4,175 0.0885 12

50.80 2.77 2.64 3.27 275,321 71,705 3,639 0.1261 450.80 3.00 2.87 3.53 297,727 77,910 3,900 0.1171 5


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

F

mm mm mm kg/m N kPa N-m m* k



hartsC


ata

39

0,677 37,438 25,623 29,489 20,1827,350 42,818 29,305 33,756 23,1035,507 49,460 33,851 39,095 26,7573,664 56,199 38,463 44,580 30,5113,401 66,449 45,478 53,301 36,4808,453 72,993 49,957 59,042 40,4094,183 80,617 55,176 65,790 45,028

6,627 26,130 17,884 20,723 14,1832,247 30,670 20,991 24,206 16,5679,116 36,184 24,765 28,502 19,5075,984 41,713 28,549 32,875 22,5007,849 51,384 35,168 40,654 27,8245,967 58,121 39,779 46,155 31,5892,121 64,817 44,362 51,877 35,5052,866 78,846 53,963 64,216 43,951

0,790 29,497 20,188 23,302 15,9487,004 34,489 23,605 27,175 18,599

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

50.80 3.18 3.05 3.72 314,997 82,736 4,098 0.1109 59,433 450.80 3.40 3.28 3.97 337,001 88,942 4,345 0.1040 69,184 450.80 3.68 3.56 4.27 363,587 96,526 4,637 0.0966 81,102 550.80 3.96 3.84 4.57 389,835 104,110 4,918 0.0904 93,020 650.80 4.45 4.32 5.07 434,378 117,210 5,378 0.0814 107,247 750.80 4.78 4.65 5.41 464,273 126,173 5,676 0.0763 114,628 750.80 5.16 5.03 5.79 498,181 136,515 6,002 0.0713 123,000 8

60.33 3.18 3.05 4.46 377,829 69,673 5,948 0.0924 38,904 260.33 3.40 3.28 4.77 404,545 74,898 6,320 0.0866 47,116 360.33 3.68 3.56 5.13 436,891 81,285 6,763 0.0804 57,152 360.33 3.96 3.84 5.50 468,899 87,672 7,192 0.0751 67,188 460.33 4.45 4.32 6.11 523,389 98,703 7,902 0.0675 84,523 560.33 4.78 4.65 6.53 560,092 106,251 8,365 0.0632 96,384 660.33 5.16 5.03 7.00 601,854 114,960 8,878 0.0590 105,376 760.33 5.99 5.87 8.01 691,519 134,120 9,926 0.0515 121,075 8

66.68 3.68 3.56 5.71 485,760 73,543 8,404 0.0723 44,987 366.68 3.96 3.84 6.11 521,608 79,322 8,950 0.0675 54,067 3


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 Fa




hartsC


ata

9,751 47,739 43,132 29,520 34,007 23,2750,483 55,084 49,113 33,614 38,814 26,5652,865 63,558 56,111 38,403 44,508 30,4620,668 75,743 69,461 47,540 55,937 38,284

3,228 29,586 28,527 19,524 22,556 15,4387,549 39,387 36,402 24,914 28,674 19,6257,347 46,093 41,801 28,609 32,945 22,5488,652 53,831 48,088 32,912 37,986 25,9981,893 69,737 61,809 42,303 49,260 33,715

6,299 17,999 18,533 12,684 14,836 10,1544,668 23,727 23,759 16,261 18,924 12,9522,717 29,236 28,244 19,331 22,339 15,2892,003 35,592 33,356 22,829 26,291 17,9942,434 49,575 44,621 30,539 35,198 24,090

7,817 19,039 19,507 13,351 15,601 10,6784,875 23,869 23,876 16,341 19,012 13,012

Grade 100

Collapse Pressures




40

66.68 4.45 4.32 6.81 582,731 89,303 9,856 0.0606 666.68 4.78 4.65 7.27 623,971 96,132 10,451 0.0567 866.68 5.16 5.03 7.81 670,969 104,011 11,112 0.0529 966.68 5.99 5.87 8.95 772,153 121,347 12,475 0.0461 11

73.03 3.96 3.84 6.73 574,317 72,424 10,900 0.0613 473.03 4.45 4.32 7.50 642,072 81,537 12,028 0.0550 573.03 4.78 4.65 8.02 687,850 87,773 12,770 0.0515 673.03 5.16 5.03 8.61 740,084 94,967 13,599 0.0479 773.03 5.99 5.87 9.89 852,787 110,795 15,318 0.0417 10

88.90 3.96 3.84 8.28 706,089 59,491 16,622 0.0498 288.90 4.45 4.32 9.24 790,425 66,977 18,408 0.0447 388.90 4.78 4.65 9.88 847,547 72,099 19,593 0.0417 488.90 5.16 5.03 10.63 912,871 78,009 20,924 0.0388 588.90 5.99 5.87 12.23 1,054,373 91,010 23,719 0.0337 7

114.30 5.18 5.05 13.91 1,195,060 60,980 36,094 0.0297 2114.30 5.69 5.56 15.21 1,309,051 67,108 39,188 0.0271 3


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

F




hartsC


ata

41

7,823 27,102 18,549 21,464 14,6902,437 30,823 21,096 24,325 16,648

6,426 17,062 11,678 13,686 9,3679,333 19,783 13,540 15,819 10,827

Collapse Pressures



kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa

114.30 5.99 5.87 15.98 1,376,910 70,786 41,001 0.0258 40,653 2114.30 6.35 6.22 16.87 1,455,570 75,076 43,077 0.0245 47,394 3

168.28 7.11 6.99 28.20 2,438,225 57,239 109,002 0.0146 24,001 1168.28 7.62 7.49 30.12 2,607,312 61,402 115,862 0.0137 28,248 1


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality =

Fa=0 Fa




hartsC


ataGrade 110

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

1 11,334 10,123 6,929 8,087 5,5358 12,332 11,404 7,805 9,207 6,3010 13,189 12,536 8,580 10,207 6,9860 14,031 13,679 9,362 11,224 7,682

1 7,591 6,946 4,754 5,493 3,7590 9,123 8,198 5,611 6,499 4,4489 10,464 9,309 6,371 7,405 5,0681 11,485 10,314 7,059 8,253 5,6490 12,381 11,468 7,849 9,264 6,3402 13,067 12,374 8,469 10,063 6,8871 13,935 13,548 9,272 11,107 7,6020 14,975 14,992 10,261 12,404 8,4906 15,992 16,443 11,254 13,720 9,3901 17,693 18,955 12,973 16,026 10,969

6,250 5,861 4,011 4,634 3,1724 7,367 6,765 4,630 5,348 3,6607 8,485 7,674 5,252 6,076 4,159

42


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0


1.000 0.087 0.082 0.85 26,014 18,040 532 0.1484 16,561.000 0.095 0.090 0.92 28,303 19,800 569 0.1371 18,011.000 0.102 0.097 0.98 30,269 21,340 601 0.1287 19,271.000 0.109 0.104 1.04 32,202 22,880 630 0.1214 20,50

1.250 0.087 0.082 1.08 33,098 14,432 873 0.1165 11,091.250 0.095 0.090 1.17 36,078 15,840 940 0.1074 13,331.250 0.102 0.097 1.25 38,649 17,072 996 0.1007 15,281.250 0.109 0.104 1.33 41,187 18,304 1,049 0.0948 16,781.250 0.118 0.113 1.43 44,400 19,888 1,115 0.0883 18,091.250 0.125 0.120 1.50 46,860 21,120 1,164 0.0838 19,091.250 0.134 0.129 1.60 49,973 22,704 1,224 0.0788 20,361.250 0.145 0.140 1.71 53,702 24,640 1,294 0.0736 21,881.250 0.156 0.151 1.82 57,348 26,576 1,358 0.0691 23,361.250 0.175 0.170 2.01 63,448 29,920 1,459 0.0627 25,85

1.500 0.095 0.090 1.42 43,853 13,200 1,404 0.0883 9,1311.500 0.102 0.097 1.52 47,030 14,227 1,492 0.0827 10,761.500 0.109 0.104 1.62 50,172 15,253 1,577 0.0778 12,39



hartsC


ata

43

8,857 6,062 7,036 4,8159,790 6,700 7,801 5,339

10,761 7,365 8,644 5,91611,942 8,173 9,681 6,62613,134 8,989 10,738 7,34915,212 10,411 12,602 8,625

4,976 3,405 3,945 2,7005,750 3,936 4,547 3,1126,746 4,617 5,333 3,6507,525 5,150 5,956 4,0778,536 5,842 6,774 4,6369,790 6,700 7,801 5,33910,807 7,397 8,684 5,94312,560 8,596 10,228 7,00013,772 9,426 11,308 7,739

4,306 2,947 3,430 2,3485,183 3,548 4,106 2,810

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

1.500 0.118 0.113 1.74 54,162 16,573 1,682 0.0723 14,496 9,9211.500 0.125 0.120 1.83 57,227 17,600 1,761 0.0686 16,129 11,0391.500 0.134 0.129 1.95 61,118 18,920 1,859 0.0644 17,293 11,8351.500 0.145 0.140 2.10 65,798 20,533 1,972 0.0600 18,617 12,7421.500 0.156 0.151 2.24 70,393 22,147 2,080 0.0562 19,917 13,6321.500 0.175 0.170 2.47 78,135 24,933 2,253 0.0508 22,108 15,131

1.750 0.102 0.097 1.79 55,410 12,194 2,088 0.0701 7,532 5,1551.750 0.109 0.104 1.91 59,157 13,074 2,212 0.0659 8,931 6,1131.750 0.118 0.113 2.05 63,925 14,206 2,366 0.0612 10,731 7,3441.750 0.125 0.120 2.17 67,595 15,086 2,482 0.0580 12,130 8,3021.750 0.134 0.129 2.31 72,263 16,217 2,626 0.0544 13,930 9,5341.750 0.145 0.140 2.48 77,893 17,600 2,796 0.0507 16,129 11,0391.750 0.156 0.151 2.65 83,439 18,983 2,959 0.0474 17,345 11,8711.750 0.175 0.170 2.94 92,821 21,371 3,222 0.0428 19,295 13,2061.750 0.188 0.183 3.13 99,097 23,006 3,390 0.0401 20,600 14,099

2.000 0.109 0.104 2.20 68,142 11,440 2,955 0.0572 6,332 4,3342.000 0.118 0.113 2.37 73,687 12,430 3,167 0.0531 7,907 5,412


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

6,250 5,861 4,011 4,634 3,1726 7,327 6,732 4,608 5,322 3,6430 8,644 7,805 5,342 6,182 4,2315 9,961 8,890 6,084 7,063 4,8341 11,711 10,601 7,256 8,504 5,8208 12,517 11,645 7,970 9,420 6,4474 13,431 12,862 8,803 10,496 7,184

3,981 4,014 2,748 3,209 2,1964,889 4,759 3,257 3,778 2,5865,998 5,657 3,872 4,475 3,062

4 7,107 6,554 4,485 5,181 3,5463 9,022 8,115 5,554 6,432 4,4028 10,333 9,199 6,296 7,315 5,0072 11,506 10,341 7,078 8,277 5,6657 13,221 12,579 8,609 10,245 7,012

4,653 4,567 3,126 3,630 2,4855,657 5,382 3,683 4,260 2,915

Grade 110

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

44

2.000 0.125 0.120 2.50 77,962 13,200 3,328 0.0503 9,1312.000 0.134 0.129 2.67 83,408 14,190 3,528 0.0471 10,702.000 0.145 0.140 2.87 89,988 15,400 3,766 0.0438 12,632.000 0.156 0.151 3.07 96,484 16,610 3,994 0.0410 14,552.000 0.175 0.170 3.41 107,508 18,700 4,368 0.0369 17,112.000 0.188 0.183 3.63 114,908 20,130 4,609 0.0346 18,282.000 0.203 0.198 3.89 123,300 21,780 4,874 0.0323 19,62

2.375 0.125 0.120 3.00 93,513 11,116 4,830 0.0419 5,8172.375 0.134 0.129 3.20 100,125 11,949 5,132 0.0393 7,1432.375 0.145 0.140 3.45 108,130 12,968 5,492 0.0365 8,7632.375 0.156 0.151 3.69 116,052 13,987 5,840 0.0341 10,382.375 0.175 0.170 4.11 129,539 15,747 6,417 0.0306 13,182.375 0.188 0.183 4.39 138,623 16,952 6,793 0.0287 15,092.375 0.203 0.198 4.70 148,959 18,341 7,209 0.0267 16,812.375 0.236 0.231 5.39 171,151 21,398 8,061 0.0234 19,31

2.625 0.145 0.140 3.84 120,226 11,733 6,825 0.0328 6,7992.625 0.156 0.151 4.11 129,098 12,655 7,268 0.0306 8,265


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

45

6,783 4,642 5,363 3,6707,749 5,303 6,136 4,2008,876 6,075 7,051 4,82611,082 7,585 8,924 6,108

4,408 3,017 3,509 2,4015,693 3,896 4,502 3,0816,568 4,495 5,192 3,5537,583 5,190 6,003 4,1099,860 6,748 7,858 5,378

2,846 1,948 2,296 1,5723,646 2,495 2,927 2,0044,362 2,985 3,473 2,3775,197 3,557 4,116 2,8177,024 4,807 5,555 3,802

3,005 2,057 2,421 1,6573,660 2,505 2,939 2,011

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

2.625 0.175 0.170 4.57 144,226 14,248 8,004 0.0275 10,797 7,3902.625 0.188 0.183 4.89 154,433 15,337 8,486 0.0257 12,530 8,5762.625 0.203 0.198 5.25 166,065 16,594 9,023 0.0240 14,530 9,9442.625 0.236 0.231 6.02 191,108 19,360 10,130 0.0209 17,656 12,084

2.875 0.156 0.151 4.53 142,143 11,555 8,852 0.0278 6,515 4,4592.875 0.175 0.170 5.04 158,913 13,009 9,767 0.0250 8,827 6,0412.875 0.188 0.183 5.39 170,243 14,003 10,370 0.0233 10,409 7,1242.875 0.203 0.198 5.79 183,171 15,151 11,043 0.0217 12,235 8,3742.875 0.236 0.231 6.64 211,065 17,677 12,439 0.0189 16,251 11,122

3.500 0.156 0.151 5.57 174,757 9,491 13,498 0.0226 3,952 2,7053.500 0.175 0.170 6.21 195,630 10,686 14,948 0.0203 5,186 3,5493.500 0.188 0.183 6.64 209,768 11,503 15,910 0.0189 6,432 4,4023.500 0.203 0.198 7.14 225,936 12,446 16,991 0.0176 7,932 5,4293.500 0.236 0.231 8.22 260,957 14,520 19,261 0.0153 11,231 7,686

4.500 0.204 0.199 9.35 295,777 9,729 29,310 0.0135 4,198 2,8734.500 0.224 0.219 10.22 323,990 10,707 31,823 0.0123 5,208 3,564


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

4,174 4,174 2,857 3,330 2,2794,919 4,784 3,274 3,797 2,599

2,451 2,606 1,784 2,109 1,4442,921 3,050 2,087 2,456 1,681

Grade 110

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

46

4.500 0.236 0.231 10.74 340,785 11,293 33,295 0.0117 6,0994.500 0.250 0.245 11.34 360,253 11,978 34,980 0.0111 7,188

6.625 0.280 0.275 18.95 603,461 9,132 88,515 0.0066 3,5816.625 0.300 0.295 20.24 645,310 9,796 94,085 0.0062 4,267


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

47

Collapse Pressures

% Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%

Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2 Fa=0 Fa=Fy/2

Pa kPa kPa kPa kPa

,147 69,798 47,770 55,757 38,161,024 78,624 53,812 63,478 43,445,932 86,435 59,157 70,376 48,167,738 94,309 64,547 77,389 52,966

,335 47,889 32,776 37,870 25,919,902 56,520 38,683 44,811 30,669,147 64,180 43,925 51,056 34,943,187 71,114 48,671 56,903 38,945,364 79,069 54,116 63,869 43,713,094 85,315 58,391 69,384 47,487,080 93,407 63,929 76,582 52,4143,249 103,365 70,745 85,523 58,533,258 113,372 77,594 94,595 64,742

1,986 130,689 89,446 110,495 75,625

,090 40,409 27,656 31,950 21,867,794 46,639 31,921 36,874 25,237,499 52,910 36,212 41,894 28,673,405 61,066 41,794 48,508 33,200,110 67,498 46,196 53,782 36,809,602 74,196 50,781 59,595 40,787,850 82,335 56,351 66,748 45,683,986 90,553 61,976 74,036 50,671


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0

Fa=0 Fa=

mm mm mm kg/m N kPa N-m m* kPa k

25.40 2.21 2.08 1.26 115,616 124,380 720 0.3273 114,181 7825.40 2.41 2.29 1.36 125,789 136,515 771 0.3024 124,229 8525.40 2.59 2.46 1.45 134,530 147,133 814 0.2838 132,861 9025.40 2.77 2.64 1.54 143,120 157,751 854 0.2677 141,345 96

31.75 2.21 2.08 1.61 147,101 99,504 1,183 0.2569 76,467 5231.75 2.41 2.29 1.74 160,347 109,212 1,273 0.2369 91,906 6231.75 2.59 2.46 1.86 171,775 117,706 1,349 0.2220 105,415 7231.75 2.77 2.64 1.97 183,053 126,201 1,422 0.2090 115,701 7931.75 3.00 2.87 2.12 197,333 137,122 1,511 0.1946 124,726 8531.75 3.18 3.05 2.23 208,267 145,616 1,577 0.1849 131,637 9031.75 3.40 3.28 2.37 222,103 156,537 1,659 0.1738 140,383 9631.75 3.68 3.56 2.54 238,677 169,885 1,752 0.1622 150,858 1031.75 3.96 3.84 2.71 254,879 183,234 1,840 0.1523 161,099 11031.75 4.45 4.32 2.99 281,989 206,289 1,977 0.1382 178,234 12

38.10 2.41 2.29 2.12 194,904 91,010 1,902 0.1948 62,958 4338.10 2.59 2.46 2.26 209,021 98,089 2,021 0.1823 74,216 5038.10 2.77 2.64 2.41 222,987 105,167 2,136 0.1715 85,473 5838.10 3.00 2.87 2.59 240,722 114,268 2,278 0.1594 99,947 6838.10 3.18 3.05 2.73 254,343 121,347 2,385 0.1512 111,204 7638.10 3.40 3.28 2.91 271,636 130,448 2,518 0.1420 119,229 8138.10 3.68 3.56 3.12 292,433 141,571 2,672 0.1323 128,358 8738.10 3.96 3.84 3.33 312,859 152,695 2,818 0.1240 137,323 93



hartsC


ata

,425 104,322 104,879 71,781 86,890 59,469

,931 35,542 34,305 23,479 27,197 18,614,580 42,146 39,647 27,135 31,353 21,458,986 50,637 46,512 31,833 36,772 25,168,635 57,241 51,882 35,509 41,067 28,107,041 65,732 58,853 40,280 46,705 31,966,204 76,110 67,498 46,196 53,782 36,809,588 81,848 74,511 50,997 59,870 40,976,036 91,051 86,595 59,267 70,518 48,264,031 97,208 94,954 64,988 77,966 53,361

,660 29,882 29,687 20,318 23,652 16,188,515 37,311 35,739 24,460 28,307 19,373,958 43,090 40,409 27,656 31,950 21,867,814 50,519 46,416 31,768 36,696 25,115,081 59,600 53,810 36,829 42,620 29,170,349 68,680 61,294 41,951 48,695 33,327,972 80,742 73,093 50,026 58,631 40,128,091 86,298 80,292 54,953 64,946 44,450,300 92,601 88,679 60,693 72,369 49,530

,105 27,449 27,679 18,944 22,124 15,142,246 33,705 32,812 22,457 26,046 17,826

Grade 110

Collapse Pressures

vality = 0% Ovality = 2% Ovality = 4%



48

38.10 4.45 4.32 3.68 347,265 171,908 3,051 0.1121 152

44.45 2.59 2.46 2.67 246,266 84,076 2,829 0.1546 5144.45 2.77 2.64 2.84 262,920 90,143 2,996 0.1453 6144.45 3.00 2.87 3.06 284,110 97,944 3,205 0.1350 7344.45 3.18 3.05 3.22 300,420 104,011 3,362 0.1280 8344.45 3.40 3.28 3.44 321,168 111,812 3,558 0.1200 9644.45 3.68 3.56 3.69 346,190 121,347 3,788 0.1117 11144.45 3.96 3.84 3.95 370,839 130,881 4,008 0.1045 11944.45 4.45 4.32 4.38 412,540 147,350 4,364 0.0943 13344.45 4.78 4.65 4.66 440,433 158,617 4,592 0.0885 142

50.80 2.77 2.64 3.27 302,853 78,875 4,003 0.1261 4350.80 3.00 2.87 3.53 327,499 85,701 4,290 0.1171 5450.80 3.18 3.05 3.72 346,497 91,010 4,507 0.1109 6250.80 3.40 3.28 3.97 370,701 97,836 4,780 0.1040 7350.80 3.68 3.56 4.27 399,946 106,178 5,101 0.0966 8750.80 3.96 3.84 4.57 428,819 114,521 5,410 0.0904 10050.80 4.45 4.32 5.07 477,815 128,931 5,916 0.0814 11750.80 4.78 4.65 5.41 510,700 138,790 6,243 0.0763 12650.80 5.16 5.03 5.79 547,999 150,167 6,602 0.0713 135

60.33 3.18 3.05 4.46 415,612 76,640 6,542 0.0924 4060.33 3.40 3.28 4.77 444,999 82,388 6,952 0.0866 49


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

O

F




hartsC


ata

49

,352 39,005 26,696 30,850 21,114,998 45,185 30,925 35,718 24,446,207 55,949 38,292 44,348 30,352,244 63,426 43,410 50,438 34,521,333 71,299 48,798 57,064 39,056,152 86,730 59,359 70,638 48,346

,083 31,490 21,552 25,031 17,131,001 37,106 25,396 29,369 20,101,952 46,767 32,008 36,975 25,306,128 53,424 36,564 42,309 28,957,562 61,196 41,884 48,615 33,273,317 76,407 52,294 61,531 42,113

,743 30,394 20,802 24,192 16,557,654 39,249 26,863 31,041 21,245,119 45,283 30,992 35,796 24,499,733 52,284 35,784 41,391 28,328,684 67,980 46,527 54,180 37,081

,650 19,625 13,431 15,833 10,837,471 25,139 17,206 20,184 13,814,353 30,074 20,583 23,947 16,390,429 35,834 24,525 28,381 19,424

Collapse Pressures



Pa kPa kPa kPa kPa

60.33 3.68 3.56 5.13 480,580 89,413 7,439 0.0804 60,419 4160.33 3.96 3.84 5.50 515,789 96,439 7,912 0.0751 71,592 4860.33 4.45 4.32 6.11 575,728 108,573 8,692 0.0675 90,890 6260.33 4.78 4.65 6.53 616,101 116,876 9,202 0.0632 104,094 7160.33 5.16 5.03 7.00 662,039 126,456 9,766 0.0590 115,914 7960.33 5.99 5.87 8.01 760,671 147,532 10,919 0.0515 133,183 91

66.68 3.68 3.56 5.71 534,336 80,898 9,245 0.0723 46,876 3266.68 3.96 3.84 6.11 573,768 87,254 9,845 0.0675 56,985 3966.68 4.45 4.32 6.81 641,004 98,233 10,842 0.0606 74,446 5066.68 4.78 4.65 7.27 686,368 105,745 11,496 0.0567 86,392 5966.68 5.16 5.03 7.81 738,066 114,413 12,223 0.0529 100,177 6866.68 5.99 5.87 8.95 849,369 133,481 13,722 0.0461 121,735 83

73.03 3.96 3.84 6.73 631,748 79,667 11,990 0.0613 44,919 3073.03 4.45 4.32 7.50 706,279 89,691 13,230 0.0550 60,861 4173.03 4.78 4.65 8.02 756,635 96,550 14,047 0.0515 71,769 4973.03 5.16 5.03 8.61 814,092 104,464 14,958 0.0479 84,354 5773.03 5.99 5.87 9.89 938,066 121,874 16,850 0.0417 112,043 76

88.90 3.96 3.84 8.28 776,698 65,441 18,284 0.0498 27,250 1888.90 4.45 4.32 9.24 869,467 73,675 20,248 0.0447 35,755 2488.90 4.78 4.65 9.88 932,302 79,309 21,552 0.0417 44,349 3088.90 5.16 5.03 10.63 1,004,159 85,809 23,016 0.0388 54,688 37


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0

Fa=0 Fa=




hartsC


ata

,432 52,996 48,426 33,143 38,298 26,211

,941 19,808 20,718 14,180 16,690 11,423,905 24,574 25,237 17,272 20,261 13,867,052 28,781 28,781 19,698 22,961 15,715,557 33,917 32,985 22,576 26,179 17,917

,691 16,899 17,971 12,299 14,543 9,953,421 20,136 21,028 14,392 16,933 11,589

Grade 110

Collapse Pressures




50

88.90 5.99 5.87 12.23 1,159,810 100,111 26,091 0.0337 77

114.30 5.18 5.05 13.91 1,314,566 67,078 39,703 0.0297 28114.30 5.69 5.56 15.21 1,439,957 73,819 43,107 0.0271 35114.30 5.99 5.87 15.98 1,514,601 77,864 45,102 0.0258 42114.30 6.35 6.22 16.87 1,601,127 82,583 47,384 0.0245 49

168.28 7.11 6.99 28.20 2,682,047 62,963 119,902 0.0146 24168.28 7.62 7.49 30.12 2,868,044 67,542 127,448 0.0137 29


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

O

F




hartsC


ata

51

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

11,044 7,558 8,822 6,03812,440 8,514 10,044 6,87413,676 9,360 11,135 7,62114,922 10,213 12,245 8,381

7,472 5,114 5,925 4,0558,854 6,060 7,032 4,81310,077 6,897 8,027 5,49411,252 7,701 9,003 6,16212,511 8,562 10,106 6,91613,499 9,239 10,978 7,51414,779 10,115 12,117 8,29316,355 11,194 13,532 9,26117,938 12,277 14,967 10,24420,678 14,152 17,483 11,966

6,269 4,291 4,977 3,4067,271 4,977 5,765 3,9468,276 5,664 6,567 4,495


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/


1.000 0.087 0.082 0.85 28,378 19,680 580 0.1484 18,066 12,3651.000 0.095 0.090 0.92 30,876 21,600 621 0.1371 19,656 13,4531.000 0.102 0.097 0.98 33,021 23,280 655 0.1287 21,022 14,3881.000 0.109 0.104 1.04 35,130 24,960 688 0.1214 22,364 15,306

1.250 0.087 0.082 1.08 36,107 15,744 953 0.1165 11,755 8,0461.250 0.095 0.090 1.17 39,358 17,280 1,025 0.1074 14,228 9,7381.250 0.102 0.097 1.25 42,163 18,624 1,086 0.1007 16,391 11,2181.250 0.109 0.104 1.33 44,931 19,968 1,145 0.0948 18,307 12,5291.250 0.118 0.113 1.43 48,436 21,696 1,217 0.0883 19,735 13,5071.250 0.125 0.120 1.50 51,120 23,040 1,270 0.0838 20,828 14,2551.250 0.134 0.129 1.60 54,516 24,768 1,336 0.0788 22,212 15,2021.250 0.145 0.140 1.71 58,584 26,880 1,411 0.0736 23,869 16,3371.250 0.156 0.151 1.82 62,561 28,992 1,482 0.0691 25,490 17,4461.250 0.175 0.170 2.01 69,216 32,640 1,592 0.0627 28,201 19,301

1.500 0.095 0.090 1.42 47,840 14,400 1,531 0.0883 9,592 6,5651.500 0.102 0.097 1.52 51,305 15,520 1,627 0.0827 11,395 7,7991.500 0.109 0.104 1.62 54,733 16,640 1,720 0.0778 13,198 9,033



hartsC


ata

5 10,619 9,580 6,557 7,622 5,2168 11,853 10,607 7,259 8,461 5,7915 12,911 11,740 8,035 9,429 6,4549 13,900 13,027 8,916 10,561 7,2288 14,871 14,328 9,806 11,714 8,0177 16,506 16,594 11,357 13,748 9,409

5,356 5,283 3,616 4,212 2,8836,414 6,147 4,207 4,881 3,340

8 7,774 7,251 4,963 5,749 3,9353 8,831 8,112 5,552 6,435 4,4040 10,191 9,227 6,315 7,334 5,0208 11,853 10,607 7,259 8,461 5,7912 12,950 11,790 8,069 9,473 6,4839 14,407 13,701 9,377 11,158 7,6363 15,381 15,024 10,283 12,336 8,443

4,450 4,532 3,102 3,637 2,4895,640 5,515 3,775 4,391 3,005

Grade 120

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

52

1.500 0.118 0.113 1.74 59,086 18,080 1,835 0.0723 15,511.500 0.125 0.120 1.83 62,430 19,200 1,921 0.0686 17,311.500 0.134 0.129 1.95 66,674 20,640 2,027 0.0644 18,861.500 0.145 0.140 2.10 71,779 22,400 2,152 0.0600 20,301.500 0.156 0.151 2.24 76,793 24,160 2,269 0.0562 21,721.500 0.175 0.170 2.47 85,238 27,200 2,457 0.0508 24,11

1.750 0.102 0.097 1.79 60,447 13,303 2,278 0.0701 7,8261.750 0.109 0.104 1.91 64,535 14,263 2,413 0.0659 9,3711.750 0.118 0.113 2.05 69,736 15,497 2,581 0.0612 11,351.750 0.125 0.120 2.17 73,739 16,457 2,708 0.0580 12,901.750 0.134 0.129 2.31 78,832 17,691 2,865 0.0544 14,891.750 0.145 0.140 2.48 84,974 19,200 3,050 0.0507 17,311.750 0.156 0.151 2.65 91,024 20,709 3,227 0.0474 18,921.750 0.175 0.170 2.94 101,260 23,314 3,515 0.0428 21,041.750 0.188 0.183 3.13 108,106 25,097 3,698 0.0401 22,47

2.000 0.109 0.104 2.20 74,337 12,480 3,224 0.0572 6,5022.000 0.118 0.113 2.37 80,386 13,560 3,455 0.0531 8,240


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

53

6,269 4,291 4,977 3,4067,236 4,952 5,737 3,9268,420 5,763 6,683 4,5749,617 6,582 7,651 5,23711,565 7,915 9,277 6,34912,704 8,695 10,276 7,03314,031 9,603 11,451 7,837

4,204 2,877 3,388 2,3195,041 3,450 4,026 2,7556,043 4,136 4,800 3,2857,038 4,817 5,580 3,8198,762 5,997 6,959 4,7639,957 6,815 7,929 5,42711,281 7,721 9,029 6,18013,723 9,392 11,177 7,649

4,826 3,303 3,861 2,6435,737 3,926 4,562 3,122

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

2.000 0.125 0.120 2.50 85,049 14,400 3,630 0.0503 9,592 6,5652.000 0.134 0.129 2.67 90,990 15,480 3,849 0.0471 11,330 7,7552.000 0.145 0.140 2.87 98,168 16,800 4,108 0.0438 13,455 9,2092.000 0.156 0.151 3.07 105,256 18,120 4,357 0.0410 15,580 10,6632.000 0.175 0.170 3.41 117,282 20,400 4,765 0.0369 18,666 12,7752.000 0.188 0.183 3.63 125,354 21,960 5,028 0.0346 19,951 13,6552.000 0.203 0.198 3.89 134,509 23,760 5,317 0.0323 21,408 14,652

2.375 0.125 0.120 3.00 102,014 12,126 5,269 0.0419 5,932 4,0602.375 0.134 0.129 3.20 109,227 13,036 5,599 0.0393 7,396 5,0622.375 0.145 0.140 3.45 117,961 14,147 5,991 0.0365 9,185 6,2872.375 0.156 0.151 3.69 126,603 15,259 6,371 0.0341 10,975 7,5112.375 0.175 0.170 4.11 141,315 17,179 7,000 0.0306 14,065 9,6262.375 0.188 0.183 4.39 151,225 18,493 7,410 0.0287 16,180 11,0742.375 0.203 0.198 4.70 162,501 20,008 7,865 0.0267 18,340 12,5522.375 0.236 0.231 5.39 186,710 23,343 8,793 0.0234 21,073 14,422

2.625 0.145 0.140 3.84 131,155 12,800 7,445 0.0328 7,017 4,8022.625 0.156 0.151 4.11 140,834 13,806 7,928 0.0306 8,635 5,910


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ata

2 7,824 7,292 4,991 5,782 3,9575 9,133 8,359 5,721 6,633 4,5402 10,644 9,601 6,571 7,639 5,2281 13,183 12,089 8,274 9,736 6,663

4,588 4,647 3,181 3,725 2,5506,335 6,083 4,163 4,831 3,306

3 7,531 7,053 4,827 5,593 3,8288 8,910 8,176 5,596 6,487 4,4403 11,945 10,684 7,312 8,525 5,834

2,772 2,980 2,039 2,424 1,6593,704 3,869 2,648 3,124 2,1384,525 4,595 3,145 3,685 2,5225,658 5,531 3,785 4,403 3,013

0 8,151 7,558 5,173 5,993 4,102

2,957 3,156 2,160 2,562 1,7543,721 3,885 2,659 3,137 2,147

Grade 120

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi psi

54

2.625 0.175 0.170 4.57 157,337 15,543 8,731 0.0275 11,432.625 0.188 0.183 4.89 168,472 16,731 9,258 0.0257 13,342.625 0.203 0.198 5.25 181,162 18,103 9,843 0.0240 15,552.625 0.236 0.231 6.02 208,481 21,120 11,051 0.0209 19,26

2.875 0.156 0.151 4.53 155,065 12,605 9,656 0.0278 6,7032.875 0.175 0.170 5.04 173,359 14,191 10,655 0.0250 9,2562.875 0.188 0.183 5.39 185,719 15,277 11,313 0.0233 11,002.875 0.203 0.198 5.79 199,823 16,529 12,047 0.0217 13,012.875 0.236 0.231 6.64 230,253 19,283 13,570 0.0189 17,45

3.500 0.156 0.151 5.57 190,644 10,354 14,725 0.0226 4,0493.500 0.175 0.170 6.21 213,415 11,657 16,307 0.0203 5,4123.500 0.188 0.183 6.64 228,838 12,549 17,356 0.0189 6,6123.500 0.203 0.198 7.14 246,475 13,577 18,536 0.0176 8,2683.500 0.236 0.231 8.22 284,681 15,840 21,012 0.0153 11,91

4.500 0.204 0.199 9.35 322,666 10,613 31,974 0.0135 4,3204.500 0.224 0.219 10.22 353,444 11,680 34,716 0.0123 5,436


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ova

Fa=0




hartsC


ata

55

4,384 3,001 3,525 2,4135,069 3,469 4,047 2,770

2,711 1,856 2,215 1,5163,207 2,195 2,601 1,780

Collapse Pressures



psi psi psi psi

4.500 0.236 0.231 10.74 371,766 12,320 36,322 0.0117 6,244 4,2734.500 0.250 0.245 11.34 393,004 13,067 38,160 0.0111 7,446 5,096

6.625 0.280 0.275 18.95 658,321 9,962 96,561 0.0066 3,639 2,4916.625 0.300 0.295 20.24 703,974 10,687 102,639 0.0062 4,397 3,010


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0%

Fa=0 Fa=Fy/




hartsC


ataGrade 120

Collapse Pressures




,561 85,251 76,143 52,113 60,826 41,630,522 92,753 85,772 58,704 69,249 47,395,939 99,198 94,293 64,535 76,774 52,545,194 105,533 102,883 70,414 84,424 57,781

,050 55,472 51,516 35,258 40,848 27,957,096 67,138 61,044 41,779 48,487 33,185,012 77,347 69,479 47,552 55,346 37,879,219 86,386 77,579 53,096 62,076 42,486,065 93,125 86,257 59,035 69,675 47,687,604 98,285 93,071 63,699 75,691 51,804,145 104,814 101,898 69,741 83,544 57,179,573 112,636 112,762 77,176 93,298 63,855,744 120,282 123,679 84,648 103,195 70,628,437 133,076 142,570 97,577 120,540 82,500

,134 45,263 43,226 29,584 34,312 23,484,564 53,770 50,134 34,312 39,750 27,206,994 62,277 57,062 39,054 45,279 30,990,975 73,215 66,052 45,207 52,549 35,965,404 81,722 73,129 50,050 58,338 39,927,068 89,021 80,941 55,397 65,012 44,495,027 95,836 89,820 61,474 72,816 49,836,807 102,530 98,785 67,610 80,767 55,278

56


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

O

F


25.40 2.21 2.08 1.26 126,126 135,688 785 0.3273 12425.40 2.41 2.29 1.36 137,225 148,926 841 0.3024 13525.40 2.59 2.46 1.45 146,760 160,509 887 0.2838 14425.40 2.77 2.64 1.54 156,131 172,092 931 0.2677 154

31.75 2.21 2.08 1.61 160,474 108,550 1,290 0.2569 8131.75 2.41 2.29 1.74 174,924 119,140 1,389 0.2369 9831.75 2.59 2.46 1.86 187,391 128,407 1,471 0.2220 11331.75 2.77 2.64 1.97 199,695 137,673 1,551 0.2090 12631.75 3.00 2.87 2.12 215,272 149,587 1,648 0.1946 13631.75 3.18 3.05 2.23 227,200 158,854 1,721 0.1849 14331.75 3.40 3.28 2.37 242,295 170,768 1,809 0.1738 15331.75 3.68 3.56 2.54 260,375 185,330 1,911 0.1622 16431.75 3.96 3.84 2.71 278,050 199,891 2,007 0.1523 17531.75 4.45 4.32 2.99 307,625 225,043 2,157 0.1382 194

38.10 2.41 2.29 2.12 212,623 99,284 2,074 0.1948 6638.10 2.59 2.46 2.26 228,023 107,006 2,204 0.1823 7838.10 2.77 2.64 2.41 243,258 114,728 2,330 0.1715 9038.10 3.00 2.87 2.59 262,605 124,656 2,486 0.1594 10638.10 3.18 3.05 2.73 277,465 132,378 2,602 0.1512 11938.10 3.40 3.28 2.91 296,330 142,307 2,746 0.1420 13038.10 3.68 3.56 3.12 319,018 154,441 2,915 0.1323 14038.10 3.96 3.84 3.33 341,301 166,576 3,074 0.1240 149



hartsC


ata

57

,806 114,414 78,306 94,789 64,875

,930 36,426 24,930 29,039 19,874,221 42,379 29,005 33,651 23,031,597 49,992 34,216 39,638 27,129,888 55,928 38,278 44,370 30,367,263 63,615 43,539 50,568 34,610,722 73,129 50,050 58,338 39,927,288 81,285 55,633 65,313 44,701,329 94,468 64,655 76,929 52,6516,045 103,587 70,896 85,054 58,212

,680 31,248 21,387 25,079 17,164,883 38,027 26,026 30,273 20,719,263 43,226 29,584 34,312 23,484,466 49,887 34,143 39,555 27,072,493 58,056 39,734 46,078 31,536,519 66,303 45,379 52,754 36,105,082 79,738 54,574 63,961 43,776,144 87,591 59,949 70,850 48,4911,020 96,741 66,211 78,948 54,033

,993 28,985 19,838 23,362 15,989,901 34,756 23,787 27,756 18,997

Collapse Pressures



Pa kPa kPa kPa kPa

38.10 4.45 4.32 3.68 378,834 187,536 3,329 0.1121 166,282 113

44.45 2.59 2.46 2.67 268,654 91,719 3,086 0.1546 53,958 3644.45 2.77 2.64 2.84 286,822 98,338 3,268 0.1453 64,612 4444.45 3.00 2.87 3.06 309,939 106,848 3,496 0.1350 78,310 5344.45 3.18 3.05 3.22 327,731 113,467 3,668 0.1280 88,964 6044.45 3.40 3.28 3.44 350,365 121,977 3,881 0.1200 102,662 7044.45 3.68 3.56 3.69 377,661 132,378 4,132 0.1117 119,404 8144.45 3.96 3.84 3.95 404,552 142,779 4,372 0.1045 130,460 8944.45 4.45 4.32 4.38 450,044 160,745 4,761 0.0943 145,130 9944.45 4.78 4.65 4.66 480,473 173,037 5,010 0.0885 154,943 10

50.80 2.77 2.64 3.27 330,385 86,046 4,367 0.1261 44,826 3050.80 3.00 2.87 3.53 357,272 93,492 4,680 0.1171 56,812 3850.80 3.18 3.05 3.72 377,996 99,284 4,917 0.1109 66,134 4550.80 3.40 3.28 3.97 404,401 106,730 5,214 0.1040 78,120 5350.80 3.68 3.56 4.27 436,304 115,831 5,564 0.0966 92,769 6350.80 3.96 3.84 4.57 467,802 124,932 5,902 0.0904 107,418 7350.80 4.45 4.32 5.07 521,253 140,652 6,454 0.0814 128,696 8850.80 4.78 4.65 5.41 557,128 151,408 6,811 0.0763 137,554 9450.80 5.16 5.03 5.79 597,817 163,818 7,202 0.0713 147,600 10

60.33 3.18 3.05 4.46 453,395 83,607 7,137 0.0924 40,901 2760.33 3.40 3.28 4.77 485,454 89,878 7,584 0.0866 50,994 34


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0

Fa=0 Fa=




hartsC


ata

,330 43,344 41,666 28,517 33,095 22,651,667 51,787 48,523 33,210 38,476 26,333,975 66,371 60,414 41,348 47,978 32,837,554 76,349 68,650 46,985 54,668 37,415,451 86,545 77,780 53,234 62,252 42,606,290 99,439 94,615 64,756 77,060 52,741

,377 33,110 33,274 22,773 26,622 18,221,539 40,749 39,551 27,070 31,452 21,526,817 53,944 50,275 34,409 39,862 27,282,008 62,972 57,630 39,443 45,735 31,302,228 73,388 66,196 45,305 52,666 36,045,802 90,891 83,353 57,048 67,125 45,941

,216 31,631 32,043 21,931 25,684 17,578,818 43,678 41,937 28,702 33,306 22,795,862 51,921 48,632 33,284 38,561 26,392,758 61,432 56,372 38,582 44,725 30,611,331 82,356 73,660 50,414 58,774 40,226

,920 19,109 20,543 14,060 16,712 11,438,317 25,540 26,678 18,259 21,540 14,742,587 31,200 31,684 21,685 25,410 17,391,002 39,013 38,133 26,099 30,355 20,775

Grade 120

Collapse Pressures




58

60.33 3.68 3.56 5.13 524,269 97,542 8,116 0.0804 6360.33 3.96 3.84 5.50 562,679 105,206 8,631 0.0751 7560.33 4.45 4.32 6.11 628,067 118,444 9,482 0.0675 9660.33 4.78 4.65 6.53 672,110 127,501 10,038 0.0632 11160.33 5.16 5.03 7.00 722,225 137,952 10,653 0.0590 12660.33 5.99 5.87 8.01 829,823 160,944 11,912 0.0515 145

66.68 3.68 3.56 5.71 582,912 88,252 10,085 0.0723 4866.68 3.96 3.84 6.11 625,929 95,186 10,740 0.0675 5966.68 4.45 4.32 6.81 699,277 107,163 11,827 0.0606 7866.68 4.78 4.65 7.27 748,765 115,358 12,541 0.0567 9266.68 5.16 5.03 7.81 805,163 124,814 13,334 0.0529 10766.68 5.99 5.87 8.95 926,584 145,616 14,970 0.0461 132

73.03 3.96 3.84 6.73 689,180 86,909 13,081 0.0613 4673.03 4.45 4.32 7.50 770,486 97,845 14,433 0.0550 6373.03 4.78 4.65 8.02 825,420 105,327 15,324 0.0515 7573.03 5.16 5.03 8.61 888,101 113,960 16,318 0.0479 8973.03 5.99 5.87 9.89 1,023,345 132,954 18,382 0.0417 120

88.90 3.96 3.84 8.28 847,307 71,390 19,947 0.0498 2788.90 4.45 4.32 9.24 948,510 80,373 22,089 0.0447 3788.90 4.78 4.65 9.88 1,017,057 86,519 23,511 0.0417 4588.90 5.16 5.03 10.63 1,095,446 93,610 25,108 0.0388 57


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

O

F




hartsC


ata

59

,201 52,109 35,664 41,320 28,280

,387 21,763 14,895 17,666 12,091,653 26,786 18,333 21,625 14,801,464 30,228 20,688 24,304 16,634,136 34,949 23,920 27,905 19,098

,174 18,693 12,793 15,271 10,451,750 22,108 15,131 17,936 12,276

Collapse Pressures



Pa kPa kPa kPa kPa

88.90 5.99 5.87 12.23 1,265,248 109,212 28,463 0.0337 82,115 56

114.30 5.18 5.05 13.91 1,434,073 73,176 43,312 0.0297 29,788 20114.30 5.69 5.56 15.21 1,570,862 80,530 47,026 0.0271 37,482 25114.30 5.99 5.87 15.98 1,652,292 84,943 49,202 0.0258 43,050 29114.30 6.35 6.22 16.87 1,746,684 90,091 51,692 0.0245 51,337 35

168.28 7.11 6.99 28.20 2,925,870 68,687 130,802 0.0146 25,092 17168.28 7.62 7.49 30.12 3,128,775 73,682 139,034 0.0137 30,318 20


Wall Thickness


Yield Press.

Yield Torque

Elastic Stretch

Ovality = 0

Fa=0 Fa=




60

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsDrill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure

Drill Pipe Yield Strength & PressureThe following tables contain the sizes, volumes, displacements, torsional and tensile yield strengths, internal pressures and collapse pressures for new and used drill pipe (DP) of dif-ferent grades. Upsets and couplings are not considered in these calculations.

EquationsThe following equations are used in any consistent units. The values must then be con-verted to the units shown in the tables.

The internal volume is:

(1)

The external displacement is:

(2)

The tensile yield strength is:

(3)

The torsional yield strength is:

(4)

The internal pressure is:

(5)

For new drill pipe the nominal wall thickness in equation (4) is multiplied by the factor 0.875 due to permissible wall thickness tolerance of minus 12.5 percent.

For used drill pipe, replace by and by in the above equations as per the following table.

anchor

The collapse pressure calculation is based on the equations in reference 1. As the equations are lengthy, they are not reproduced in this handbook.

Drill Pipe Type

Premium class

Class 2

AYP m=

o

m

DJYQ 096167.0=

o

mi D

tYP 2=

t

oD*oD t *t

oD *t

tDo 4.0− t8.0

tDo 6.0− t7.0

1

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsDrill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure

Nomenclature

ReferencesAPI Recommended Practice 7G, Sixteenth Edition: “Recommended Practice for Drill Stem Design and Operating Limits”, December 1998

= cross sectional area of the DP wall =

= internal cross sectional area of DP =

= average area of steel

= outside diameter of the DP

= inside diameter of the DP

= polar moment of inertia =

= minimum tensile strength

= internal pressure

= minimum torsional yield strength

= nominal wall thickness =

= internal volume

= external displacement

= minimum yield strength of the material

A )(4

22io DD −π

iA

sA

oD

iD

J )(32

44io DD −π

P

iP

Q

t2

io DD −

iV

oV

mY

2


hartsD

rill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure

3

Tensile Yield Strengthlb

5 X95 G105 S135

41 122,412 135,297 173,953 17 123,902 136,944 176,071 14 175,072 193,500 248,786

04 161,885 178,925 230,04702 172,143 190,263 244,62415 214,086 236,622 304,22844 271,503 300,082 385,820

41 213,992 236,517 304,09464 246,068 271,970 349,67695 286,513 316,673 407,15069 343,988 380,197 488,82575 408,848 451,885 580,995

55 292,290 323,057 415,36059 361,454 399,502 513,646

46 317,105 350,484 450,62234 342,043 378,047 486,06158 418,707 462,781 595,00458 522,320 577,301 742,244

73 415,559 459,302 590,53195 501,087 553,833 712,070

Drill Pipe Yield StrengthEnglish Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Torsional Yield Strengthft-lb

in lb/ft in E75 X95 G105 S135 E7

2.375 * 4.80 2.000 4,716 5,973 6,602 8,488 96,64.85 1.995 4,763 6,033 6,668 8,574 97,8

6.65 1.815 6,250 7,917 8,751 11,251 138,2

2.875 * 6.45 2.469 7,674 9,721 10,744 13,814 127,86.85 2.441 8,083 10,238 11,316 14,549 135,9

* 8.35 2.323 9,655 12,229 13,517 17,378 169,010.40 2.151 11,554 14,636 16,176 20,798 214,3

3.500 8.50 3.063 12,552 15,899 17,572 22,593 168,99.50 2.992 14,146 17,919 19,805 25,463 194,2

* 11.20 2.900 16,050 20,330 22,470 28,890 226,113.30 2.764 18,551 23,499 25,972 33,393 271,515.50 2.602 21,086 26,709 29,520 37,954 322,7

4.000 11.85 3.476 19,474 24,668 27,264 35,054 230,714.00 3.340 23,288 29,498 32,603 41,918 285,3

4.500 * 12.75 4.000 24,242 30,707 33,939 43,636 250,3* 13.75 3.958 25,908 32,816 36,271 46,634 270,0

16.60 3.826 30,807 39,022 43,130 55,453 330,520.00 3.640 36,901 46,741 51,661 66,422 412,3

5.000 16.25 4.408 35,044 44,390 49,062 63,080 328,019.50 4.276 41,167 52,145 57,633 74,100 395,5

* Not API Standard.


hartsD


437,116 553,681 611,963 786,8094 497,222 629,814 696,111 894,999

364,667 461,912 510,534 656,401431,862 547,026 604,607 777,352

3 503,054 637,202 704,276 905,498

7 418,602 530,229 586,042 753,4835 489,464 619,988 685,250 881,0354 630,371 798,469 882,519 1,134,667

3 563,935 714,318 789,510 1,015,084

6 775,188 981,905 1,085,263 1,395,338

Drill Pipe Yield Strength

Tensile Yield Strengthlb

E75 X95 G105 S135

4

anchoranchor

5.500 21.90 4.778 50,710 64,233 70,994 91,27924.70 4.670 56,574 71,661 79,204 101,83

5.563 19.00 4.975 43,889 55,593 61,445 79,00022.20 4.859 50,912 64,488 71,276 91,64125.25 4.733 57,991 73,455 81,187 104,38

6.625 22.20 6.065 61,276 77,616 85,786 110,2925.20 5.965 70,581 89,402 98,813 127,0431.90 5.761 88,163 111,673 123,429 158,69

7.625 29.25 6.969 94,868 120,167 132,816 170,76

8.625 40.00 7.825 146,525 185,599 205,135 263,74

English Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Torsional Yield Strengthft-lb

in lb/ft in E75 X95 G105 S135

* Not API Standard.


hartsD


5

Tensile Yield StrengthKg

E75 X95 G105 S135

3,835 55,525 61,369 78,9044,369 56,201 62,117 79,8642,693 79,411 87,770 112,847

7,971 73,429 81,159 104,3471,644 78,082 86,301 110,9596,664 97,107 107,329 137,9957,224 123,151 136,114 175,004

6,630 97,065 107,282 137,9348,116 111,614 123,363 158,610

02,600 129,960 143,639 184,67923,181 156,029 172,454 221,72646,407 185,449 204,970 263,533

04,668 132,580 146,536 188,40329,436 163,952 181,210 232,985

13,554 143,835 158,976 204,39822,485 155,147 171,478 220,47249,938 189,921 209,913 269,88887,041 236,919 261,858 336,674

48,811 188,493 208,335 267,85979,438 227,288 251,213 322,988

Drill Pipe Yield StrengthMetric Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Torsional Yield Strengthm-Kg

mm Kg/m mm E75 X95 G105 S135

60.33 * 7.14 50.80 652 826 913 1,174 47.22 50.67 659 834 922 1,185 49.90 46.10 864 1,095 1,210 1,555 6

73.03 * 9.60 62.71 1,061 1,344 1,485 1,910 510.19 62.00 1,117 1,415 1,564 2,011 6

* 12.42 59.00 1,335 1,691 1,869 2,403 715.48 54.64 1,597 2,023 2,236 2,875 9

88.90 12.65 77.80 1,735 2,198 2,429 3,124 714.14 76.00 1,956 2,477 2,738 3,520 8

* 16.67 73.66 2,219 2,811 3,107 3,994 119.79 70.21 2,565 3,249 3,591 4,617 123.06 66.09 2,915 3,693 4,081 5,247 1

101.60 17.63 88.29 2,692 3,410 3,769 4,846 120.83 84.84 3,220 4,078 4,508 5,795 1

114.30 * 18.97 101.60 3,352 4,245 4,692 6,033 1* 20.46 100.53 3,582 4,537 5,015 6,447 1

24.70 97.18 4,259 5,395 5,963 7,667 129.76 92.46 5,102 6,462 7,142 9,183 1

127.00 24.18 111.96 4,845 6,137 6,783 8,721 129.02 108.61 5,692 7,209 7,968 10,245 1

* Not API Standard.


hartsD


620 198,272 251,144 277,580 356,889079 225,535 285,677 315,749 405,963

922 165,409 209,519 231,573 297,737670 195,889 248,125 274,244 352,599431 228,180 289,029 319,453 410,725

249 189,873 240,506 265,823 341,772565 222,016 281,220 310,822 399,629940 285,930 362,178 400,302 514,674

609 255,795 324,008 358,114 460,432

464 351,618 445,382 492,265 632,912

Drill Pipe Yield Strength

Tensile Yield StrengthKg

35 E75 X95 G105 S135

6

anchor

139.70 32.59 121.36 7,011 8,881 9,815 12,36.75 118.62 7,822 9,907 10,950 14,

141.29 28.27 126.37 6,068 7,686 8,495 10,33.03 123.42 7,039 8,916 9,854 12,37.57 120.22 8,017 10,155 11,224 14,

168.28 33.03 154.05 8,472 10,731 11,860 15,37.50 151.51 9,758 12,360 13,661 17,47.47 146.33 12,189 15,439 17,065 21,

193.68 43.52 177.01 13,116 16,614 18,362 23,

219.08 59.52 198.76 20,258 25,660 28,361 36,

Metric Units

Outside Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Torsional Yield Strengthm-Kg

mm Kg/m mm E75 X95 G105 S1

* Not API Standard.


hartsD


7

UE

Used Class 2 Drill Pipe

nal Yield Strengthft-lb

***Tensile Yield Strengthlb

95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

045 4,471 5,748 65,909 83,485 92,273 118,636083 4,513 5,802 66,686 84,469 93,360 120,035232 5,782 7,434 92,871 117,636 130,019 167,167

612 7,308 9,396 87,424 110,737 122,393 157,362946 7,677 9,871 92,801 117,548 129,922 167,043199 9,062 11,651 114,542 145,086 160,358 206,175615 10,627 13,663 143,557 181,839 200,980 258,403

,860 12,003 15,432 115,896 146,802 162,255 208,614,176 13,457 17,302 132,793 168,204 185,910 239,027,714 15,158 19,489 153,883 194,919 215,436 276,990,663 17,312 22,258 183,398 232,304 256,757 330,116,515 19,359 24,890 215,967 273,558 302,354 388,741

,823 18,594 23,907 158,132 200,301 221,385 284,638,935 22,034 28,329 194,363 246,193 272,108 349,853

,044 23,259 29,904 172,149 218,056 241,009 309,869,439 24,801 31,887 185,390 234,827 259,546 333,702,483 29,271 37,634 225,771 285,977 316,080 406,388,346 34,646 44,544 279,501 354,035 391,302 503,103

,368 33,564 43,154 225,316 285,400 315,442 405,568

sed Drill Pipe Yield Strengthnglish Units

Used Premium Class Drill Pipe

O.D.Wt w/

CouplingsI.D.

**Torsional Yield Strengthft-lb

**Tensile Yield Strengthlb

***Torsio

in lb/ft in E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X

2.375 * 4.80 2.000 3,689 4,673 5,165 6,641 75,987 96,251 106,382 136,777 3,193 4,4.85 1.995 3,725 4,719 5,215 6,705 76,893 97,398 107,650 138,407 3,224 4,6.65 1.815 4,811 6,093 6,735 8,659 107,616 136,313 150,662 193,709 4,130 5,

2.875 * 6.45 2.469 6,023 7,629 8,432 10,841 100,689 127,540 140,965 181,241 5,220 6,6.85 2.441 6,332 8,020 8,865 11,397 106,946 135,465 149,725 192,503 5,484 6,

* 8.35 2.323 7,503 9,504 10,505 13,506 132,341 167,631 185,277 238,213 6,473 8,10.40 2.151 8,858 11,220 12,401 15,945 166,535 210,945 233,149 299,764 7,591 9,

3.500 8.50 3.063 9,878 12,512 13,829 17,780 133,353 168,914 186,694 240,035 8,573 109.50 2.992 11,094 14,052 15,531 19,969 152,979 193,774 214,171 275,363 9,612 12

* 11.20 2.900 12,525 15,866 17,536 22,546 177,563 224,913 248,588 319,613 10,827 1313.30 2.764 14,361 18,191 20,106 25,851 212,150 268,723 297,010 381,870 12,366 1515.50 2.602 16,146 20,452 22,605 29,063 250,620 317,452 350,868 451,115 13,828 17

4.000 11.85 3.476 15,310 19,392 21,434 27,557 182,016 230,554 254,823 327,630 13,282 1614.00 3.340 18,196 23,048 25,474 32,753 224,182 283,963 313,854 403,527 15,738 19

4.500 * 12.75 4.000 19,120 24,219 26,768 34,416 197,920 250,699 277,088 356,257 16,613 21* 13.75 3.958 20,403 25,844 28,564 36,725 213,258 270,127 298,562 383,865 17,715 22

16.60 3.826 24,139 30,576 33,795 43,451 260,165 329,542 364,231 468,297 20,908 2620.00 3.640 28,684 36,333 40,157 51,630 322,916 409,026 452,082 581,248 24,747 31

5.000 16.25 4.408 27,607 34,969 38,650 49,693 259,155 328,263 362,817 466,479 23,975 30* Not API Standard.** Premium Class: t = (0.80) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40) Wall Thickness*** Class 2: t = (0.70) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60) Wall Thickness


hartsD


27,976 35,436 39,166 50,356 270,432 342,547 378,605 486,778

34,582 43,804 48,415 62,248 299,533 379,409 419,346 539,16038,384 48,619 53,737 69,090 339,534 430,076 475,347 611,160

30,116 38,147 42,162 54,209 250,997 317,930 351,396 451,79534,761 44,031 48,665 62,570 296,182 375,163 414,654 533,12739,363 49,860 55,109 70,854 343,627 435,260 481,077 618,528

42,244 53,508 59,141 76,038 289,142 366,246 404,799 520,45548,498 61,430 67,897 87,296 337,236 427,166 472,131 607,02660,136 76,172 84,190 108,245 432,025 547,232 604,835 777,645

65,381 82,816 91,534 117,686 389,431 493,280 545,204 700,977

100,835 127,724 141,169 181,503 534,715 677,305 748,601 962,487

Used Drill Pipe Yield Strength


***Torsional Yield Strengthft-lb

***Tensile Yield Strengthlb

E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

8

anchor

19.50 4.276 32,285 40,895 45,200 58,114 311,536 394,612 436,150 560,764

5.500 21.90 4.778 39,864 50,494 55,809 71,755 344,780 436,721 482,692 620,60424.70 4.670 44,320 56,139 62,049 79,777 391,285 495,627 547,799 704,313

5.563 19.00 4.975 34,645 43,884 48,503 62,362 288,481 365,409 403,873 519,26522.20 4.859 40,054 50,735 56,076 72,098 340,826 431,712 477,156 613,48625.25 4.733 45,444 57,563 63,622 81,800 395,959 501,548 554,342 712,726

6.625 22.20 6.065 48,522 61,461 67,931 87,340 331,926 420,439 464,696 597,46625.20 5.965 55,766 70,637 78,073 100,379 387,466 490,790 542,452 697,43831.90 5.761 69,316 87,800 97,042 124,768 497,261 629,864 696,165 895,070

7.625 29.25 6.969 75,107 95,135 105,149 135,192 447,092 566,317 625,929 804,766

8.625 40.00 7.825 115,890 146,793 162,245 208,601 614,119 777,883 859,766 1,105,413

English Units


O.D.Wt w/

CouplingsI.D.

**Torsional Yield Strengthft-lb

**Tensile Yield Strengthlb

in lb/ft in E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

* Not API Standard.** Premium Class: t = (0.80) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40) Wall Thickness*** Class 2: t = (0.70) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60) Wall Thickness


hartsD


9


al Yield Strengthm-kg

*** Tensile Yield Strengthkg

5 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

9 618 795 29,896 37,868 41,854 53,812 5 624 802 30,248 38,314 42,347 54,447 3 799 1,028 42,125 53,359 58,975 75,825

4 1,010 1,299 39,654 50,229 55,516 71,378 0 1,061 1,365 42,094 53,319 58,931 75,769 34 1,253 1,611 51,955 65,810 72,737 93,519 29 1,469 1,889 65,116 82,480 91,162 117,209

01 1,659 2,134 52,569 66,588 73,597 94,625 83 1,861 2,392 60,234 76,296 84,327 108,420 96 2,096 2,694 69,800 88,413 97,720 125,640 65 2,393 3,077 83,187 105,371 116,462 149,737 22 2,676 3,441 97,961 124,083 137,145 176,329

26 2,571 3,305 71,727 90,854 100,418 129,109 56 3,046 3,917 88,161 111,671 123,425 158,690

09 3,216 4,134 78,085 98,908 109,319 140,553 02 3,429 4,409 84,091 106,515 117,727 151,364 61 4,047 5,203 102,408 129,716 143,371 184,334 34 4,790 6,158 126,779 160,587 177,491 228,202

98 4,640 5,966 102,201 129,455 143,081 183,962

Used Drill Pipe Yield StrengthMetric Units


O.D.Wt w/

CouplingsI.D.

** Torsional Yield Strengthm-kg

** Tensile Yield Strengthkg

*** Torsion

mm kg/m mm E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X9

60.33 * 7.14 50.80 510 646 714 918 34,467 43,658 48,254 62,041 441 557.22 50.67 515 652 721 927 34,878 44,179 48,829 62,780 446 569.90 46.10 665 842 931 1,197 48,813 61,830 68,339 87,864 571 72

73.03 * 9.60 62.71 833 1,055 1,166 1,499 45,672 57,851 63,940 82,209 722 9110.19 62.00 875 1,109 1,226 1,576 48,510 61,446 67,914 87,318 758 96

* 12.42 59.00 1,037 1,314 1,452 1,867 60,028 76,036 84,040 108,051 895 1,115.48 54.64 1,225 1,551 1,715 2,204 75,539 95,682 105,754 135,970 1,049 1,3

88.90 12.65 77.80 1,366 1,730 1,912 2,458 60,488 76,618 84,683 108,878 1,185 1,514.14 76.00 1,534 1,943 2,147 2,761 69,390 87,894 97,146 124,902 1,329 1,6

* 16.67 73.66 1,732 2,193 2,424 3,117 80,541 102,018 112,757 144,973 1,497 1,819.79 70.21 1,986 2,515 2,780 3,574 96,229 121,890 134,721 173,212 1,710 2,123.06 66.09 2,232 2,828 3,125 4,018 113,679 143,993 159,150 204,621 1,912 2,4

101.60 17.63 88.29 2,117 2,681 2,963 3,810 82,561 104,577 115,585 148,610 1,836 2,320.83 84.84 2,516 3,187 3,522 4,528 101,687 128,803 142,361 183,036 2,176 2,7

114.30 * 18.97 101.60 2,643 3,348 3,701 4,758 89,775 113,715 125,685 161,594 2,297 2,9* 20.46 100.53 2,821 3,573 3,949 5,077 96,732 122,527 135,425 174,117 2,449 3,1

24.70 97.18 3,337 4,227 4,672 6,007 118,008 149,477 165,211 212,415 2,891 3,629.76 92.46 3,966 5,023 5,552 7,138 146,471 185,530 205,060 263,648 3,421 4,3

127.00 24.18 111.96 3,817 4,835 5,344 6,870 117,550 148,897 164,570 211,590 3,315 4,1* Not API Standard.** Premium Class: t = (0.80) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40) Wall Thickness*** Class 2: t = (0.70) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60) Wall Thickness


hartsD


3,868 4,899 5,415 6,962 122,665 155,376 171,731 220,798

4,781 6,056 6,694 8,606 135,865 172,096 190,211 244,557 5,307 6,722 7,429 9,552 154,009 195,078 215,613 277,216

4,164 5,274 5,829 7,495 113,850 144,210 159,390 204,930 4,806 6,087 6,728 8,651 134,345 170,170 188,083 241,821 5,442 6,893 7,619 9,796 155,866 197,430 218,212 280,558

5,840 7,398 8,177 10,513 131,152 166,126 183,613 236,073 6,705 8,493 9,387 12,069 152,967 193,758 214,154 275,341 8,314 10,531 11,640 14,965 195,962 248,219 274,347 352,732

9,039 11,450 12,655 16,271 176,642 223,747 247,299 317,956

13,941 17,658 19,517 25,094 242,541 307,219 339,558 436,574

Used Drill Pipe Yield Strength


*** Torsional Yield Strengthm-kg

*** Tensile Yield Strengthkg

E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

10

anchor

29.02 108.61 4,464 5,654 6,249 8,035 141,309 178,992 197,833 254,357

139.70 32.59 121.36 5,511 6,981 7,716 9,920 156,389 198,092 218,944 281,500 36.75 118.62 6,128 7,762 8,579 11,030 177,483 224,812 248,476 319,469

141.29 28.27 126.37 4,790 6,067 6,706 8,622 130,852 165,746 183,193 235,534 33.03 123.42 5,538 7,014 7,753 9,968 154,595 195,820 216,433 278,271 37.57 120.22 6,283 7,958 8,796 11,309 179,603 227,497 251,444 323,285

168.28 33.03 154.05 6,708 8,497 9,392 12,075 150,558 190,707 210,781 271,005 37.50 151.51 7,710 9,766 10,794 13,878 175,751 222,617 246,051 316,351 47.47 146.33 9,583 12,139 13,417 17,250 225,553 285,700 315,774 405,995

193.68 43.52 177.01 10,384 13,153 14,537 18,691 202,797 256,876 283,915 365,034

219.08 59.52 198.76 16,022 20,295 22,431 28,840 278,558 352,840 389,981 501,404

Metric Units


O.D.Wt w/

CouplingsI.D.

** Torsional Yield Strengthm-kg

** Tensile Yield Strengthkg

mm kg/m mm E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

* Not API Standard.** Premium Class: t = (0.80) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40) Wall Thickness*** Class 2: t = (0.70) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60) Wall Thickness


hartsD


11

Internal Yield Pressureat Minimum Yield Strength

psi

E75 X95 G105 S135

10,362 13,125 14,507 18,651 10,500 13,300 14,700 18,900 15,474 19,600 21,663 27,853

9,267 11,739 12,974 16,681 9,907 12,548 13,869 17,832

12,600 15,960 17,640 22,680 16,526 20,933 23,137 29,747

8,194 10,379 11,471 14,749 9,525 12,065 13,335 17,145 11,250 14,250 15,750 20,250 13,800 17,480 19,320 24,840 16,838 21,328 23,573 30,308

8,597 10,889 12,036 15,474 10,828 13,716 15,159 19,491

7,292 10,391 10,208 13,125 7,904 10,012 11,066 14,228 9,829 14,007 13,761 17,693

12,542 17,872 17,558 22,575

7,770 9,842 10,878 13,986 9,503 12,037 13,304 17,105

Drill Pipe PressureEnglish Units

Outer Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness

Collapse PressureBased on Minimum Values

psi

in lb/ft in in E75 X95 G105 S135

2.375 * 4.800 2.000 0.188 10,907 13,816 15,172 18,565 4.850 1.995 0.190 11,040 13,984 15,456 19,030

6.650 1.815 0.280 15,599 19,759 21,839 28,079

2.875 * 6.450 2.469 0.203 9,552 11,493 12,404 14,874 6.850 2.441 0.217 10,467 12,938 14,021 17,029

* 8.350 2.323 0.276 13,018 16,489 18,225 23,432 10.400 2.151 0.362 16,509 20,911 23,112 29,716

3.500 8.500 3.063 0.219 7,678 9,065 9,688 11,255 9.500 2.992 0.254 10,001 12,075 13,055 15,743

* 11.200 2.900 0.300 11,755 14,890 16,457 21,159 13.300 2.764 0.368 14,113 17,877 19,758 25,404 15.500 2.602 0.449 16,774 21,247 23,484 30,194

4.000 11.850 3.476 0.262 8,382 9,977 10,708 12,614 14.000 3.340 0.330 11,354 14,382 15,896 20,137

4.500 * 12.750 4.000 0.250 6,104 7,025 7,406 8,213 * 13.750 3.958 0.271 7,173 8,410 8,955 10,278

16.600 3.826 0.337 10,392 12,763 13,825 16,769 20.000 3.640 0.430 12,964 16,421 18,149 23,335

5.000 16.250 4.408 0.296 6,939 8,107 8,616 9,826 19.500 4.276 0.362 9,962 12,024 12,999 15,667

* Not API Standard.


hartsD

rill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure12,674 8,615 10,912 12,061 15,507 17,019 9,903 12,544 13,865 17,826

6,998 6,931 8,779 9,704 12,476 11,612 8,300 10,513 11,620 14,939 16,624 9,786 12,396 13,701 17,615

3,864 5,547 7,026 7,766 9,985 6,041 6,538 8,281 9,153 11,768

12,484 8,558 10,841 11,982 15,405

4,084 5,646 7,151 7,904 10,163

5,052 6,087 7,710 8,522 10,957

Drill Pipe Pressure

lues Internal Yield Pressure

at Minimum Yield Strengthpsi

S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

12

anchor

5.500 21.900 4.778 0.361 8,413 10,017 10,753 24.700 4.670 0.415 10,464 12,931 14,013

5.563 19.000 4.975 0.294 5,475 6,210 6,494 22.200 4.859 0.352 7,863 9,305 9,956

25.250 4.733 0.415 10,350 12,666 13,716

6.625 22.200 6.065 0.280 3,173 3,568 3,703 25.200 5.965 0.330 4,788 5,321 5,499

31.900 5.761 0.432 8,315 9,890 10,611

7.625 29.250 6.969 0.328 3,285 3,713 3,865

8.625 40.000 7.825 0.400 4,002 4,360 4,590

English Units

Outer Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness

Collapse PressureBased on Minimum Va

psi

in lb/ft in in E75 X95 G105

* Not API Standard.


hartsD


13

Internal Yield Pressureat Minimum Yield Strength

KPa

E75 X95 G105 S135

71,442 90,494 100,019 128,596 1,523 1,929 2,132 2,741 2,244 2,842 3,141 4,039

63,896 80,935 89,455 115,014 68,303 86,517 95,624 122,946 86,874 110,040 121,624 156,373 113,943 144,328 159,521 205,098

56,494 71,559 79,091 101,689 65,673 83,185 91,942 118,211 77,566 98,250 108,592 139,619 95,148 120,520 133,207 171,266 116,090 147,048 162,527 208,963

59,273 75,080 82,983 106,692 74,657 94,566 104,520 134,383

50,274 71,641 70,384 90,494 54,497 69,030 76,296 98,095 67,770 96,572 94,878 121,985 86,472 123,222 121,060 155,649

53,572 67,858 75,001 96,430 65,517 82,989 91,724 117,931

Drill Pipe PressureMetric Units

Outer Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness


KPa

mm Kg/m mm mm E75 X95 G105 S135

60.33 * 7.14 50.80 4.763 75,203 95,257 104,609 127,998 7.22 50.67 4.826 76,118 96,416 106,565 131,210 9.90 46.10 7.112 107,554 136,235 150,575 193,597

73.03 * 9.60 62.71 5.156 65,858 79,240 85,521 102,556 10.19 62.00 5.512 72,169 89,204 96,668 117,414

* 12.42 59.00 7.010 89,753 113,687 125,654 161,556 15.48 54.64 9.195 113,824 144,178 159,354 204,884

88.90 12.65 77.80 5.550 52,940 62,501 66,796 77,597 14.14 76.00 6.452 68,958 83,256 90,014 108,544

* 16.67 73.66 7.620 81,049 102,662 113,468 145,887 19.79 70.21 9.347 97,307 123,255 136,230 175,152 23.06 66.09 11.405 115,655 146,496 161,916 208,178

101.60 17.63 88.29 6.655 57,790 68,786 73,827 86,969 20.83 84.84 8.382 78,284 99,159 109,597 138,838

114.30 * 18.97 101.60 6.350 42,086 48,438 51,063 56,627 * 20.46 100.53 6.883 49,455 57,987 61,745 70,865

24.70 97.18 8.560 71,651 87,998 95,319 115,615 29.76 92.46 10.922 89,382 113,217 125,134 160,887

127.00 24.18 111.96 7.518 47,841 55,895 59,405 67,746 29.02 108.61 9.195 68,687 82,905 89,622 108,021

* Not API Standard.


hartsD

rill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure87,385 59,397 75,236 83,155 106,914 117,341 68,282 86,490 95,594 122,907

48,246 47,789 60,532 66,904 86,020 80,061 57,225 72,484 80,114 103,004 114,617 67,474 85,467 94,463 121,453

26,643 38,246 48,445 53,545 68,844 41,651 45,076 57,096 63,107 81,137 86,076 59,009 74,744 82,612 106,216

28,160 38,927 49,308 54,498 70,069

34,832 41,968 53,160 58,755 75,543

Drill Pipe Pressure

ues Internal Yield Pressure

at Minimum Yield StrengthKPa

S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

14

anchor

139.70 32.59 121.36 9.169 58,006 69,065 74,139 36.75 118.62 10.541 72,148 89,155 96,614

141.29 28.27 126.37 7.461 37,748 42,817 44,775 33.03 123.42 8.934 54,215 64,153 68,644 37.57 120.22 10.535 71,363 87,329 94,570

168.28 33.03 154.05 7.112 21,877 24,598 25,532 37.50 151.51 8.382 33,014 36,684 37,913 47.47 146.33 10.973 57,328 68,188 73,157

193.68 43.52 177.01 8.331 22,651 25,598 26,651

219.08 59.52 198.76 10.160 27,590 30,064 31,645

Metric Units

Outer Diameter

Weight w/ Couplings

Internal Diameter

Wall Thickness

Collapse PressureBased on Minimum Val

KPa

mm Kg/m mm mm E75 X95 G105

* Not API Standard.


hartsD


15

UE


ollapse Pressure on Minimum Values

psi

# Internal Yield Pressureat Minimum Yield Strength

psi

X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

7,754 8,221 9,300 8,289 10,500 11,605 14,921 7,995 8,491 9,659 8,400 10,640 11,760 15,120 15,375 16,993 21,849 12,379 15,680 17,331 22,282

5,855 6,097 6,560 7,414 9,391 10,379 13,345 6,962 7,335 8,118 7,925 10,039 11,095 14,265 11,700 12,636 15,184 10,080 12,768 14,112 18,144 16,388 18,113 23,288 13,221 16,746 18,509 23,798

4,172 4,379 4,771 6,555 8,303 9,177 11,799 6,300 6,595 7,132 7,620 9,652 10,668 13,716 9,310 9,962 11,619 9,000 11,400 12,600 16,200 13,753 15,042 18,391 11,040 13,984 15,456 19,872 16,686 18,443 23,712 13,470 17,062 18,858 24,246

4,702 4,880 5,440 6,878 8,712 9,629 12,380 8,569 9,133 10,515 8,663 10,973 12,128 15,593

3,176 3,265 3,319 5,833 7,389 8,167 10,500 3,851 4,020 4,291 6,323 8,010 8,853 11,382 6,827 7,185 7,918 7,863 9,960 11,009 14,154 11,596 12,519 15,029 10,033 12,709 14,047 18,060

sed Drill Pipe Pressurenglish Units


O.D.Weight w/ Couplings

I.D.Wall

Thickness

Collapse PressureBased on MinimumValues

psi

~Internal Yield Pressureat Minimum Yield Strength

psi

CBased

in lb/ft in in E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135 E75

2.375 * 4.80 2.00 0.188 8,317 9,893 10,614 12,489 9,474 12,000 13,263 17,053 6,666 4.85 2.00 0.190 8,523 10,159 10,912 12,886 9,600 12,160 13,440 17,280 6,853

6.65 1.82 0.280 13,378 16,945 18,729 24,080 14,147 17,920 19,806 25,465 12,138

2.875 * 6.45 2.47 0.203 6,693 7,789 8,260 9,352 8,473 10,733 11,862 15,251 5,201 6.85 2.44 0.217 7,640 9,016 9,633 11,181 9,057 11,473 12,680 16,303 6,055

* 8.35 2.32 0.276 11,023 13,963 15,433 18,971 11,520 14,592 16,128 20,736 9,712 10.40 2.15 0.362 14,223 18,016 19,912 25,602 15,110 19,139 21,153 27,197 12,938

3.500 8.50 3.06 0.219 5,111 5,739 5,967 6,447 7,491 9,489 10,488 13,485 3,778 9.50 2.99 0.254 7,075 8,283 8,813 10,088 8,709 11,031 12,192 15,675 5,544

* 11.20 2.90 0.300 9,643 11,611 12,536 15,050 10,286 13,029 14,400 18,514 7,867 13.30 2.76 0.368 12,015 15,218 16,820 21,626 12,617 15,982 17,664 22,711 10,858 15.50 2.60 0.449 14,472 18,331 20,260 26,049 15,394 19,499 21,552 27,710 13,174

4.000 11.85 3.48 0.262 5,704 6,507 6,826 7,440 7,860 9,956 11,004 14,148 4,311 14.00 3.34 0.330 9,012 10,793 11,621 13,832 9,900 12,540 13,860 17,820 7,296

4.500 * 12.75 4.00 0.250 3,790 4,183 4,391 4,786 6,667 8,444 9,333 12,000 2,869 * 13.75 3.96 0.271 4,687 5,189 5,351 5,913 7,227 9,154 10,117 13,008 3,397

16.60 3.83 0.337 7,525 8,867 9,466 10,959 8,987 11,383 12,581 16,176 5,951 20.00 3.64 0.430 10,975 13,901 15,350 18,801 11,467 14,524 16,053 20,640 9,632

* Not API Standard.** Premium Class: t = (0.80) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40) Wall Thickness*** Class 2: t = (0.70) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60) Wall Thickness~ Premium Class: nominal Wall Thickenss = 80% (nominal wall)# Class 2: nominal Wall Thickenss = 70% (nominal wall)


hartsD


87 3,278 3,703 3,854 4,070 6,216 7,874 8,702 11,189 38 5,514 6,261 6,551 7,074 7,602 9,629 10,643 13,684

77 4,334 4,732 4,903 5,470 6,892 8,730 9,649 12,405 98 6,051 6,956 7,329 8,110 7,923 10,035 11,092 14,261

07 2,563 2,780 2,822 2,824 5,545 7,024 7,763 9,981 59 3,918 4,290 4,511 4,947 6,640 8,410 9,296 11,952 05 5,894 6,753 7,101 7,807 7,829 9,917 10,961 14,092

29 1,397 1,397 1,397 1,397 4,438 5,621 6,213 7,988 59 2,229 2,349 2,346 2,346 5,230 6,625 7,322 9,414 85 4,260 4,636 4,833 5,376 6,847 8,673 9,586 12,324

92 1,476 1,476 1,476 1,476 4,517 5,721 6,323 8,130

17 1,849 1,871 1,871 1,871 4,870 6,168 6,817 8,765

Used Drill Pipe Pressure


h Collapse Pressure

Based on Minimum Valuespsi


psi

35 E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

16

anchoranchor

5.000 16.25 4.41 0.296 4,490 4,934 5,066 5,666 7,104 8,998 9,946 12,719.50 4.28 0.362 7,041 8,240 8,765 10,024 8,688 11,005 12,163 15,6

5.500 21.90 4.78 0.361 5,730 6,541 6,865 7,491 7,876 9,977 11,027 14,124.70 4.67 0.415 7,636 9,010 9,626 11,172 9,055 11,469 12,676 16,2

5.563 19.00 4.98 0.294 3,306 3,740 3,896 4,125 6,337 8,027 8,872 11,422.20 4.86 0.352 5,267 5,941 6,193 6,643 7,588 9,612 10,624 13,6

25.25 4.73 0.415 7,462 8,784 9,374 10,836 8,947 11,333 12,526 16,1

6.625 22.20 6.07 0.280 1,998 2,048 2,048 2,048 5,072 6,424 7,100 9,125.20 5.97 0.330 2,933 3,258 3,357 3,429 5,977 7,571 8,368 10,7

31.90 5.76 0.432 5,648 6,434 6,744 7,331 7,825 9,912 10,955 14,0

7.625 29.25 6.97 0.328 2,091 2,165 2,165 2,165 5,162 6,538 7,227 9,2

8.625 40.00 7.83 0.400 2,507 2,708 2,741 2,740 5,565 7,049 7,791 10,0

English Units



I.D.Wall

Thickness

Collapse PressureBased on MinimumValues

psi

~Internal Yield Pressureat Minimum Yield Strengt

psi

in lb/ft in in E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S1

* Not API Standard.** Premium Class: t = (0.80) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40) Wall Thickness*** Class 2: t = (0.70) Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60) Wall Thickness~ Premium Class: nominal Wall Thickenss = 80% (nominal wall)# Class 2: nominal Wall Thickenss = 70% (nominal wall)


hartsD


17

UE


Collapse Pressured on Minimum Values

KPa


KPa

X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

74 119 45,963 53,462 56,684 64,119 57,154 72,395 41 117 47,247 55,125 58,543 66,598 57,916 73,360 77 78 83,690 106,007 117,166 150,642 85,350 108,110

55 134 35,859 40,370 42,037 45,227 51,117 64,748 07 125 41,747 47,999 50,571 55,972 54,642 69,214 70 97 66,961 80,669 87,120 104,687 69,499 88,032 18 72 89,203 112,990 124,884 160,565 91,155 115,463

3 152 26,048 28,766 30,194 32,894 45,195 57,247 78 130 38,228 43,439 45,471 49,173 52,538 66,548 52 109 54,242 64,188 68,683 80,113 62,053 78,600 86 88 74,861 94,824 103,713 126,803 76,118 96,416 52 71 90,828 115,049 127,159 163,491 92,872 117,638

1 7 144 29,720 32,416 33,650 37,510 47,419 60,064 65 113 50,301 59,082 62,970 72,498 59,726 75,653

1 7 171 19,783 21,894 22,509 22,881 40,219 50,945 7 158 23,419 26,554 27,720 29,589 43,598 55,224

30 126 41,032 47,073 49,536 54,592 54,216 68,673 08 97 66,408 79,953 86,319 103,619 69,177 87,625

1 5 160 22,599 25,531 26,576 28,060 42,858 54,287 23 130 38,021 43,171 45,170 48,773 52,414 66,391

1 0 144 29,884 32,627 33,803 37,715 47,517 60,189

sed Drill Pipe Pressurenglish Units



I.D.Wall

Thickness


KPa

~Internal Yield Pressureat Minimum Yield Strength

KPa

Base

mm Kg/m mm mm E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135 E75

60.33 * 7.14 50.80 4.76 106 57,344 68,208 73,180 86,106 65,319 82,737 91,446 117,57.22 50.67 4.83 104 58,763 70,046 75,236 88,847 66,190 83,840 92,666 119,19.90 46.10 7.11 70 92,237 116,834 129,132 166,027 97,543 123,554 136,560 175,5

73.03 * 9.60 62.71 5.16 119 46,149 53,703 56,953 64,478 58,420 73,998 81,787 105,110.19 62.00 5.51 111 52,677 62,161 66,415 77,090 62,449 79,101 87,428 112,4

* 12.42 59.00 7.01 86 76,002 96,270 106,403 130,804 79,428 100,608 111,199 142,915.48 54.64 9.19 65 98,066 124,216 137,292 176,518 104,177 131,957 145,847 187,5

88.90 12.65 77.80 5.55 135 35,242 39,570 41,142 44,451 51,652 65,425 72,312 92,9714.14 76.00 6.45 115 48,777 57,108 60,762 69,555 60,043 76,055 84,061 108,0

* 16.67 73.66 7.62 97 66,485 80,053 86,430 103,768 70,918 89,829 99,285 127,619.79 70.21 9.35 79 82,838 104,928 115,973 149,108 86,992 110,190 121,789 156,523.06 66.09 11.40 64 99,778 126,385 139,689 179,600 106,140 134,444 148,596 191,0

01.60 17.63 88.29 6.65 128 39,329 44,865 47,066 51,300 54,193 68,644 75,870 97,5420.83 84.84 8.38 101 62,137 74,418 80,127 95,366 68,258 86,460 95,561 122,8

14.30 * 18.97 101.60 6.35 152 26,134 28,838 30,274 33,001 45,965 58,222 64,351 82,73* 20.46 100.53 6.88 140 32,312 35,774 36,896 40,768 49,826 63,113 69,757 89,68

24.70 97.18 8.56 112 51,886 61,136 65,268 75,561 61,961 78,484 86,745 111,529.76 92.46 10.92 87 75,668 95,846 105,834 129,631 79,060 100,143 110,684 142,3

27.00 24.18 111.96 7.52 142 30,957 34,018 34,931 39,064 48,980 62,042 68,572 88,1629.02 108.61 9.19 116 48,548 56,810 60,429 69,111 59,902 75,875 83,862 107,8

39.70 32.59 121.36 9.17 128 39,510 45,101 47,330 51,651 54,306 68,787 76,028 97,75


hartsD

rill Pipe Yield Strength & Pressure,400 112,372 125 41,718 47,961 50,530 55,916 54,625 69,192

,170 78,647 181 17,670 19,165 19,456 19,468 38,231 48,426 ,247 94,175 150 27,012 29,577 31,101 34,105 45,780 57,988 ,366 111,042 126 40,636 46,559 48,961 53,826 53,979 68,373

,955 62,943 227 9,630 9,630 9,630 9,630 30,597 38,756 ,697 74,182 192 15,371 16,196 16,172 16,172 36,061 45,677 ,531 97,111 145 29,370 31,962 33,320 37,069 47,207 59,795

,827 64,063 223 10,179 10,179 10,179 10,179 31,142 39,446

,719 69,067 206 12,748 12,901 12,901 12,901 33,574 42,528

Used Drill Pipe Pressure


eth


KPa


KPa

135 E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S135

18

anchoranchoranchoranchoranchor

36.75 118.62 10.54 111 52,645 62,120 66,369 77,029 62,429 79,077 87

141.29 28.27 126.37 7.46 160 22,797 25,787 26,862 28,443 43,693 55,344 6133.03 123.42 8.93 133 36,315 40,961 42,698 45,801 52,320 66,271 7337.57 120.22 10.53 112 51,447 60,567 64,632 74,713 61,690 78,141 86

168.28 33.03 154.05 7.11 200 13,777 14,124 14,124 14,124 34,968 44,293 4837.50 151.51 8.38 170 20,225 22,465 23,147 23,642 41,212 52,202 5747.47 146.33 10.97 129 38,939 44,361 46,502 50,547 53,951 68,338 75

193.68 43.52 177.01 8.33 197 14,417 14,924 14,924 14,924 35,591 45,081 49

219.08 59.52 198.76 10.16 182 17,286 18,669 18,902 18,888 38,371 48,603 53* Not API Standard.** Premium Class: t = (0.80)Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.40)Wall Thickness*** Class 2: t = (0.70)Wall Thickness, D = OD - (0.60)Wall Thickness~ Premium Class: nominal Wall Thickenss = 80%(nominal wall)# Class 2: nominal Wall Thickenss = 70%(nominal wall)

English Units



I.D.Wall

Thickness


KPa

~Internal Yield Pressurat Minimum Yield Streng

KPa

mm Kg/m mm mm E75 X95 G105 S135 E75 X95 G105 S

NitrogenCalculations

Nitrogen

Calculations

The density of nitrogen at a given temperature and pressure is:

Once the constants and unit conversions are included, this equation can be written for English units as:

In metric units it can be written as:

These densities are the "volume factors" in the following tables. Note that both of these den-sities express the weight or mass as a "standard" volume. Standard conditions are defined as atmospheric pressure (14.7 psia or 1 atm) and 60 ºF or 15 ºC. SCF stands for standard cubic feet and scm or sm3 stands for standard cubic meters.

The Pressure vs. Depth for a Well Filled with Nitrogen graphs were based upon a surface temperature of 70ºF (21ºC) and a gradient of 1.6ºF per 100 ft. (2.92ºC per 100 meters). Variations in the well temperature from these values make relatively small changes in the pressures.

The following examples show how the graphs in this section can be used to solve nitrogen problems.

Example 1 E

How much nitrogen is required to fill a 12,500 ft. reel of 2" OD X 0.156" wall CT to 3,500 psia at an average temperature of 75 ºF?

1. From the Coiled Tubing Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Vol-umes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this size 2.768 bbls/1,000 ft.

2. Multiply this value by 12.5 thousand feet to obtain a total volume of 34.6 bbls3. Using the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 1,200

SCF/bbl4. Multiply the volume of the reel by the volume factor to obtain 41,520 SCF. This is the

amount of nitrogen needed.

ρ = MPZRT

ρ( / ) . ( )( )

scf bbl P psiaZ F

=+°

198 6460

ρ( / ) . ( )( )

sm m P kPaZ C

3 3 2 8416273

=+°

1


Example 1 M

How much nitrogen is required to fill a 3,810 m reel of 50.8mm OD X 3.962mm wall CT to 24,100 kPa at an average temperature of 24 ºC?

1. From the Coiled Tubing Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Vol-umes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this size 1.4438 liters/m which is the same as 1.4438 m3/1,000m.

2. Multiply this value by 3.81 thousand meters to obtain a total volume of 5.5m33. Using the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 221

scm/m3.4. Multiply the volume of the reel by the volume factor to obtain 1,215 scm. This is the

amount of nitrogen needed.

Example 2 E

The same reel of CT as Example 1 E is being used to place nitrogen in a well. The CT will be run to 7,500 ft. Nitrogen will be pumped until the pressure at the end of the CT reaches 3,500 psia, filling both the well tubular, which is 3.5" 12.95 lb/ft. EU tubing and the CT.

1. From the Tubing Sizes, Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Vol-umes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this size tubing as 7.35 bbls/1,000 ft.

2. Multiply this value by the depth of 7.5 thousand feet to obtain a well volume of 55.125 bbls.

3. From the Coiled Tubing Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Vol-umes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this coiled tubing size as 2.768 bbls/1,000 ft. and the external displacement as 3.886 bbls/1,000 ft.

4. Multiply these values by 7.5 thousand feet to obtain a internal volume of 20.76 bbls and the external displacement as 29.145 bbls.

5. The total volume in the well to be filled with nitrogen is 55.125 - 29.145 + 20.76 = 46.74 bbls.

6. From the Pressure vs. Depth for a Well Filled with Nitrogen graph, find the point where the pressure is 3,500 psia at 7,500 ft. of depth. Follow the curves upward to read an approximate surface pressure of 2,750 psia.

7. The average pressure is (3,500 + 2,750)/2 = 3,125 psia.8. The estimated bottom hole temperature is 70ºF + 1.6 * 75 hundred feet = 190ºF. The

average temperature is (190 + 70)/2 = 130ºF.9. The Volume Factor for this average temperature and pressure is approximately 950

scf/bbl.10. Multiplying this volume factor by the well volume from step 5 yields a nitrogen

requirement of 44,400 scf.11. For the remaining 5,000 ft. of CT on the reel assume the pressure will be the same

as the wellhead pressure which is 2,750 psia, and the temperature is 75ºF. Using the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 990 scf/bbl. The volume of this section of the coiled tubing is 2.768 * 5 thousand feet = 13.84 bbls.

12. Multiply the volume of this section by the volume factor to obtain 13,700 scf.13. The total nitrogen required is 13,700 + 44,400 = 58,100 scf

2


Example 2 M

The same reel of CT as Example 1 M is being used to place nitrogen in a well. The CT will be run to 2,285 m. Nitrogen will be pumped until the pressure at the end of the CT reaches 24,100 kPa, filling both the well tubular, which is 88.9mm 19.27 kg/m EU tubing and the CT.

1. From the Tubing Sizes, Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Vol-umes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this size tubing as 3.832 liters/m which is the same as 3.832 m3 per 1,000 meters.

2. Multiply this value by the depth of 2.285 thousand meters to obtain a well volume of 8.756 m3.

3. From the Coiled Tubing Volumes and Displacements table in the Pipe Sizes, Vol-umes and Displacements section of this handbook, read the internal volume for this coiled tubing size as 1.4438 liters/m and the external displacement as 2.0268 liters/m.

4. Multiply these values by 2.285 thousand meters to obtain a internal volume of 3.3 m3 and the external displacement as 4.631 m3.

5. The total volume in the well to be filled with nitrogen is 8.756 - 4.631 + 3.3 = 7.425 m3.

6. From the Pressure vs. Depth for a Well Filled with Nitrogen graph, find the point where the pressure is 24,100 kPa at 2,285 m of depth. Follow the curves upward to read an approximate surface pressure of approximately 19,000 kPa.

7. The average pressure is (24,100 + 19,000)/2 = 21,550 kPa.8. The estimated bottom hole temperature is 21ºC + 2.92 * 2.2.85 hundred meters =

88ºC. The average temperature is (88 + 21)/2 = 55ºC.9. The Volume Factor for this average temperature and pressure is approximately 170

sm3/m3.10. Multiplying this volume factor by the well volume from step 5 yields a nitrogen

requirement of 1,262 sm3.11. For the remaining 1,525 m of CT on the reel assume the pressure will be the same

as the wellhead pressure which is 1,900 kPa, and the temperature is 24ºC. Using the Volume Factor - Medium Pressure graph, read the volume factor as 175 sm3/m3. The volume of this section of the coiled tubing is 1.4438 * 1.525 thousand meters = 2.2 sm3/m3.

12. Multiply the volume of this section by the volume factor to obtain 385 sm3.13. The total nitrogen required is 385 + 1,262 = 1,647 sm3

Nomenclature

For properties and uses of Nitrogen, please see the General Section of this handbook

M = molecular weight of Nitrogen = 28.0134P = absolute pressure (psi for English units, kPa for metric units)R = gas constant (1545 ft. /lb/lb mole °R - for English units, 0.08206 atm-liters/gm mole °K)T = absolute temperature (°F + 460 for English units, °C + 273 for metric units)Z = compressibility factor from the following Nitrogen Compressibility Factor curvesρ = density in weight or standard volume per unit volume

3

NitrogenNitrogen Compressibility Factor

Nitrogen Compressibility Factor

English

Metric

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000Pressure (psia)

Co

mp

ress

ibili

ty F

acto

r fo

r N

itro

gen

0°F

400°F

600°F

800°F

200°F

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Pressure (kPa)

Co

mp

ress

ibili

ty F

acto

r fo

r N

itro

gen

0°C

200°C

300°C

400°C

100°C

4

NitrogenVolume Factor - Low Pressure

Volume Factor - Low Pressure

English

Metric

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000Pressure (psia)

SC

F o

f N

itro

gen

per

Bar

rel o

f V

olu

me

0°F

100°F

150°F

200°F

50°F

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000Pressure (kPa)

SC

M o

f N

itro

gen

per

Cu

bic

Met

er o

f V

olu

me

0°C

80°C

120°C

160°C

40°C

5

NitrogenVolume Factor - Medium Pressure

Volume Factor - Medium Pressure

English

Metric

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000Pressure (psia)

SC

F o

f N

itro

gen

per

Bar

rel o

f V

olu

me

0°F

100°F

150°F

200°F

50°F

50

100

150

200

250

300

10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000 28,000 30,000

Pressure (kPa)

SC

M o

f N

itro

gen

per

Cu

bic

Met

er o

f V

olu

me

0°C

80°C

120°C

160°C

40°C

6

NitrogenVolume Factor - High Pressure

Volume Factor - High Pressure

English

Metric

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2,000

2,200

2,400

2,600

2,800

3,000

5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000

Pressure (psia)

SC

F o

f N

itro

gen

per

Bar

rel

of

Vo

lum

e

0°F

100°F

150°F

200°F

50°F

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Pressure (kPa)

SC

M o

f N

itro

gen

per

Cu

bic

Met

er o

f V

olu

me

0°C

80°C

120°C

160°C

40°C

7

NitrogenVolume Factor High Temperature

Volume Factor High Temperature

English

Metric

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000Pressure (psia)

SC

F o

f N

itro

gen

per

Bar

rel o

f V

olu

me

400°F

600°F

800°F

200°F

Volume Factor - High TemperatureMetric

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Pressure (kPa)

SC

M o

f N

itro

gen

per

Cu

bic

Met

er o

f V

olu

me 250°C

350°C

150°C

8

NitrogenPressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen

Pressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen

English

Metric

-20,000

-18,000

-16,000

-14,000

-12,000

-10,000

-8,000

-6,000

-4,000

-2,000

00 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000

Pressure (psia)

Tru

e V

erti

cal

Dep

th (

ft)

-6,000

-5,000

-4,000

-3,000

-2,000

-1,000

00 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Pressure (kPa)

Tru

e V

erti

cal

Dep

th (

m)

9

NitrogenPressure vs. Depth for Well Full of Nitrogen

10

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsCoiled Tubing Stress Limits

Coiled Tubing Stress LimitsThree factors cause stresses in the CT:

• Internal pressure (PI)

• External pressure (Po)

• Axial force (Fa)

There are other internal residual stresses in the CT from the manufacturing and plastic bending. Currently these residual stresses are ignored when determining the CT limits, though research is ongoing to include these residual stresses in the limits calculations. Torque is also an external force which is being ignored for these stress limits.

The three principle stresses due to these factors are:

• Axial Stress - The axial stress is caused by the axial force (tension or compression) applied to the CT. If the compressive force exceeds the helical buckling load, the CT forms a helix in the hole. The helix causes an additional axial bending stress in the CT.

• Radial Stress - The radial stress at a given location in the CT wall is the stress through the CT wall due to inner and outer pressures. The radial stress is the least of the three stresses and is often ignored in stress calculations.

• Tangential or Hoop stress - The hoop stress at a given location in the CT wall is the stress around the circumference of the CT due to inner and outer pressures.

These three stresses are combined using the Von Mises Yield Criterion to determine what pressure and axial force combinations will cause the CT to yield. Thus the limits are set based upon “incipient yield” in the same manner used for other oil country tubular goods.

To simplify the limits curve, two of the three forces are combined by calculating the pressure difference DP = PI - Po. Though this simplification makes it easier to plot the limit curve, it is important to consider the implications of this simplification as will be discussed later for each point of the curve.

The following figure shows an example curve based on the Von Mises yield criterion.

• For the right half of the curve, Fa>0, the CT is in tension.

• For the left half of the curve, Fa<0, the CT is in compression.

• For the top half of the curve, DP>0, so PI > Po. making this the burst portion of the curve.

• For the bottom half of the curve, DP<0, so PI > Po, making this the collapse portion of the curve.

When the CT is in compression, it is assumed that the CT is buckled into a helical shape. The additional axial bending stress causes the limits to be reduced. Exceeding these reduced limits will “corkscrew” the CT.

The axial force, Fa, discussed here is different from the “weight” as measured by the weight indicator. The weight can be converted to the axial force as follows:

F Weight P Aa i i= +

1


This handbook provides values for points Py, Fy and C through G from this limit curve. Each or these point is discussed in detail below.

Point Py. The pressure for point Py is given in the “Coiled Tubing Performance” tables under the “Yield Pressure” column. The equation for this value is given in the description for that table. This calculation assumes that Po = 0. Calculations with larger values of Po yield similar results.

Point Fy. The axial force for point Fy is given in the “Coiled Tubing Performance” tables under the “Yield Load” column. The equation for this value is given in the description for that table. This calculation assumes that PI = Po = 0. Note that DP is 0 whenever PI = Po. Let's assume both pressures have the value P. As P increases, the axial force required to yield the CT decreases. Thus, the value from the table is not conservative. For an accurate value at high pressures modify Fy as follows:

Points C and D. These points, given in the “Coiled Tubing Performance” tables in the “Collapse Pressures” columns, were not calculated using the Von Mises incipient yield crite-rion. Instead they are calculated using the collapse equations given in the reference for that table. The points shown in the above figure are for the 0% ovality case with 0 and Fy/2 loads. Note that they do agree well with the Von Mises criterion which was used to generate the curve. Since all used CT has some ovality, the 2% or 4% ovality numbers should be used in actual practice.

1.50" X 0.134" 90ksi in 4" ID Hole

-20000

-15000

-10000

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

-40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 60000

Axial Force (lb)

DP

= P

i - P

o (

psi

)

Py

D

E

F

G

F F PAy p y− = −

2


Point E. The Po value, assuming PI = 0 is found by multiplying the appropriate value from the following table by the yield strength of the CT. For English units, multiply the value from the table by the yield strength in psi to obtain the value of Po in psi. For Metric units multiply the value in the table by the yield strength in MPa to obtain the value of Po in MPa. As the value of PI increases, the amount of negative differential pressure the CT can withstand decreases. Thus, values from this table are not conservative. As the internal pressure increases the collapse differential pressure decreases. Also, these values do not account for ovality.

Point F. The axial compressive force value which will cause the CT to yield into a “cork-screw” when PI = Po = 0 can be found by multiplying the value in the attached table by the yield strength. For English units, multiply the value from the table by the yield strength in psi to obtain the compressive force in pounds. For Metric units, multiply the value from the table by the yield strength in MPa to obtain the compressive force in MN. Increasing the PI and Po pressure values to a higher pressure, P, has a minimal impact upon this compressive force.

Point G. The PI value, assuming Po = 0 is found by multiplying the appropriate value from the following table by the yield strength of the CT. For English units, multiply the value from the table by the yield strength in psi to obtain the value of PI in psi. For Metric units multiply the value in the table by the yield strength in MPa to obtain the value of PI in MPa. Increas-ing the Po value has a minimal impact upon the burst differential pressure the pipe can with-stand.

Safety Factors. There are several factors which are not taken into consideration in the calculation of these stress limits:

• Diametrical changes occur during the life of the CT, usually resulting in increases in the CT diameter.

• The effective yield stress of the CT decreases during the life of the CT due to plastic fatigue.

• Wall thinning tends to occur during the life of the CT due to corrosion, elongation and diametrical growth.

As mentioned previously, residual stresses from the plastic bending of the CT are ignored in these limits calculations.

No safety factors have been included in any of the yield stress limits in this handbook. Typi-cally the industry uses 80% of the yield stress limit for the working limit. The results in a fac-tor of safety of 1.25. Each company must decide what safety factor they will use.

EquationsThe equations in this section were developed by K. Newman at CTES, L.C. The following values are defined as:

The equation for the external pressure, assuming the internal pressure is 0, for point E is:

β =r

to

min

γ =r rIc o

2 min

PA A

oy

o o

=+ +

σ

β γ βγ2 2 2

3


The equation for the compressive axial load at point F is:

The equation for the internal pressure, assuming the external pressure is 0, for point G is:

Nomenclature

A = cross sectional area of the CT wall = Ao - AIAI = internal cross sectional area of CT = πri2

Ao = external cross sectional area of CT = πro2

Fy = axial yield load of the CT with no pressureFy-p = axial yield load corrected for pressureFy-c = axial yield load in compression with no pressure

I = moment of inertia = π(ro4 - ri4)/4Imin = moment of inertia based on the minimum wall thicknessPI = internal pressurePo = external pressurePy = internal pressure required to yield the CTrc = radial clearance between wellbore and the CTrI = internal radius of the CTro = nominal external radius of the CTt = nominal wall thickness of the CT = ro-rI

tmin = minimum wall thickness of the CTσy = yield stress of the CT

Fy cy

A− =

+σ

γ1

PA A

iy

i i

=+ +

σ

β γ βγ2 2 2

4


External Pressure MultiplierPoint E - English Units

Wall Thickness Hole ID

OD Nom. Min. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

in in in in in in in

in in in * * * * * * *

1.000 0.087 0.082 0.1145 0.0828 0.0637 0.0515 0.0431 0.0370 0.03241.000 0.095 0.090 0.1245 0.0895 0.0687 0.0555 0.0464 0.0398 0.03481.000 0.102 0.097 0.1332 0.0953 0.0730 0.0588 0.0491 0.0421 0.03681.000 0.109 0.104 0.1416 0.1009 0.0770 0.0620 0.0517 0.0443 0.0387

1.250 0.075 0.070 0.0920 0.0706 0.0560 0.0460 0.0388 0.0335 0.02951.250 0.080 0.075 0.0983 0.0752 0.0596 0.0489 0.0412 0.0356 0.03131.250 0.087 0.082 0.1071 0.0816 0.0645 0.0528 0.0445 0.0384 0.03371.250 0.095 0.090 0.1171 0.0888 0.0699 0.0572 0.0481 0.0415 0.03641.250 0.102 0.097 0.1257 0.0950 0.0746 0.0609 0.0512 0.0441 0.03871.250 0.109 0.104 0.1343 0.1010 0.0791 0.0645 0.0542 0.0466 0.04091.250 0.118 0.113 0.1452 0.1086 0.0848 0.0690 0.0579 0.0498 0.04361.250 0.125 0.120 0.1536 0.1144 0.0891 0.0724 0.0607 0.0521 0.04571.250 0.134 0.129 0.1643 0.1217 0.0945 0.0766 0.0641 0.0551 0.04821.250 0.156 0.151 0.1898 0.1387 0.1069 0.0862 0.0720 0.0617 0.05391.250 0.175 0.170 0.2111 0.1525 0.1167 0.0937 0.0781 0.0668 0.0583

1.500 0.095 0.090 0.1078 0.0857 0.0693 0.0575 0.0489 0.0423 0.03731.500 0.102 0.097 0.1160 0.0920 0.0742 0.0614 0.0521 0.0452 0.03981.500 0.109 0.104 0.1241 0.0981 0.0789 0.0653 0.0554 0.0479 0.04221.500 0.118 0.113 0.1346 0.1059 0.0850 0.0701 0.0594 0.0513 0.04521.500 0.125 0.120 0.1427 0.1119 0.0896 0.0738 0.0624 0.0539 0.04741.500 0.134 0.129 0.1530 0.1195 0.0954 0.0784 0.0663 0.0572 0.05021.500 0.156 0.151 0.1781 0.1376 0.1090 0.0892 0.0751 0.0647 0.05671.500 0.175 0.170 0.1995 0.1527 0.1201 0.0979 0.0822 0.0707 0.0619

1.750 0.109 0.104 0.1137 0.0937 0.0773 0.0650 0.0556 0.0484 0.04281.750 0.118 0.113 0.1234 0.1014 0.0835 0.0700 0.0598 0.0521 0.04601.750 0.125 0.120 0.1310 0.1073 0.0882 0.0738 0.0631 0.0548 0.04841.750 0.134 0.129 0.1407 0.1149 0.0942 0.0787 0.0671 0.0583 0.05141.750 0.156 0.151 0.1644 0.1332 0.1084 0.0902 0.0767 0.0664 0.05851.750 0.175 0.170 0.1848 0.1486 0.1203 0.0996 0.0845 0.0730 0.06421.750 0.188 0.183 0.1987 0.1589 0.1281 0.1058 0.0896 0.0774 0.0679

2.000 0.109 0.104 0.0886 0.0749 0.0639 0.0553 0.0485 0.04302.000 0.118 0.113 0.0960 0.0810 0.0690 0.0596 0.0522 0.04632.000 0.125 0.120 0.1018 0.0857 0.0729 0.0629 0.0551 0.04892.000 0.134 0.129 0.1092 0.0917 0.0779 0.0671 0.0587 0.05202.000 0.156 0.151 0.1270 0.1061 0.0897 0.0771 0.0673 0.05952.000 0.175 0.170 0.1422 0.1183 0.0996 0.0853 0.0743 0.06562.000 0.188 0.183 0.1526 0.1264 0.1062 0.0908 0.0789 0.0697

* Multiply by the yield stress to obtain the external pressure (in the same units as the yield stress)

5


2.375 0.109 0.104 0.0809 0.0705 0.0615 0.0540 0.0479 0.04282.000 0.118 0.113 0.0960 0.0810 0.0690 0.0596 0.0522 0.04632.375 0.125 0.120 0.0932 0.0810 0.0704 0.0617 0.0546 0.04882.375 0.134 0.129 0.1000 0.0868 0.0754 0.0660 0.0584 0.05212.375 0.156 0.151 0.1168 0.1009 0.0874 0.0763 0.0673 0.06002.375 0.175 0.170 0.1312 0.1130 0.0975 0.0848 0.0747 0.06652.375 0.188 0.183 0.1410 0.1211 0.1042 0.0906 0.0797 0.0708

2.625 0.125 0.120 0.0876 0.0775 0.0684 0.0605 0.0539 0.04852.625 0.134 0.129 0.0942 0.0832 0.0733 0.0648 0.0577 0.05182.625 0.156 0.151 0.1101 0.0969 0.0851 0.0750 0.0667 0.05982.625 0.175 0.170 0.1238 0.1087 0.0951 0.0837 0.0743 0.06652.625 0.188 0.183 0.1332 0.1167 0.1019 0.0895 0.0793 0.07092.625 0.203 0.198 0.1440 0.1258 0.1097 0.0962 0.0851 0.0760

2.875 0.125 0.120 0.0824 0.0740 0.0661 0.0591 0.0531 0.04792.875 0.134 0.129 0.0886 0.0795 0.0709 0.0633 0.0568 0.05132.875 0.156 0.151 0.1037 0.0928 0.0825 0.0735 0.0658 0.05932.875 0.175 0.170 0.1167 0.1042 0.0924 0.0821 0.0734 0.06612.875 0.188 0.183 0.1256 0.1119 0.0991 0.0880 0.0786 0.07062.875 0.203 0.198 0.1359 0.1208 0.1068 0.0946 0.0844 0.0758

3.500 0.134 0.129 0.0707 0.0647 0.0590 0.0539 0.04933.500 0.156 0.151 0.0827 0.0756 0.0688 0.0627 0.05733.500 0.175 0.170 0.0931 0.0849 0.0772 0.0702 0.06413.500 0.188 0.183 0.1001 0.0912 0.0828 0.0753 0.06873.500 0.203 0.198 0.1083 0.0985 0.0894 0.0811 0.0739

4.500 0.204 0.199 0.0799 0.0743 0.06904.500 0.224 0.219 0.0878 0.0815 0.07574.500 0.250 0.245 0.0980 0.0909 0.0843

External Pressure Multiplier (CONT)Point E - English Units


OD Nom. Min. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


in in in * * * * * * *


6


External Pressure MultiplierPoint E - Metric Units

Wall Thickness

Hole ID

OD Nom. Min. 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

mm mm mm * * * * * * *

25.400 2.210 2.083 0.1158 0.0839 0.0647 0.0523 0.0438 0.0376 0.032925.400 2.413 2.286 0.1260 0.0908 0.0698 0.0563 0.0471 0.0404 0.035425.400 2.591 2.464 0.1347 0.0966 0.0741 0.0597 0.0499 0.0428 0.037425.400 2.769 2.642 0.1433 0.1023 0.0782 0.0629 0.0525 0.0450 0.0393

31.750 1.905 1.778 0.0928 0.0714 0.0568 0.0466 0.0394 0.0341 0.029931.750 2.032 1.905 0.0992 0.0761 0.0604 0.0496 0.0419 0.0361 0.031831.750 2.210 2.083 0.1081 0.0826 0.0654 0.0536 0.0452 0.0390 0.034231.750 2.413 2.286 0.1182 0.0899 0.0709 0.0580 0.0489 0.0421 0.037031.750 2.591 2.464 0.1269 0.0962 0.0756 0.0618 0.0520 0.0448 0.039331.750 2.769 2.642 0.1356 0.1023 0.0803 0.0655 0.0550 0.0474 0.041531.750 2.997 2.870 0.1466 0.1100 0.0861 0.0700 0.0588 0.0506 0.044331.750 3.175 3.048 0.1551 0.1159 0.0904 0.0735 0.0616 0.0530 0.046431.750 3.404 3.277 0.1659 0.1233 0.0959 0.0777 0.0651 0.0559 0.049031.750 3.962 3.835 0.1918 0.1406 0.1085 0.0875 0.0731 0.0626 0.054831.750 4.445 4.318 0.2134 0.1547 0.1185 0.0952 0.0793 0.0679 0.0592

38.100 2.413 2.286 0.1085 0.0867 0.0702 0.0583 0.0496 0.0430 0.037938.100 2.591 2.464 0.1168 0.0930 0.0751 0.0623 0.0529 0.0458 0.040438.100 2.769 2.642 0.1250 0.0992 0.0800 0.0662 0.0562 0.0486 0.042838.100 2.997 2.870 0.1356 0.1071 0.0861 0.0711 0.0603 0.0521 0.045938.100 3.175 3.048 0.1438 0.1132 0.0908 0.0749 0.0634 0.0548 0.048238.100 3.404 3.277 0.1542 0.1209 0.0967 0.0796 0.0673 0.0581 0.051038.100 3.962 3.835 0.1796 0.1393 0.1105 0.0905 0.0763 0.0657 0.057638.100 4.445 4.318 0.2012 0.1546 0.1218 0.0994 0.0835 0.0718 0.0629

44.450 2.769 2.642 0.1144 0.0945 0.0782 0.0658 0.0564 0.0492 0.043544.450 2.997 2.870 0.1242 0.1023 0.0845 0.0709 0.0607 0.0528 0.046744.450 3.175 3.048 0.1318 0.1084 0.0893 0.0748 0.0640 0.0556 0.049144.450 3.404 3.277 0.1416 0.1160 0.0953 0.0798 0.0681 0.0592 0.052244.450 3.962 3.835 0.1655 0.1345 0.1098 0.0914 0.0778 0.0674 0.059444.450 4.445 4.318 0.1860 0.1501 0.1218 0.1010 0.0857 0.0742 0.065244.450 4.775 4.648 0.2000 0.1606 0.1298 0.1074 0.0909 0.0785 0.0690

50.800 2.769 2.642 0.0893 0.0757 0.0647 0.0560 0.0492 0.043750.800 2.997 2.870 0.0968 0.0819 0.0699 0.0604 0.0530 0.047050.800 3.175 3.048 0.1026 0.0867 0.0738 0.0638 0.0559 0.049650.800 3.404 3.277 0.1101 0.0927 0.0789 0.0680 0.0595 0.052850.800 3.962 3.835 0.1281 0.1073 0.0909 0.0781 0.0682 0.060450.800 4.445 4.318 0.1435 0.1196 0.1009 0.0865 0.0754 0.066650.800 4.775 4.648 0.1539 0.1279 0.1076 0.0921 0.0801 0.0707


7


60.325 2.769 2.642 0.0814 0.0711 0.0621 0.0547 0.0485 0.043450.800 2.997 2.870 0.0968 0.0819 0.0699 0.0604 0.0530 0.047060.325 3.175 3.048 0.0938 0.0817 0.0712 0.0625 0.0553 0.049560.325 3.404 3.277 0.1007 0.0876 0.0762 0.0668 0.0591 0.052860.325 3.962 3.835 0.1176 0.1019 0.0883 0.0772 0.0682 0.060860.325 4.445 4.318 0.1321 0.1141 0.0986 0.0859 0.0757 0.067460.325 4.775 4.648 0.1420 0.1223 0.1055 0.0918 0.0808 0.0718

66.675 3.175 3.048 0.0976 0.0881 0.0781 0.0690 0.0612 0.0546 0.049166.675 3.404 3.277 0.1050 0.0947 0.0838 0.0740 0.0655 0.0584 0.052566.675 3.962 3.835 0.1231 0.1107 0.0977 0.0860 0.0759 0.0675 0.060666.675 4.445 4.318 0.1388 0.1245 0.1096 0.0961 0.0847 0.0752 0.067466.675 4.775 4.648 0.1495 0.1340 0.1177 0.1030 0.0906 0.0804 0.071966.675 5.156 5.029 0.1620 0.1449 0.1269 0.1109 0.0973 0.0862 0.0770

73.025 3.175 3.048 0.0828 0.0746 0.0667 0.0597 0.0537 0.048573.025 3.404 3.277 0.0890 0.0801 0.0715 0.0640 0.0575 0.051973.025 3.962 3.835 0.1042 0.0935 0.0833 0.0743 0.0666 0.060173.025 4.445 4.318 0.1173 0.1050 0.0933 0.0831 0.0743 0.066973.025 4.775 4.648 0.1263 0.1128 0.1001 0.0890 0.0795 0.071673.025 5.156 5.029 0.1366 0.1218 0.1079 0.0957 0.0854 0.0768

88.900 3.404 3.277 0.0711 0.0652 0.0596 0.0544 0.049988.900 3.962 3.835 0.0832 0.0761 0.0694 0.0633 0.057988.900 4.445 4.318 0.0936 0.0855 0.0779 0.0709 0.064888.900 4.775 4.648 0.1007 0.0919 0.0836 0.0761 0.069488.900 5.156 5.029 0.1089 0.0993 0.0902 0.0820 0.0747

114.300 5.182 5.055 0.0804 0.0749 0.0697114.300 5.690 5.563 0.0884 0.0822 0.0764114.300 6.350 6.223 0.0987 0.0917 0.0851

External Pressure Multiplier (CONT)Point E - Metric Units

Wall Thickness

Hole ID

OD Nom. Min. 50 75 100 125 150 175 200


mm mm mm * * * * * * *


8


Compressive Load MultiplierPoint F - English Units


OD Nom. Min. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


in in in in2 in2 in2 in2 in2 in2 in2

1.000 0.087 0.082 0.1086 0.0705 0.0522 0.0414 0.0343 0.0293 0.02561.000 0.095 0.090 0.1172 0.0759 0.0561 0.0445 0.0369 0.0315 0.02751.000 0.102 0.097 0.1244 0.0803 0.0593 0.0470 0.0390 0.0333 0.02901.000 0.109 0.104 0.1313 0.0847 0.0625 0.0495 0.0410 0.0350 0.0305

1.250 0.075 0.070 0.1553 0.1011 0.0750 0.0596 0.0494 0.0422 0.03691.250 0.080 0.075 0.1652 0.1074 0.0796 0.0632 0.0524 0.0448 0.03911.250 0.087 0.082 0.1787 0.1159 0.0858 0.0681 0.0564 0.0482 0.04211.250 0.095 0.090 0.1938 0.1254 0.0927 0.0735 0.0609 0.0520 0.04531.250 0.102 0.097 0.2067 0.1334 0.0985 0.0781 0.0646 0.0552 0.04811.250 0.109 0.104 0.2192 0.1412 0.1041 0.0825 0.0683 0.0582 0.05081.250 0.118 0.113 0.2349 0.1509 0.1111 0.0879 0.0728 0.0620 0.05411.250 0.125 0.120 0.2468 0.1581 0.1163 0.0920 0.0761 0.0649 0.05651.250 0.134 0.129 0.2617 0.1671 0.1228 0.0970 0.0802 0.0684 0.05961.250 0.156 0.151 0.2959 0.1877 0.1374 0.1084 0.0895 0.0762 0.06641.250 0.175 0.170 0.3233 0.2038 0.1488 0.1172 0.0967 0.0822 0.0716

1.500 0.095 0.090 0.2898 0.1874 0.1385 0.1098 0.0910 0.0777 0.06781.500 0.102 0.097 0.3100 0.2000 0.1476 0.1170 0.0969 0.0827 0.07211.500 0.109 0.104 0.3299 0.2123 0.1565 0.1240 0.1026 0.0875 0.07631.500 0.118 0.113 0.3549 0.2278 0.1677 0.1327 0.1098 0.0936 0.08161.500 0.125 0.120 0.3740 0.2395 0.1761 0.1392 0.1152 0.0982 0.08551.500 0.134 0.129 0.3981 0.2541 0.1866 0.1474 0.1219 0.1038 0.09051.500 0.156 0.151 0.4548 0.2881 0.2108 0.1663 0.1372 0.1168 0.10171.500 0.175 0.170 0.5012 0.3155 0.2302 0.1812 0.1494 0.1271 0.1106

1.750 0.109 0.104 0.4633 0.2981 0.2197 0.1740 0.1440 0.1229 0.10711.750 0.118 0.113 0.4999 0.3206 0.2360 0.1867 0.1545 0.1317 0.11481.750 0.125 0.120 0.5280 0.3378 0.2484 0.1964 0.1624 0.1384 0.12061.750 0.134 0.129 0.5637 0.3595 0.2639 0.2085 0.1723 0.1468 0.12791.750 0.156 0.151 0.6485 0.4105 0.3002 0.2367 0.1953 0.1663 0.14481.750 0.175 0.170 0.7192 0.4522 0.3297 0.2595 0.2139 0.1819 0.15831.750 0.188 0.183 0.7662 0.4795 0.3489 0.2742 0.2259 0.1920 0.1670

2.000 0.109 0.104 0.3985 0.2937 0.2325 0.1925 0.1642 0.14312.000 0.118 0.113 0.4295 0.3161 0.2500 0.2068 0.1764 0.15372.000 0.125 0.120 0.4533 0.3332 0.2634 0.2178 0.1856 0.16182.000 0.134 0.129 0.4834 0.3548 0.2802 0.2316 0.1973 0.17192.000 0.156 0.151 0.5548 0.4057 0.3197 0.2638 0.2246 0.19552.000 0.175 0.170 0.6139 0.4475 0.3520 0.2902 0.2468 0.21472.000 0.188 0.183 0.6530 0.4750 0.3732 0.3073 0.2613 0.2272

* Multiply by the yield stress in pounds per square inch (psi) to obtain the compressive force in pounds.

9


2.375 0.109 0.104 0.5764 0.4248 0.3363 0.2783 0.2374 0.20702.375 0.118 0.113 0.6228 0.4582 0.3625 0.2998 0.2556 0.22282.375 0.125 0.120 0.6584 0.4839 0.3825 0.3162 0.2695 0.23492.375 0.134 0.129 0.7038 0.5164 0.4078 0.3370 0.2871 0.25012.375 0.156 0.151 0.8124 0.5938 0.4679 0.3861 0.3286 0.28602.375 0.175 0.170 0.9034 0.6582 0.5177 0.4266 0.3628 0.31562.375 0.188 0.183 0.9643 0.7010 0.5507 0.4534 0.3854 0.3351

2.625 0.125 0.120 0.8166 0.6000 0.4743 0.3921 0.3342 0.29122.625 0.134 0.129 0.8738 0.6411 0.5063 0.4183 0.3564 0.31042.625 0.156 0.151 1.0115 0.7393 0.5825 0.4806 0.4090 0.35602.625 0.175 0.170 1.1278 0.8215 0.6461 0.5324 0.4527 0.39382.625 0.188 0.183 1.2060 0.8764 0.6883 0.5667 0.4816 0.41872.625 0.203 0.198 1.2947 0.9384 0.7359 0.6053 0.5141 0.4467

2.875 0.125 0.120 0.9917 0.7287 0.5759 0.4761 0.4058 0.35362.875 0.134 0.129 1.0623 0.7793 0.6154 0.5084 0.4331 0.37732.875 0.156 0.151 1.2327 0.9008 0.7097 0.5855 0.4983 0.43372.875 0.175 0.170 1.3773 1.0030 0.7887 0.6499 0.5526 0.48062.875 0.188 0.183 1.4749 1.0716 0.8415 0.6928 0.5887 0.51182.875 0.203 0.198 1.5861 1.1493 0.9011 0.7411 0.6294 0.5469

3.500 0.134 0.129 1.1841 0.9349 0.7723 0.6579 0.57313.500 0.156 0.151 1.3746 1.0829 0.8932 0.7601 0.66163.500 0.175 0.170 1.5366 1.2080 0.9952 0.8461 0.73593.500 0.188 0.183 1.6460 1.2922 1.0637 0.9038 0.78573.500 0.203 0.198 1.7708 1.3880 1.1413 0.9691 0.8420

4.500 0.204 0.199 1.9712 1.6734 1.45384.500 0.224 0.219 2.1541 1.8269 1.58604.500 0.250 0.245 2.3878 2.0225 1.7541

Compressive Load Multiplier (CONT)Point F - English Units


OD Nom. Min. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


in in in in2 in2 in2 in2 in2 in2 in2

* Multiply by the yield stress in pounds per square inch (psi) to obtain the compressive force in pounds.

10


Compressive Load MultiplierPoint F - Metric Units

Wall Thickness

Hole ID

OD Nom. Min. 50 75 100 125 150 175 200


mm mm mm mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2

25.400 2.210 2.083 71.29 46.25 34.23 27.17 22.52 19.23 16.7825.400 2.413 2.286 76.91 49.77 36.79 29.18 24.18 20.64 18.0025.400 2.591 2.464 81.65 52.72 38.93 30.85 25.55 21.81 19.0225.400 2.769 2.642 86.23 55.55 40.97 32.45 26.87 22.92 19.99

31.750 1.905 1.778 101.91 66.35 49.19 39.08 32.42 27.69 24.1731.750 2.032 1.905 108.39 70.45 52.18 41.44 34.36 29.35 25.6231.750 2.210 2.083 117.29 76.05 56.27 44.65 37.01 31.60 27.5831.750 2.413 2.286 127.21 82.26 60.78 48.20 39.93 34.09 29.7331.750 2.591 2.464 135.67 87.53 64.60 51.20 42.40 36.18 31.5531.750 2.769 2.642 143.94 92.65 68.30 54.09 44.78 38.20 33.3031.750 2.997 2.870 154.28 99.00 72.89 57.68 47.72 40.69 35.4731.750 3.175 3.048 162.10 103.78 76.32 60.35 49.91 42.55 37.0831.750 3.404 3.277 171.87 109.71 80.57 63.66 52.62 44.84 39.0631.750 3.962 3.835 194.44 123.22 90.19 71.12 58.71 49.99 43.5231.750 4.445 4.318 212.48 133.83 97.67 76.90 63.41 53.95 46.94

38.100 2.413 2.286 190.23 122.97 90.85 72.03 59.67 50.93 44.4338.100 2.591 2.464 203.52 131.24 96.84 76.73 63.54 54.22 47.2838.100 2.769 2.642 216.59 139.33 102.70 81.32 67.30 57.41 50.0538.100 2.997 2.870 233.08 149.47 110.01 87.03 71.99 61.39 53.5038.100 3.175 3.048 245.67 157.16 115.54 91.34 75.53 64.38 56.1038.100 3.404 3.277 261.54 166.79 122.44 96.72 79.93 68.10 59.3338.100 3.962 3.835 298.87 189.16 138.36 109.07 90.02 76.63 66.7138.100 4.445 4.318 329.48 207.16 151.08 118.89 98.01 83.37 72.53

44.450 2.769 2.642 304.20 195.60 144.15 114.12 94.45 80.56 70.2444.450 2.997 2.870 328.30 210.43 154.84 122.48 101.31 86.38 75.2844.450 3.175 3.048 346.80 221.73 162.96 128.82 106.51 90.78 79.1044.450 3.404 3.277 370.28 235.99 173.18 136.77 113.02 96.29 83.8844.450 3.962 3.835 426.20 269.49 197.04 155.29 128.14 109.07 94.9444.450 4.445 4.318 472.81 296.92 216.41 170.25 140.32 119.34 103.8244.450 4.775 4.648 503.81 314.91 229.03 179.96 148.20 125.97 109.54

50.800 2.769 2.642 261.47 192.66 152.52 126.22 107.66 93.8650.800 2.997 2.870 281.88 207.37 164.02 135.66 115.66 100.8050.800 3.175 3.048 297.51 218.61 172.79 142.85 121.75 106.0850.800 3.404 3.277 317.30 232.79 183.83 151.89 129.40 112.7250.800 3.962 3.835 364.23 266.22 209.77 173.08 147.31 128.2250.800 4.445 4.318 403.13 293.70 231.00 190.36 161.88 140.81

* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Mega Newtons.

11


50.800 4.775 4.648 428.89 311.78 244.90 201.65 171.38 149.01

60.325 2.769 2.642 378.27 278.67 220.59 182.54 155.69 135.73

60.325 3.175 3.048 432.17 317.49 250.91 207.41 176.77 154.0160.325 3.404 3.277 461.99 338.86 267.55 221.04 188.30 164.0160.325 3.962 3.835 533.37 389.71 307.01 253.27 215.54 187.5960.325 4.445 4.318 593.30 432.05 339.72 279.90 237.99 207.0060.325 4.775 4.648 633.40 460.19 361.37 297.49 252.80 219.78

66.675 3.175 3.048 535.95 393.69 311.11 257.16 219.16 190.9566.675 3.404 3.277 573.60 420.67 332.12 274.37 233.73 203.5766.675 3.962 3.835 664.16 485.18 382.19 315.26 268.29 233.4966.675 4.445 4.318 740.67 539.23 423.94 349.26 296.95 258.2766.675 4.775 4.648 792.12 575.34 451.72 371.83 315.95 274.6766.675 5.156 5.029 850.57 616.12 483.00 397.18 337.25 293.04

73.025 3.175 3.048 650.93 478.10 377.80 312.28 266.13 231.8673.025 3.404 3.277 697.34 511.37 403.70 333.49 284.08 247.4273.025 3.962 3.835 809.37 591.17 465.64 384.08 326.83 284.4473.025 4.445 4.318 904.51 658.39 517.55 426.35 362.48 315.2573.025 4.775 4.648 968.74 703.47 552.24 454.53 386.20 335.7373.025 5.156 5.029 1,042.0 754.57 591.43 486.30 412.90 358.75

88.900 3.404 3.277 776.96 613.30 506.60 431.52 375.8288.900 3.962 3.835 902.18 710.49 585.98 498.61 433.9188.900 4.445 4.318 1,008.63 792.71 652.93 555.06 482.7188.900 4.775 4.648 1,080.5 848.05 697.89 592.91 515.3888.900 5.156 5.029 1,162.6 911.00 748.91 635.79 552.36

114.300 5.182 5.055 1,293.5 1,097.9 953.7114.300 5.690 5.563 1,413.6 1,198.7 1,040.5114.300 6.350 6.223 1,567.2 1,327.2 1,150.9

Compressive Load Multiplier (CONT)Point F - Metric Units

Wall Thickness

Hole ID

OD Nom. Min. 50 75 100 125 150 175 200


mm mm mm mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2 mm2

* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Mega Newtons.

12


Internal Pressure MultiplierPoint G - English


OD Nom. Min. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


in in in * * * * * * *

1.000 0.087 0.082 0.1277 0.0998 0.0805 0.0669 0.0571 0.0496 0.04391.000 0.095 0.090 0.1407 0.1103 0.0891 0.0742 0.0633 0.0551 0.04871.000 0.102 0.097 0.1521 0.1196 0.0968 0.0806 0.0689 0.0600 0.05311.000 0.109 0.104 0.1637 0.1290 0.1046 0.0873 0.0746 0.0650 0.0575

1.250 0.075 0.070 0.0961 0.0776 0.0638 0.0536 0.0460 0.0402 0.03561.250 0.080 0.075 0.1030 0.0834 0.0685 0.0576 0.0495 0.0433 0.03831.250 0.087 0.082 0.1128 0.0914 0.0753 0.0634 0.0544 0.0476 0.04221.250 0.095 0.090 0.1240 0.1007 0.0830 0.0700 0.0602 0.0526 0.04671.250 0.102 0.097 0.1339 0.1089 0.0899 0.0758 0.0652 0.0571 0.05071.250 0.109 0.104 0.1437 0.1171 0.0969 0.0818 0.0704 0.0616 0.05471.250 0.118 0.113 0.1565 0.1278 0.1059 0.0895 0.0771 0.0676 0.06001.250 0.125 0.120 0.1664 0.1362 0.1130 0.0957 0.0825 0.0723 0.06431.250 0.134 0.129 0.1793 0.1472 0.1223 0.1037 0.0895 0.0785 0.06981.250 0.156 0.151 0.2110 0.1744 0.1457 0.1240 0.1073 0.0943 0.08401.250 0.175 0.170 0.2387 0.1986 0.1668 0.1424 0.1236 0.1088 0.0971

1.500 0.095 0.090 0.1105 0.0926 0.0779 0.0665 0.0576 0.0507 0.04521.500 0.102 0.097 0.1192 0.1000 0.0842 0.0719 0.0624 0.0549 0.04891.500 0.109 0.104 0.1279 0.1074 0.0906 0.0774 0.0672 0.0592 0.05271.500 0.118 0.113 0.1391 0.1170 0.0988 0.0845 0.0734 0.0647 0.05771.500 0.125 0.120 0.1478 0.1245 0.1052 0.0901 0.0784 0.0691 0.06161.500 0.134 0.129 0.1590 0.1342 0.1136 0.0974 0.0848 0.0748 0.06671.500 0.156 0.151 0.1865 0.1582 0.1344 0.1156 0.1008 0.0891 0.07961.500 0.175 0.170 0.2104 0.1792 0.1529 0.1319 0.1152 0.1020 0.0912

1.750 0.109 0.104 0.1149 0.0990 0.0850 0.0736 0.0644 0.0571 0.05111.750 0.118 0.113 0.1248 0.1077 0.0926 0.0803 0.0703 0.0623 0.05581.750 0.125 0.120 0.1326 0.1145 0.0986 0.0855 0.0749 0.0664 0.05951.750 0.134 0.129 0.1426 0.1233 0.1062 0.0922 0.0809 0.0718 0.06431.750 0.156 0.151 0.1670 0.1449 0.1252 0.1090 0.0958 0.0851 0.07631.750 0.175 0.170 0.1882 0.1637 0.1419 0.1237 0.1090 0.0969 0.08701.750 0.188 0.183 0.2026 0.1767 0.1534 0.1340 0.1182 0.1052 0.0946

2.000 0.109 0.104 0.0916 0.0800 0.0701 0.0619 0.0552 0.04962.000 0.118 0.113 0.0996 0.0871 0.0764 0.0675 0.0602 0.05412.000 0.125 0.120 0.1058 0.0926 0.0812 0.0718 0.0641 0.05762.000 0.134 0.129 0.1139 0.0997 0.0876 0.0775 0.0691 0.06222.000 0.156 0.151 0.1336 0.1173 0.1032 0.0914 0.0817 0.07362.000 0.175 0.170 0.1507 0.1326 0.1169 0.1037 0.0928 0.08372.000 0.188 0.183 0.1625 0.1431 0.1264 0.1123 0.1005 0.0907

* Multiply by the yield stress to obtain the internal pressure (in the same units as the yield stress)

13


2.375 0.109 0.104 0.0820 0.0732 0.0653 0.0584 0.0525 0.04762.000 0.118 0.113 0.0996 0.0871 0.0764 0.0675 0.0602 0.05412.375 0.125 0.120 0.0947 0.0846 0.0755 0.0676 0.0609 0.05512.375 0.134 0.129 0.1018 0.0911 0.0813 0.0728 0.0656 0.05952.375 0.156 0.151 0.1193 0.1069 0.0956 0.0857 0.0773 0.07012.375 0.175 0.170 0.1344 0.1206 0.1080 0.0969 0.0875 0.07952.375 0.188 0.183 0.1448 0.1300 0.1165 0.1047 0.0946 0.0859

2.625 0.125 0.120 0.0883 0.0799 0.0720 0.0650 0.0589 0.05362.625 0.134 0.129 0.0949 0.0859 0.0775 0.0700 0.0634 0.05772.625 0.156 0.151 0.1112 0.1008 0.0910 0.0822 0.0746 0.06802.625 0.175 0.170 0.1252 0.1136 0.1027 0.0929 0.0843 0.07692.625 0.188 0.183 0.1348 0.1224 0.1107 0.1003 0.0911 0.08312.625 0.203 0.198 0.1459 0.1326 0.1201 0.1088 0.0989 0.0903

2.875 0.125 0.120 0.0826 0.0755 0.0687 0.0625 0.0569 0.05212.875 0.134 0.129 0.0888 0.0812 0.0739 0.0672 0.0613 0.05612.875 0.156 0.151 0.1040 0.0952 0.0867 0.0789 0.0720 0.06602.875 0.175 0.170 0.1171 0.1073 0.0978 0.0891 0.0814 0.07462.875 0.188 0.183 0.1260 0.1156 0.1054 0.0961 0.0878 0.08052.875 0.203 0.198 0.1364 0.1251 0.1143 0.1043 0.0953 0.0874

3.500 0.134 0.129 0.0712 0.0660 0.0610 0.0564 0.05223.500 0.156 0.151 0.0833 0.0773 0.0715 0.0661 0.06123.500 0.175 0.170 0.0938 0.0871 0.0807 0.0746 0.06913.500 0.188 0.183 0.1010 0.0938 0.0869 0.0804 0.07453.500 0.203 0.198 0.1093 0.1016 0.0941 0.0872 0.0808

4.500 0.204 0.199 0.0813 0.0766 0.07214.500 0.224 0.219 0.0895 0.0844 0.07944.500 0.250 0.245 0.1002 0.0945 0.0890

Internal Pressure Multiplier (CONT)Point G - English


OD Nom. Min. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


in in in * * * * * * *


14


Internal Pressure MultiplierPoint G - Metric Units


OD Nom. Min. 50 75 100 125 150 175 200


mm mm mm * * * * * * *

1.000 0.087 0.082 0.1277 0.0998 0.0805 0.0669 0.0571 0.0496 0.04391.000 0.095 0.090 0.1407 0.1103 0.0891 0.0742 0.0633 0.0551 0.04871.000 0.102 0.097 0.1521 0.1196 0.0968 0.0806 0.0689 0.0600 0.05311.000 0.109 0.104 0.1637 0.1290 0.1046 0.0873 0.0746 0.0650 0.0575

1.250 0.075 0.070 0.0961 0.0776 0.0638 0.0536 0.0460 0.0402 0.03561.250 0.080 0.075 0.1030 0.0834 0.0685 0.0576 0.0495 0.0433 0.03831.250 0.087 0.082 0.1128 0.0914 0.0753 0.0634 0.0544 0.0476 0.04221.250 0.095 0.090 0.1240 0.1007 0.0830 0.0700 0.0602 0.0526 0.04671.250 0.102 0.097 0.1339 0.1089 0.0899 0.0758 0.0652 0.0571 0.05071.250 0.109 0.104 0.1437 0.1171 0.0969 0.0818 0.0704 0.0616 0.05471.250 0.118 0.113 0.1565 0.1278 0.1059 0.0895 0.0771 0.0676 0.06001.250 0.125 0.120 0.1664 0.1362 0.1130 0.0957 0.0825 0.0723 0.06431.250 0.134 0.129 0.1793 0.1472 0.1223 0.1037 0.0895 0.0785 0.06981.250 0.156 0.151 0.2110 0.1744 0.1457 0.1240 0.1073 0.0943 0.08401.250 0.175 0.170 0.2387 0.1986 0.1668 0.1424 0.1236 0.1088 0.0971

1.500 0.095 0.090 0.1105 0.0926 0.0779 0.0665 0.0576 0.0507 0.04521.500 0.102 0.097 0.1192 0.1000 0.0842 0.0719 0.0624 0.0549 0.04891.500 0.109 0.104 0.1279 0.1074 0.0906 0.0774 0.0672 0.0592 0.05271.500 0.118 0.113 0.1391 0.1170 0.0988 0.0845 0.0734 0.0647 0.05771.500 0.125 0.120 0.1478 0.1245 0.1052 0.0901 0.0784 0.0691 0.06161.500 0.134 0.129 0.1590 0.1342 0.1136 0.0974 0.0848 0.0748 0.06671.500 0.156 0.151 0.1865 0.1582 0.1344 0.1156 0.1008 0.0891 0.07961.500 0.175 0.170 0.2104 0.1792 0.1529 0.1319 0.1152 0.1020 0.0912

1.750 0.109 0.104 0.1149 0.0990 0.0850 0.0736 0.0644 0.0571 0.05111.750 0.118 0.113 0.1248 0.1077 0.0926 0.0803 0.0703 0.0623 0.05581.750 0.125 0.120 0.1326 0.1145 0.0986 0.0855 0.0749 0.0664 0.05951.750 0.134 0.129 0.1426 0.1233 0.1062 0.0922 0.0809 0.0718 0.06431.750 0.156 0.151 0.1670 0.1449 0.1252 0.1090 0.0958 0.0851 0.07631.750 0.175 0.170 0.1882 0.1637 0.1419 0.1237 0.1090 0.0969 0.08701.750 0.188 0.183 0.2026 0.1767 0.1534 0.1340 0.1182 0.1052 0.0946

2.000 0.109 0.104 0.0916 0.0800 0.0701 0.0619 0.0552 0.04962.000 0.118 0.113 0.0996 0.0871 0.0764 0.0675 0.0602 0.05412.000 0.125 0.120 0.1058 0.0926 0.0812 0.0718 0.0641 0.05762.000 0.134 0.129 0.1139 0.0997 0.0876 0.0775 0.0691 0.06222.000 0.156 0.151 0.1336 0.1173 0.1032 0.0914 0.0817 0.07362.000 0.175 0.170 0.1507 0.1326 0.1169 0.1037 0.0928 0.08372.000 0.188 0.183 0.1625 0.1431 0.1264 0.1123 0.1005 0.0907


15


2.375 0.109 0.104 0.0820 0.0732 0.0653 0.0584 0.0525 0.04762.000 0.118 0.113 0.0996 0.0871 0.0764 0.0675 0.0602 0.05412.375 0.125 0.120 0.0947 0.0846 0.0755 0.0676 0.0609 0.05512.375 0.134 0.129 0.1018 0.0911 0.0813 0.0728 0.0656 0.05952.375 0.156 0.151 0.1193 0.1069 0.0956 0.0857 0.0773 0.07012.375 0.175 0.170 0.1344 0.1206 0.1080 0.0969 0.0875 0.07952.375 0.188 0.183 0.1448 0.1300 0.1165 0.1047 0.0946 0.0859

2.625 0.125 0.120 0.0883 0.0799 0.0720 0.0650 0.0589 0.05362.625 0.134 0.129 0.0949 0.0859 0.0775 0.0700 0.0634 0.05772.625 0.156 0.151 0.1112 0.1008 0.0910 0.0822 0.0746 0.06802.625 0.175 0.170 0.1252 0.1136 0.1027 0.0929 0.0843 0.07692.625 0.188 0.183 0.1348 0.1224 0.1107 0.1003 0.0911 0.08312.625 0.203 0.198 0.1459 0.1326 0.1201 0.1088 0.0989 0.0903

2.875 0.125 0.120 0.0826 0.0755 0.0687 0.0625 0.0569 0.05212.875 0.134 0.129 0.0888 0.0812 0.0739 0.0672 0.0613 0.05612.875 0.156 0.151 0.1040 0.0952 0.0867 0.0789 0.0720 0.06602.875 0.175 0.170 0.1171 0.1073 0.0978 0.0891 0.0814 0.07462.875 0.188 0.183 0.1260 0.1156 0.1054 0.0961 0.0878 0.08052.875 0.203 0.198 0.1364 0.1251 0.1143 0.1043 0.0953 0.0874

3.500 0.134 0.129 0.0712 0.0660 0.0610 0.0564 0.05223.500 0.156 0.151 0.0833 0.0773 0.0715 0.0661 0.06123.500 0.175 0.170 0.0938 0.0871 0.0807 0.0746 0.06913.500 0.188 0.183 0.1010 0.0938 0.0869 0.0804 0.07453.500 0.203 0.198 0.1093 0.1016 0.0941 0.0872 0.0808

4.500 0.204 0.199 0.0813 0.0766 0.07214.500 0.224 0.219 0.0895 0.0844 0.07944.500 0.250 0.245 0.1002 0.0945 0.0890

Internal Pressure Multiplier (CONT)Point G - Metric Units


OD Nom. Min. 50 75 100 125 150 175 200


mm mm mm * * * * * * *


16

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsCoiled Tubing Fatigue

Coiled Tubing FatigueIn a typical application CT experiences 3 bending and 3 unbending events in one “trip” into and out of a well:

1. Unbending off of the reel,2. Bending over the guide arch (while RIH),3. Unbending off of the guide arch (RIH),4. Bending over the guide arch (while POOH),5. Unbending off of the guide arch (when POOH),6. Bending onto the reel.

Note that 4 of these bending events involve the guide arch and 2 involve the reel. Thus, in a typical situation, more fatigue damage is done at the guide arch than at the reel.

The primary factors that affect the fatigue life are:

• CT diameter• CT material• CT wall thickness• pressure in the CT while it is being bent• welds in the CT• radius of bending at the reel• radius of bending at the guide arch• tension in the CT while bending• rotation of the CT between bends• CT surface finish, internal and external• previous fatigue history

Calculating the fatigue life is very complex, and thus must be done with computer modeling. Three major “fatigue models” have been developed to determine the fatigue life of CT. These models have been developed by:

S. Tipton – University of TulsaV. Avakov – HalliburtonBJ/Nowsco

The model developed by Tipton is used in the CTES Cerberus™ (non-Halliburton) software and the Schlumberger Dowell software. The Avakov model is used in the CTES Cerberus™ (Halliburton), Maurer and Medco software. The BJ/Nowsco model is exclusive to BJ.

This section includes a series of graphs produced using the Tipton model in the CTES Cer-berus™ software. These graphs show the number of “trips” to “failure”. In a trip, the section of CT of interest experiences the 3 bending and 3 unbending events listed above. Failure for most of these graphs is defined as “crack initiation”, when the first cracking would begin to occur in the surface of the CT material. The “Varying Failure Criterion” graph shows a comparison of this crack initiation failure criterion with a “pressure loss” failure criterion where the crack has propagated through the wall thickness and pressure is lost through a pin-hole or through crack. No safety factor has been included in these graphs.

These graphs provide a qualitative understanding of the fatigue life and how it varies as the various parameters are varied. In actual field operations, the pressure is not constant for the entire life of the CT. Thus these graphs cannot be used to determine the actual life of a sec-tion of CT used in the field. The computer models must be used to determine the actual fatigue life.

1


Varying Materials

Varying Failure Criterion

CT Diameter 1.75 inWall Thickness 0.134 inReel Diameter 84 inGuide Arch Radius 72 inMaterial Grade (yield Stress) 80 kpsiFailure Criterion Varies

CT Diameter 1.75 inWall Thickness 0.109 inReel Diameter 84 inGuide Arch Radius 72 inMaterial Grade (yield Stress) VariesFailure Criterion Crack Initiation

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

Grade 70 (70 kpsi yield)Grade 80 (80 kpsi yield)Grade 100 (100 kpsi yield)

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

Crack Initiation

Pressure Loss

2


Coiled Tubing Diameters 1.00" - 1.75"


CT Diameter VariesWall Thickness 0.109 inReel Diameter 84 inGuide Arch Radius 50 inMaterial Grade (yield Stress) 80 kpsiFailure Criterion Crack Initiation


0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

1.00 in1.25 in1.50 in1.75 in

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

1.50 in1.75 in2.00 in2.375 in

3



Varying Wall Thickness


CT Diameter 1.75 inWall Thickness VariesReel Diameter 84 inGuide Arch Radius 72 inMaterial Grade (yield Stress) 80 kpsiFailure Criterion Crack Initiation

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

2.00 in2.375 in2.875 in3.5 in4.5 in

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

0.095 in0.109 in0.125 in0.134 in0.156 in0.175 in

4


Varying Reel Diameter

Varying Guide Arch Radius

CT Diameter 1.75 inWall Thickness 0.134 inReel Diameter VariesGuide Arch Radius 72 inMaterial Grade (yield Stress) 80 kpsiFailure Criterion Crack Initiation

CT Diameter 1.75 inWall Thickness 0.109 inReel Diameter 84 inGuide Arch Radius VariesMaterial Grade (yield Stress) 80 kpsiFailure Criterion Crack Initiation

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

72 in84 in96 in108 in120 in

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000Pressure (psi)

Tri

ps

to C

rack

Inia

tio

n

48 in

72 in

90 in120 in

5


6

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsDepth Correction & Stuck Point

Depth Correction & Stuck PointThere are four things which change the depth of CT in the well compared to the measured length of CT at surface:

1. Stretch due to axial load

2. Thermal elongation

3. Elongation due to pressure differential

4. Shortening due to helical buckling

Each of these depth corrections is discussed below, followed by a discussion of stuck point calculations.

Stretch due to Axial Load. The depth measurement systems used at surface may or may not account for some of the stretch in the CT due to the axial load depending on the location of the friction wheel. The axial load in the CT (sometimes called the "real axial force") varies as the pressure inside and outside the CT varies. The stretch included in the depth measurement depends upon the axial load in the CT under the friction wheel when the measurement is being made.

CT stretch is much more complicated than stretch of conventional tubulars because of the residual bending stresses in the CT. The following figure shows the stretch, which occurs as a piece of CT is loaded from zero to 80% of its yield load, and then the load is released.

There are three portions of this stretch curve which must be considered:

1. During the initial loading from zero to the "transition load", Ft, the CT stretches at one slope which includes some plastic deformation. The slope of this portion of the curve is found in the "Plastic Stretch" table under "Stretch < Ft"

2. When the load becomes greater than Pt the slope of the stretch increases, with increased plastic deformation. The slope of this portion of the curve is found in the "Plastic Stretch" table under "Stretch >Ft"

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000

Axial Force (lb)

Str

etch

(ft

/1,0

00 f

t)

plastic < Ft

plastic > Ft

elastic

1


3. When the load is released at any point along the loading curve, the stretch decreases along the elastic curve, which has less slope than either of the plastic curves. The slope of this portion of the curve is found in the "Coiled Tubing Performance Data" table under Elastic Stretch. When the load is fully released there is still some remaining stretch or elongation in the CT. If a load is applied again it will follow the elastic curve. When the CT is bent again on surface, some or all of this elongation will be removed.

The above discussion applies to compressive loads as well as tensile loads. Note that the plastic stretch values depend upon the bending radius that the CT was last bent to on sur-face. Usually this is the radius of the guide arch.

Example stretch calculation:

A 1,000 ft section of 1.5" diameter, 0.109" wall, 80,000 psi yield CT has been bent around a 48" radius and straightened. (Note that these are the values used to create the above figure). From the Plastic Stretch table and Coiled Tubing Performance Data table obtain the following values:

• Transition load (Ft) 21,551 lb• Elastic Stretch 0.0778 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb• Plastic Stretch <Ft 0.1298 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb• Plastic Stretch >Ft 0.1940 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb

Each of the following is a stretch calculation based upon these values. Note that this sequence of loads must be applied in this order, as some of the stretch calculations depend on previous load steps. Also note that this exact sequence can be done in compression, in which case all of the load and stretch numbers would be negative.

1. An axial load (Fa) of 10,000 lb is applied to this 1,000 ft section of CT. Since Fa is less than Pt, only the 0.1298 stretch factor is needed. The stretch is this value multi-plied by 10 (for 10 thousand lbs) which gives a stretch of 1.298 ft

2. The above axial load is released, so Fa=0. When the load is released the CT short-ens elastically. The elastic stretch factor multiplied by 10 is 0.778 ft. The remaining stretch (or elongation) once the load is released is 1.298-0.778 = 0.542 ft.

3. A load of 10,000 lb is applied again. The CT stretches elastically to 1.298 ft again.

4. The load is increased to 25,000 lbs. Until the transition load the stretch is 0.1298 multiplied by 21.551 (the transition load is 21.551 thousand lb) which gives a stretch at the transition load of 2.797 ft. The remaining load (25,000 - 21,551 = 3,449lb) causes stretching to occur at the 0.194 rate for an additional stretch of 0.669 ft. The total stretch is 2.797 + 0.669 = 3.466 ft.

5. The load is released. The elastic shortening is 0.0778 * 25 = 1.945 ft. The remaining elongation once the load is released is 3.466-1.945 = 1.521 ft

Elongation due to Temperature. The elongation due to temperature is simply the change in temperature multiplied by an expansion coefficient. The expansion coefficients are:

• For degrees Fahrenheit the expansion coefficient is 6.5 X 10-6

• For degrees Centigrade the expansion coefficient is 3.61 X 10-6

Example Thermal Elongation Calculation

A 1,000 ft. section of CT is 100°F at surface and 350°F downhole. The change in tem-perature is 250°F. The elongation is 250 X 6.5 X 10-6 X 1,000 = 1.625 ft.

2


Elongation due to Pressure Differential. Changes in internal and external pressure cause changes in the axial force in the CT. The axial force used to calculate the axial stretch of the CT must take these pressures into account. When they are accounted for correctly in the axial force calculation, the stretch due to the pressure differential is already included in the stretch calculation for axial force discussed previously.

There is another elongation effect caused by pressure, known as the Poisson effect. How-ever, this effect is very small, and can be neglected.

Shortening due to Helical Buckling. Sometimes when CT is in compression it “buck-les” into a helical shape in the hole. Though the CT itself does not change length, the length it occupies in the well is shorter when it is in a helical shape. This apparent shortening of the CT affects the depth of the end of the CT.

Helical buckling of the CT is quite complicated. The “Period and Shortening Due to Helical Buckling” table is only for a hole that is horizontal with no curvature. The Helical Buckling Load (HBL) values are the compressive “effective axial forces” at which the CT will buckle into a helix ignoring friction affects. The effective axial force is different from the real axial force in that it does not include the effects of pressure. Given the real axial force and the internal and external pressures, the effective axial force can be calculated using the equa-tion given later under equations.

The HBL depends upon the buoyant weight of the CT, which in turn depends on the density of the fluids inside and outside the CT. Two values are given in the attached table for the HBL. The first (air) assumes that the fluids inside and outside the CT have negligible den-sity. The second (water) assumes that a salt water with a density of 8.6 lb/gal is inside and outside the CT.

Example Shortening due to Helical Bucking Calculation

A 1,000 ft long section of 1.5” diameter, 0.109” wall is in a horizontal wellbore with a 4” ID which is filled with saltwater. There is an effective compressive axial load of 5,000 lb in the CT section, which is greater than the HBL of 1,083 lb from the table. Thus the CT is buckled into a helix with a period of 18.5 ft. The length change of 0.624 means that the shortening due to the helical buckling is 0.624 ft for this 1,000 ft section.

Stuck Point Calculation. When CT becomes stuck in a well it may be desirable to determine at what depth the CT is stuck, known as the stuck point. To calculate the stuck point the operator must follow this procedure:

1. Pull on the CT to the maximum “weight” the operator is allowed to pull which is typi-cally 80% of the yield load.

2. Release to some lower weight at which the CT is still in tension all the way to the stuck point. The change in depth as the weight is slacked off from the maximum weight to the lower weight must be accurately measured. This change in depth (or length) will be called ∆sp.

It is important that the testing be done in this way because it causes ∆sp to occur in the elas-tic range of the CT. The change in weight and ∆sp can now be used to back calculate the length of CT, which corresponds to the depth of the stuck point. This calculation procedure only works for vertical wells and non-tapered CT strings. For more complicated well and CT geometry’s, a computer model must be used.

Example Stuck Point Calculation

1.5” diameter, 0.109” wall CT is stuck in a vertical well. The operator pulls to weight of 30,000 lb and then slacks-off to a weight of 20,000 lb, causing a change in axial load of 10,000 lb. The δsp is measured to be 4.12 ft.

3


The elastic stretch coefficient for this CT, discussed in the axial load example above, is 0.0777 ft/1,000 ft per 1,000 lb of load. In this calculation the change in load is 10,000 lb, so the elastic stretch is 0.777 ft/1,000 ft. Dividing δsp by 0.777 yields 5.302. Thus the stuck point is calculated to be at a depth of 5,302 ft.

EquationsThe effective axial force is calculated from the real axial force with the following equation:

The plastic stretch coefficients are calculated using the following equations developed by K. Newman of CTES, L.C. The radius at which yielding begins when the CT is bent is:

Three geometric values required to calculate the area of yielding are:

The transition load defined in reference 1 is calculated using a = 1.0:

The elastic stretch is:

a varies between 1 and 2. For this handbook a=1.5 was used for the following equations.

The plastic stretch for axial loads less than the transition load is:

F F P A P Ae a i i o o= − +

rR

Eyb y=σ

arcsin yo

o

rr

αθ

=

arcsin y

ii

rr

αθ

=

∆ = − + −r r r ro o i i o i i o2 2θ θ θ θsin( )

( )12t yF Aσ= + ∆

δafaF L

AE=

( )2

aaf A

F LE

δ =+ ∆

4


For axial loads above the transition load the plastic stretch is:

The plastic stretch values in the table use an axial force of 1,000 lb or 1,000 kg and a length of 1,000 ft. or 1,000 meters.

The helical buckling load for CT in a horizontal hole without friction is:

The period of the helix is:

The change in length due to the helix is:

( )( )( )2 2

a ttaf A A

F F LFLE E

δ−

= ++∆ −∆

HBL EIWr

b

c

= −2 2

λ π= 2 2EIFe

22 1 1chb

rL πδλ

= − + −

5


Nomenclature

ReferencesNewman, K., Sathuvalli, U., Wolhart, S.: “Elongation of Coiled Tubing During its Life,” SPE 38408, SPE/ICoTA North American Coiled Tubing Roundtable, April 1-3, 1997

AI = cross sectional area of the inside of the CTAo = cross sectional area of the outside of the CTA = cross sectional area of the CT wall = Ao - AI

E = modulus of elasticity - 27 x 106 psi used for tablesFe = effective axial forceFa = real axial forceFt = transition load

I = CT moment of inertia = π(ro4 - ri4)/4L = length of the CT sectionPI = internal pressurePo = external pressurerI = internal radius of the CTro = external radius of the CTrc = radial clearance between wellbore and CTRb = radius of bending at surface, typically the guide arch radiust = wall thickness of the CT = ro-rI

δaf = stretch due to axial forceδsp = stretch used for stuck point calculationδhb = change in length due to the helical shape when CT is buckled∆ = geometric area

σy = yield stress of the CT

θi = geometric angleθo = geometric angleλ = period of helixν = Poisson’s ratio (0.3 for steel)ζ = Ration of outside diameter divided by wall thickness

6


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epth Correction & Stuck Point

7

ch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

0.0755 0.3703 0.1129 0.0696 0.3429 0.1045 0.0653 0.3225 0.0983 0.0615 0.3048 0.0929

0.0713 0.4057 0.1236 0.0658 0.3761 0.1146 0.0616 0.3541 0.1079 0.0580 0.3351 0.1021

0.0637 0.5125 0.1562 0.0586 0.4772 0.1455 0.0549 0.4511 0.1375 0.0516 0.4286 0.1306

0.0541 0.2719 0.0829 0.0477 0.2407 0.0734 0.0443 0.2246 0.0684 0.0395 0.2014 0.0614 0.0345 0.1775 0.0541

0.0495 0.3171 0.0967 0.0436 0.2816 0.0858 0.0405 0.2633 0.0803

Plastic StretchGrade 70

CT OD Wall Rb Ft Stret

(in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (lb) (kg) (ft *)

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 36 1.42 9,879 4,481 0.24771.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 36 1.42 10,704 4,855 0.22851.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 36 1.42 11,414 5,177 0.21421.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 36 1.42 12,114 5,495 0.2017

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 48 1.89 10,269 4,658 0.23411.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 11,130 5,049 0.21581.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 48 1.89 11,872 5,385 0.20221.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 12,604 5,717 0.1904

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 72 2.83 11,077 5,024 0.20891.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 12,014 5,449 0.19241.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 72 2.83 12,822 5,816 0.18011.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 13,620 6,178 0.1694

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 13,733 6,229 0.17771.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 15,590 7,071 0.15641.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 16,760 7,602 0.14541.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 18,798 8,527 0.12951.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 21,508 9,756 0.1131

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 14,593 6,619 0.16251.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 16,578 7,520 0.14291.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 17,831 8,088 0.1328

*Feet of stretch when 1,000 lbs of force is applied to a section 1,000 ft long.** Meters of stretch when 1,000 kg of force is applied to a section 1,000 m long.


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0.1181 0.0360 0.2371 0.0723 0.1029 0.0314 0.2101 0.0641

0.1461 0.0445 0.4061 0.1238 0.1282 0.0391 0.3634 0.1108 0.1190 0.0363 0.3416 0.1041 0.1056 0.0322 0.3106 0.0947 0.0917 0.0280 0.2796 0.0852

0.1508 0.0460 0.2131 0.0650 0.1326 0.0404 0.1880 0.0573 0.1231 0.0375 0.1751 0.0534 0.1095 0.0334 0.1564 0.0477 0.0954 0.0291 0.1370 0.0418

0.1401 0.0427 0.2391 0.0729 0.1230 0.0375 0.2112 0.0644 0.1142 0.0348 0.1969 0.0600 0.1015 0.0309 0.1762 0.0537 0.0883 0.0269 0.1548 0.0472

0.1003 0.0306 0.1923 0.0586 0.0930 0.0283 0.1791 0.0546 0.0825 0.0251 0.1601 0.0488

Plastic Stretch (CONT)

Stretch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

8

1.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 20,015 9,0791.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 22,928 10,400

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 100 3.94 15,642 7,0951.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 17,784 8,0671.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 19,139 8,6811.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 21,505 9,7551.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 24,671 11,191

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 16,340 7,4121.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 18,581 8,4281.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 19,998 9,0711.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 22,475 10,1941.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 25,788 11,697

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 17,189 7,7971.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 19,556 8,8701.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 21,054 9,5501.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 23,674 10,7391.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 27,186 12,331

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 23,693 10,7471.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 25,534 11,5821.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 28,762 13,046

Grade 70

CT OD Wall Rb Ft

(in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (lb) (kg)



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9

0.0218 0.1404 0.0428 0.0196 0.1275 0.0389

0.0290 0.2144 0.0654 0.0269 0.2000 0.0610 0.0238 0.1792 0.0546 0.0207 0.1577 0.0481 0.0186 0.1436 0.0438

0.0241 0.1170 0.0357 0.0209 0.1020 0.0311 0.0188 0.0921 0.0281 0.0176 0.0865 0.0264 0.0164 0.0810 0.0247

0.0226 0.1298 0.0396 0.0196 0.1134 0.0346 0.0176 0.1026 0.0313 0.0164 0.0965 0.0294 0.0153 0.0904 0.0276

0.0206 0.0936 0.0285 0.0179 0.0813 0.0248 0.0160 0.0732 0.0223

ch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

1.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 33,110 15,019 0.07161.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 36,781 16,684 0.0644

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 120 4.72 24,538 11,130 0.09521.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 120 4.72 26,449 11,997 0.08821.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 29,803 13,518 0.07821.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 34,324 15,569 0.06781.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 38,146 17,303 0.0609

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 31,020 14,070 0.07902.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 35,736 16,210 0.06852.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 39,723 18,018 0.06162.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 42,406 19,235 0.05772.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 72 2.83 45,455 20,618 0.0538

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 32,423 14,707 0.07402.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 37,371 16,951 0.06422.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 41,559 18,851 0.05772.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 44,379 20,130 0.05402.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 47,587 21,585 0.0503

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 36,537 16,573 0.06762.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 42,159 19,123 0.05862.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 46,929 21,287 0.0526

Plastic Stretch (CONT)Grade 70





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0.0492 0.0150 0.0687 0.0209

0.0641 0.0195 0.1014 0.0309 0.0555 0.0169 0.0882 0.0269 0.0498 0.0152 0.0795 0.0242 0.0466 0.0142 0.0746 0.0227

0.0617 0.0188 0.1081 0.0329 0.0534 0.0163 0.0941 0.0287 0.0479 0.0146 0.0849 0.0259 0.0448 0.0136 0.0797 0.0243

0.0508 0.0155 0.0769 0.0234 0.0456 0.0139 0.0692 0.0211 0.0426 0.0130 0.0649 0.0198 0.0397 0.0121 0.0606 0.0185

0.0491 0.0150 0.0813 0.0248 0.0440 0.0134 0.0732 0.0223 0.0412 0.0125 0.0686 0.0209 0.0383 0.0117 0.0641 0.0195

0.0466 0.0142 0.0892 0.0272 0.0418 0.0127 0.0804 0.0245



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

10

2.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 50,146 22,746

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 37,927 17,2042.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 43,778 19,8582.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 48,746 22,1112.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 52,099 23,632

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 38,934 17,6602.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 44,950 20,3892.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 50,061 22,7082.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 53,513 24,273

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 48,056 21,7982.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 53,544 24,2872.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 57,253 25,9702.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 61,488 27,891

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 49,220 22,3262.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 54,851 24,8802.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 58,658 26,6072.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 63,004 28,579

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 50,992 23,1302.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 56,840 25,782

Grade 70

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




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11

0.0119 0.0755 0.0230 0.0111 0.0705 0.0215

0.0143 0.0682 0.0208 0.0128 0.0613 0.0187 0.0120 0.0574 0.0175 0.0112 0.0535 0.0163

0.0139 0.0715 0.0218 0.0124 0.0644 0.0196 0.0116 0.0603 0.0184 0.0108 0.0562 0.0171

0.0132 0.0775 0.0236 0.0118 0.0697 0.0213 0.0111 0.0654 0.0199 0.0103 0.0610 0.0186

0.0105 0.0495 0.0151 0.0091 0.0431 0.0131 0.0083 0.0394 0.0120 0.0079 0.0375 0.0114

0.0101 0.0525 0.0160

ch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

2.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 60,796 27,577 0.03902.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 65,315 29,627 0.0363

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 52,337 23,740 0.04692.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 58,346 26,465 0.04212.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 62,412 28,310 0.03932.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 67,057 30,417 0.0366

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 53,495 24,265 0.04542.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 59,646 27,055 0.04072.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 63,809 28,943 0.03812.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 68,566 31,101 0.0354

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 55,253 25,063 0.04332.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 61,619 27,950 0.03882.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 65,930 29,906 0.03632.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 70,857 32,141 0.0338

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 71,648 32,499 0.03433.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 82,488 37,416 0.02983.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 120 4.72 90,505 41,053 0.02713.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 120 4.72 95,042 43,111 0.0258

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 73,598 33,384 0.0330






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0.0286 0.0087 0.0458 0.0139 0.0261 0.0079 0.0418 0.0127 0.0248 0.0076 0.0399 0.0122

0.0230 0.0070 0.0328 0.0100 0.0189 0.0057 0.0270 0.0082



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

12

3.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 84,750 38,4423.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 150 5.91 93,002 42,1853.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 150 5.91 97,674 44,305

4.500 114.300 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 107,027 48,5474.500 114.300 0.250 6.350 150 5.91 130,517 59,202

Grade 70

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




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13

ch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

0.0737 0.3845 0.1172 0.0679 0.3562 0.1086 0.0637 0.3352 0.1022 0.0600 0.3169 0.0966

0.0691 0.4300 0.1311 0.0637 0.3990 0.1216 0.0596 0.3760 0.1146 0.0561 0.3561 0.1085

0.0605 0.5883 0.1793 0.0557 0.5499 0.1676 0.0521 0.5217 0.1590 0.0489 0.4975 0.1516

0.0528 0.2831 0.0863 0.0464 0.2508 0.0764 0.0432 0.2341 0.0714 0.0384 0.2102 0.0641 0.0335 0.1855 0.0565

0.0477 0.3433 0.1046 0.0419 0.3055 0.0931 0.0389 0.2860 0.0872 0.0346 0.2582 0.0787 0.0301 0.2298 0.0700

0.0420 0.4888 0.1490 0.0368 0.4415 0.1345

0.0341 0.4177 0.1273

Plastic StretchGrade 80



1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 36 1.42 11,480 5,207 0.24171.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 36 1.42 12,441 5,643 0.22291.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 36 1.42 13,268 6,018 0.20891.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 36 1.42 14,083 6,388 0.1967

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 48 1.89 11,995 5,441 0.22661.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 13,003 5,898 0.20891.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 48 1.89 13,873 6,293 0.19571.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 14,730 6,681 0.1842

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 72 2.83 13,073 5,930 0.19851.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 14,183 6,433 0.18271.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 72 2.83 15,141 6,868 0.17091.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 16,087 7,297 0.1606

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 15,973 7,245 0.17321.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 18,136 8,226 0.15241.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 19,500 8,845 0.14171.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 21,876 9,923 0.12611.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 25,038 11,357 0.1101

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 17,110 7,761 0.15641.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 19,443 8,819 0.13741.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 20,917 9,488 0.12761.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 23,488 10,654 0.11351.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 26,920 12,211 0.0988

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 100 3.94 18,520 8,401 0.13771.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 21,066 9,555 0.12071.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 22,678 10,287 0.1119



hartsD


0.0991 0.0302 0.3850 0.1173 0.0858 0.0261 0.3549 0.1082

0.1476 0.0450 0.2198 0.0670 0.1298 0.0395 0.1940 0.0591 0.1205 0.0367 0.1807 0.0551 0.1071 0.0327 0.1615 0.0492 0.0933 0.0284 0.1416 0.0432

0.1358 0.0414 0.2528 0.0770 0.1192 0.0363 0.2236 0.0681 0.1107 0.0337 0.2085 0.0636 0.0983 0.0300 0.1868 0.0569 0.0854 0.0260 0.1645 0.0501

0.0966 0.0294 0.2074 0.0632 0.0896 0.0273 0.1934 0.0589 0.0794 0.0242 0.1731 0.0528 0.0689 0.0210 0.1522 0.0464 0.0619 0.0189 0.1385 0.0422

0.0909 0.0277 0.2400 0.0732 0.0842 0.0257 0.2242 0.0683 0.0746 0.0227 0.2014 0.0614 0.0646 0.0197 0.1781 0.0543 0.0580 0.0177 0.1629 0.0496

0.0771 0.0235 0.1213 0.0370 0.0669 0.0204 0.1059 0.0323 0.0601 0.0183 0.0956 0.0292



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

14

1.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 25,496 11,5651.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 29,275 13,279

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 18,950 8,5961.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 21,551 9,7761.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 23,197 10,5221.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 26,074 11,8271.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 29,924 13,574

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 20,068 9,1031.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 22,835 10,3581.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 24,588 11,1531.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 27,655 12,5441.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 31,767 14,409

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 27,765 12,5941.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 29,926 13,5741.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 33,717 15,2941.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 38,828 17,6121.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 43,145 19,570

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 120 4.72 28,892 13,1051.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 120 4.72 31,147 14,1281.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 35,108 15,9251.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 40,451 18,3481.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 44,971 20,399

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 36,036 16,3462.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 41,523 18,8352.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 46,164 20,940

Grade 80

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


15

0.0172 0.0899 0.0274 0.0160 0.0841 0.0256

0.0218 0.1379 0.0420 0.0189 0.1206 0.0368 0.0170 0.1092 0.0333 0.0159 0.1028 0.0313 0.0148 0.0964 0.0294

0.0202 0.0963 0.0293 0.0175 0.0837 0.0255 0.0157 0.0754 0.0230 0.0147 0.0707 0.0216

0.0190 0.1061 0.0323 0.0164 0.0923 0.0281 0.0148 0.0833 0.0254 0.0138 0.0782 0.0238

0.0182 0.1148 0.0350 0.0157 0.1001 0.0305 0.0141 0.0904 0.0275 0.0132 0.0849 0.0259

0.0151 0.0800 0.0244 0.0136 0.0720 0.0220 0.0127 0.0675 0.0206 0.0118 0.0630 0.0192

0.0145 0.0856 0.0261

ch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

2.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 49,287 22,356 0.05632.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 72 2.83 52,838 23,967 0.0525

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 37,887 17,185 0.07162.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 43,679 19,813 0.06212.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 48,585 22,038 0.05582.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 51,890 23,537 0.05222.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 55,651 25,243 0.0486

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 42,338 19,204 0.06632.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 48,859 22,162 0.05742.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 54,392 24,672 0.05162.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 58,126 26,366 0.0482

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 44,165 20,033 0.06232.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 50,987 23,128 0.05402.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 56,781 25,756 0.04842.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 60,694 27,530 0.0453

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 45,494 20,636 0.05972.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 52,535 23,830 0.05162.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 58,519 26,544 0.04632.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 62,562 28,378 0.0433

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 55,870 25,342 0.04962.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 62,258 28,240 0.04452.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 66,577 30,199 0.04162.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 71,508 32,436 0.0387

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 57,404 26,038 0.0477






hartsD


0.0427 0.0130 0.0771 0.0235 0.0399 0.0122 0.0723 0.0220 0.0372 0.0113 0.0676 0.0206

0.0449 0.0137 0.0961 0.0293 0.0402 0.0123 0.0868 0.0265 0.0376 0.0115 0.0815 0.0248 0.0350 0.0107 0.0763 0.0233

0.0459 0.0140 0.0705 0.0215 0.0411 0.0125 0.0635 0.0193 0.0384 0.0117 0.0594 0.0181 0.0358 0.0109 0.0554 0.0169

0.0442 0.0135 0.0748 0.0228 0.0396 0.0121 0.0673 0.0205 0.0370 0.0113 0.0631 0.0192 0.0345 0.0105 0.0589 0.0179

0.0419 0.0128 0.0825 0.0252 0.0376 0.0114 0.0744 0.0227 0.0351 0.0107 0.0697 0.0213 0.0326 0.0099 0.0651 0.0199

0.0335 0.0102 0.0512 0.0156 0.0291 0.0089 0.0446 0.0136 0.0265 0.0081 0.0407 0.0124 0.0253 0.0077 0.0388 0.0118

0.0321 0.0098 0.0550 0.0168



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

16

2.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 63,980 29,0212.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 68,428 31,0392.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 73,507 33,343

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 59,750 27,1032.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 66,615 30,2162.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 71,260 32,3242.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 76,568 34,731

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 60,758 27,5592.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 67,741 30,7272.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 72,467 32,8712.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 77,867 35,320

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 62,281 28,2512.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 69,451 31,5032.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 74,305 33,7042.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 79,852 36,221

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 64,604 29,3042.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 72,058 32,6852.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 77,107 34,9752.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 82,880 37,594

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 83,154 37,7183.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 95,746 43,4303.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 120 4.72 105,061 47,6553.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 120 4.72 110,334 50,047

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 85,719 38,882

Grade 80

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


17

0.0085 0.0479 0.0146 0.0077 0.0438 0.0134 0.0074 0.0418 0.0127

0.0069 0.0338 0.0103 0.0056 0.0278 0.0085

ch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

3.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 98,723 44,780 0.02783.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 150 5.91 108,347 49,146 0.02543.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 150 5.91 113,797 51,618 0.0241

4.500 114.300 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 124,156 56,317 0.02254.500 114.300 0.250 6.350 150 5.91 151,428 68,687 0.0184






hartsD


Plastic Stretch


(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

0.2359 0.0719 0.4001 0.1219 0.2176 0.0663 0.3709 0.1130 0.2039 0.0621 0.3491 0.1064 0.1919 0.0585 0.3303 0.1007

0.2195 0.0669 0.4586 0.1398 0.2022 0.0616 0.4260 0.1298 0.1894 0.0577 0.4018 0.1225 0.1782 0.0543 0.3809 0.1161

0.1878 0.0572 0.7077 0.2157 0.1726 0.0526 0.6665 0.2031 0.1613 0.0492 0.6369 0.1941 0.1514 0.0461 0.6124 0.1867

0.1688 0.0515 0.2955 0.0901 0.1485 0.0453 0.2620 0.0799 0.1380 0.0421 0.2448 0.0746 0.1229 0.0374 0.2200 0.0670 0.1071 0.0327 0.1944 0.0593

0.1504 0.0458 0.3762 0.1147 0.1321 0.0403 0.3357 0.1023 0.1226 0.0374 0.3149 0.0960

18

Grade 90

CT OD Wall Rb Ft


1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 36 1.42 13,131 5,9561.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 36 1.42 14,232 6,4551.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 36 1.42 15,180 6,8851.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 36 1.42 16,114 7,309

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 48 1.89 13,790 6,2551.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 14,952 6,7821.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 48 1.89 15,954 7,2371.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 16,942 7,685

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 72 2.83 15,189 6,8901.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 16,484 7,4771.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 72 2.83 17,603 7,9841.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 18,708 8,486

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 18,285 8,2941.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 20,765 9,4191.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 22,330 10,1291.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 25,056 11,3651.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 28,688 13,013

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 19,745 8,9561.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 22,444 10,1811.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 24,150 10,955



hartsD


19

0.0332 0.2853 0.0870 0.0289 0.2553 0.0778

0.0392 0.6521 0.1988 0.0343 0.6058 0.1846 0.0317 0.5871 0.1789 0.0280 0.5508 0.1679 0.0245 0.4906 0.1495

0.0441 0.2271 0.0692 0.0387 0.2005 0.0611 0.0359 0.1868 0.0569 0.0320 0.1670 0.0509 0.0278 0.1465 0.0447

0.0401 0.2687 0.0819 0.0352 0.2380 0.0725 0.0327 0.2221 0.0677 0.0290 0.1993 0.0607 0.0252 0.1758 0.0536

0.0283 0.2263 0.0690 0.0263 0.2111 0.0644 0.0233 0.1894 0.0577

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

1.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 27,129 12,306 0.10891.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 31,110 14,111 0.0947

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 100 3.94 21,592 9,794 0.12861.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 24,573 11,146 0.11241.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 26,463 12,004 0.10391.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 29,772 13,504 0.09201.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 34,217 15,521 0.0804

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 21,630 9,811 0.14461.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 24,602 11,160 0.12701.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 26,484 12,013 0.11791.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 29,773 13,505 0.10481.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 34,178 15,503 0.0912

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 23,058 10,459 0.13161.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 26,243 11,904 0.11551.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 28,261 12,819 0.10721.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 31,794 14,422 0.09521.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 36,534 16,572 0.0827

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 32,023 14,525 0.09301.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 34,520 15,658 0.08621.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 38,903 17,646 0.0764


CT OD Wall Rb Ft Stre




hartsD


0.0662 0.0202 0.1670 0.0509 0.0595 0.0181 0.1524 0.0464

0.0866 0.0264 0.2762 0.0842 0.0802 0.0244 0.2587 0.0788 0.0710 0.0216 0.2336 0.0712 0.0614 0.0187 0.2080 0.0634 0.0551 0.0168 0.1917 0.0584

0.0753 0.0230 0.1261 0.0384 0.0653 0.0199 0.1101 0.0336 0.0587 0.0179 0.0995 0.0303 0.0549 0.0167 0.0936 0.0285 0.0512 0.0156 0.0876 0.0267

0.0693 0.0211 0.1474 0.0449 0.0600 0.0183 0.1291 0.0393 0.0539 0.0164 0.1171 0.0357 0.0504 0.0154 0.1103 0.0336 0.0470 0.0143 0.1036 0.0316

0.0650 0.0198 0.0992 0.0302 0.0563 0.0172 0.0863 0.0263 0.0505 0.0154 0.0777 0.0237



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

20

1.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 44,814 20,3281.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 49,813 22,595

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 120 4.72 33,487 15,1901.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 120 4.72 36,107 16,3781.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 40,711 18,4661.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 46,928 21,2861.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 52,193 23,674

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 41,204 18,6902.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 47,486 21,5392.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 52,801 23,9512.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 56,380 25,5742.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 72 2.83 60,450 27,420

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 43,572 19,7642.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 50,246 22,7922.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 55,902 25,3572.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 59,714 27,0862.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 64,054 29,055

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 48,287 21,9032.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 55,731 25,2792.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 62,050 28,146

Grade 90

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


21

0.0144 0.0729 0.0222

0.0185 0.1113 0.0339 0.0160 0.0970 0.0296 0.0144 0.0876 0.0267 0.0134 0.0822 0.0251

0.0176 0.1227 0.0374 0.0152 0.1071 0.0326 0.0136 0.0968 0.0295 0.0128 0.0910 0.0277

0.0147 0.0833 0.0254 0.0132 0.0751 0.0229 0.0124 0.0704 0.0215 0.0115 0.0658 0.0201

0.0141 0.0904 0.0276 0.0126 0.0816 0.0249 0.0118 0.0766 0.0233 0.0110 0.0716 0.0218

0.0132 0.1048 0.0319 0.0118 0.0948 0.0289

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

2.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 66,315 30,080 0.0473

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 50,617 22,960 0.06072.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 58,445 26,511 0.05252.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 65,097 29,528 0.04712.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 69,590 31,566 0.0440

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 52,320 23,732 0.05772.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 60,430 27,411 0.04992.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 67,326 30,539 0.04482.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 71,986 32,653 0.0419

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 63,929 28,998 0.04842.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 71,248 32,318 0.04342.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 76,197 34,563 0.04052.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 81,848 37,126 0.0377

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 65,891 29,888 0.04632.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 73,450 33,317 0.04152.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 78,564 35,636 0.03882.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 84,406 38,286 0.0361

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 68,909 31,257 0.04322.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 76,840 34,854 0.0387






hartsD


0.0362 0.0110 0.0891 0.0272 0.0336 0.0103 0.0835 0.0254

0.0448 0.0137 0.0731 0.0223 0.0402 0.0123 0.0658 0.0201 0.0376 0.0114 0.0616 0.0188 0.0349 0.0106 0.0575 0.0175

0.0431 0.0131 0.0784 0.0239 0.0386 0.0118 0.0706 0.0215 0.0360 0.0110 0.0662 0.0202 0.0335 0.0102 0.0618 0.0188

0.0405 0.0123 0.0885 0.0270 0.0363 0.0111 0.0799 0.0243 0.0339 0.0103 0.0749 0.0228 0.0315 0.0096 0.0701 0.0214

0.0328 0.0100 0.0530 0.0161 0.0285 0.0087 0.0462 0.0141 0.0259 0.0079 0.0422 0.0129 0.0247 0.0075 0.0403 0.0123

0.0312 0.0095 0.0577 0.0176



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

22

2.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 82,209 37,2902.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 88,346 40,073

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 69,422 31,4892.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 77,408 35,1122.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 82,814 37,5642.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 88,993 40,367

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 71,366 32,3712.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 79,591 36,1022.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 85,160 38,6282.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 91,527 41,517

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 74,344 33,7222.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 82,934 37,6192.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 88,754 40,2592.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 95,411 43,278

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 94,986 43,0853.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 109,383 49,6163.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 120 4.72 120,036 54,4483.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 120 4.72 126,067 57,184

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 98,259 44,570

Grade 90

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


23

0.0083 0.0504 0.0154 0.0075 0.0461 0.0140 0.0072 0.0440 0.0134

0.0067 0.0350 0.0107 0.0055 0.0288 0.0088

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

3.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 113,182 51,339 0.02713.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 150 5.91 124,231 56,351 0.02473.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 150 5.91 130,488 59,189 0.0235

4.500 114.300 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 141,757 64,300 0.02204.500 114.300 0.250 6.350 150 5.91 172,921 78,437 0.0180






hartsD


Plastic Stretch


(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

0.2303 0.0702 0.4174 0.1272 0.2123 0.0647 0.3871 0.1180 0.1989 0.0606 0.3647 0.1111 0.1872 0.0571 0.3452 0.1052

0.2124 0.0647 0.4927 0.1502 0.1957 0.0596 0.4584 0.1397 0.1832 0.0558 0.4329 0.1320 0.1723 0.0525 0.4109 0.1253

0.1760 0.0536 0.9475 0.2888 0.1613 0.0492 0.9156 0.2791 0.1504 0.0458 0.8930 0.2722 0.1416 0.0432 0.8500 0.2591

0.1646 0.0502 0.3095 0.0943 0.1447 0.0441 0.2747 0.0837 0.1345 0.0410 0.2568 0.0783 0.1197 0.0365 0.2310 0.0704 0.1043 0.0318 0.2045 0.0623

0.1444 0.0440 0.4195 0.1279 0.1268 0.0386 0.3759 0.1146 0.1176 0.0358 0.3536 0.1078

24

Grade 100

CT OD Wall Rb Ft


1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 36 1.42 14,832 6,7281.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 36 1.42 16,077 7,2921.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 36 1.42 17,150 7,7791.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 36 1.42 18,208 8,259

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 48 1.89 15,655 7,1011.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 16,978 7,7011.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 48 1.89 18,118 8,2181.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 19,244 8,729

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 72 2.83 17,437 7,9091.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 18,929 8,5861.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 72 2.83 20,221 9,1721.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 21,498 9,752

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 20,670 9,3761.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 23,478 10,6491.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 25,251 11,4541.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 28,341 12,8551.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 32,460 14,724

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 22,504 10,2081.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 25,588 11,6071.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 27,539 12,492



hartsD


25

0.0318 0.3222 0.0982 0.0276 0.2909 0.0887

0.0363 1.0849 0.3307 0.0320 0.9709 0.2959 0.0298 0.9095 0.2772 0.0266 0.8175 0.2492 0.0233 0.7177 0.2187

0.0431 0.2349 0.0716 0.0379 0.2075 0.0632 0.0352 0.1934 0.0589 0.0313 0.1730 0.0527 0.0272 0.1519 0.0463

0.0389 0.2876 0.0877 0.0341 0.2551 0.0777 0.0316 0.2383 0.0726 0.0281 0.2142 0.0653 0.0244 0.1895 0.0578

0.0273 0.2506 0.0764 0.0253 0.2342 0.0714 0.0224 0.2107 0.0642

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

1.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 30,947 14,038 0.10441.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 35,509 16,107 0.0906

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 100 3.94 24,882 11,287 0.11931.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 28,335 12,853 0.10501.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 30,527 13,847 0.09771.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 34,371 15,590 0.08721.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 39,550 17,940 0.0764

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 24,381 11,059 0.14161.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 27,736 12,581 0.12441.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 29,860 13,544 0.11551.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 33,573 15,229 0.10261.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 38,548 17,485 0.0893

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 26,164 11,868 0.12751.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 29,783 13,510 0.11191.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 32,078 14,551 0.10381.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 36,097 16,373 0.09211.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 41,493 18,821 0.0800

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 36,475 16,545 0.08941.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 39,325 17,838 0.08291.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 44,329 20,108 0.0734






hartsD


0.0636 0.0194 0.1866 0.0569 0.0570 0.0174 0.1710 0.0521

0.0821 0.0250 0.3338 0.1017 0.0760 0.0232 0.3142 0.0958 0.0672 0.0205 0.2867 0.0874 0.0580 0.0177 0.2596 0.0791 0.0519 0.0158 0.2436 0.0742

0.0735 0.0224 0.1314 0.0400 0.0637 0.0194 0.1148 0.0350 0.0573 0.0175 0.1038 0.0316 0.0536 0.0163 0.0977 0.0298 0.0500 0.0152 0.0915 0.0279

0.0671 0.0204 0.1588 0.0484 0.0580 0.0177 0.1394 0.0425 0.0521 0.0159 0.1267 0.0386 0.0487 0.0148 0.1195 0.0364 0.0454 0.0138 0.1124 0.0343

0.0637 0.0194 0.1023 0.0312 0.0552 0.0168 0.0890 0.0271 0.0495 0.0151 0.0803 0.0245



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

26

1.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 51,084 23,1711.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 56,800 25,764

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 120 4.72 38,339 17,3911.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 120 4.72 41,347 18,7551.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 46,634 21,1531.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 53,782 24,3951.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 59,842 27,144

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 46,525 21,1042.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 53,628 24,3252.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 59,640 27,0532.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 63,689 28,8892.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 72 2.83 68,296 30,979

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 49,486 22,4472.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 57,080 25,8922.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 63,520 28,8122.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 67,862 30,7822.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 72,808 33,025

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 54,386 24,6692.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 62,778 28,4762.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 69,904 31,708

Grade 100

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


27

0.0141 0.0753 0.0230

0.0180 0.1172 0.0357 0.0156 0.1023 0.0312 0.0140 0.0924 0.0282 0.0130 0.0868 0.0265

0.0170 0.1321 0.0403 0.0147 0.1156 0.0352 0.0132 0.1047 0.0319 0.0123 0.0985 0.0300

0.0144 0.0871 0.0265 0.0129 0.0785 0.0239 0.0121 0.0737 0.0225 0.0112 0.0689 0.0210

0.0137 0.0961 0.0293 0.0123 0.0868 0.0265 0.0115 0.0815 0.0248 0.0107 0.0763 0.0233

0.0127 0.1160 0.0353 0.0114 0.1051 0.0320

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

2.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 74,714 33,890 0.0463

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 57,287 25,985 0.05902.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 66,158 30,009 0.05112.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 73,699 33,430 0.04582.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 78,794 35,741 0.0428

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 59,419 26,952 0.05592.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 68,645 31,137 0.04832.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 76,492 34,697 0.04332.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 81,798 37,103 0.0404

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 72,239 32,767 0.04722.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 80,518 36,523 0.04232.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 86,118 39,063 0.03952.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 92,515 41,964 0.0368

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 74,688 33,878 0.04492.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 83,269 37,770 0.04022.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 89,075 40,404 0.03762.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 95,711 43,414 0.0350

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 78,484 35,600 0.04162.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 87,534 39,705 0.0372






hartsD


0.0348 0.0106 0.0990 0.0302 0.0323 0.0099 0.0929 0.0283

0.0438 0.0134 0.0759 0.0231 0.0393 0.0120 0.0684 0.0208 0.0367 0.0112 0.0641 0.0195 0.0341 0.0104 0.0598 0.0182

0.0419 0.0128 0.0825 0.0252 0.0376 0.0114 0.0744 0.0227 0.0351 0.0107 0.0697 0.0213 0.0326 0.0099 0.0651 0.0199

0.0391 0.0119 0.0959 0.0292 0.0350 0.0107 0.0866 0.0264 0.0327 0.0100 0.0813 0.0248 0.0304 0.0093 0.0761 0.0232

0.0321 0.0098 0.0550 0.0168 0.0278 0.0085 0.0479 0.0146 0.0254 0.0077 0.0438 0.0134 0.0241 0.0074 0.0418 0.0127

0.0304 0.0093 0.0609 0.0186



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

28

2.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 93,663 42,4852.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 100,671 45,664

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 78,332 35,5312.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 87,352 39,6232.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 93,459 42,3932.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 100,440 45,559

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 80,755 36,6302.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 90,073 40,8572.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 96,383 43,7192.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 103,600 46,993

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 84,486 38,3222.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 94,263 42,7572.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 100,889 45,7632.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 108,470 49,202

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 107,148 48,6023.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 123,403 55,9753.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 120 4.72 135,434 61,4323.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 120 4.72 142,247 64,523

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 111,228 50,453

Grade 100

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


29

0.0080 0.0532 0.0162 0.0073 0.0487 0.0148 0.0070 0.0465 0.0142

0.0066 0.0362 0.0110 0.0054 0.0299 0.0091

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

3.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 128,140 58,124 0.02633.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 150 5.91 140,664 63,805 0.02403.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 150 5.91 147,759 67,023 0.0228

4.500 114.300 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 159,835 72,500 0.02164.500 114.300 0.250 6.350 150 5.91 195,003 88,453 0.0177






hartsD


Plastic Stretch


(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

0.2248 0.0685 0.4367 0.1331 0.2072 0.0632 0.4054 0.1235 0.1941 0.0592 0.3821 0.1164 0.1827 0.0557 0.3619 0.1103

0.2054 0.0626 0.5347 0.1630 0.1892 0.0577 0.4984 0.1519 0.1770 0.0540 0.4716 0.1437 0.1664 0.0507 0.4485 0.1367

0.1654 0.0504 1.4439 0.4401 0.1527 0.0465 1.3443 0.4097 0.1433 0.0437 1.2678 0.3864 0.1351 0.0412 1.1995 0.3656

0.1604 0.0489 0.3253 0.0991 0.1411 0.0430 0.2890 0.0881 0.1310 0.0399 0.2704 0.0824 0.1166 0.0355 0.2436 0.0742 0.1015 0.0309 0.2162 0.0659

0.1384 0.0422 0.4804 0.1464 0.1213 0.0370 0.4334 0.1321 0.1125 0.0343 0.4098 0.1249

30

Grade 110

CT OD Wall Rb Ft


1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 36 1.42 16,583 7,5221.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 36 1.42 17,978 8,1551.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 36 1.42 19,180 8,7001.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 36 1.42 20,366 9,238

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 48 1.89 17,594 7,9811.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 19,084 8,6561.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 48 1.89 20,370 9,2401.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 21,639 9,815

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 72 2.83 19,830 8,9951.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 21,537 9,7691.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 72 2.83 23,014 10,4391.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 24,478 11,103

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 23,129 10,4911.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 26,277 11,9191.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 28,265 12,8211.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 31,731 14,3931.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 36,356 16,491

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 25,393 11,5181.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 28,882 13,1011.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 31,091 14,103



hartsD


31

0.0304 0.3771 0.1149 0.0263 0.3465 0.1056

0.0340 2.8360 0.8644 0.0300 2.4867 0.7579 0.0280 2.3043 0.7023 0.0250 2.0384 0.6213 0.0219 1.7593 0.5362

0.0423 0.2434 0.0742 0.0371 0.2152 0.0656 0.0344 0.2006 0.0611 0.0306 0.1796 0.0547 0.0266 0.1579 0.0481

0.0376 0.3105 0.0946 0.0330 0.2759 0.0841 0.0306 0.2581 0.0787 0.0271 0.2326 0.0709 0.0236 0.2065 0.0629

0.0262 0.2838 0.0865 0.0242 0.2660 0.0811 0.0214 0.2405 0.0733

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

1.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 34,954 15,855 0.09971.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 40,131 18,203 0.0863

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 100 3.94 28,424 12,893 0.11171.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 32,393 14,694 0.09851.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 34,918 15,838 0.09181.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 39,355 17,851 0.08201.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 45,360 20,575 0.0719

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 27,205 12,340 0.13861.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 30,952 14,040 0.12181.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 33,325 15,116 0.11301.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 37,475 16,999 0.10041.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 43,039 19,522 0.0873

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 29,388 13,330 0.12341.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 33,461 15,178 0.10831.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 36,044 16,350 0.10041.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 40,569 18,402 0.08911.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 46,651 21,161 0.0773

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 41,133 18,658 0.08581.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 44,352 20,118 0.07951.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 50,010 22,684 0.0704






hartsD


0.0609 0.0185 0.2146 0.0654 0.0546 0.0166 0.1981 0.0604

0.0772 0.0235 0.4514 0.1376 0.0713 0.0217 0.4317 0.1316 0.0628 0.0191 0.4086 0.1245 0.0543 0.0165 0.3757 0.1145 0.0488 0.0149 0.3441 0.1049

0.0718 0.0219 0.1372 0.0418 0.0622 0.0190 0.1200 0.0366 0.0559 0.0170 0.1086 0.0331 0.0523 0.0159 0.1022 0.0312 0.0487 0.0149 0.0959 0.0292

0.0648 0.0198 0.1730 0.0527 0.0561 0.0171 0.1523 0.0464 0.0503 0.0153 0.1387 0.0423 0.0470 0.0143 0.1311 0.0400 0.0438 0.0133 0.1237 0.0377

0.0625 0.0190 0.1057 0.0322 0.0541 0.0165 0.0920 0.0280 0.0485 0.0148 0.0830 0.0253



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

32

1.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 57,652 26,1511.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 64,124 29,087

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 120 4.72 43,472 19,7191.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 120 4.72 46,891 21,2701.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 52,907 23,9991.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 61,050 27,6921.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 67,963 30,828

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 52,002 23,5882.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 59,951 27,1942.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 66,684 30,2482.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 71,219 32,3052.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 72 2.83 76,380 34,646

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 55,636 25,2362.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 64,192 29,1172.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 71,450 32,4102.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 76,347 34,6312.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 81,927 37,162

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 60,637 27,5052.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 70,002 31,7532.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 77,956 35,361

Grade 110

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


33

0.0138 0.0779 0.0237

0.0175 0.1241 0.0378 0.0151 0.1084 0.0330 0.0136 0.0980 0.0299 0.0127 0.0922 0.0281

0.0165 0.1439 0.0439 0.0142 0.1262 0.0384 0.0127 0.1145 0.0349 0.0119 0.1079 0.0329

0.0140 0.0913 0.0278 0.0126 0.0824 0.0251 0.0118 0.0773 0.0236 0.0109 0.0723 0.0220

0.0133 0.1029 0.0314 0.0119 0.0930 0.0284 0.0111 0.0874 0.0266 0.0103 0.0819 0.0250

0.0122 0.1312 0.0400 0.0109 0.1193 0.0364

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

2.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 83,327 37,797 0.0454

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 64,180 29,112 0.05742.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 74,132 33,626 0.04972.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 82,594 37,464 0.04452.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 88,313 40,059 0.0416

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 66,803 30,302 0.05402.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 77,192 35,014 0.04672.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 86,033 39,024 0.04182.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 92,013 41,737 0.0391

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 80,802 36,652 0.04602.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 90,074 40,857 0.04132.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 96,347 43,703 0.03862.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 103,513 46,953 0.0359

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 83,805 38,014 0.04362.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 93,448 42,388 0.03902.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 99,974 45,348 0.03652.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 107,434 48,732 0.0339

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 88,498 40,142 0.03992.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 98,723 44,780 0.0357






hartsD


0.0334 0.0102 0.1126 0.0343 0.0310 0.0094 0.1061 0.0323

0.0429 0.0131 0.0791 0.0241 0.0384 0.0117 0.0712 0.0217 0.0359 0.0109 0.0667 0.0203 0.0334 0.0102 0.0623 0.0190

0.0408 0.0124 0.0872 0.0266 0.0365 0.0111 0.0787 0.0240 0.0341 0.0104 0.0738 0.0225 0.0317 0.0097 0.0690 0.0210

0.0378 0.0115 0.1052 0.0320 0.0338 0.0103 0.0951 0.0290 0.0316 0.0096 0.0895 0.0273 0.0293 0.0089 0.0839 0.0256

0.0314 0.0096 0.0571 0.0174 0.0272 0.0083 0.0499 0.0152 0.0248 0.0076 0.0456 0.0139 0.0236 0.0072 0.0435 0.0133

0.0295 0.0090 0.0645 0.0197



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

34

2.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 105,650 47,9232.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 113,574 51,517

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 87,492 39,6862.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 97,577 44,2612.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 104,406 47,3582.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 112,214 50,900

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 90,455 41,0302.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 100,904 45,7702.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 107,983 48,9812.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 116,079 52,653

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 95,046 43,1132.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 106,063 48,1102.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 113,531 51,4972.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 122,077 55,374

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 119,646 54,2713.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 137,814 62,5123.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 120 4.72 151,263 68,6123.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 120 4.72 158,880 72,068

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 124,635 56,534

Grade 110

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


35

0.0078 0.0564 0.0172 0.0071 0.0517 0.0158 0.0068 0.0494 0.0150

0.0064 0.0376 0.0115 0.0053 0.0310 0.0094

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

3.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 143,608 65,140 0.02563.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 150 5.91 157,662 71,515 0.02333.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 150 5.91 165,625 75,127 0.0222

4.500 114.300 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 178,396 80,920 0.02114.500 114.300 0.250 6.350 150 5.91 217,681 98,740 0.0173






hartsD


Plastic Stretch


(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

0.2195 0.0669 0.4586 0.1398 0.2022 0.0616 0.4260 0.1298 0.1894 0.0577 0.4018 0.1225 0.1782 0.0543 0.3809 0.1161

0.1985 0.0605 0.5883 0.1793 0.1827 0.0557 0.5499 0.1676 0.1709 0.0521 0.5217 0.1590 0.1606 0.0489 0.4975 0.1516

0.1567 0.0477 2.8211 0.8598 0.1448 0.0441 2.5994 0.7922 0.1359 0.0414 2.4321 0.7413 0.1282 0.0391 2.2850 0.6964

0.1564 0.0477 0.3433 0.1046 0.1374 0.0419 0.3055 0.0931 0.1276 0.0389 0.2860 0.0872 0.1135 0.0346 0.2582 0.0787 0.0988 0.0301 0.2298 0.0700

0.1321 0.0402 0.5764 0.1757 0.1156 0.0352 0.5274 0.1607 0.1070 0.0326 0.5041 0.1536

36

Grade 120

CT OD Wall Rb Ft


1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 36 1.42 18,386 8,3401.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 36 1.42 19,936 9,0431.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 36 1.42 21,272 9,6491.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 36 1.42 22,589 10,246

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 48 1.89 19,609 8,8951.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 21,274 9,6501.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 48 1.89 22,711 10,3021.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 24,131 10,946

1.000 25.400 0.087 2.210 72 2.83 22,391 10,1561.000 25.400 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 24,330 11,0361.000 25.400 0.102 2.591 72 2.83 26,011 11,7991.000 25.400 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 27,679 12,555

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 25,666 11,6421.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 29,164 13,2291.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 31,375 14,2321.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 35,231 15,9811.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 40,380 18,316

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 28,420 12,8911.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 32,337 14,6681.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 34,820 15,794



hartsD


37

0.0288 0.4757 0.1450 0.0250 0.4420 0.1347

0.0327 0.1074 0.0327 0.0289 0.0948 0.0289 0.0269 0.0883 0.0269 0.0240 0.0788 0.0240 0.0211 0.0691 0.0211

0.0414 0.2528 0.0770 0.0363 0.2236 0.0681 0.0337 0.2085 0.0636 0.0300 0.1868 0.0569 0.0260 0.1645 0.0501

0.0364 0.3393 0.1034 0.0319 0.3023 0.0921 0.0296 0.2833 0.0863 0.0262 0.2562 0.0781 0.0227 0.2286 0.0697

0.0250 0.3338 0.1017 0.0232 0.3142 0.0958 0.0205 0.2867 0.0874

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

1.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 39,164 17,764 0.09451.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 44,994 20,409 0.0819

1.250 31.750 0.095 2.413 100 3.94 32,273 14,639 0.10741.250 31.750 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 36,818 16,701 0.09481.250 31.750 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 39,717 18,016 0.08831.250 31.750 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 44,833 20,336 0.07881.250 31.750 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 51,817 23,504 0.0691

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 48 1.89 30,102 13,654 0.13581.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 48 1.89 34,252 15,537 0.11921.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 48 1.89 36,882 16,730 0.11071.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 48 1.89 41,482 18,816 0.09831.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 48 1.89 47,651 21,614 0.0854

1.500 38.100 0.095 2.413 72 2.83 32,736 14,849 0.11941.500 38.100 0.109 2.769 72 2.83 37,281 16,911 0.10471.500 38.100 0.118 2.997 72 2.83 40,165 18,219 0.09711.500 38.100 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 45,219 20,511 0.08601.500 38.100 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 52,017 23,595 0.0746

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 100 3.94 46,007 20,869 0.08211.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 100 3.94 49,616 22,506 0.07601.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 55,961 25,384 0.0672






hartsD


0.0580 0.0177 0.2596 0.0791 0.0519 0.0158 0.2436 0.0742

0.0720 0.0220 0.7747 0.2361 0.0669 0.0204 0.7262 0.2213 0.0594 0.0181 0.6535 0.1992 0.0517 0.0157 0.5745 0.1751 0.0466 0.0142 0.5202 0.1585

0.0702 0.0214 0.1438 0.0438 0.0608 0.0185 0.1259 0.0384 0.0546 0.0166 0.1141 0.0348 0.0511 0.0156 0.1074 0.0327 0.0476 0.0145 0.1009 0.0307

0.0626 0.0191 0.1914 0.0583 0.0541 0.0165 0.1692 0.0516 0.0485 0.0148 0.1547 0.0471 0.0453 0.0138 0.1466 0.0447 0.0421 0.0128 0.1388 0.0423

0.0613 0.0187 0.1093 0.0333 0.0530 0.0162 0.0952 0.0290 0.0476 0.0145 0.0860 0.0262



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

38

1.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 64,538 29,2741.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 71,811 32,573

1.750 44.450 0.109 2.769 120 4.72 48,914 22,1871.750 44.450 0.118 2.997 120 4.72 52,774 23,9381.750 44.450 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 59,571 27,0211.750 44.450 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 68,783 31,2001.750 44.450 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 76,618 34,753

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 57,638 26,1442.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 66,461 30,1462.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 73,936 33,5372.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 78,973 35,8222.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 72 2.83 84,707 38,423

2.000 50.800 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 62,034 28,1392.000 50.800 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 71,593 32,4742.000 50.800 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 79,708 36,1552.000 50.800 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 85,185 38,6402.000 50.800 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 91,430 41,472

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 72 2.83 67,041 30,4102.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 72 2.83 77,405 35,1112.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 72 2.83 86,209 39,104

Grade 120

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


39

0.0136 0.0807 0.0246

0.0170 0.1321 0.0403 0.0147 0.1156 0.0352 0.0132 0.1047 0.0319 0.0123 0.0985 0.0300

0.0159 0.1591 0.0485 0.0137 0.1399 0.0427 0.0123 0.1274 0.0388 0.0115 0.1203 0.0367

0.0137 0.0961 0.0293 0.0123 0.0868 0.0265 0.0115 0.0815 0.0248 0.0107 0.0763 0.0233

0.0129 0.1111 0.0339 0.0115 0.1006 0.0307 0.0108 0.0947 0.0289 0.0100 0.0888 0.0271

0.0116 0.1539 0.0469 0.0104 0.1409 0.0429

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

2.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 72 2.83 92,156 41,802 0.0445

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 100 3.94 71,303 32,343 0.05592.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 82,374 37,365 0.04832.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 91,791 41,636 0.04332.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 98,158 44,524 0.0404

2.375 60.325 0.134 3.404 120 4.72 74,484 33,786 0.05212.375 60.325 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 86,086 39,048 0.04502.375 60.325 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 95,965 43,530 0.04032.375 60.325 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 102,649 46,561 0.0376

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 89,626 40,654 0.04492.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 99,923 45,325 0.04022.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 106,891 48,485 0.03762.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 114,853 52,097 0.0350

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 93,253 42,299 0.04222.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 103,998 47,173 0.03782.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 111,274 50,474 0.03532.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 119,592 54,247 0.0328

2.625 66.675 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 98,977 44,896 0.03822.625 66.675 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 110,437 50,094 0.0342






hartsD


0.0319 0.0097 0.1336 0.0407 0.0296 0.0090 0.1265 0.0386

0.0419 0.0128 0.0825 0.0252 0.0376 0.0114 0.0744 0.0227 0.0351 0.0107 0.0697 0.0213 0.0326 0.0099 0.0651 0.0199

0.0397 0.0121 0.0927 0.0283 0.0355 0.0108 0.0837 0.0255 0.0332 0.0101 0.0786 0.0240 0.0309 0.0094 0.0735 0.0224

0.0364 0.0111 0.1174 0.0358 0.0326 0.0099 0.1065 0.0325 0.0304 0.0093 0.1004 0.0306 0.0282 0.0086 0.0944 0.0288

0.0307 0.0094 0.0596 0.0182 0.0266 0.0081 0.0520 0.0159 0.0243 0.0074 0.0476 0.0145 0.0231 0.0070 0.0454 0.0138

0.0287 0.0088 0.0688 0.0210



(ft *) (m **) (ft *) (m **)

40

2.625 66.675 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 118,204 53,6172.625 66.675 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 127,092 57,649

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 100 3.94 96,906 43,9562.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 100 3.94 108,087 49,0282.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 100 3.94 115,660 52,4632.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 100 3.94 124,320 56,391

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 120 4.72 100,474 45,5752.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 112,095 50,8462.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 120 4.72 119,969 54,4182.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 128,977 58,504

2.875 73.025 0.156 3.962 150 5.91 106,045 48,1022.875 73.025 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 118,356 53,6862.875 73.025 0.188 4.775 150 5.91 126,704 57,4732.875 73.025 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 136,261 61,808

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 120 4.72 132,485 60,0953.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 120 4.72 152,620 69,2283.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 120 4.72 167,530 75,9913.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 120 4.72 175,976 79,822

3.500 88.900 0.175 4.445 150 5.91 138,494 62,821

Grade 120

CT OD Wall Rb Ft




hartsD


41

0.0076 0.0602 0.0184 0.0069 0.0552 0.0168 0.0066 0.0528 0.0161

0.0063 0.0391 0.0119 0.0052 0.0323 0.0098

tch <Ft Stretch >Ft

(m **) (ft *) (m **)

3.500 88.900 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 159,600 72,394 0.02493.500 88.900 0.224 5.690 150 5.91 175,240 79,488 0.02273.500 88.900 0.236 5.994 150 5.91 184,104 83,509 0.0216

4.500 114.300 0.203 5.156 150 5.91 197,450 89,563 0.02074.500 114.300 0.250 6.350 150 5.91 240,966 #### 0.0169






hartsD

epth Correction & Stuck PointElongation Due to Pressure - Poisson Effect

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

0 feet

0.044 0.004 -0.037 -0.078 -0.0340.044 -0.002 -0.048 -0.094 -0.0500.044 -0.007 -0.059 -0.111 -0.0660.044 -0.013 -0.070 -0.127 -0.0830.044 -0.018 -0.081 -0.143 -0.0990.044 -0.024 -0.092 -0.160 -0.1150.044 -0.029 -0.103 -0.176 -0.1320.044 -0.035 -0.114 -0.193 -0.1480.044 -0.040 -0.125 -0.209 -0.1650.044 -0.046 -0.136 -0.226 -0.1810.044 -0.051 -0.147 -0.242 -0.1980.044 -0.057 -0.158 -0.259 -0.2140.044 -0.062 -0.169 -0.275 -0.2310.044 -0.068 -0.180 -0.292 -0.2470.044 -0.073 -0.191 -0.308 -0.2640.044 -0.079 -0.202 -0.325 -0.2800.044 -0.084 -0.213 -0.341 -0.2970.044 -0.090 -0.224 -0.358 -0.3130.044 -0.095 -0.235 -0.375 -0.3300.044 -0.101 -0.246 -0.391 -0.3470.044 -0.106 -0.257 -0.408 -0.3630.044 -0.112 -0.268 -0.424 -0.3800.044 -0.117 -0.279 -0.441 -0.3960.044 -0.123 -0.290 -0.458 -0.4130.044 -0.128 -0.301 -0.474 -0.4300.044 -0.134 -0.312 -0.491 -0.4460.044 -0.139 -0.323 -0.507 -0.463

42

English Units

Po (psi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000

Pi (psi) 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 0

OD/Wall Feet of Stretch per 1,00

6.5 0.000 -0.041 -0.082 -0.123 -0.164 -0.205 0.0857.0 0.000 -0.046 -0.093 -0.139 -0.185 -0.231 0.0917.5 0.000 -0.052 -0.103 -0.155 -0.207 -0.259 0.0968.0 0.000 -0.057 -0.114 -0.171 -0.229 -0.286 0.1028.5 0.000 -0.063 -0.125 -0.188 -0.250 -0.313 0.1079.0 0.000 -0.068 -0.136 -0.204 -0.272 -0.340 0.1139.5 0.000 -0.074 -0.147 -0.221 -0.294 -0.368 0.11810.0 0.000 -0.079 -0.158 -0.237 -0.316 -0.395 0.12310.5 0.000 -0.085 -0.169 -0.254 -0.338 -0.423 0.12911.0 0.000 -0.090 -0.180 -0.270 -0.360 -0.450 0.13411.5 0.000 -0.096 -0.191 -0.287 -0.382 -0.478 0.14012.0 0.000 -0.101 -0.202 -0.303 -0.404 -0.505 0.14512.5 0.000 -0.107 -0.213 -0.320 -0.426 -0.533 0.15113.0 0.000 -0.112 -0.224 -0.336 -0.448 -0.560 0.15613.5 0.000 -0.118 -0.235 -0.353 -0.470 -0.588 0.16214.0 0.000 -0.123 -0.246 -0.369 -0.492 -0.615 0.16814.5 0.000 -0.129 -0.257 -0.386 -0.514 -0.643 0.17315.0 0.000 -0.134 -0.268 -0.402 -0.537 -0.671 0.17915.5 0.000 -0.140 -0.279 -0.419 -0.559 -0.698 0.18416.0 0.000 -0.145 -0.290 -0.436 -0.581 -0.726 0.19016.5 0.000 -0.151 -0.301 -0.452 -0.603 -0.754 0.19517.0 0.000 -0.156 -0.313 -0.469 -0.625 -0.781 0.20117.5 0.000 -0.162 -0.324 -0.485 -0.647 -0.809 0.20618.0 0.000 -0.167 -0.335 -0.502 -0.669 -0.837 0.21218.5 0.000 -0.173 -0.346 -0.519 -0.691 -0.864 0.21719.0 0.000 -0.178 -0.357 -0.535 -0.714 -0.892 0.22319.5 0.000 -0.184 -0.368 -0.552 -0.736 -0.920 0.228


hartsD


43

0 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000

0 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

0.003 -0.027 -0.057 -0.086-0.001 -0.035 -0.068 -0.102-0.005 -0.043 -0.080 -0.118-0.009 -0.051 -0.092 -0.134-0.013 -0.059 -0.104 -0.149-0.017 -0.066 -0.116 -0.165-0.021 -0.074 -0.128 -0.181-0.025 -0.082 -0.140 -0.197-0.029 -0.090 -0.152 -0.213-0.033 -0.098 -0.164 -0.229-0.037 -0.106 -0.176 -0.245-0.041 -0.114 -0.188 -0.261-0.045 -0.122 -0.200 -0.277-0.049 -0.130 -0.212 -0.293-0.053 -0.138 -0.224 -0.309-0.057 -0.146 -0.236 -0.325-0.061 -0.154 -0.248 -0.341-0.065 -0.162 -0.260 -0.357-0.069 -0.170 -0.272 -0.373-0.073 -0.178 -0.284 -0.389-0.077 -0.186 -0.296 -0.405-0.081 -0.194 -0.308 -0.421-0.085 -0.202 -0.320 -0.437-0.089 -0.210 -0.332 -0.453-0.093 -0.218 -0.344 -0.469-0.097 -0.227 -0.356 -0.485-0.101 -0.235 -0.368 -0.501

Elongation Due to Pressure - Poisson EffectMetric Units

Po (kPa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,000 10,00

Pi (kPa) 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 0 10,00

OD/Wall Meters of Stretch per 1,000 meters

6.5 0.000 -0.030 -0.059 -0.089 -0.119 -0.148 0.062 0.0327.0 0.000 -0.034 -0.067 -0.101 -0.134 -0.168 0.066 0.0327.5 0.000 -0.037 -0.075 -0.112 -0.150 -0.187 0.070 0.0328.0 0.000 -0.041 -0.083 -0.124 -0.166 -0.207 0.074 0.0328.5 0.000 -0.045 -0.091 -0.136 -0.182 -0.227 0.078 0.0329.0 0.000 -0.049 -0.099 -0.148 -0.197 -0.247 0.082 0.0329.5 0.000 -0.053 -0.107 -0.160 -0.213 -0.267 0.086 0.03210.0 0.000 -0.057 -0.115 -0.172 -0.229 -0.286 0.090 0.03210.5 0.000 -0.061 -0.123 -0.184 -0.245 -0.306 0.094 0.03211.0 0.000 -0.065 -0.131 -0.196 -0.261 -0.326 0.097 0.03211.5 0.000 -0.069 -0.139 -0.208 -0.277 -0.346 0.101 0.03212.0 0.000 -0.073 -0.147 -0.220 -0.293 -0.366 0.105 0.03212.5 0.000 -0.077 -0.154 -0.232 -0.309 -0.386 0.109 0.03213.0 0.000 -0.081 -0.162 -0.244 -0.325 -0.406 0.113 0.03213.5 0.000 -0.085 -0.171 -0.256 -0.341 -0.426 0.117 0.03214.0 0.000 -0.089 -0.179 -0.268 -0.357 -0.446 0.121 0.03214.5 0.000 -0.093 -0.187 -0.280 -0.373 -0.466 0.125 0.03215.0 0.000 -0.097 -0.195 -0.292 -0.389 -0.486 0.129 0.03215.5 0.000 -0.101 -0.203 -0.304 -0.405 -0.506 0.134 0.03216.0 0.000 -0.105 -0.211 -0.316 -0.421 -0.526 0.138 0.03216.5 0.000 -0.109 -0.219 -0.328 -0.437 -0.546 0.142 0.03217.0 0.000 -0.113 -0.227 -0.340 -0.453 -0.567 0.146 0.03217.5 0.000 -0.117 -0.235 -0.352 -0.469 -0.587 0.150 0.03218.0 0.000 -0.121 -0.243 -0.364 -0.485 -0.607 0.154 0.03218.5 0.000 -0.125 -0.251 -0.376 -0.501 -0.627 0.158 0.03219.0 0.000 -0.129 -0.259 -0.388 -0.517 -0.647 0.162 0.03219.5 0.000 -0.133 -0.267 -0.400 -0.534 -0.667 0.166 0.032


hartsD


10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

0 feet

0.386 0.345 0.304 0.263 0.2220.407 0.361 0.315 0.269 0.2220.429 0.377 0.326 0.274 0.2220.451 0.394 0.337 0.279 0.2220.473 0.410 0.347 0.285 0.2220.494 0.426 0.358 0.290 0.2220.516 0.443 0.369 0.296 0.2220.538 0.459 0.380 0.301 0.2220.560 0.476 0.391 0.307 0.2220.582 0.492 0.402 0.312 0.2220.604 0.509 0.413 0.318 0.2220.626 0.525 0.424 0.323 0.2220.648 0.542 0.435 0.329 0.2220.670 0.558 0.446 0.334 0.2220.692 0.575 0.457 0.340 0.2220.715 0.591 0.468 0.345 0.2220.737 0.608 0.479 0.351 0.2220.759 0.625 0.490 0.356 0.2220.781 0.641 0.502 0.362 0.2220.803 0.658 0.513 0.367 0.2220.825 0.674 0.524 0.373 0.2220.847 0.691 0.535 0.378 0.2220.869 0.708 0.546 0.384 0.2220.892 0.724 0.557 0.390 0.2220.914 0.741 0.568 0.395 0.2220.936 0.757 0.579 0.401 0.2220.958 0.774 0.590 0.406 0.222

44

English Units

Po (psi) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 10,000 Pi (psi) 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 0

OD/Wall Feet of Stretch per 1,00

6.5 0.341 0.301 0.260 0.219 0.178 0.137 0.4277.0 0.363 0.317 0.270 0.224 0.178 0.131 0.4547.5 0.385 0.333 0.281 0.229 0.178 0.126 0.4818.0 0.406 0.349 0.292 0.235 0.178 0.121 0.5088.5 0.428 0.366 0.303 0.240 0.178 0.115 0.5359.0 0.450 0.382 0.314 0.246 0.178 0.110 0.5639.5 0.472 0.398 0.325 0.251 0.178 0.104 0.59010.0 0.494 0.415 0.336 0.257 0.178 0.099 0.61710.5 0.516 0.431 0.347 0.262 0.178 0.093 0.64511.0 0.538 0.448 0.358 0.268 0.178 0.088 0.67211.5 0.560 0.464 0.369 0.273 0.178 0.082 0.70012.0 0.582 0.481 0.380 0.279 0.178 0.077 0.72712.5 0.604 0.497 0.391 0.284 0.178 0.071 0.75513.0 0.626 0.514 0.402 0.290 0.178 0.066 0.78213.5 0.648 0.530 0.413 0.295 0.178 0.060 0.81014.0 0.670 0.547 0.424 0.301 0.178 0.055 0.83814.5 0.692 0.564 0.435 0.306 0.178 0.049 0.86515.0 0.714 0.580 0.446 0.312 0.178 0.044 0.89315.5 0.736 0.597 0.457 0.317 0.178 0.038 0.92016.0 0.759 0.613 0.468 0.323 0.178 0.033 0.94816.5 0.781 0.630 0.479 0.328 0.178 0.027 0.97617.0 0.803 0.647 0.490 0.334 0.178 0.022 1.00317.5 0.825 0.663 0.501 0.340 0.178 0.016 1.03118.0 0.847 0.680 0.512 0.345 0.178 0.010 1.05918.5 0.869 0.696 0.523 0.351 0.178 0.005 1.08719.0 0.891 0.713 0.535 0.356 0.178 -0.001 1.11419.5 0.914 0.730 0.546 0.362 0.178 -0.006 1.142


hartsD


45

0 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000

0 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

0.126 0.097 0.067 0.0370.130 0.097 0.063 0.0300.134 0.097 0.059 0.0220.138 0.097 0.055 0.0140.142 0.097 0.051 0.0060.146 0.097 0.047 -0.0020.150 0.097 0.043 -0.0100.154 0.097 0.039 -0.0180.158 0.097 0.035 -0.0260.162 0.097 0.031 -0.0340.166 0.097 0.027 -0.0420.170 0.097 0.023 -0.0500.174 0.097 0.019 -0.0580.178 0.097 0.015 -0.0660.182 0.097 0.011 -0.0740.186 0.097 0.007 -0.0820.190 0.097 0.003 -0.0900.194 0.097 -0.001 -0.0980.198 0.097 -0.005 -0.1060.202 0.097 -0.009 -0.1140.206 0.097 -0.013 -0.1220.210 0.097 -0.017 -0.1300.214 0.097 -0.021 -0.1380.218 0.097 -0.025 -0.1460.222 0.097 -0.029 -0.1540.226 0.097 -0.033 -0.1620.230 0.097 -0.037 -0.170


Po (kPa) 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 30,000 30,00

Pi (kPa) 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 0 10,00


6.5 0.124 0.094 0.064 0.035 0.005 -0.025 0.186 0.1567.0 0.132 0.098 0.064 0.031 -0.003 -0.036 0.197 0.1647.5 0.139 0.102 0.064 0.027 -0.011 -0.048 0.209 0.1728.0 0.147 0.106 0.064 0.023 -0.018 -0.060 0.221 0.1808.5 0.155 0.110 0.064 0.019 -0.026 -0.072 0.233 0.1879.0 0.163 0.114 0.064 0.015 -0.034 -0.084 0.245 0.1959.5 0.171 0.118 0.064 0.011 -0.042 -0.096 0.257 0.20310.0 0.179 0.122 0.064 0.007 -0.050 -0.107 0.269 0.21110.5 0.187 0.126 0.064 0.003 -0.058 -0.119 0.281 0.21911.0 0.195 0.130 0.064 -0.001 -0.066 -0.131 0.292 0.22711.5 0.203 0.134 0.064 -0.005 -0.074 -0.143 0.304 0.23512.0 0.211 0.138 0.064 -0.009 -0.082 -0.155 0.316 0.24312.5 0.219 0.142 0.064 -0.013 -0.090 -0.167 0.328 0.25113.0 0.227 0.146 0.064 -0.017 -0.098 -0.179 0.340 0.25913.5 0.235 0.150 0.064 -0.021 -0.106 -0.191 0.352 0.26714.0 0.243 0.154 0.064 -0.025 -0.114 -0.203 0.364 0.27514.5 0.251 0.158 0.064 -0.029 -0.122 -0.215 0.376 0.28315.0 0.259 0.162 0.064 -0.033 -0.130 -0.227 0.388 0.29115.5 0.267 0.166 0.064 -0.037 -0.138 -0.239 0.401 0.29916.0 0.275 0.170 0.064 -0.041 -0.146 -0.251 0.413 0.30716.5 0.283 0.174 0.064 -0.045 -0.154 -0.263 0.425 0.31517.0 0.291 0.178 0.064 -0.049 -0.162 -0.275 0.437 0.32317.5 0.299 0.182 0.064 -0.053 -0.170 -0.288 0.449 0.33118.0 0.307 0.186 0.064 -0.057 -0.178 -0.300 0.461 0.33918.5 0.315 0.190 0.064 -0.061 -0.186 -0.312 0.473 0.34719.0 0.323 0.194 0.064 -0.065 -0.194 -0.324 0.485 0.35519.5 0.331 0.198 0.064 -0.069 -0.202 -0.336 0.497 0.363


hartsD


6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,0002,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

0 feet

0.215 0.174 0.133 0.092 0.0520.226 0.180 0.133 0.087 0.0410.237 0.185 0.133 0.082 0.0300.248 0.190 0.133 0.076 0.0190.259 0.196 0.133 0.071 0.0080.269 0.201 0.133 0.065 -0.0030.280 0.207 0.133 0.060 -0.0140.291 0.212 0.133 0.054 -0.0250.302 0.218 0.133 0.049 -0.0360.313 0.223 0.133 0.043 -0.0470.324 0.229 0.133 0.038 -0.0580.335 0.234 0.133 0.032 -0.0690.346 0.240 0.133 0.027 -0.0800.357 0.245 0.133 0.021 -0.0910.368 0.251 0.133 0.016 -0.1020.379 0.256 0.133 0.010 -0.1130.391 0.262 0.133 0.005 -0.1240.402 0.267 0.133 -0.001 -0.1350.413 0.273 0.133 -0.006 -0.1460.424 0.279 0.133 -0.012 -0.1570.435 0.284 0.133 -0.017 -0.1680.446 0.290 0.133 -0.023 -0.1790.457 0.295 0.133 -0.028 -0.1900.468 0.301 0.133 -0.034 -0.2010.479 0.306 0.133 -0.040 -0.2120.490 0.312 0.133 -0.045 -0.2230.501 0.317 0.133 -0.051 -0.235

46

English Units

Po (psi) 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 6,000Pi (psi) 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 0OD/Wall Feet of Stretch per 1,00

6.5 0.171 0.130 0.089 0.048 0.007 -0.034 0.2567.0 0.181 0.135 0.089 0.043 -0.004 -0.050 0.2727.5 0.192 0.141 0.089 0.037 -0.015 -0.066 0.2888.0 0.203 0.146 0.089 0.032 -0.025 -0.083 0.3058.5 0.214 0.151 0.089 0.026 -0.036 -0.099 0.3219.0 0.225 0.157 0.089 0.021 -0.047 -0.115 0.3389.5 0.236 0.162 0.089 0.015 -0.058 -0.132 0.35410.0 0.247 0.168 0.089 0.010 -0.069 -0.148 0.37010.5 0.258 0.173 0.089 0.004 -0.080 -0.165 0.38711.0 0.269 0.179 0.089 -0.001 -0.091 -0.181 0.40311.5 0.280 0.184 0.089 -0.007 -0.102 -0.198 0.42012.0 0.291 0.190 0.089 -0.012 -0.113 -0.214 0.43612.5 0.302 0.195 0.089 -0.018 -0.124 -0.231 0.45313.0 0.313 0.201 0.089 -0.023 -0.135 -0.247 0.46913.5 0.324 0.206 0.089 -0.029 -0.146 -0.264 0.48614.0 0.335 0.212 0.089 -0.034 -0.157 -0.280 0.50314.5 0.346 0.217 0.089 -0.040 -0.168 -0.297 0.51915.0 0.357 0.223 0.089 -0.045 -0.179 -0.313 0.53615.5 0.368 0.229 0.089 -0.051 -0.190 -0.330 0.55216.0 0.379 0.234 0.089 -0.056 -0.201 -0.347 0.56916.5 0.390 0.240 0.089 -0.062 -0.213 -0.363 0.58517.0 0.401 0.245 0.089 -0.067 -0.224 -0.380 0.60217.5 0.412 0.251 0.089 -0.073 -0.235 -0.396 0.61918.0 0.424 0.256 0.089 -0.078 -0.246 -0.413 0.63518.5 0.435 0.262 0.089 -0.084 -0.257 -0.430 0.65219.0 0.446 0.267 0.089 -0.090 -0.268 -0.446 0.66919.5 0.457 0.273 0.089 -0.095 -0.279 -0.463 0.685


hartsD


47

0 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 0 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000

0.250 0.220 0.191 0.1610.262 0.228 0.195 0.1610.274 0.236 0.199 0.1610.285 0.244 0.203 0.1610.297 0.252 0.207 0.1610.309 0.260 0.211 0.1610.321 0.268 0.214 0.1610.333 0.276 0.218 0.1610.345 0.284 0.222 0.1610.357 0.292 0.226 0.1610.369 0.300 0.230 0.1610.381 0.308 0.234 0.1610.393 0.316 0.238 0.1610.405 0.324 0.242 0.1610.417 0.332 0.246 0.1610.429 0.340 0.250 0.1610.441 0.348 0.254 0.1610.453 0.356 0.258 0.1610.465 0.364 0.262 0.1610.477 0.372 0.266 0.1610.489 0.380 0.270 0.1610.501 0.388 0.274 0.1610.513 0.396 0.278 0.1610.525 0.404 0.282 0.1610.537 0.412 0.287 0.1610.549 0.420 0.291 0.161


Po (kPa) 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 50,000 50,00Pi (kPa) 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 0 10,00


6.5 0.248 0.218 0.188 0.159 0.129 0.099 0.309 0.2807.0 0.263 0.230 0.196 0.162 0.129 0.095 0.329 0.2957.5 0.279 0.241 0.204 0.166 0.129 0.091 0.349 0.3118.0 0.295 0.253 0.212 0.170 0.129 0.087 0.368 0.3278.5 0.310 0.265 0.220 0.174 0.129 0.084 0.388 0.3439.0 0.326 0.277 0.228 0.178 0.129 0.080 0.408 0.3599.5 0.342 0.289 0.236 0.182 0.129 0.076 0.428 0.37410.0 0.358 0.301 0.244 0.186 0.129 0.072 0.448 0.39010.5 0.374 0.313 0.251 0.190 0.129 0.068 0.468 0.40611.0 0.390 0.325 0.259 0.194 0.129 0.064 0.487 0.42211.5 0.406 0.337 0.267 0.198 0.129 0.060 0.507 0.43812.0 0.422 0.349 0.275 0.202 0.129 0.056 0.527 0.45412.5 0.438 0.361 0.283 0.206 0.129 0.052 0.547 0.47013.0 0.454 0.373 0.291 0.210 0.129 0.048 0.567 0.48613.5 0.470 0.385 0.299 0.214 0.129 0.044 0.587 0.50214.0 0.486 0.397 0.307 0.218 0.129 0.040 0.607 0.51814.5 0.502 0.409 0.315 0.222 0.129 0.036 0.627 0.53415.0 0.518 0.421 0.323 0.226 0.129 0.032 0.647 0.55015.5 0.534 0.433 0.331 0.230 0.129 0.028 0.668 0.56616.0 0.550 0.445 0.339 0.234 0.129 0.024 0.688 0.58216.5 0.566 0.457 0.348 0.238 0.129 0.020 0.708 0.59817.0 0.582 0.469 0.356 0.242 0.129 0.016 0.728 0.61417.5 0.598 0.481 0.364 0.246 0.129 0.012 0.748 0.63018.0 0.614 0.493 0.372 0.250 0.129 0.008 0.768 0.64718.5 0.630 0.505 0.380 0.254 0.129 0.004 0.788 0.66319.0 0.646 0.517 0.388 0.258 0.129 0.000 0.808 0.679


hartsD


Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling

e Axial Force (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

ngth ange

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

t * ft ft * ft ft * ft ft *

441 6.2 0.882 5.1 1.323 4.4 1.763414 6.4 0.828 5.3 1.241 4.5 1.655377 6.7 0.753 5.5 1.129 4.8 1.505962 6.2 7.909 5.1 11.840 4.4 15.757719 6.4 7.424 5.3 11.116 4.5 14.794384 6.7 6.757 5.5 10.118 4.8 13.468.968 6.2 21.819 5.1 32.555 4.4 43.181.297 6.4 20.490 5.3 30.582 4.5 40.577372 6.7 18.657 5.5 27.859 4.8 36.979.387 6.2 42.335 5.1 62.870 4.4 83.016.084 6.4 39.781 5.3 59.111 4.5 78.094.288 6.7 36.253 5.5 53.911 4.8 71.279

112 9.3 0.225 7.6 0.337 6.5 0.450101 9.7 0.203 8.0 0.304 6.9 0.406096 10.0 0.192 8.2 0.287 7.1 0.383088 10.5 0.175 8.6 0.263 7.4 0.351080 11.0 0.159 9.0 0.239 7.8 0.318511 9.3 3.020 7.6 4.527 6.5 6.032363 9.7 2.725 8.0 4.084 6.9 5.442287 10.0 2.573 8.2 3.857 7.1 5.140

48

English Units

Effectiv

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLeCh

in in in lb lb ft ft * ft ft * ft f

1.000 0.087 2.00 633 590 19.7 0.088 12.5 0.221 8.8 0.1.000 0.095 2.00 679 633 20.3 0.083 12.9 0.207 9.1 0.1.000 0.109 2.00 757 706 21.3 0.075 13.5 0.188 9.5 0.1.000 0.087 4.00 365 340 19.7 0.794 12.5 1.983 8.8 3.1.000 0.095 4.00 392 366 20.3 0.745 12.9 1.861 9.1 3.1.000 0.109 4.00 437 407 21.3 0.678 13.5 1.693 9.5 3.1.000 0.087 6.00 283 264 19.7 2.203 12.5 5.499 8.8 101.000 0.095 6.00 304 283 20.3 2.068 12.9 5.162 9.1 101.000 0.109 6.00 339 316 21.3 1.881 13.5 4.697 9.5 9.1.000 0.087 8.00 239 223 19.7 4.314 12.5 10.750 8.8 211.000 0.095 8.00 257 239 20.3 4.049 12.9 10.092 9.1 201.000 0.109 8.00 286 267 21.3 3.684 13.5 9.185 9.5 18

1.250 0.095 2.00 1,275 1,188 29.3 0.022 18.5 0.056 13.1 0.1.250 0.109 2.00 1,429 1,332 30.8 0.020 19.5 0.051 13.8 0.1.250 0.118 2.00 1,524 1,421 31.7 0.019 20.1 0.048 14.2 0.1.250 0.134 2.00 1,686 1,571 33.1 0.018 21.0 0.044 14.8 0.1.250 0.156 2.00 1,891 1,762 34.8 0.016 22.0 0.040 15.6 0.1.250 0.095 4.00 666 621 29.3 0.302 18.5 0.756 13.1 1.1.250 0.109 4.00 746 696 30.8 0.273 19.5 0.682 13.8 1.1.250 0.118 4.00 796 742 31.7 0.258 20.1 0.644 14.2 1.

* Feet CT appears to shorten due to helical buckling for 1,000 ft length.


hartsD


49

0.5 2.357 8.6 3.533 7.4 4.7081.0 2.137 9.0 3.203 7.8 4.2699.3 8.985 7.6 13.447 6.5 17.8909.7 8.107 8.0 12.136 6.9 16.1490.0 7.657 8.2 11.464 7.1 15.2570.5 7.015 8.6 10.504 7.4 13.9811.0 6.361 9.0 9.527 7.8 12.6839.3 18.062 7.6 26.974 6.5 35.8099.7 16.305 8.0 24.360 6.9 32.3520.0 15.403 8.2 23.018 7.1 30.5770.5 14.115 8.6 21.100 7.4 28.0371.0 12.805 9.0 19.147 7.8 25.450

2.4 0.056 10.1 0.084 8.8 0.1113.1 0.050 10.7 0.075 9.3 0.1003.5 0.047 11.0 0.070 9.5 0.0944.2 0.043 11.6 0.064 10.0 0.0854.9 0.038 12.2 0.058 10.6 0.0772.4 1.391 10.1 2.086 8.8 2.7803.1 1.247 10.7 1.870 9.3 2.4933.5 1.174 11.0 1.760 9.5 2.346

orce (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

ft * ft ft * ft ft *

1.250 0.134 4.00 880 820 33.1 0.236 21.0 0.590 14.8 1.179 11.250 0.156 4.00 988 920 34.8 0.214 22.0 0.535 15.6 1.069 11.250 0.095 6.00 507 472 29.3 0.902 18.5 2.254 13.1 4.502 1.250 0.109 6.00 568 529 30.8 0.814 19.5 2.033 13.8 4.062 1.250 0.118 6.00 606 565 31.7 0.768 20.1 1.920 14.2 3.836 11.250 0.134 6.00 670 624 33.1 0.704 21.0 1.758 14.8 3.513 11.250 0.156 6.00 751 700 34.8 0.638 22.0 1.594 15.6 3.186 11.250 0.095 8.00 425 396 29.3 1.821 18.5 4.546 13.1 9.071 1.250 0.109 8.00 476 444 30.8 1.642 19.5 4.101 13.8 8.185 1.250 0.118 8.00 508 474 31.7 1.551 20.1 3.873 14.2 7.731 11.250 0.134 8.00 562 524 33.1 1.421 21.0 3.547 14.8 7.082 11.250 0.156 8.00 630 587 34.8 1.288 22.0 3.217 15.6 6.423 1

1.500 0.095 2.00 2,308 2,151 39.2 0.006 24.8 0.014 17.5 0.028 11.500 0.109 2.00 2,598 2,421 41.4 0.005 26.2 0.012 18.5 0.025 11.500 0.118 2.00 2,778 2,589 42.7 0.005 27.0 0.012 19.1 0.023 11.500 0.134 2.00 3,086 2,875 44.8 0.004 28.3 0.011 20.0 0.021 11.500 0.156 2.00 3,484 3,247 47.2 0.004 29.9 0.010 21.1 0.019 11.500 0.095 4.00 1,032 962 39.2 0.139 24.8 0.348 17.5 0.696 11.500 0.109 4.00 1,162 1,083 41.4 0.125 26.2 0.312 18.5 0.624 11.500 0.118 4.00 1,242 1,158 42.7 0.117 27.0 0.294 19.1 0.587 1

Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling (CONT)English Units

Effective Axial F

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri

in in in lb lb ft ft * ft ft * ft ft * ft



hartsD


534 14.2 1.068 11.6 1.601 10.0 2.134480 14.9 0.959 12.2 1.439 10.6 1.918252 12.4 4.500 10.1 6.742 8.8 8.979020 13.1 4.036 10.7 6.048 9.3 8.056901 13.5 3.797 11.0 5.691 9.5 7.581729 14.2 3.456 11.6 5.179 10.0 6.899554 14.9 3.105 12.2 4.654 10.6 6.201694 12.4 9.365 10.1 14.015 8.8 18.644210 13.1 8.402 10.7 12.577 9.3 16.735961 13.5 7.907 11.0 11.837 9.5 15.752605 14.2 7.196 11.6 10.775 10.0 14.341239 14.9 6.468 12.2 9.686 10.6 12.894

308 16.8 0.617 13.7 0.925 11.9 1.233289 17.3 0.579 14.1 0.868 12.2 1.157262 18.2 0.524 14.9 0.786 12.9 1.048234 19.3 0.468 15.7 0.702 13.6 0.935216 20.1 0.431 16.4 0.646 14.2 0.862100 16.8 2.198 13.7 3.296 11.9 4.392032 17.3 2.063 14.1 3.093 12.2 4.122935 18.2 1.868 14.9 2.801 12.9 3.733

Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling (CONT)

e Axial Force (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

ngth ange

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change


50

1.500 0.134 4.00 1,380 1,286 44.8 0.107 28.3 0.267 20.0 0.1.500 0.156 4.00 1,558 1,452 47.2 0.096 29.9 0.240 21.1 0.1.500 0.095 6.00 769 717 39.2 0.451 24.8 1.127 17.5 2.1.500 0.109 6.00 866 807 41.4 0.404 26.2 1.010 18.5 2.1.500 0.118 6.00 926 863 42.7 0.380 27.0 0.951 19.1 1.1.500 0.134 6.00 1,029 958 44.8 0.346 28.3 0.865 20.0 1.1.500 0.156 6.00 1,161 1,082 47.2 0.311 29.9 0.777 21.1 1.1.500 0.095 8.00 640 597 39.2 0.940 24.8 2.350 17.5 4.1.500 0.109 8.00 721 672 41.4 0.843 26.2 2.107 18.5 4.1.500 0.118 8.00 770 718 42.7 0.794 27.0 1.983 19.1 3.1.500 0.134 8.00 856 797 44.8 0.722 28.3 1.804 20.0 3.1.500 0.156 8.00 966 900 47.2 0.649 29.9 1.621 21.1 3.

1.750 0.109 4.00 1,703 1,587 53.0 0.062 33.5 0.154 23.7 0.1.750 0.118 4.00 1,824 1,700 54.7 0.058 34.6 0.145 24.5 0.1.750 0.134 4.00 2,033 1,894 57.5 0.052 36.4 0.131 25.7 0.1.750 0.156 4.00 2,306 2,149 60.9 0.047 38.5 0.117 27.2 0.1.750 0.175 4.00 2,529 2,357 63.4 0.043 40.1 0.108 28.4 0.1.750 0.109 6.00 1,239 1,155 53.0 0.220 33.5 0.550 23.7 1.1.750 0.118 6.00 1,327 1,237 54.7 0.206 34.6 0.516 24.5 1.1.750 0.134 6.00 1,479 1,378 57.5 0.187 36.4 0.467 25.7 0.

English Units

Effectiv

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLeCh




hartsD


51

9.3 1.668 15.7 2.501 13.6 3.3330.1 1.537 16.4 2.305 14.2 3.0726.8 4.748 13.7 7.114 11.9 9.4747.3 4.456 14.1 6.677 12.2 8.8928.2 4.036 14.9 6.048 12.9 8.0569.3 3.603 15.7 5.400 13.6 7.1940.1 3.321 16.4 4.978 14.2 6.6316.8 8.259 13.7 12.363 11.9 16.4507.3 7.751 14.1 11.605 12.2 15.4448.2 7.022 14.9 10.514 12.9 13.9959.3 6.270 15.7 9.391 13.6 12.5010.1 5.780 16.4 8.657 14.2 11.526

2.6 0.269 18.4 0.404 15.9 0.5395.0 0.220 20.4 0.329 17.7 0.4395.6 0.209 20.9 0.313 18.1 0.4176.3 0.198 21.5 0.296 18.6 0.3952.6 1.077 18.4 1.615 15.9 2.1535.0 0.878 20.4 1.317 17.7 1.7565.6 0.834 20.9 1.251 18.1 1.6676.3 0.790 21.5 1.185 18.6 1.580

orce (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change


1.750 0.156 6.00 1,678 1,563 60.9 0.167 38.5 0.417 27.2 0.834 11.750 0.175 6.00 1,840 1,715 63.4 0.154 40.1 0.384 28.4 0.769 21.750 0.109 8.00 1,022 952 53.0 0.476 33.5 1.189 23.7 2.377 11.750 0.118 8.00 1,095 1,020 54.7 0.446 34.6 1.116 24.5 2.230 11.750 0.134 8.00 1,220 1,137 57.5 0.404 36.4 1.010 25.7 2.020 11.750 0.156 8.00 1,383 1,289 60.9 0.361 38.5 0.902 27.2 1.803 11.750 0.175 8.00 1,517 1,414 63.4 0.333 40.1 0.831 28.4 1.662 21.750 0.109 10.00 889 829 53.0 0.829 33.5 2.071 23.7 4.138 11.750 0.118 10.00 953 888 54.7 0.778 34.6 1.943 24.5 3.883 11.750 0.134 10.00 1,062 989 57.5 0.704 36.4 1.760 25.7 3.517 11.750 0.156 10.00 1,204 1,122 60.9 0.629 38.5 1.571 27.2 3.140 11.750 0.175 10.00 1,321 1,231 63.4 0.579 40.1 1.448 28.4 2.894 2

2.000 0.134 4.00 2,872 2,677 71.3 0.027 45.1 0.067 31.9 0.135 22.000 0.175 4.00 3,596 3,351 79.0 0.022 50.0 0.055 35.3 0.110 22.000 0.188 4.00 3,811 3,551 81.1 0.021 51.3 0.052 36.3 0.104 22.000 0.203 4.00 4,051 3,775 83.3 0.020 52.7 0.049 37.2 0.099 22.000 0.134 6.00 2,031 1,893 71.3 0.108 45.1 0.269 31.9 0.539 22.000 0.175 6.00 2,542 2,369 79.0 0.088 50.0 0.220 35.3 0.439 22.000 0.188 6.00 2,695 2,511 81.1 0.083 51.3 0.209 36.3 0.417 22.000 0.203 6.00 2,864 2,669 83.3 0.079 52.7 0.198 37.2 0.395 2


Effective Axial F

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri




hartsD


212 22.6 2.422 18.4 3.631 15.9 4.838988 25.0 1.975 20.4 2.961 17.7 3.946938 25.6 1.875 20.9 2.812 18.1 3.747889 26.3 1.777 21.5 2.665 18.6 3.551153 22.6 4.302 18.4 6.446 15.9 8.585756 25.0 3.508 20.4 5.258 17.7 7.004667 25.6 3.331 20.9 4.993 18.1 6.652580 26.3 3.157 21.5 4.732 18.6 6.305

051 29.7 0.103 24.2 0.154 21.0 0.206045 31.6 0.091 25.8 0.136 22.3 0.182042 33.0 0.083 27.0 0.125 23.3 0.166039 33.9 0.079 27.7 0.118 24.0 0.157256 29.7 0.512 24.2 0.767 21.0 1.023226 31.6 0.452 25.8 0.678 22.3 0.904207 33.0 0.413 27.0 0.619 23.3 0.826195 33.9 0.391 27.7 0.586 24.0 0.782616 29.7 1.232 24.2 1.847 21.0 2.462544 31.6 1.088 25.8 1.632 22.3 2.175497 33.0 0.994 27.0 1.491 23.3 1.987471 33.9 0.941 27.7 1.411 24.0 1.881


e Axial Force (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

ngth ange

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change


52

2.000 0.134 8.00 1,658 1,545 71.3 0.242 45.1 0.606 31.9 1.2.000 0.175 8.00 2,076 1,935 79.0 0.198 50.0 0.494 35.3 0.2.000 0.188 8.00 2,200 2,050 81.1 0.188 51.3 0.469 36.3 0.2.000 0.203 8.00 2,339 2,180 83.3 0.178 52.7 0.445 37.2 0.2.000 0.134 10.00 1,436 1,338 71.3 0.431 45.1 1.077 31.9 2.2.000 0.175 10.00 1,798 1,675 79.0 0.351 50.0 0.878 35.3 1.2.000 0.188 10.00 1,905 1,776 81.1 0.334 51.3 0.834 36.3 1.2.000 0.203 10.00 2,025 1,888 83.3 0.316 52.7 0.790 37.2 1.

2.375 0.134 4.00 4,593 4,280 93.8 0.010 59.3 0.026 41.9 0.2.375 0.156 4.00 5,246 4,889 99.8 0.009 63.1 0.023 44.6 0.2.375 0.175 4.00 5,788 5,394 104.4 0.008 66.0 0.021 46.7 0.2.375 0.188 4.00 6,148 5,730 107.3 0.008 67.9 0.020 48.0 0.2.375 0.134 6.00 3,075 2,866 93.8 0.051 59.3 0.128 41.9 0.2.375 0.156 6.00 3,512 3,273 99.8 0.045 63.1 0.113 44.6 0.2.375 0.175 6.00 3,875 3,612 104.4 0.041 66.0 0.103 46.7 0.2.375 0.188 6.00 4,116 3,836 107.3 0.039 67.9 0.098 48.0 0.2.375 0.134 8.00 2,468 2,300 93.8 0.123 59.3 0.308 41.9 0.2.375 0.156 8.00 2,820 2,628 99.8 0.109 63.1 0.272 44.6 0.2.375 0.175 8.00 3,111 2,899 104.4 0.099 66.0 0.249 46.7 0.2.375 0.188 8.00 3,305 3,080 107.3 0.094 67.9 0.235 48.0 0.

English Units

Effectiv

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLeCh




hartsD


53

9.7 2.262 24.2 3.391 21.0 4.5191.6 1.999 25.8 2.997 22.3 3.9943.0 1.826 27.0 2.738 23.3 3.6493.9 1.728 27.7 2.592 24.0 3.454

7.0 0.047 30.2 0.071 26.2 0.0958.8 0.043 31.7 0.065 27.4 0.0869.9 0.041 32.6 0.061 28.2 0.0811.1 0.038 33.6 0.058 29.1 0.0777.0 0.285 30.2 0.427 26.2 0.5698.8 0.260 31.7 0.389 27.4 0.5199.9 0.245 32.6 0.368 28.2 0.4901.1 0.231 33.6 0.347 29.1 0.4627.0 0.722 30.2 1.083 26.2 1.4448.8 0.658 31.7 0.987 27.4 1.3169.9 0.622 32.6 0.933 28.2 1.2441.1 0.586 33.6 0.879 29.1 1.1727.0 1.359 30.2 2.038 26.2 2.7168.8 1.239 31.7 1.857 27.4 2.4769.9 1.171 32.6 1.755 28.2 2.3401.1 1.103 33.6 1.654 29.1 2.205

orce (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change


2.375 0.134 10.00 2,120 1,976 93.8 0.226 59.3 0.566 41.9 1.132 22.375 0.156 10.00 2,422 2,257 99.8 0.200 63.1 0.500 44.6 1.000 32.375 0.175 10.00 2,672 2,490 104.4 0.183 66.0 0.457 46.7 0.913 32.375 0.188 10.00 2,838 2,645 107.3 0.173 67.9 0.432 48.0 0.865 3

2.625 0.156 4.00 7,057 6,576 117.1 0.005 74.0 0.012 52.4 0.024 32.625 0.175 4.00 7,799 7,268 122.6 0.004 77.6 0.011 54.8 0.022 32.625 0.188 4.00 8,293 7,729 126.1 0.004 79.8 0.010 56.4 0.020 32.625 0.203 4.00 8,850 8,247 129.9 0.004 82.2 0.010 58.1 0.019 42.625 0.156 6.00 4,504 4,198 117.1 0.028 74.0 0.071 52.4 0.142 32.625 0.175 6.00 4,978 4,639 122.6 0.026 77.6 0.065 54.8 0.130 32.625 0.188 6.00 5,294 4,933 126.1 0.025 79.8 0.061 56.4 0.123 32.625 0.203 6.00 5,649 5,264 129.9 0.023 82.2 0.058 58.1 0.116 42.625 0.156 8.00 3,569 3,326 117.1 0.072 74.0 0.181 52.4 0.361 32.625 0.175 8.00 3,945 3,676 122.6 0.066 77.6 0.165 54.8 0.329 32.625 0.188 8.00 4,195 3,909 126.1 0.062 79.8 0.156 56.4 0.311 32.625 0.203 8.00 4,476 4,171 129.9 0.059 82.2 0.147 58.1 0.293 42.625 0.156 10.00 3,047 2,840 117.1 0.136 74.0 0.340 52.4 0.680 32.625 0.175 10.00 3,368 3,138 122.6 0.124 77.6 0.310 54.8 0.620 32.625 0.188 10.00 3,581 3,337 126.1 0.117 79.8 0.293 56.4 0.585 32.625 0.203 10.00 3,821 3,561 129.9 0.110 82.2 0.276 58.1 0.552 4


Effective Axial F

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri




hartsD


012 42.8 0.024 34.9 0.036 30.2 0.047011 44.8 0.022 36.6 0.032 31.7 0.043010 46.2 0.020 37.7 0.031 32.6 0.041010 47.6 0.019 38.9 0.029 33.6 0.038091 42.8 0.183 34.9 0.274 30.2 0.366083 44.8 0.166 36.6 0.250 31.7 0.333079 46.2 0.157 37.7 0.236 32.6 0.314074 47.6 0.148 38.9 0.222 33.6 0.296246 42.8 0.492 34.9 0.738 30.2 0.984224 44.8 0.448 36.6 0.671 31.7 0.895211 46.2 0.422 37.7 0.633 32.6 0.845199 47.6 0.397 38.9 0.596 33.6 0.795475 42.8 0.951 34.9 1.426 30.2 1.900432 44.8 0.865 36.6 1.297 31.7 1.729408 46.2 0.816 37.7 1.224 32.6 1.632384 47.6 0.768 38.9 1.152 33.6 1.535

001 61.2 0.002 50.0 0.003 43.3 0.005001 65.2 0.002 53.2 0.003 46.1 0.004001 67.8 0.002 55.4 0.003 48.0 0.004


e Axial Force (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

ngth ange

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change


54

2.875 0.156 4.00 9,458 8,814 135.2 0.002 85.5 0.006 60.5 0.2.875 0.175 4.00 10,467 9,754 141.8 0.002 89.7 0.005 63.4 0.2.875 0.188 4.00 11,140 10,382 146.0 0.002 92.3 0.005 65.3 0.2.875 0.203 4.00 11,901 11,090 150.5 0.002 95.2 0.005 67.3 0.2.875 0.156 6.00 5,675 5,288 135.2 0.018 85.5 0.046 60.5 0.2.875 0.175 6.00 6,280 5,853 141.8 0.017 89.7 0.042 63.4 0.2.875 0.188 6.00 6,684 6,229 146.0 0.016 92.3 0.039 65.3 0.2.875 0.203 6.00 7,140 6,654 150.5 0.015 95.2 0.037 67.3 0.2.875 0.156 8.00 4,431 4,130 135.2 0.049 85.5 0.123 60.5 0.2.875 0.175 8.00 4,904 4,570 141.8 0.045 89.7 0.112 63.4 0.2.875 0.188 8.00 5,220 4,864 146.0 0.042 92.3 0.106 65.3 0.2.875 0.203 8.00 5,576 5,196 150.5 0.040 95.2 0.099 67.3 0.2.875 0.156 10.00 3,758 3,502 135.2 0.095 85.5 0.238 60.5 0.2.875 0.175 10.00 4,159 3,876 141.8 0.087 89.7 0.216 63.4 0.2.875 0.188 10.00 4,427 4,125 146.0 0.082 92.3 0.204 65.3 0.2.875 0.203 10.00 4,729 4,407 150.5 0.077 95.2 0.192 67.3 0.

3.500 0.175 4.00 23,794 22,173 193.7 0.000 122.5 0.001 86.6 0.3.500 0.203 4.00 27,152 25,303 206.1 0.000 130.3 0.001 92.1 0.3.500 0.224 4.00 29,593 27,578 214.5 0.000 135.6 0.000 95.9 0.

English Units

Effectiv

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLeCh




hartsD


55

0.8 0.002 57.8 0.003 50.1 0.0031.2 0.057 50.0 0.086 43.3 0.1145.2 0.050 53.2 0.076 46.1 0.1017.8 0.047 55.4 0.070 48.0 0.0930.8 0.043 57.8 0.064 50.1 0.0851.2 0.185 50.0 0.278 43.3 0.3705.2 0.163 53.2 0.245 46.1 0.3277.8 0.151 55.4 0.226 48.0 0.3020.8 0.138 57.8 0.207 50.1 0.2771.2 0.386 50.0 0.579 43.3 0.7725.2 0.341 53.2 0.511 46.1 0.6827.8 0.315 55.4 0.472 48.0 0.6290.8 0.288 57.8 0.433 50.1 0.577

7.1 0.008 79.3 0.012 68.6 0.0161.0 0.008 82.5 0.011 71.4 0.0155.8 0.007 86.4 0.010 74.8 0.0147.1 0.045 79.3 0.067 68.6 0.0891.0 0.041 82.5 0.062 71.4 0.0825.8 0.037 86.4 0.056 74.8 0.0757.1 0.110 79.3 0.165 68.6 0.220

orce (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change


3.500 0.250 4.00 32,526 30,311 224.0 0.000 141.7 0.000 100.2 0.001 73.500 0.175 6.00 10,641 9,916 193.7 0.006 122.5 0.014 86.6 0.029 63.500 0.203 6.00 12,143 11,316 206.1 0.005 130.3 0.013 92.1 0.025 63.500 0.224 6.00 13,234 12,333 214.5 0.005 135.6 0.012 95.9 0.023 63.500 0.250 6.00 14,546 13,555 224.0 0.004 141.7 0.011 100.2 0.021 73.500 0.175 8.00 7,931 7,391 193.7 0.019 122.5 0.046 86.6 0.093 63.500 0.203 8.00 9,051 8,434 206.1 0.016 130.3 0.041 92.1 0.082 63.500 0.224 8.00 9,864 9,193 214.5 0.015 135.6 0.038 95.9 0.075 63.500 0.250 8.00 10,842 10,104 224.0 0.014 141.7 0.035 100.2 0.069 73.500 0.175 10.00 6,599 6,150 193.7 0.039 122.5 0.097 86.6 0.193 63.500 0.203 10.00 7,531 7,018 206.1 0.034 130.3 0.085 92.1 0.170 63.500 0.224 10.00 8,208 7,649 214.5 0.031 135.6 0.079 95.9 0.157 63.500 0.250 10.00 9,021 8,407 224.0 0.029 141.7 0.072 100.2 0.144 7

4.500 0.204 6.00 26,726 24,906 307.0 0.001 194.2 0.002 137.3 0.004 94.500 0.224 6.00 29,080 27,100 319.5 0.001 202.1 0.002 142.9 0.004 104.500 0.250 6.00 32,074 29,890 334.6 0.001 211.6 0.002 149.6 0.003 104.500 0.204 8.00 17,496 16,305 307.0 0.004 194.2 0.011 137.3 0.022 94.500 0.224 8.00 19,037 17,741 319.5 0.004 202.1 0.010 142.9 0.021 104.500 0.250 8.00 20,997 19,567 334.6 0.004 211.6 0.009 149.6 0.019 104.500 0.204 10.00 13,957 13,007 307.0 0.011 194.2 0.027 137.3 0.055 9


Effective Axial F

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri




hartsD


051 101.0 0.102 82.5 0.152 71.4 0.203046 105.8 0.093 86.4 0.139 74.8 0.185


e Axial Force (lb)

10,000 15,000 20,000

ngth ange

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change


56

4.500 0.224 10.00 15,187 14,153 319.5 0.010 202.1 0.025 142.9 0.4.500 0.250 10.00 16,750 15,609 334.6 0.009 211.6 0.023 149.6 0.

English Units

Effectiv

1,000 2,500 5,000

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLeCh




hartsD


57

rce (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

m * m m * m m *

1.8 0.912 1.5 1.368 1.3 1.8231.9 0.856 1.5 1.284 1.3 1.7112.0 0.779 1.6 1.168 1.4 1.5571.8 8.356 1.5 12.508 1.3 16.6431.9 7.844 1.5 11.743 1.3 15.6272.0 7.138 1.6 10.688 1.4 14.2261.8 23.139 1.5 34.515 1.3 45.7671.9 21.731 1.5 32.425 1.3 43.0102.0 19.789 1.6 29.540 1.4 39.2011.8 44.952 1.5 66.717 1.3 88.0481.9 42.243 1.5 62.734 1.3 82.8382.0 38.500 1.6 57.225 1.4 75.623

2.7 0.228 2.2 0.341 1.9 0.4552.8 0.205 2.3 0.308 2.0 0.4112.9 0.194 2.4 0.291 2.1 0.3883.0 0.178 2.5 0.266 2.2 0.3553.2 0.161 2.6 0.241 2.3 0.3222.7 3.179 2.2 4.765 1.9 6.3482.8 2.868 2.3 4.298 2.0 5.7272.9 2.708 2.4 4.059 2.1 5.409

Period & Shortening due to Helical BucklingMetric Units

Effective Axial Fo

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri

mm mm mm kg kg m m * m m * m m * m

25.4 2.21 50 292 272 5.7 0.091 4.0 0.182 2.6 0.456 25.4 2.41 50 313 292 5.9 0.086 4.2 0.171 2.6 0.428 25.4 2.77 50 349 325 6.2 0.078 4.4 0.156 2.8 0.389 25.4 2.21 100 167 156 5.7 0.839 4.0 1.677 2.6 4.186 25.4 2.41 100 180 168 5.9 0.787 4.2 1.574 2.6 3.929 25.4 2.77 100 200 187 6.2 0.716 4.4 1.432 2.8 3.575 25.4 2.21 150 130 121 5.7 2.338 4.0 4.670 2.6 11.636 25.4 2.41 150 139 130 5.9 2.194 4.2 4.384 2.6 10.924 25.4 2.77 150 155 144 6.2 1.996 4.4 3.989 2.8 9.943 25.4 2.21 200 109 102 5.7 4.586 4.0 9.151 2.6 22.723 25.4 2.41 200 118 110 5.9 4.304 4.2 8.590 2.6 21.340 25.4 2.77 200 131 122 6.2 3.916 4.4 7.818 2.8 19.432

31.8 2.41 50 591 551 8.5 0.023 6.0 0.046 3.8 0.114 31.8 2.77 50 662 617 8.9 0.021 6.3 0.041 4.0 0.103 31.8 3.00 50 706 658 9.2 0.019 6.5 0.039 4.1 0.097 31.8 3.40 50 781 728 9.6 0.018 6.8 0.036 4.3 0.089 31.8 3.96 50 876 817 10.1 0.016 7.1 0.032 4.5 0.080 31.8 2.41 100 306 285 8.5 0.318 6.0 0.637 3.8 1.591 31.8 2.77 100 342 319 8.9 0.287 6.3 0.574 4.0 1.435 31.8 3.00 100 365 340 9.2 0.271 6.5 0.542 4.1 1.355

* Meters CT appears to shorten due to helical buckling for 1,000 m length.


hartsD


241 3.0 2.480 2.5 3.718 2.2 4.955125 3.2 2.249 2.6 3.371 2.3 4.493768 2.7 9.513 2.2 14.236 1.9 18.937301 2.8 8.584 2.3 12.848 2.0 17.095062 2.9 8.108 2.4 12.137 2.1 16.151721 3.0 7.428 2.5 11.121 2.2 14.801374 3.2 6.736 2.6 10.087 2.3 13.427629 2.7 19.166 2.2 28.616 1.9 37.979688 2.8 17.302 2.3 25.844 2.0 34.316206 2.9 16.347 2.4 24.422 2.1 32.434518 3.0 14.980 2.5 22.388 2.2 29.743818 3.2 13.590 2.6 20.317 2.3 27.000

027 3.6 0.054 2.9 0.081 2.5 0.108024 3.8 0.048 3.1 0.072 2.7 0.097023 3.9 0.045 3.2 0.068 2.8 0.091021 4.1 0.041 3.4 0.062 2.9 0.083019 4.3 0.037 3.5 0.056 3.1 0.074729 3.6 1.457 2.9 2.185 2.5 2.912654 3.8 1.307 3.1 1.960 2.7 2.612615 3.9 1.229 3.2 1.844 2.8 2.457


e Axial Force (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

gth nge

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

* m m * m m * m m *

58

31.8 3.40 100 404 376 9.6 0.248 6.8 0.497 4.3 1.31.8 3.96 100 453 422 10.1 0.225 7.1 0.450 4.5 1.31.8 2.41 150 232 216 8.5 0.955 6.0 1.910 3.8 4.31.8 2.77 150 260 242 8.9 0.862 6.3 1.723 4.0 4.31.8 3.00 150 277 259 9.2 0.814 6.5 1.627 4.1 4.31.8 3.40 150 307 286 9.6 0.745 6.8 1.490 4.3 3.31.8 3.96 150 344 321 10.1 0.676 7.1 1.351 4.5 3.31.8 2.41 200 195 181 8.5 1.933 6.0 3.863 3.8 9.31.8 2.77 200 218 203 8.9 1.744 6.3 3.484 4.0 8.31.8 3.00 200 233 217 9.2 1.647 6.5 3.291 4.1 8.31.8 3.40 200 257 240 9.6 1.508 6.8 3.014 4.3 7.31.8 3.96 200 289 269 10.1 1.367 7.1 2.733 4.5 6.

38.1 2.41 50 1,081 1,008 11.4 0.005 8.1 0.011 5.1 0.38.1 2.77 50 1,217 1,134 12.0 0.005 8.5 0.010 5.4 0.38.1 3.00 50 1,301 1,213 12.4 0.005 8.8 0.009 5.5 0.38.1 3.40 50 1,446 1,347 13.0 0.004 9.2 0.008 5.8 0.38.1 3.96 50 1,632 1,521 13.7 0.004 9.7 0.007 6.1 0.38.1 2.41 100 474 442 11.4 0.146 8.1 0.292 5.1 0.38.1 2.77 100 534 497 12.0 0.131 8.5 0.261 5.4 0.38.1 3.00 100 571 532 12.4 0.123 8.8 0.246 5.5 0.

Metric Units

Effectiv

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLenCha

mm mm mm kg kg m m * m m * m m



hartsD


59

4.1 1.119 3.4 1.677 2.9 2.2364.3 1.005 3.5 1.507 3.1 2.0093.6 4.754 2.9 7.123 2.5 9.4863.8 4.264 3.1 6.390 2.7 8.5103.9 4.012 3.2 6.012 2.8 8.0094.1 3.651 3.4 5.472 2.9 7.2894.3 3.281 3.5 4.917 3.1 6.5513.6 9.926 2.9 14.853 2.5 19.7563.8 8.906 3.1 13.329 2.7 17.7333.9 8.381 3.2 12.545 2.8 16.6924.1 7.628 3.4 11.420 2.9 15.1984.3 6.856 3.5 10.266 3.1 13.665

4.9 0.642 4.0 0.963 3.4 1.2845.0 0.603 4.1 0.904 3.6 1.2055.3 0.546 4.3 0.819 3.7 1.0915.6 0.487 4.6 0.731 4.0 0.9745.8 0.449 4.8 0.673 4.1 0.8984.9 2.317 4.0 3.473 3.4 4.6295.0 2.174 4.1 3.260 3.6 4.3445.3 1.969 4.3 2.952 3.7 3.934

rce (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

m * m m * m m *

38.1 3.40 100 634 591 13.0 0.112 9.2 0.224 5.8 0.559 38.1 3.96 100 716 667 13.7 0.101 9.7 0.201 6.1 0.503 38.1 2.41 150 353 329 11.4 0.476 8.1 0.953 5.1 2.380 38.1 2.77 150 397 370 12.0 0.427 8.5 0.854 5.4 2.134 38.1 3.00 150 424 396 12.4 0.402 8.8 0.804 5.5 2.008 38.1 3.40 150 471 439 13.0 0.366 9.2 0.731 5.8 1.827 38.1 3.96 150 532 496 13.7 0.329 9.7 0.657 6.1 1.642 38.1 2.41 200 293 273 11.4 0.997 8.1 1.993 5.1 4.975 38.1 2.77 200 330 308 12.0 0.894 8.5 1.787 5.4 4.463 38.1 3.00 200 353 329 12.4 0.841 8.8 1.682 5.5 4.199 38.1 3.40 200 392 365 13.0 0.765 9.2 1.530 5.8 3.821 38.1 3.96 200 443 412 13.7 0.688 9.7 1.375 6.1 3.434

44.5 2.77 100 783 730 15.4 0.064 10.9 0.128 6.9 0.321 44.5 3.00 100 839 782 15.9 0.060 11.2 0.121 7.1 0.301 44.5 3.40 100 935 871 16.7 0.055 11.8 0.109 7.5 0.273 44.5 3.96 100 1,061 988 17.7 0.049 12.5 0.097 7.9 0.244 44.5 4.45 100 1,163 1,084 18.4 0.045 13.0 0.090 8.2 0.225 44.5 2.77 150 568 530 15.4 0.232 10.9 0.464 6.9 1.159 44.5 3.00 150 609 567 15.9 0.218 11.2 0.435 7.1 1.088 44.5 3.40 150 678 632 16.7 0.197 11.8 0.394 7.5 0.985

Period & Shortening due to Helical Buckling (CONT)Metric Units

Effective Axial Fo

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri




hartsD


879 5.6 1.758 4.6 2.636 4.0 3.513810 5.8 1.620 4.8 2.429 4.1 3.237516 4.9 5.025 4.0 7.528 3.4 10.025361 5.0 4.716 4.1 7.066 3.6 9.410138 5.3 4.271 4.3 6.400 3.7 8.525909 5.6 3.814 4.6 5.715 4.0 7.613759 5.8 3.515 4.8 5.268 4.1 7.018389 4.9 8.759 4.0 13.110 3.4 17.442119 5.0 8.221 4.1 12.306 3.6 16.375730 5.3 7.447 4.3 11.150 3.7 14.839331 5.6 6.650 4.6 9.959 4.0 13.257070 5.8 6.130 4.8 9.181 4.1 12.223

139 6.5 0.279 5.3 0.418 4.6 0.557114 7.3 0.227 5.9 0.341 5.1 0.454108 7.4 0.216 6.1 0.323 5.3 0.431102 7.6 0.204 6.2 0.307 5.4 0.409566 6.5 1.132 5.3 1.698 4.6 2.263462 7.3 0.923 5.9 1.384 5.1 1.845438 7.4 0.876 6.1 1.314 5.3 1.752415 7.6 0.831 6.2 1.246 5.4 1.660


e Axial Force (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

gth nge

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

* m m * m m * m m *

60

44.5 3.96 150 769 717 17.7 0.176 12.5 0.352 7.9 0.44.5 4.45 150 844 786 18.4 0.162 13.0 0.324 8.2 0.44.5 2.77 200 468 436 15.4 0.504 10.9 1.007 6.9 2.44.5 3.00 200 501 467 15.9 0.473 11.2 0.945 7.1 2.44.5 3.40 200 559 521 16.7 0.428 11.8 0.856 7.5 2.44.5 3.96 200 634 591 17.7 0.382 12.5 0.764 7.9 1.44.5 4.45 200 695 648 18.4 0.352 13.0 0.704 8.2 1.44.5 2.77 250 407 380 15.4 0.879 10.9 1.758 6.9 4.44.5 3.00 250 436 407 15.9 0.825 11.2 1.650 7.1 4.44.5 3.40 250 486 453 16.7 0.747 11.8 1.494 7.5 3.44.5 3.96 250 551 514 17.7 0.667 12.5 1.334 7.9 3.44.5 4.45 250 605 564 18.4 0.615 13.0 1.229 8.2 3.

50.8 3.40 100 1,324 1,234 20.7 0.028 14.6 0.056 9.3 0.50.8 4.45 100 1,657 1,544 22.9 0.023 16.2 0.045 10.3 0.50.8 4.78 100 1,756 1,637 23.5 0.022 16.6 0.043 10.5 0.50.8 5.16 100 1,867 1,740 24.2 0.020 17.1 0.041 10.8 0.50.8 3.40 150 932 869 20.7 0.113 14.6 0.227 9.3 0.50.8 4.45 150 1,167 1,087 22.9 0.092 16.2 0.185 10.3 0.50.8 4.78 150 1,237 1,153 23.5 0.088 16.6 0.175 10.5 0.50.8 5.16 150 1,315 1,225 24.2 0.083 17.1 0.166 10.8 0.

Metric Units

Effectiv

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLenCha




hartsD


61

6.5 2.559 5.3 3.836 4.6 5.1127.3 2.087 5.9 3.128 5.1 4.1697.4 1.981 6.1 2.971 5.3 3.9597.6 1.878 6.2 2.815 5.4 3.7526.5 4.557 5.3 6.828 4.6 9.0947.3 3.717 5.9 5.570 5.1 7.4197.4 3.529 6.1 5.289 5.3 7.0467.6 3.345 6.2 5.013 5.4 6.679

8.6 0.105 7.0 0.157 6.1 0.2109.2 0.093 7.5 0.139 6.5 0.1859.6 0.085 7.8 0.127 6.8 0.1699.9 0.080 8.0 0.120 7.0 0.1608.6 0.535 7.0 0.803 6.1 1.0709.2 0.473 7.5 0.709 6.5 0.9459.6 0.432 7.8 0.648 6.8 0.8649.9 0.409 8.0 0.613 7.0 0.8178.6 1.298 7.0 1.946 6.1 2.5949.2 1.147 7.5 1.719 6.5 2.2929.6 1.047 7.8 1.571 6.8 2.0949.9 0.991 8.0 1.487 7.0 1.982

rce (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

m * m m * m m *

50.8 3.40 200 760 708 20.7 0.256 14.6 0.512 9.3 1.280 50.8 4.45 200 951 887 22.9 0.209 16.2 0.418 10.3 1.044 50.8 4.78 200 1,008 940 23.5 0.198 16.6 0.397 10.5 0.991 50.8 5.16 200 1,072 999 24.2 0.188 17.1 0.376 10.8 0.939 50.8 3.40 250 658 613 20.7 0.457 14.6 0.913 9.3 2.281 50.8 4.45 250 823 767 22.9 0.372 16.2 0.744 10.3 1.860 50.8 4.78 250 873 813 23.5 0.353 16.6 0.707 10.5 1.766 50.8 5.16 250 928 865 24.2 0.335 17.1 0.670 10.8 1.674

60.3 3.40 100 2,124 1,980 27.2 0.010 19.3 0.021 12.2 0.052 60.3 3.96 100 2,427 2,261 29.0 0.009 20.5 0.019 13.0 0.046 60.3 4.45 100 2,677 2,495 30.3 0.008 21.4 0.017 13.6 0.042 60.3 4.78 100 2,844 2,650 31.2 0.008 22.0 0.016 13.9 0.040 60.3 3.40 150 1,413 1,317 27.2 0.054 19.3 0.107 12.2 0.268 60.3 3.96 150 1,614 1,504 29.0 0.047 20.5 0.095 13.0 0.236 60.3 4.45 150 1,781 1,660 30.3 0.043 21.4 0.086 13.6 0.216 60.3 4.78 150 1,892 1,763 31.2 0.041 22.0 0.082 13.9 0.204 60.3 3.40 200 1,132 1,055 27.2 0.130 19.3 0.260 12.2 0.649 60.3 3.96 200 1,293 1,205 29.0 0.115 20.5 0.229 13.0 0.573 60.3 4.45 200 1,427 1,330 30.3 0.105 21.4 0.210 13.6 0.524 60.3 4.78 200 1,516 1,413 31.2 0.099 22.0 0.198 13.9 0.496


Effective Axial Fo

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri




hartsD


197 8.6 2.392 7.0 3.585 6.1 4.778057 9.2 2.113 7.5 3.169 6.5 4.222966 9.6 1.931 7.8 2.895 6.8 3.858914 9.9 1.828 8.0 2.740 7.0 3.652

024 10.7 0.047 8.8 0.071 7.6 0.095022 11.3 0.043 9.2 0.065 8.0 0.086020 11.6 0.041 9.5 0.061 8.2 0.082019 11.9 0.039 9.7 0.058 8.4 0.077148 10.7 0.297 8.8 0.445 7.6 0.593135 11.3 0.270 9.2 0.405 8.0 0.541128 11.6 0.255 9.5 0.383 8.2 0.511120 11.9 0.241 9.7 0.361 8.4 0.481380 10.7 0.759 8.8 1.139 7.6 1.518346 11.3 0.692 9.2 1.038 8.0 1.383327 11.6 0.654 9.5 0.981 8.2 1.307308 11.9 0.616 9.7 0.924 8.4 1.232718 10.7 1.435 8.8 2.152 7.6 2.868654 11.3 1.308 9.2 1.961 8.0 2.614618 11.6 1.236 9.5 1.854 8.2 2.471583 11.9 1.165 9.7 1.747 8.4 2.329


e Axial Force (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

gth nge

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

* m m * m m * m m *

62

60.3 3.40 250 972 905 27.2 0.239 19.3 0.479 12.2 1.60.3 3.96 250 1,110 1,034 29.0 0.212 20.5 0.423 13.0 1.60.3 4.45 250 1,225 1,141 30.3 0.193 21.4 0.386 13.6 0.60.3 4.78 250 1,301 1,212 31.2 0.183 22.0 0.366 13.9 0.

66.7 3.96 100 3,276 3,053 34.0 0.005 24.0 0.009 15.2 0.66.7 4.45 100 3,621 3,374 35.6 0.004 25.2 0.009 15.9 0.66.7 4.78 100 3,850 3,588 36.6 0.004 25.9 0.008 16.4 0.66.7 5.16 100 4,109 3,829 37.7 0.004 26.7 0.008 16.9 0.66.7 3.96 150 2,072 1,931 34.0 0.030 24.0 0.059 15.2 0.66.7 4.45 150 2,290 2,134 35.6 0.027 25.2 0.054 15.9 0.66.7 4.78 150 2,435 2,269 36.6 0.026 25.9 0.051 16.4 0.66.7 5.16 150 2,598 2,421 37.7 0.024 26.7 0.048 16.9 0.66.7 3.96 200 1,638 1,526 34.0 0.076 24.0 0.152 15.2 0.66.7 4.45 200 1,810 1,687 35.6 0.069 25.2 0.138 15.9 0.66.7 4.78 200 1,925 1,794 36.6 0.065 25.9 0.131 16.4 0.66.7 5.16 200 2,054 1,914 37.7 0.062 26.7 0.123 16.9 0.66.7 3.96 250 1,397 1,302 34.0 0.144 24.0 0.287 15.2 0.66.7 4.45 250 1,544 1,439 35.6 0.131 25.2 0.262 15.9 0.66.7 4.78 250 1,642 1,530 36.6 0.124 25.9 0.247 16.4 0.66.7 5.16 250 1,752 1,633 37.7 0.117 26.7 0.233 16.9 0.

Metric Units

Effectiv

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLenCha




hartsD


63

2.4 0.023 10.1 0.035 8.8 0.0473.0 0.021 10.6 0.032 9.2 0.0423.4 0.020 10.9 0.030 9.5 0.0403.8 0.019 11.3 0.028 9.8 0.0382.4 0.190 10.1 0.285 8.8 0.3793.0 0.173 10.6 0.259 9.2 0.3453.4 0.163 10.9 0.244 9.5 0.3263.8 0.153 11.3 0.230 9.8 0.3062.4 0.516 10.1 0.774 8.8 1.0323.0 0.469 10.6 0.704 9.2 0.9393.4 0.443 10.9 0.664 9.5 0.8863.8 0.417 11.3 0.625 9.8 0.8342.4 1.002 10.1 1.503 8.8 2.0043.0 0.912 10.6 1.367 9.2 1.8233.4 0.860 10.9 1.290 9.5 1.7203.8 0.810 11.3 1.214 9.8 1.619

7.8 0.002 14.5 0.003 12.6 0.0048.9 0.002 15.4 0.003 13.4 0.0039.7 0.002 16.1 0.002 13.9 0.003

rce (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

m * m m * m m *

73.0 3.96 100 4,415 4,114 39.3 0.002 27.8 0.005 17.6 0.012 173.0 4.45 100 4,886 4,553 41.2 0.002 29.1 0.004 18.4 0.011 173.0 4.78 100 5,200 4,846 42.4 0.002 30.0 0.004 18.9 0.010 173.0 5.16 100 5,555 5,177 43.7 0.002 30.9 0.004 19.5 0.009 173.0 3.96 150 2,613 2,435 39.3 0.019 27.8 0.038 17.6 0.095 173.0 4.45 150 2,892 2,695 41.2 0.017 29.1 0.035 18.4 0.086 173.0 4.78 150 3,078 2,869 42.4 0.016 30.0 0.033 18.9 0.081 173.0 5.16 150 3,288 3,064 43.7 0.015 30.9 0.031 19.5 0.077 173.0 3.96 200 2,035 1,896 39.3 0.052 27.8 0.103 17.6 0.258 173.0 4.45 200 2,252 2,099 41.2 0.047 29.1 0.094 18.4 0.235 173.0 4.78 200 2,397 2,234 42.4 0.044 30.0 0.089 18.9 0.222 173.0 5.16 200 2,560 2,386 43.7 0.042 30.9 0.083 19.5 0.208 173.0 3.96 250 1,724 1,606 39.3 0.100 27.8 0.201 17.6 0.501 173.0 4.45 250 1,907 1,778 41.2 0.091 29.1 0.182 18.4 0.456 173.0 4.78 250 2,030 1,892 42.4 0.086 30.0 0.172 18.9 0.430 173.0 5.16 250 2,169 2,021 43.7 0.081 30.9 0.162 19.5 0.405 1

88.9 4.45 100 11,542 10,756 56.2 0.000 39.7 0.000 25.1 0.001 188.9 5.16 100 13,171 12,274 59.8 0.000 42.3 0.000 26.7 0.001 188.9 5.69 100 14,356 13,378 62.3 0.000 44.0 0.000 27.8 0.001 1


Effective Axial Fo

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri




hartsD


001 20.6 0.001 16.8 0.002 14.5 0.003029 17.8 0.058 14.5 0.087 12.6 0.117026 18.9 0.051 15.4 0.077 13.4 0.103024 19.7 0.048 16.1 0.071 13.9 0.095022 20.6 0.044 16.8 0.065 14.5 0.087096 17.8 0.193 14.5 0.289 12.6 0.385085 18.9 0.170 15.4 0.255 13.4 0.340079 19.7 0.157 16.1 0.236 13.9 0.314072 20.6 0.144 16.8 0.216 14.5 0.288203 17.8 0.405 14.5 0.608 12.6 0.810179 18.9 0.358 15.4 0.537 13.4 0.716165 19.7 0.330 16.1 0.495 13.9 0.661151 20.6 0.303 16.8 0.454 14.5 0.605

004 28.2 0.008 23.0 0.012 19.9 0.016004 29.3 0.007 23.9 0.011 20.7 0.015003 30.7 0.007 25.1 0.010 21.7 0.013023 28.2 0.046 23.0 0.068 19.9 0.091021 29.3 0.042 23.9 0.063 20.7 0.084019 30.7 0.038 25.1 0.058 21.7 0.077057 28.2 0.114 23.0 0.172 19.9 0.229


e Axial Force (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

gth nge

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

* m m * m m * m m *

64

88.9 6.35 100 15,778 14,704 65.0 0.000 46.0 0.000 29.1 0.88.9 4.45 150 4,920 4,585 56.2 0.006 39.7 0.012 25.1 0.88.9 5.16 150 5,614 5,232 59.8 0.005 42.3 0.010 26.7 0.88.9 5.69 150 6,119 5,702 62.3 0.005 44.0 0.010 27.8 0.88.9 6.35 150 6,725 6,267 65.0 0.004 46.0 0.009 29.1 0.88.9 4.45 200 3,648 3,400 56.2 0.019 39.7 0.039 25.1 0.88.9 5.16 200 4,163 3,880 59.8 0.017 42.3 0.034 26.7 0.88.9 5.69 200 4,538 4,229 62.3 0.016 44.0 0.031 27.8 0.88.9 6.35 200 4,987 4,648 65.0 0.014 46.0 0.029 29.1 0.88.9 4.45 250 3,030 2,823 56.2 0.041 39.7 0.081 25.1 0.88.9 5.16 250 3,457 3,222 59.8 0.036 42.3 0.072 26.7 0.88.9 5.69 250 3,768 3,512 62.3 0.033 44.0 0.066 27.8 0.88.9 6.35 250 4,142 3,860 65.0 0.030 46.0 0.061 29.1 0.

114.3 5.18 150 12,521 11,669 89.1 0.001 63.0 0.002 39.9 0.114.3 5.69 150 13,624 12,697 92.7 0.001 65.6 0.001 41.5 0.114.3 6.35 150 15,027 14,004 97.1 0.001 68.7 0.001 43.4 0.114.3 5.18 200 8,081 7,531 89.1 0.005 63.0 0.009 39.9 0.114.3 5.69 200 8,793 8,195 92.7 0.004 65.6 0.008 41.5 0.114.3 6.35 200 9,699 9,038 97.1 0.004 68.7 0.008 43.4 0.114.3 5.18 250 6,422 5,985 89.1 0.011 63.0 0.023 39.9 0.

Metric Units

Effectiv

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLenCha




hartsD


65

9.3 0.106 23.9 0.158 20.7 0.2110.7 0.096 25.1 0.144 21.7 0.193

rce (kg)

5,000 7,500 10,000

odLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

m * m m * m m *

114.3 5.69 250 6,988 6,512 92.7 0.011 65.6 0.021 41.5 0.053 2114.3 6.35 250 7,707 7,183 97.1 0.010 68.7 0.019 43.4 0.048 3


Effective Axial Fo

500 1,000 2,500

CT OD WallHole

IDHBL (air)

HBL (water)

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

PeriodLength Change

Peri




66

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsHelical Lockup

Helical LockupWhen compressive axial forces in excess of the helical buckling load are applied to CT in a hole, the CT buckles into a helical shape. This helical shape causes additional radial wall contact forces, which causes additional friction. After the CT becomes helically buckled, frictin increases as the square of the axial force. A point is reached at which this becomes a vicious-circle and any additional axial force is lost due to the additional friction. This locking of the CT in the hole is called helical lockup.

Helical lockup is not dangerous, in that it usually does no damage to the CT. However, it is limiting because it limits the amount of force that can be applied at the end of the CT or it lim-its how far CT can be pushed in a horizontal well.

Modeling of this helical lockup is complicated. It is not possible to prepare a few tables that show when helical lockup will occur. The graphs in this section of the paper were prepared using the Cerberus™ Coiled Tubing Modeling software written by CTES, L.C. These graphs may be used only as guides to give an indication of the effect of helical lockup. A computer model such as Cerberus™ must be used for specific situations.

Horizontal Reach. The following horizontal reach graphs show how far CT can be pushed in a straight horizontal cased hole. The CT, with no tool on the end, is pushed until helical lockup occurs, limiting further penetration. The density of the fluid in the well and in the CT affects the buoyant weight and thus the possible horizontal reach. Two fluid densi-ties were used, 0 and 8.6 pounds per gallon (ppg). Four curves are shown on each graph for the four possible combinations of these two fluid densities in the two conduits (the CT and the well). The following points must be taken into consideration in using these graphs:

• These graphs are given for only one wall thickness for each CT size. Changing the wall thickness has a minimal impact on the horizontal reach.

• The friction coefficients used in these calculations are the coefficients which CTES has found to be conservative in cased hole and pipeline applications.

• These curves assume that all of the force required to push the CT is available at the input end of the hole. In many horizontal well applications it is not possible to trans-fer enough axial force to the beginning of the horizontal section of the well to push the CT all the way to helical lockup..

Maximum Weight. The following maximum weight graphs show the maximum downhole force that the CT can apply in a vertical cased hole. Weight is set down on the CT with no tool on the end until helical lockup occurs. The maximum weights shown in these graphs are the force on the end of the CT when helical lockup occurs. The following points must be considered in using these graphs:

• These graphs are given for only one wall thickness for each CT size. Increasing the wall thickness will increase the maximum weight, and decreasing the wall thickness will decrease the maximum weight.

• The friction coefficients used in these calculations are the coefficients that CTES has found to be conservative in cased hole applications.

• The maximum weight is independent of the well depth as long as the well is deep enough for the helical lockup to occur.

1


Horizontal Reach1.00” x 0.095” Coiled Tubing

25.4mm x 2.41mm Coiled Tubing

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500

Lockup Depth (ft)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)

CT - 0 ppg, Well - 0 ppg CT - 0 ppg, Well - 8.6 ppgCT - 8.6 ppg, Well - 0 ppg CT - 8.6 ppg, Well - 8.6 ppg

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750 2,000

Lockup Depth (m)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)

CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3 CT - 0 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 0 kg/m3 CT - 1031 kg/m3, Well - 1031 kg/m3

2


1.25” x 0.109” Coiled Tubing


2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000

Lockup Depth

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)

CT - 8.6 ppg, Well - 0 ppg CT - 0 ppg, Well - 0 ppgCT - 0 ppg, Well - 8.6 ppg CT - 8.6 ppg, Well - 8.6 ppg

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

Lockup Depth (m)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


3




2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000

Lockup Depth

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000

Lockup Depth (m)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


4



44.mm x 3.40mm Coiled Tubing

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000

Lockup Depth (ft)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

500 1,500 2,500 3,500 4,500 5,500 6,500 7,500

Lockup Depth (m)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


5




3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000

Lockup Depth (ft)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

500 1,500 2,500 3,500 4,500

Lockup Depth (m)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


6




3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000

Lockup Depth (ft)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000

Lockup Depth (m)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


7



73mm x 5.16mm Coiled Tubing

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 19,000 20,000

Lockup Depth (ft)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000

Lockup Depth (m)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


8


Maximum Weight1.00” x 0.095” Coiled Tubing


2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400

Maximum Weight (lb)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Maximum Weight (kg)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


9


.25” x 0.109” Coiled Tubing


2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750 2,000 2,250 2,500 2,750 3,000

Maximum Weight (lb)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500

Maximum Weight (kg)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


10




2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000

Maximum Weight (lb)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

Maximum Weight (kg)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


11




2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000

Maximum Weight (lb)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

500 1,500 2,500 3,500 4,500 5,500 6,500

Maximum Weight (kg)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


12




3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000

Maximum Weight (lb)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

500 1,500 2,500 3,500 4,500

Maximum Weight (kg)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


13




3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

3,000 5,000 7,000 9,000 11,000 13,000 15,000 17,000 19,000

Maximum Weight (lb)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000

Maximum Weight (kg)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


14



73mm x 5.16mm Coiled Tubing

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

5,000 8,000 11,000 14,000 17,000 20,000 23,000 26,000 29,000 32,000 35,000

Maximum Weight (lb)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(in

)


50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000

Maximum Weight (kg)

Ho

le D

iam

eter

(m

m)


15


16

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsCatastrophic Buckling

Catastrophic Buckling

It is possible for catastrophic buckling of the CT to occur in the unsupported length between the bottom of the injector chains and the top of the stripper when snubbing into a well as shown in the following picture.

The Catastrophic Buckling tables are used to calculate the amount of axial compressive load that can safely be applied to the CT in this unsupported length.

To use these tables:

1. Measure the unsupported length, defined as the vertical length from the top of the stripper guide to the centerline of the lower chain sprockets.

2. Look up the value from the table in the appropriate unsupported length column for the CT size of interest.

3. Multiply the value from the table by the yield strength of the CT material. For the English units table the yield strength must be in psi. For the Metric units table the yield strength must be in MPa. The result is the maximum safe axial compressive load (including a 50% safety factor) in the unsupported section in pounds for the English units and Newtons for the Metric table.

Example

The unsupported length is 14 inches for 1.5" diameter, 0.109" wall CT with a yield strength of 80,000 psi. The value from the English units table is 0.1381. 80,000 X 0.1381 = 11,048 lb.In Metric the unsupported length is 350 mm for 38.10 mm diameter, 2.77 mm wall CT with a yield strength of 552 MPa. The value from the Metric units table is 90.3. 552 X 90.3 = 49,845 Newtons.

EquationsThe equation for the radius of gyration is:

r r rg o i= +12

2 2

1

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsCatastrophic Buckling

The equation for the slenderness ratio is:

The equation for the buckling load is:

This value is multiplied by 0.5 to provide a factor of safety of 2.

Nomenclature

ReferencesNewman, K., Aasen, J.: “Catastrophic Buckling of Coiled Tubing in the Injector,” SPE 46007, SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing Roundtable, Houston, Texas, 15-16 April 1998

A = cross sectional area of the CT wall = Ao - AIL = length of the unsupported CT sectionrI = internal radius of the CTro = external radius of the CTrg = radius of gyration of the CTPb = buckling loadξ = slenderness ratio

σy = yield stress of the CT

ξ = L rg

( )21 0.03b

y

P Aσ ξ

=+

2


hartsC

atastrophic Buckling

3

)

18 20 22 24

* in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 *

1 0.0331 0.0282 0.0243 0.02109 0.0354 0.0302 0.0259 0.02252 0.0373 0.0318 0.0273 0.02374 0.0392 0.0334 0.0286 0.0248

5 0.0585 0.0510 0.0446 0.03937 0.0630 0.0548 0.0479 0.04220 0.0667 0.0581 0.0508 0.04463 0.0704 0.0612 0.0535 0.04706 0.0749 0.0651 0.0569 0.04996 0.0783 0.0680 0.0594 0.05215 0.0825 0.0716 0.0625 0.05493 0.0874 0.0758 0.0661 0.05808 0.0921 0.0798 0.0696 0.06107 0.0996 0.0862 0.0750 0.0657

7 0.0963 0.0855 0.0760 0.06786 0.1024 0.0908 0.0808 0.07203 0.1083 0.0961 0.0854 0.07618 0.1158 0.1026 0.0911 0.08123 0.1214 0.1075 0.0955 0.08503 0.1285 0.1137 0.1009 0.08989 0.1368 0.1210 0.1073 0.09551 0.1448 0.1280 0.1134 0.10093 0.1579 0.1394 0.1234 0.1097

5 0.1423 0.1284 0.1159 0.10471 0.1509 0.1361 0.1228 0.1109

Catastrophic BucklingEnglish Units **

Outside Diameter

(in)

Wall Thickness

(in)

Unsupported Length (in

4 6 8 10 12 14 16

in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2

1.000 0.087 0.1097 0.0954 0.0806 0.0672 0.0559 0.0466 0.0391.000 0.095 0.1186 0.1029 0.0868 0.0722 0.0600 0.0499 0.0411.000 0.102 0.1261 0.1092 0.0920 0.0765 0.0634 0.0527 0.0441.000 0.109 0.1335 0.1154 0.0971 0.0806 0.0667 0.0554 0.046

1.250 0.087 0.1465 0.1335 0.1187 0.1039 0.0902 0.0780 0.0671.250 0.095 0.1587 0.1445 0.1283 0.1122 0.0973 0.0840 0.0721.250 0.102 0.1693 0.1539 0.1366 0.1193 0.1033 0.0892 0.0771.250 0.109 0.1796 0.1632 0.1446 0.1262 0.1092 0.0942 0.0811.250 0.118 0.1927 0.1748 0.1548 0.1349 0.1165 0.1004 0.0861.250 0.125 0.2027 0.1837 0.1625 0.1414 0.1221 0.1051 0.0901.250 0.134 0.2153 0.1949 0.1721 0.1496 0.1290 0.1110 0.0951.250 0.145 0.2303 0.2082 0.1836 0.1593 0.1372 0.1178 0.1011.250 0.156 0.2450 0.2211 0.1946 0.1686 0.1450 0.1244 0.1061.250 0.175 0.2693 0.2425 0.2128 0.1839 0.1577 0.1350 0.115

1.500 0.095 0.1982 0.1854 0.1701 0.1538 0.1377 0.1225 0.1081.500 0.102 0.2116 0.1979 0.1814 0.1639 0.1466 0.1304 0.1151.500 0.109 0.2249 0.2102 0.1926 0.1739 0.1554 0.1381 0.1221.500 0.118 0.2417 0.2257 0.2067 0.1864 0.1665 0.1478 0.1301.500 0.125 0.2546 0.2377 0.2174 0.1960 0.1749 0.1551 0.1371.500 0.134 0.2710 0.2527 0.2310 0.2080 0.1855 0.1644 0.1451.500 0.145 0.2906 0.2708 0.2473 0.2224 0.1980 0.1754 0.1541.500 0.156 0.3098 0.2885 0.2631 0.2364 0.2103 0.1860 0.1641.500 0.175 0.3422 0.3181 0.2895 0.2596 0.2305 0.2035 0.179

1.750 0.102 0.2533 0.2411 0.2259 0.2089 0.1913 0.1740 0.1571.750 0.109 0.2695 0.2564 0.2401 0.2219 0.2031 0.1846 0.167

* Multiply by the yield stress in pounds per square inch (psi) to obtain the compressive force in pounds.** Includes 50% safety factor


hartsC


1 0.1792 0.1617 0.1457 0.1314 0.11874 0.1884 0.1699 0.1531 0.1380 0.12463 0.2000 0.1802 0.1623 0.1463 0.13209 0.2138 0.1926 0.1733 0.1561 0.14080 0.2273 0.2046 0.1840 0.1656 0.14932 0.2497 0.2245 0.2017 0.1813 0.16338 0.2644 0.2375 0.2132 0.1916 0.1724

4 0.2139 0.1962 0.1796 0.1642 0.15027 0.2297 0.2106 0.1927 0.1762 0.16100 0.2419 0.2217 0.2028 0.1853 0.16939 0.2573 0.2357 0.2155 0.1968 0.17982 0.2757 0.2524 0.2306 0.2106 0.19220 0.2938 0.2688 0.2454 0.2240 0.20443 0.3240 0.2961 0.2702 0.2463 0.22464 0.3440 0.3142 0.2865 0.2610 0.23793 0.3665 0.3344 0.3047 0.2774 0.2526

7 0.3241 0.3027 0.2819 0.2620 0.24325 0.3454 0.3225 0.3002 0.2789 0.25880 0.3710 0.3462 0.3221 0.2992 0.27751 0.3962 0.3695 0.3437 0.3191 0.29589 0.4387 0.4089 0.3800 0.3525 0.32665 0.4671 0.4352 0.4042 0.3748 0.34712 0.4992 0.4648 0.4315 0.3998 0.37017 0.5672 0.5273 0.4889 0.4525 0.4183

7 0.4350 0.4099 0.3851 0.3610 0.3378

Catastrophic Buckling (CONT)

ength (in)

16 18 20 22 24

in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 *

4

1.750 0.118 0.2900 0.2758 0.2581 0.2384 0.2181 0.1981.750 0.125 0.3058 0.2907 0.2719 0.2510 0.2295 0.2081.750 0.134 0.3259 0.3096 0.2894 0.2670 0.2440 0.2211.750 0.145 0.3500 0.3324 0.3105 0.2862 0.2613 0.2361.750 0.156 0.3738 0.3548 0.3311 0.3050 0.2782 0.2521.750 0.175 0.4140 0.3924 0.3658 0.3365 0.3064 0.2771.750 0.188 0.4408 0.4175 0.3889 0.3573 0.3251 0.293

2.000 0.109 0.3137 0.3020 0.2869 0.2697 0.2512 0.2322.000 0.118 0.3379 0.3251 0.3088 0.2901 0.2701 0.2492.000 0.125 0.3565 0.3430 0.3257 0.3058 0.2846 0.2632.000 0.134 0.3803 0.3657 0.3471 0.3258 0.3030 0.2792.000 0.145 0.4089 0.3931 0.3729 0.3498 0.3251 0.3002.000 0.156 0.4372 0.4201 0.3983 0.3734 0.3469 0.3202.000 0.175 0.4850 0.4658 0.4412 0.4132 0.3834 0.3532.000 0.188 0.5171 0.4963 0.4699 0.4397 0.4077 0.3752.000 0.203 0.5535 0.5309 0.5022 0.4696 0.4351 0.400

2.375 0.125 0.4320 0.4203 0.4050 0.3869 0.3669 0.3452.375 0.134 0.4612 0.4486 0.4322 0.4127 0.3912 0.3682.375 0.145 0.4965 0.4829 0.4650 0.4439 0.4206 0.3962.375 0.156 0.5314 0.5167 0.4974 0.4747 0.4496 0.4232.375 0.175 0.5908 0.5742 0.5525 0.5269 0.4986 0.4682.375 0.188 0.6308 0.6129 0.5895 0.5619 0.5315 0.4992.375 0.203 0.6762 0.6568 0.6314 0.6016 0.5687 0.5342.375 0.236 0.7737 0.7509 0.7212 0.6863 0.6479 0.607

2.625 0.145 0.5545 0.5421 0.5256 0.5058 0.4836 0.459

English Units **

Outside Diameter

(in)

Wall Thickness

(in)

Unsupported L

4 6 8 10 12 14

in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 *



hartsC


5

0 0.4380 0.4114 0.3855 0.36069 0.4857 0.4559 0.4269 0.39910 0.5176 0.4856 0.4545 0.42486 0.5537 0.5192 0.4858 0.45380 0.6304 0.5905 0.5519 0.5150

7 0.5069 0.4799 0.4533 0.42739 0.5628 0.5327 0.5028 0.47387 0.6004 0.5680 0.5360 0.50490 0.6431 0.6081 0.5736 0.54019 0.7343 0.6937 0.6538 0.6150

7 0.6782 0.6519 0.6251 0.59817 0.7551 0.7255 0.6954 0.66527 0.8070 0.7752 0.7428 0.71044 0.8661 0.8318 0.7968 0.76183 0.9936 0.9536 0.9129 0.8722

9 1.2225 1.1912 1.1584 1.12451 1.3347 1.3003 1.2643 1.22706 1.4014 1.3651 1.3271 1.28789 1.4787 1.4401 1.3998 1.3582

7 2.6381 2.6047 2.5688 2.53056 2.8167 2.7808 2.7423 2.7012

)

18 20 22 24

* in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 *

2.625 0.156 0.5938 0.5804 0.5627 0.5413 0.5174 0.4917 0.4652.625 0.175 0.6609 0.6457 0.6257 0.6017 0.5747 0.5458 0.5152.625 0.188 0.7061 0.6897 0.6681 0.6423 0.6132 0.5822 0.5502.625 0.203 0.7575 0.7398 0.7164 0.6884 0.6570 0.6234 0.5882.625 0.236 0.8683 0.8475 0.8201 0.7873 0.7506 0.7114 0.671

2.875 0.156 0.6561 0.6438 0.6273 0.6073 0.5846 0.5598 0.5332.875 0.175 0.7307 0.7168 0.6982 0.6757 0.6501 0.6222 0.5922.875 0.188 0.7811 0.7661 0.7461 0.7219 0.6943 0.6643 0.6322.875 0.203 0.8386 0.8223 0.8006 0.7744 0.7445 0.7121 0.6782.875 0.236 0.9625 0.9435 0.9180 0.8873 0.8524 0.8146 0.774

3.500 0.156 0.8111 0.8009 0.7871 0.7700 0.7500 0.7278 0.7033.500 0.175 0.9046 0.8931 0.8775 0.8583 0.8358 0.8108 0.7833.500 0.188 0.9679 0.9556 0.9388 0.9180 0.8939 0.8669 0.8373.500 0.203 1.0403 1.0269 1.0087 0.9862 0.9601 0.9309 0.8993.500 0.236 1.1971 1.1814 1.1601 1.1338 1.1032 1.0691 1.032

4.500 0.204 1.3681 1.3576 1.3432 1.3250 1.3036 1.2790 1.2514.500 0.224 1.4952 1.4836 1.4677 1.4477 1.4240 1.3970 1.3674.500 0.236 1.5708 1.5585 1.5417 1.5207 1.4957 1.4672 1.4354.500 0.250 1.6584 1.6454 1.6276 1.6052 1.5787 1.5484 1.514

6.625 0.280 2.7827 2.7729 2.7592 2.7417 2.7207 2.6963 2.6686.625 0.300 2.9720 2.9614 2.9467 2.9280 2.9055 2.8792 2.849

Catastrophic Buckling (CONT)English Units **

Outside Diameter

(in)

Wall Thickness

(in)

Unsupported Length (in

4 6 8 10 12 14 16

in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2 * in2



hartsC

atastrophic BucklingCatastrophic Buckling

ength (mm)

400 450 500 550 600

* mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 *

25.8 21.8 18.6 16.1 13.927.6 23.4 19.9 17.2 14.929.1 24.6 21.0 18.1 15.730.6 25.9 22.1 19.0 16.4

44.3 38.5 33.6 29.4 25.947.7 41.5 36.1 31.6 27.950.6 43.9 38.3 33.5 29.553.4 46.3 40.3 35.3 31.156.9 49.3 42.9 37.5 33.059.5 51.6 44.8 39.2 34.562.8 54.3 47.2 41.3 36.366.6 57.6 50.0 43.7 38.370.2 60.7 52.7 45.9 40.376.1 65.6 56.9 49.6 43.5

71.2 63.2 56.2 50.1 44.775.7 67.2 59.7 53.2 47.580.1 71.1 63.1 56.2 50.285.7 76.0 67.4 60.0 53.589.9 79.7 70.7 62.9 56.095.2 84.3 74.8 66.4 59.2

101.5 89.8 79.6 70.7 62.9107.6 95.1 84.2 74.7 66.5117.5 103.7 91.7 81.3 72.3

102.9 93.1 84.2 76.1 68.9

6

Metric Units **

Outside Diameter

(mm)

Wall Thickness

(mm)

Unsupported L

100 150 200 250 300 350

mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2

25.40 2.210 71.1 62.0 52.6 44.0 36.7 30.725.40 2.413 76.8 66.9 56.6 47.3 39.4 32.925.40 2.591 81.7 71.0 60.0 50.1 41.6 34.725.40 2.769 86.4 75.0 63.3 52.8 43.8 36.5

31.75 2.210 94.8 86.6 77.2 67.8 59.0 51.131.75 2.413 102.7 93.7 83.5 73.2 63.6 55.131.75 2.591 109.5 99.8 88.8 77.8 67.6 58.531.75 2.769 116.2 105.8 94.1 82.3 71.4 61.831.75 2.997 124.6 113.4 100.7 88.0 76.2 65.931.75 3.175 131.1 119.2 105.7 92.3 79.9 68.931.75 3.404 139.2 126.4 112.0 97.6 84.4 72.831.75 3.683 149.0 135.1 119.4 104.0 89.8 77.331.75 3.962 158.5 143.5 126.7 110.1 94.9 81.631.75 4.445 174.3 157.3 138.5 120.1 103.2 88.6

38.10 2.413 128.1 120.1 110.4 100.1 89.8 80.138.10 2.591 136.7 128.1 117.8 106.6 95.6 85.238.10 2.769 145.3 136.1 125.0 113.1 101.4 90.338.10 2.997 156.2 146.2 134.1 121.3 108.6 96.638.10 3.175 164.5 153.9 141.1 127.5 114.1 101.438.10 3.404 175.1 163.7 150.0 135.4 121.0 107.538.10 3.683 187.8 175.4 160.5 144.7 129.2 114.738.10 3.962 200.3 186.8 170.8 153.9 137.2 121.638.10 4.445 221.2 206.0 188.0 169.0 150.4 133.1

44.45 2.591 163.7 156.0 146.4 135.6 124.5 113.5* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Newtons.** Includes 50% safety factor


hartsC


7

2 98.8 89.2 80.6 72.91 105.8 95.6 86.3 78.01 111.2 100.4 90.6 81.97 118.0 106.5 96.1 86.88 126.1 113.7 102.5 92.66 134.0 120.7 108.8 98.22 147.0 132.3 119.1 107.49 155.6 139.9 125.9 113.4

5 128.2 117.5 107.6 98.58 137.6 126.1 115.4 105.78 144.8 132.7 121.4 111.18 154.0 141.0 129.0 118.08 164.9 150.9 138.0 126.26 175.6 160.6 146.8 134.14 193.5 176.9 161.5 147.45 205.4 187.6 171.1 156.21 218.6 199.5 181.9 165.9

9 197.2 184.0 171.2 159.17 210.1 195.9 182.2 169.34 225.6 210.2 195.5 181.68 240.8 224.3 208.5 193.65 266.5 248.1 230.4 213.80 283.6 263.9 245.0 227.29 303.0 281.7 261.4 242.32 343.8 319.2 295.9 273.9

)

450 500 550 600

* mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 *

44.45 2.769 174.1 165.9 155.6 144.1 132.2 120.4 109.44.45 2.997 187.4 178.4 167.3 154.8 141.9 129.2 117.44.45 3.175 197.6 188.1 176.2 163.0 149.4 135.9 123.44.45 3.404 210.5 200.3 187.6 173.4 158.8 144.4 130.44.45 3.683 226.1 215.1 201.3 185.9 170.1 154.5 139.44.45 3.962 241.5 229.5 214.6 198.1 181.1 164.4 148.44.45 4.445 267.4 253.9 237.2 218.6 199.5 180.9 163.44.45 4.775 284.8 270.2 252.1 232.2 211.7 191.7 172.

50.80 2.769 202.6 195.2 185.8 174.9 163.2 151.3 139.50.80 2.997 218.2 210.2 200.0 188.1 175.5 162.6 149.50.80 3.175 230.2 221.8 210.9 198.3 184.9 171.2 157.50.80 3.404 245.6 236.4 224.7 211.3 196.9 182.2 167.50.80 3.683 264.1 254.1 241.5 226.9 211.3 195.4 179.50.80 3.962 282.3 271.6 257.9 242.2 225.4 208.4 191.50.80 4.445 313.3 301.2 285.7 268.0 249.2 230.1 211.50.80 4.775 334.0 320.9 304.3 285.3 265.0 244.5 224.50.80 5.156 357.5 343.3 325.3 304.7 282.8 260.7 239.

60.33 3.175 278.9 271.6 262.0 250.6 238.0 224.6 210.60.33 3.404 297.7 289.9 279.6 267.3 253.8 239.4 224.60.33 3.683 320.5 312.0 300.8 287.5 272.8 257.3 241.60.33 3.962 343.1 333.9 321.8 307.5 291.6 274.9 257.60.33 4.445 381.4 371.0 357.4 341.3 323.5 304.7 285.60.33 4.775 407.2 396.0 381.3 364.0 344.8 324.6 304.60.33 5.156 436.6 424.4 408.5 389.7 369.0 347.1 324.60.33 5.994 499.5 485.3 466.6 444.6 420.4 395.0 369.

Catastrophic Buckling (CONT)Metric Units **

Outside Diameter

(mm)

Wall Thickness

(mm)

Unsupported Length (mm

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2

* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Newtons.** Includes 50% safety factor


hartsC


282.6 266.7 251.0 235.6 220.7302.2 285.1 268.1 251.6 235.6335.3 316.1 297.1 278.6 260.8357.5 336.9 316.5 296.7 277.6382.6 360.4 338.4 317.1 296.6436.2 410.4 385.0 360.3 336.7

346.5 329.5 312.4 295.4 278.8384.9 365.9 346.7 327.7 309.2410.8 390.3 369.7 349.4 329.5440.2 418.1 395.9 373.9 352.5503.2 477.5 451.7 426.2 401.4

456.0 439.9 423.3 406.3 389.2507.9 489.8 471.1 452.0 432.8542.9 523.5 503.4 482.9 462.2582.9 561.9 540.2 518.0 495.7669.1 644.6 619.3 593.5 567.7

810.0 791.4 771.7 751.1 729.7884.5 864.2 842.5 819.7 796.2928.9 907.4 884.5 860.5 835.7

2 980.2 957.4 933.1 907.7 881.4

4 1724.1 1704.9 1684.0 1661.4 1637.46 1841.0 1820.4 1797.9 1773.6 1747.8

Catastrophic Buckling (CONT)

ength (mm)

400 450 500 550 600

* mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 *

8

66.68 3.683 358.0 350.2 339.8 327.4 313.4 298.366.68 3.962 383.3 374.9 363.8 350.4 335.3 319.166.68 4.445 426.6 417.1 404.6 389.5 372.5 354.266.68 4.775 455.8 445.6 432.0 415.8 397.5 377.866.68 5.156 489.0 477.9 463.3 445.6 425.9 404.666.68 5.994 560.5 547.5 530.3 509.7 486.6 461.8

73.03 3.962 423.5 415.8 405.5 392.9 378.6 363.073.03 4.445 471.6 463.0 451.3 437.2 421.1 403.573.03 4.775 504.2 494.8 482.3 467.0 449.7 430.873.03 5.156 541.3 531.1 517.5 501.0 482.2 461.873.03 5.994 621.3 609.4 593.4 574.1 552.2 528.3

88.90 3.962 523.4 517.1 508.4 497.7 485.2 471.288.90 4.445 583.8 576.6 566.9 554.8 540.7 524.988.90 4.775 624.7 616.9 606.4 593.4 578.2 561.388.90 5.156 671.4 663.0 651.6 637.5 621.1 602.888.90 5.994 772.6 762.8 749.4 732.9 713.7 692.3

114.30 5.182 882.8 876.2 867.2 855.9 842.4 827.0114.30 5.690 964.8 957.6 947.6 935.1 920.3 903.3114.30 5.994 1013.6 1006.0 995.4 982.2 966.6 948.7114.30 6.350 1070.2 1062.0 1050.9 1036.9 1020.2 1001.

168.28 7.112 1795.5 1789.3 1780.7 1769.8 1756.7 1741.168.28 7.620 1917.6 1911.0 1901.8 1890.1 1876.0 1859.

Metric Units **

Outside Diameter

(mm)

Wall Thickness

(mm)

Unsupported L

100 150 200 250 300 350

mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2 * mm2

* Multiply by the yield stress in Mega Pascals to obtain the compressive force in Newtons.** Includes 50% safety factor

Pipe Data Tables & ChartsHydraulics

HydraulicsIn most coiled tubing (CT) applications such as cleanouts, well unloading, acidizing, stimulation, drilling, etc., fluid (liquid, gas, or multiphase mixture of liquid and gas) is pumped through the CT to a desired depth in the wellbore, and returned up the annulus. Water, air, nitrogen, diesel, brines, acids, gels, and foams are among the many commonly pumped fluids through CT in these various applications. Thus, depending on the fluid type and properties, system pressures (pump pressure, gooseneck pressure, wellhead pressure, flowing bottom hole pressure) change and affect the pumping requirements. In addition, system pressures are also affected by many other parameters such as pump rate, CT size (length, diameter), reel core diameter, geometry of the wellbore, and surface roughness.

From a fluid mechanics viewpoint, flows that occur during any CT application can be broadly classified as:

• steady (flow is independent of time) or unsteady (flow is time-dependent) • laminar (flow is characterized by layers or streamlines) or turbulent (flow is character-

ized by random mixing and is no longer streamlined) • compressible (fluid density is a strong function of pressure such as in gases) or

incompressible (fluid density is a very weak function of pressure such as for liquids)• single-phase (only one fluid phase exists as either liquid or gas) or multiphase (at

least two phases exist as in liquid and gas or liquid, gas, and solid) • Newtonian (shear stress is linearly related to shear rate) or non-Newtonian (shear

stress is not linearly related to shear rate) • the flow direction can be either upwards or downwards; flow can occur in vertical,

inclined, or horizontal wells; and in tubing or annulus formed between the CT and production tubing/casing.

Therefore, in order to accurately predict the system pressures in any CT operation, all these fluid mechanics aspects and parameters must be taken into careful consideration during the mathematical development of a wellbore hydraulics model for CT applications.

System pressures can be estimated by appropriately accounting for the total pressure

losses ( ) in the CT and annulus. In general, the total pressure loss is comprised of three components, namely:

• hydrostatic pressure loss ( )

• friction pressure loss ( ), and

• acceleration pressure loss ( ).

Moreover, the frictional component of the coiled tubing pressure loss can be further subdivided into two parts: a part that accounts for the friction pressure loss on the reel ( ) before entering the well, and a part that accounts for the straight tubing losses

( ) in the well. Experiments have shown that, in general, reeled tubing pressure losses are greater than the corresponding straight tubing pressure losses. Usually, the acceleration pressure loss is negligible as long as there is no sudden change in cross-sectional area of flow, and is therefore not included here.

From a steady-state mechanical energy balance, the hydrostatic and frictional components of pressure loss can be written as [see Bourgoyne et al. (1991)]

P∆

hP∆

fP∆

aP∆

RTP∆

STP∆

1


(1) and (2)

The mean velocity of the fluid can be found from

(3)

The friction factor in equation 2 is a function of the Reynolds number ( ), defined physically as the ratio of the inertia force to the viscous force. Mathematically, the definition of varies depending on the fluid type (e.g., Newtonian liquids, non-Newtonian liquids, multiphase fluids). In addition, the magnitude of distinguishes a flow from being in the laminar, transitional, or turbulent flow regimes. Thus, the friction factor is found as a function of for all these flow regimes in various fluid types. Similarly, computation of fluid properties (density, viscosity) differ depending on fluid type and will be discussed briefly in separate sub-sections.

Pressure Losses in Liquids. Liquids are most often pumped through CT in any application. Examples of commonly pumped liquids are fresh water, seawater, brines, acids, kerosene, crude oil, diesel, polymer gels, and drilling mud. These fluids can be broadly classified as Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Non-Newtonian liquids can be further subdivided into many categories depending on the rheological model that best describes their fluid behavior. Only the Newtonian model will be discussed in some detail and general methodologies will be presented for other fluid types.

Newtonian Liquids: Fluids that exhibit a linear relationship between the shear stress and shear rate are called Newtonian fluids. Water, brines, acids, and light oils are good examples of Newtonian liquids. The flow is usually characterized by the Reynolds number, which for Newtonian fluids can be written as

(4)

For internal flow of Newtonian fluids through straight tubing, the flow can be classified as either laminar, transitional, or turbulent depending on the magnitude of the Reynolds number. The flow is laminar if is less than or equal to a critical value of 2100. A transitional flow is observed between Reynolds numbers of 2100 and 4000. If is greater than 4000, then the flow is turbulent. The friction factor for straight tubing ( ) in laminar flow is given by

(5)

In turbulent flow, can be expressed as [see Serghides (1984)]

(6)

hPh ρ052.0=∆dLvfPf 8.25

2ρ=∆

2448.2 dQv =

Re

ReRe

Re

µρvd928Re =

ReRe

STf

Re16=STf

STf

( ) 22

781.42781.4781.425.0

−

+−

−−=AB

AfST

2


where

(7)

(8)

However, in the case of flow through reeled tubing (i.e., for the length of CT on the reel), the presence of a secondary flow (commonly referred to as Dean's vortices) perpendicular to the main flow makes the characterization somewhat complicated. In most cases, flow is turbulent in the CT. For turbulent flow, Sas-Jaworsky and Reed (1997) have recently provided a correlation to determine the friction factor in reeled tubing as,

(9)

Clearly, from Eq. (9) the coiled tubing friction factors are greater than the straight tubing friction factors by an amount specified by the reel curvature. Equations (3)-(8) are utilized in equation (2) to compute the friction pressure losses in straight and reeled tubing.

In this section, friction pressure loss graphs for various CT sizes (diameters and wall thickness) are presented for four common oilfield fluids pumped through CT. These four Newtonian fluids are shown in the following table along with their properties.

The graphs depict the friction pressure loss in both straight (when the CT is off the reel) and reeled tubing (when the CT is on the reel) for various flow rates through the CT. A pipe roughness value of 0.0018 in. (corresponding to that of commercial steel pipes) is used in the calculations. For the friction pressure loss plots in reeled tubing, the table below shows the reel core diameters selected for various CT diameters.

These graphs can be readily used to estimate the friction pressure loss for a given CT size, or conversely, select an appropriate CT size depending on the magnitude of the friction pressure loss.

Example 1

Determine the hydrostatic pressure loss in a 10,000 ft long CT section inclined at angle 30º to the vertical. The fluid flowing through the CT is diesel.

Fluid Density (lbm/ft3) Viscosity (cp)

Diesel 51.72 1.62

Fresh Water 62.31 0.99

15% HCI 66.97 1.95

10 ppg (1.2 SG) Brine 74.81 2.30

CT Diameter (in) Core Diameter (ft)

1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 6

2, 2.375, 2.875 8

3.5 11

+−=

Re12

7.3log0.2

edA ε

+−=

Re51.2

7.3log0.2 A

dB

e

ε

reelSTRT D

dff 0075.0+=

3


From the table, density of diesel = 6.91 ppg. The vertical distance

ft. Thus, hydrostatic pressure loss, psi.

Example 2

Consider a 15,000 ft long, 1.5 in. CT with 0.109 in. wall thickness. The length of CT on the reel is 5,000 ft. Determine the total friction pressure loss if fresh water is pumped through the CT at 1 bpm. Use an inside pipe roughness of 0.0018 in. and a reel core diameter of 84 in.

For fresh water, ppg and cp (see above table). The inside diameter

of the CT, in. The velocity of fresh water in the CT can now be calculated as,

ft/s.

Then , the Reynolds number is found to determine if the flow is laminar or turbulent.

Since flow is turbulent. Using this value of and in., the

friction factor in straight tubing can be found as Thus, the friction pressure loss in straight tubing becomes,

psi.

Using in., the friction factor in reeled tubing,

Correspondingly, the friction pressure loss in reeled tubing, psi. Hence, the

total friction pressure loss becomes, psi.

Alternatively, the friction pressure loss in both straight and reeled tubing can be found from the graphs presented in this section. From the graph of friction pressure loss for 1.5 in. CT with 0.109 wall thickness, the pressure loss for fresh water at 1 bpm in straight and reeled tubing is about 160 and 185 psi/1000 ft respectively. Multiplying the straight tubing loss value by 10 gives the pressure loss in 10,000 ft as psi.

Similarly, psi. Thus, the total friction pressure loss,

psi.

Non-Newtonian Liquids. Liquids that exhibit a non-linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate are said to be non-Newtonian. The most widely used non-Newtonian models in the petroleum industry are the Power-Law and Bingham Plastic models (many polymer gels and drilling muds can be described by these two models). Friction pressure loss calculations for Power-Law fluids are dependent on a generalized Reynolds number, and are somewhat different from the corresponding Newtonian computations. On the other hand, Bingham Plastic calculations are similar to the Newtonian friction pressure loss calculations, and only differ in the criteria for determining the onset of turbulence.

866030cos10000 =×=h

3112866091.6052.0 =××=∆ hP

33.8=ρ 99.0=µ

282.1109.025.1 =×−=d

44.10282.1448.2

422 =

×=v

10450799.0

282.144.1033.8928Re =×××=

,2100Re > Re, ,d 0018.0=ε

.00584.0=STf

1604282.18.25

1000044.1033.800584.0 2=

××××=∆ STP

84=reelD .006766.0=RTf

929=∆ RTP

25339291604 =+=∆ fP

1600=∆ STP

9255185 =×=∆ RTP

25259251600 =+=∆ fP

4


Pressure Losses in Gases. Air, nitrogen, and natural gas are frequently pumped through CT, with nitrogen used most often because of its inert properties. Unlike liquids, gases are compressible (gas density is a strong function of pressure) and behave according to the real gas law. Therefore, friction pressure loss for gas flow in CT must take into account density variation with pressure appropriately. In addition, most gases are Newtonian in their fluid behavior. Thus, the criteria for turbulence and evaluation of friction pressure loss are similar to that of Newtonian fluids.

Pressure Losses in Foams. Foams are essentially multiphase fluids and comprise of a mixture of liquid, gas, and surfactant. Although foams are multiphase fluids, their rheological behavior has been observed to be similar to that of Power-Law and Bingham-Plastic fluids. These multiphase mixtures can be water-based or oil-based foams depending on the composition of the liquid medium. The gas phase is usually nitrogen, however, air and carbon dioxide have also been used. The gas phase exists as microscopic bubbles and, in practice, may occupy between 10 to 95 percent of the total foam volume. The ratio of volume fraction of gas to the total volume of foam characterizes the foam in terms of its "quality". Since gas is compressible, the quality of foam depends on both temperature and pressure, and must be accounted for appropriately. The friction loss calculations can then be performed similar to the Power-Law and Bingham-Plastic models, depending on the model used to characterize the foam behavior.

Pressure Losses in Multiphase Fluids. In general, multiphase fluids pumped through CT is a two-phase mixture of liquid and gas. The liquid phase is usually comprised of water, acid, brines or oil, and the gas phase is most often nitrogen, air, or natural gas. The pressure losses of multiphase fluids in any CT operation are usually computed using correlations developed for two-phase flow through tubing. However, the fluid properties (density and viscosity) and friction factor computations differ considerably from the single-phase calculations. The density and viscosity of multiphase fluids can be evaluated by the simple "rule of mixtures" and is dependent on the liquid hold-up (represents the volume fraction of the pipe occupied by the liquid phase). Similarly, the friction factor is also dependent on the liquid hold-up through the two-phase Reynolds number. Clearly, evaluation of liquid hold-up is a critical part of the multiphase computations and erroneous system pressure predictions can result if hold-up is not estimated accurately. Liquid hold-up can either be measured or calculated, and is dependent on the flow regime. Flow regimes in two-phase flow are classified based on whether the flow is vertical or horizontal. In vertical flow, the flow regimes are usually classified as bubble, slug, froth, transition, and mist flow, whereas in horizontal flow, the usual classification is: segregated, intermittent, transition, and distributed. Details on these various flow regimes and how they can be distinguished from one another is quite complex and is not presented here.

5


Nomenclature

References1. Bourgoyne Jr., A. T., Millheim, K. K., Chenevert, M. E., Young Jr., F. S.: "Applied Drill-

ing Engineering," SPE Textbook Series, Vol. 2 (1991).

2. Sas-Jaworsky II, A., and Reed, T. D.: "Predicting Friction Pressure Losses in Coiled Tubing Operations," World Oil (Sept., 1997), 141-146.

3. Serghides, T.K..: "Estimate Friction Factor Accurately," Chemical Engineering (Mar., 1984), 63-64.

= inner diameter of CT (in)

= reel core diameter (in)

= Fanning friction factor

= is the vertical distance between two points on the CT (ft)

= length between two points on the CT (ft)

= flow rate (gpm)

= Reynolds number

= velocity of fluid (ft/s)

Greek Symbols= pressure loss (psi)

= absolute pipe roughness (in)

= viscosity of fluid (cp)

= density of fluid (ppg)

= angle of inclination to the vertical (degrees)

Subscripts= acceleration

= reeled tubing

= friction

= hydrostatic

= straight tubing

d

reelD

f

h θcosLh =

L

Q

Rev

P∆εµ

ρ

θ

a

RT

f

h

ST

6


Straight TubingCT OD = 1.0 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.087 in.

CT OD= 25.4 mm; Wall Thickness = 2.210 mm

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)

DieselFresh Water15% HCl1.2 SG Brine

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


7


CT OD = 1.0 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.095 in.


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


8


Reeled TubingCT OD = 1.0 in.; Wall Thickness = 0.087 in.


0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


9



CT OD = 25.4 mm; Wall Thickness = 2.413 mm

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

50

100

150

200

250

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


10




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


11




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


12




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


13




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


14




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


15




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


16




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


17




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


18




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


19




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(p

si/1

000

ft)


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65

Flow Rate (m^3/min)

Pre

ssu

re L

oss

(K

Pa/

m)


20




0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Flow Rate (bpm)

Pre

ssu

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Well Control Equipment Literature

Complete Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Blowout Preventers (BOP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Features ....................................................................................... 3Options ......................................................................................... 3Operation...................................................................................... 3Blind Ram Assembly .................................................................... 4Pipe Ram Assembly ..................................................................... 5Slip Ram Assembly ...................................................................... 5Shear Ram Assembly................................................................... 6Shear Seal Rams ......................................................................... 9Pipe Slip Rams............................................................................. 9BOP Field Testing ........................................................................ 9

Stripper Packers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Operation...................................................................................... 17Stripper Packer Elements............................................................. 17Top Loading Stripper Packer........................................................ 17Anti-Buckling Device .................................................................... 19Inhibitor Injection .......................................................................... 19Test Pressure ............................................................................... 19

Quick Latches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Hydraconns .................................................................................. 25Injector Connectors ...................................................................... 25Hydraulic Releasing Connector.................................................... 26

Unions & Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Maintenance & Field Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Suggested Maintenance Schedule............................................... 32Field Inspections .......................................................................... 32


• Forged Block Blowout Preventers • Hydraulic Connectors• Top Entry, Sidedoor, Sidewinder, and

Tandem Stripper Packers • Subsea Preventers• Lubricators, Adapter Flanges, and All Styles of Hand Unions

BLOWOUT PREVENTER SYSTEMS

Type EC and EH Model Quad BOPs

• Compact profile designed for highoperational pressure control

• Increased protection against blowouts• Solid block bodies and bonnets made from

forged steel for optimal pressure integrityand safety

• Economical field proven design with a 20year track history

• Wide range of flanged or union connections• Available with Internal or External hydraulic

connections on the cylinders• Single, double, or triple configurations

available• Optional booster cylinders for shearing large, heavy wall CT

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Type EM/EN Model BOP

• Compact, solid block profile and two boltbonnet design provides for easierhandling and quicker ram sealreplacement

• Rams easily changed to accommodateall tubing sizes up to 2.375" diameter

• Oversized shear actuators, with multiple-cut shear blades, allow for repeatedshearing of tubing sizes up to 2.375" atfull 10,000 psi working pressure withoutthe need for booster cylinders

• Hydraulic actuators include a quick unionnut for easy and quick maintenance

• Slip rams have replaceable inserts withan interrupted tooth pattern that reducesslip damage to the coiled tubing andmaximizes grip area

• Available in the EN internally portedhydraulics configuration, or the EMmodel for use with hydraulic hose bridles

Dual Combi Blowout Preventer

• Reduces the overall stack height andweight of the equipment

• Combines the shear rams and the blindrams into one set of shear seal rams

• Slip rams and pipe rams are combinedinto one set of pipe slip rams

• Dual combination available in the EC,EH, EM, EN and the IH models

• Combi technology can be incorporatedinto singles, duals, triples, and quads


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Type IH Model Blowout Preventer

• Environmentally friendly, no loss of hydraulicfluids during ram change and routinecleaning

• Design makes it easier for the user to inspectand clean the unit

• Hydraulic pressure is utilized to back theactuator and rams away from the BOP body

• Hydraulic pressure moves the ram out of thebonnet to let you remove it easily

• Designed and manufactured for highpressure coiled tubingapplications

• Integral porting features inherentin the design use the existingopen and close ports for allhydraulic functions.

Type EI Subsea BOP

• Subsea wellhead intervention BOP which makes up an integral component ofthe lower wellhead riser package

• Features a single line hydraulic system and an automatic, wedge-type,“Autolock” actuator system

• Autolock system securesrams in the closedposition in the event of ahydraulic failure, or anemergency situation thatrequires disconnectingfrom the subsea wellhead

• Built to customer’s specificdesign requirements whichgenerally include a dual-bore valve block with acombination of Blind Shear and Pipe Slip Combi ram assemblies

• Combi rams offer increased functionality, and the ability to use a wide rangeof coiled tubing and wireline sizes in a field-proven, compact design

• All pressure ratings and service applications are available including certification

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STRIPPER PACKER SYSTEMS

Conventional Stripper Packers

• Conventional benchmark pack-off system for the coiledtubing industry since its introduction in the early 1980’s

• Reliability and low-maintenance design is the most costeffective pack-off available

• Designed to pack-off on coiled tubing as it is stripped inand out of the well at pressures up to 10,000 psi

• Uses the “Interlock” packer elements. Easily changedby removing the top entry split cap and using hydraulicpack-off pressure to expose the packer for quickreplacement

Side Door Stripper Packers

• Designed to pack-off on coiled tubingas it is stripped in and out of the well

• Unique design permits replacement ofthe packer elements and bushingsthrough an open “window” below theinjector

• Advantageous design easily allowschanging packers with tubing in the well

• Side Door design permits replacementof the packer, non-extrusion ring, andbushings by hydraulically retracting thepack-off piston to expose an open portalthrough which these elements may bechanged with tubing in the well

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STRIPPER PACKER SYSTEMS

Sidewinder Stripper Packers

• Reduced overall stack height by 50% over standard Side Door models• Retractable packers and bushings enable full through bore capabilities for

running tools through the Stripper Packer• Easy packer change. Hydraulic pressure is used to back the actuator and

packer out of the body with easyaccess to change the packer andbushings

• Tandem operability. The standardSidewinder can be run in tandem

• Low hydraulic pressures

Tandem Stripper Packers

• Designed to run “in tandem” below a conventionalor side door stripper packer and may be runindependently as a back up stripper, or inconjunction with the upper pack-off

• Tandem operation allows lubricant injection underpressure between packers to reduce well pressureand increase packer element life

• Injection porting also allows injection of inhibitorsand de-icing chemicals

• Tandem stripper packers are available in the SideDoor and Sidewinder configurations

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HYDRAULIC QUICK LATCHES / CONNECTORS

Type JU Hydraconn Union

• Design facilitates a secure connection between thecoiled tubing BOP and Stripper Packer, providing anelevated level of personal safety by minimizing theneed for operator assistance during rig-up of thepressure control stack

• Constructed to provide a safe and reliable connectionin a compact, rugged design

• Incorporates a tapered seal bore that facilitatesstabbing the connection

• Safety latch with a manual override and an indicatorincluded to prevent an unintentional release whileoperating with well pressure in the stack

• Available in 3.06, 4.06, 5.12, 6-3/8, and 7.06 sizes inpressure ranges 5,000, 10,000 & 15,000

JHS Hydraulic Releasing Connector

• No hydraulic pressure required to latch• The latch is capable of 1,000,000 lbs of pull• Designed to connect the injector to drill pipe when working on a

drill ship or semi-submersible rig• Unlatching requires hydraulic pressure; a backup manual system

is also incorporated in the tool• Available in 3.06, 4.06, and 5.12 sizes in pressure ranges 5,000

to 15,000 psiQuick Disconnect

• Designed as a safety quickdisconnect for hoses or pipe lines

• Hydraulic pressure will quicklydisconnect the tool and the hoseseven with well bore pressure

• Corrosion resistant alloys provide areliable, extended life

• Redundant secondary well boreseals

• Weco or API hub end connections

Injector Connector

• Safety quick latch between the Stripper Packer and the injectorhead

• Hydraulic pressure is required to latch and unlatch. Nohydraulic pressure is required to retain the tool in the latchedposition

• Designed to latch the injector to the pressure control stackwithout the need for personnel standing underneath theinjector

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COILED TUBING DRILLING / WORKOVER EQUIPMENT

Type EJ Model Annular BOP

• Designed for coiled tubing drilling, snubbing, and wirelineoperations

• Can be used as a stripper/pack-off with coiled tubing inthe well, allowing large BHA’s to be inserted through theannular; or as a CSO Blowout Preventer at times whenthe tubing is out of the well

• Unique features allow quick and efficient packerreplacement, and a shorter overall height

• Configuration has a studded body for quick removal ofthe bonnet and rapid packer removal

• Designed to be lightweight and compact• Includes vented ports between the hydraulic system

seals and the well bore sealsType EG Model 7.06" BOP

• Designed for well servicing, coiled tubingapplications and complete workoveroperation

• Field-proven designs improved upon tooffer a BOP that can be supplied withany combination of Blind, Variable Pipe2-3/8" - 3.50", Slip, and Shear rams foruse with coiled tubing or workoverstrings

• Blind Shear and Pipe Slip Combi ramsavailable for coiled tubing sizes up to3.50" O.D

• Design provides easier and quicker fieldmaintenance, longer service life, andsustained reliability under all types of wellconditions

• Rams may be changed with pipe in thewell

• Large rubber volume in the top seal andfront packer elements increase the ram'sservice lifeWork Window

• Hydraulic work window with large opening, convenient access and ampleworking room

• Dual well bore seals on reciprocating window, with back ups for the maindynamic seal

• Cam lock window has a unique positive lock in the closed position• Reliable, safe design based on TOT Side Door technology• Electronic sensor to indicate the window is closed and locked• Well pressure lock prevents hydraulic pressure from opening the window

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SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT

Tubing Cutter

In response to the needs of the CoiledTubing industry, Texas Oil Tools hasdeveloped a line of Tubing Cutters foruse in a variety of applications.

• Three models are currently availablefor shearing up to 3.50" OD tubing

• Hydraulically operated cutter comesin a configuration as light as 42 lbsfor easy handling

• Generates over 60,000 lbs of force• Requires only one hydraulic hose

connection• Air spring returns the blades to the

full open position when hydraulicpressure is vented

Adapters / Spools / Lubricators / Flow Cross / Hand Unions

Adapter Flange Adapter Flange Hand Union Adapter Spool

Flow Tee Flow Cross Lubricator Lubricator

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Well Control Equipment

Well Control Equipment

Complete Stack w/options

1

Well Control EquipmentBlowout Preventers (BOP)

Blowout Preventers (BOP)

A blowout preventer (BOP) contains well bore pressure. It’s main function is to pre-vent well fluids from escaping into the atmosphere. A coiled tubing blowout pre-venter is designed specifically for coiled tubing operations.

A blowout preventer consists of several pairs of rams. Each type of ram performs a specific function:

- Blind rams isolate well bore fluids and contain pressure when there is no coiled tubing in the blowout preventer.

- Pipe or tubing rams seal around coiled tubing to isolate well bore fluids and contain pressure.

- Shear rams have cutting blades to shear coiled tubing.

- Slip or gripping rams hold the coiled tubing to prevent it from being pushed out of the well or from falling down the well.

Blind rams, and pipe or tubing rams are also known as sealing rams.

The number and type of ram pairs in a BOP is determined by the configuration of the blowout preventer: single, double, tri-ple, quad, or quint. The standard coiled tubing blowout preventer is a quad. From top down, the four separate ram pairs are blind rams, shear rams, slip rams, and pipe rams.

The standard coiled tubing blowout pre-venter has two equalizing ports, one on each sealing ram. It also has a side outlet between the slip and shear rams. This side outlet can be used as a safety kill line.

Blowout preventers are available in sev-eral sizes. These sizes normally follow the API flange sizes. They start with the 2 9/16” and can be as large as 7 1/16”. Cur-rently the most commonly used size is the 3 1/16” quad. The following table is a rule of thumb for what size coiled tubing can be used in each BOP

Pressure ratings of the blowout preventers correspond with API 6A and 16A informa-tion. Currently, coiled tubing blowout pre-venters have been built for 5,000psi, 10,000psi and 15,000psi working pres-sures.

Single BOP

Dual Combi BOP

Triple Combi BOP

Quad BOP

BOP Size Coiled Tubing Range

2.56” 0.75” through 2.00”3.06” 0.75” through 2.375”4.06” 1.00” through 2.875”5.12”

1.25” through 3.50”6.375”7.06”

2


Features• Environmentally friendly, will not

spill hydraulic fluid when the bonnets are retracted from the BOP body.

• Hydraulic pressure will retract the actuators away from the body making the maintenance easier.

• Corrosion resistant alloy body for severe harsh well conditions.

• Keyless ram assemblies.• Combination pipe and slip ram

assemblies. One set of rams will seal and hold the coiled tubing.

• Combination shear and seal ram assemblies. One set of rams will cut the coiled tubing and seal on the open hole.

• Forged steel body• Cam-lock cylinder to body

connections.• Integral side outlet flange for use as

a kill port.• Double seal for critical well bore

seals.• Quick union ram access.• Corrosion resistant alloys on the

rams, piston rods, seat and stems. These alloys should be highly resistant to corrosion, drilling fluids, and well fluids.

• Separate well pressure and hydraulic seals on the piston rods with a weep hole between them to prevent well fluids from entering the hydraulic system and to indicate leaks.

• Teflon coating on the body to minimize the onset of corrosion on the BOP body.

• Indicator rods on each piston to indicate the true position of the ram.

• Manual non-rising stems encapsulated in the hydraulic chamber. A special thread on the stem reduces galling and makes it easier to close with full well head pressure.

• Solid block BOP body with no welds or threads on the BOP body.

• Integral equalizing valve that has no exposed tubing.

• Easy assembly and maintenance. A BOP should have ram change rods that make it easy for daily maintenance. Actuators should only go together one way so they cannot be put together incorrectly.

Options• Quick unions for all types of

equipment. Quick unions exist for 5,000, 10,000 and 15,000psi H2S environments.

• A debooster is a safety tool to monitor well pressure without having the high pressure and well fluids in the control cabin. A 4:1 debooster is available that will mount to the BOP body and connect to the high pressure port on the BOP body. Well pressure runs to the inlet of the debooster and is converted to hydraulic pressure with a reduction of four. The hydraulic line is run to the control cabin and connected to a Martin Decker 1:4 gauge that indicates the actual well pressure.

• Ram change rods to make it easier to pull the rams out of the BOP. The actuators can be pulled away from the body without having to pull them off. Ram change rods are standard for some BOP models.

• Booster cylinders to shear large diameter or heavy wall coiled tubing. If the equipment you have cannot shear required coiled tubing, you can add booster cylinders to the shear actuators. The type of model to use depends on the hydraulic pressure.

• Side outlet flange to adapt to the treating iron.

Operation

A BOP operates with hydraulic pressure. You must connect two hoses to each actu-ator for proper operation of a BOP. One hose is used to close the ram. The other hose is used to open it.

Preparation

1. Be sure the BOP has been fully serviced by a competent techni-cian. Do not assume that a ser-viceable blowout preventer on the last job will be good for the next job. Well conditions and storage conditions are the main contribu-tors to premature corrosion and pit-ting.

2. Check the operation of the manual locks. Rotate the handwheel counter-clockwise to open the manual locks.

3. Check all flange and union seals for damage that might impair sealing.

3


Repair or replace items if neces-sary.

4. Check all sealing surfaces and ring gaskets for scratches which may impair sealing.

5. Test all hydraulic functions. Open and close each set of rams.

6. Pressure test the complete stack before starting each job.

7. Close all equalizing valves.

Closing and Locking the Rams

After fully closing the rams, you should close and lock the manual locks into place. The locks hold the well bore pressure, while slip rams hold the tubing, even if hydraulic pressure is lost. Locking the manual locks tightly is critical for the slip ram if there is no backup.

The following is the procedure for closing and locking the rams:

1. Close the rams with hydraulic pres-sure. If the hydraulic system has failed, release the hydraulic fluid in front of the piston, then close the rams manually. To release the fluid, either switch the valve over to the closed position, or remove the hydraulic fittings from the front of the piston. Then allow the fluid to drain.

2. Run the manual locks in and rotate the handwheel clockwise to lock the rams. Tighten the handwheel down with a pipe wrench and torque it down to make sure it is locked.

Unlocking and Opening the Rams

The rams must be fully opened to avoid contact with the tool string.

The procedure to unlock and open the rams is

1. Equalize the pressure above and below the rams. Do not open the pipe rams or blind rams with a pressure differential across them.

2. Unlock the manual locks by rotating the handwheel counter-clockwise. Note that rotating the handwheel clockwise will lock the rams.

3. Open the rams with hydraulic pres-sure. You cannot open the rams manually.

Blind Ram Assembly

Blind rams are a type of sealing rams. They isolate well bore fluids and contain pressure when there is no coiled tubing in the blowout preventer. Unlike pipe rams, blind rams will not seal on any wireline, cable or tubing. If closed on wireline the seals will damage the wireline.

Blind rams consist of identical ram bodies positioned opposite each other in a ram bore. Each ram assembly contains a ram body, front seal, rear seal and a retainer bar. The front seal contains the well pres-sure on an open hole and the rear seal contains the well pressure from behind the ram body.

Hydraulic pressure acts on a piston con-nected to a piston rod. The force moves the rams to the center of the well bore. As the force is increased, the rubber flows and forms a seal.

Never open blind rams with a differen-tial of pressure across them. The pres-sure above and below the rams should be equal before opening them. If you open blind rams with a differential of pressure, it will damage the rubber goods and the BOP will no longer function properly.

Blind Ram Assembly

4


Pipe Ram Assembly

Pipe rams, also called tubing rams, are a type of sealing rams. They seal around coiled tubing to isolate well bore fluids and contain pressure.

Pipe rams consist of identical ram bodies positioned opposite each other in a ram bore. Each ram assembly contains a ram body, front seal, rear seal and a retainer bar. The front seal contains the well pres-sure around the coiled tubing and the rear seal contains the well pressure from behind the ram body.

Hydraulic pressure acts on a piston con-nected to a piston rod. The force moves the rams to the center of the through bore. Guides, machined on the rams, guide the coiled tubing into the center of the rams to the front seal. As the force is increased, the rubber flows around the coiled tubing and forms a seal.

Never open pipe rams with a differential of pressure across them. The pressure above and below the rams should be equal before opening them. If you open pipe rams with a differential of pressure, it will damage the rubber goods and the BOP will no longer function properly.

Pipe Ram Assembly

Slip Ram Assembly

Slip rams grip the coiled tubing holding it and preventing it from being pushed out of the well or from falling down the well. In addition to having a pair of slip rams in the BOP stack, you may want a backup set of slips above the stripper packer as an extra safety precaution.

Slip rams consist of identical rams and slip inserts positioned opposite each other in a ram bore. Each ram assembly contains a ram body, slip insert and a retainer pin. The slip insert slides into the ram and is held in place with the retainer pin. The retainer pin does not take any loading; it merely prevents the insert from falling into the well. The slips should hold the yield strength of the coiled tubing.

The slip inserts have a special tooth designed to minimize the stresses on the coiled tubing. The slip insert is machined out of a NACE material and then hardened for gripping and holding the coiled tubing. This process makes the slips highly sus-ceptible to SSC (sulfide stress cracking). Since the slips may be exposed to H2S during coiled tubing operations, the slip inserts are made with a soft core and hard case. The hard outer case will be subject to cracking; however, the softer core will not be as likely to crack in an H2S environ-ment.

When inspecting slip rams, make sure the slips are in good condition, .03” flat on the gripping edge or crest of the teeth on the slip insert is insufficient. The insert must be replaced. Use the following steps to operate slip rams:

1. Close the slips with hydraulic pres-sure to ensure that they will hold. The minimum hydraulic pressure required is 1500psi.

2. Manually lock the slips by turning the handwheel closed and locking it in with a pipe wrench. Closing the manual locks ensures that the slips will hold, even if hydraulic pressure is lost.

Slip Ram Assembly

5


Shear Ram Assembly

Shear rams have shear inserts to cut through coiled tubing, wireline, or cable.

Shear rams have right and left hand ram bodies. The ram assembly consists of ram bodies, shear blades and socket head cap screws. The blades on both ram bodies are identical. The socket head cap screws hold the blades in their proper place. The blades are made out of a material that is hardened after machining. The base material used for the blades is a NACE approved material, and therefore the core of the blades remains relatively soft. The material gives the blades the ductility required to prevent cracking and still shear the coiled tubing. A single set of shear blades can cut multiple times. More than 30 cuts have been made with one set of blades with no damage.

Shear blades for H2S service have special requirements, as noted in the NACE speci-fications MR-01-75: “high strength and high hardness steels are required for ram shear blades to shear drill pipe during emergency conditions. However the user shall be advised that these materials are highly susceptible to SSC (sulfide stress cracking).” Since the blades may be exposed to H2S during coiled tubing opera-tions, the shear blades are made with a soft core and hard case. The hard outer case will be subject to cracking; however, the softer core will not be as likely to crack in an H2S environment.

It is extremely important that you make sure your BOP will shear the coiled tubing you are using. A simple shear test in the yard will prove whether or not this can be accomplished. If the blades chip or break, you need to get new blades. High yield and heavy wall pipe require special blades and may require booster cylinders.

Inspect the blades frequently; any chips or pitting on the blades is a good indication they need to be replaced. Use extreme caution with the shear blades, if they look bad, they may not cut when you need them to cut.

Shear Ram Assembly

Test Data for TOT Shear Rams

Extensive testing on shearing coiled tubing was performed at the Texas Oil Tools Con-roe factory. The results have been tabu-lated and are presented for your convenience. Separate tests were con-ducted to confirm the additional pressure required to close the rams under wellbore pressure. In each case, where multiple cuts were made, the highest observed pressure is shown. Wireline was placed inside the coiled tubing for many of the cuts. Either 7/32 or 15/32 line was used and in every case the wireline cut at a lower pressure than the coiled tubing. Several cuts were made with the slips set to determine if this increased the force required. It did not.

This tabulation of actual hydraulic operat-ing pressures required to cut coiled tubing hould serve only as a guide in determining if a booster is required.

6


* This test cut was with 10,000# tension applied before making the cut. The tension of hanging tubing-weight, or applied pull, decreases the force required to cut the tubing.

**This test cut was with 20,000# tension applied before making the cut. The tension of hanging tubing weight, or applied pull, decreases the force required to cut the tubing.

Column #1 is the outside diameter of the coiled tubing.Column #2 is the wall thickness of the coiled tubing.Column #3 is the published yield strength of the coiled tubing: 70, 80, 90 or 100 kpsi yield strength.Column #4 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a well

bore pressure of 0psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.Column #5 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a well-

bore pressure of 5,000psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.Column #6 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a well-

bore pressure of 10,000psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.Column #7 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a well-

bore pressure of 10,000psi using the Booster Cylinder, EH34-BC03. (Max. psi 3,000psi)Column #8 is the hydraulic pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a wellbore pres-

sure of 10,000psi using the Booster Cylinder EH34-BC05. (Max. psi 2,000psi

Shear Test Data for 3.06" Quad Blowout Preventer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

O.D. WallTypeMat’l

Hyd. psi0 Well

Hyd. psi5M Well

Hyd. psi10M Well

Booster3000 psi Hyd. WP10M Well

Booster1500 psi Hyd. WP10M Well

1.000 0.075 70 1,000 1,556 2,111 725 5291.000 0.087 70 1,100 1,656 2,211 760 5541.000 0.095 70 1,300 1,856 2,411 829 6041.000 0.109 70 1,400 1,956 2,511 863 6291.250 0.087 70 1,500 2,056 2,611 897 6541.250 0.087 80 1,600 2,156 2,711 932 6791.250 0.087 100 1,800 2,356 2,911 1,000 7301.250 0.095 70 1,500 2,056 2,611 897 6541.250 0.087 70 1,500 2,056 2,611 897 6541.250 0.087 80 1,600 2,156 2,711 932 6791.250 0.087 100 1,800 2,356 2,911 1,000 7301.250 0.095 70 1,500 2,056 2,611 897 6541.250 0.109 70 1,500 2,056 2,611 897 6541.250 0.109 **70 900 1,456 2,011 691 5041.250 0.109 *70 1,400 1,956 2,511 863 6291.250 0.109 100 2,100 2,656 3,211 1,103 8051.250 0.134 70 2,400 2,956 3,511 1,207 8801.250 0.175 70 3,000 3,556 4,111 1,413 1,0301.500 0.095 70 1,700 2,256 2,811 966 7051.500 0.109 70 1,900 2,456 3,011 1,035 7551.500 0.125 70 2,100 2,656 3,211 1,103 8051.500 0.134 70 2,750 3,306 3,861 1,327 9681.500 0.156 70 3,200 3,756 4,311 1,481 1,0801.750 0.109 70 2,450 3,006 3,561 1,224 8921.750 0.175 100 1,500 2,056 2,611 897 1,6541.750 0.190 100 1,800 2,356 2,911 1,000 7302.000 0.203 80 2,000 2,556 3,111 1,069 780

7


Column #1 is the outside diameter of the coiled tubing.Column #2 is the wall thickness of the coiled tubing.Column #3 is the published yield strength of the coiled tubing: 70, 80, 90 or 100 kpsi yield strength.Column #4 is the hydraulic operating pressure required to shear the coiled tubing and overcome a well

bore pressure of 0psi using the original 3.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders.Column #5 records the hydraulic pressure required to cut the tubing (with zero well pressure). This is with

the original 4.06" BOP hydraulic cylinders, (no Booster).Column #6 adds the hydraulic pressure required to overcome a well pressure of 5,000psi.Column #8 The hydraulic pressure shown is the pressure required when the well pressure is 10,000psi.

This unit is designed for hydraulic pressure of 1,500, to 2,000psi W.P. and 3,000psi Test. Column #8 The hydraulic pressure shown is the pressure required when the well pressure is 10,000psi.

This unit is designed for hydraulic pressure of 1,500, to 2,000psi W.P. and 3,000psi Test

Shear Test Data for 4.06" Quad Blowout Preventer

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

O.D. WallTypeMat’l

Hyd. psi0 Well

Hyd. psi5M Well

Hyd. psi10M Well

Booster1500psi Hyd. WP10M Well

1.250 0.087 70 700 1078 1456 4441.250 0.095 70 700 1078 1456 4441.250 0.109 70 800 1178 1556 4741.250 0.125 70 1100 1478 1856 5661.250 0.134 70 1100 1478 1856 5661.250 0.156 70 1300 1678 2056 6271.500 0.095 70 900 1278 1656 5051.500 0.109 70 1000 1378 1756 5351.500 0.134 70 1200 1578 1956 5961.500 0.156 70 1300 1678 2056 6271.750 0.087 70 1050 1428 1806 5511.750 0.095 70 1150 1528 1906 5811.750 0.134 70 1400 1778 2156 6571.750 0.156 70 1500 1878 2256 6882.000 0.109 70 1300 1678 2056 6272.000 0.125 70 1600 1978 2356 7182.000 0.134 70 1700 2078 2456 7492.000 0.156 70 1800 2178 2556 7792.375 0.109 70 1100 1478 1856 5662.375 0.156 70 1500 1878 2256 6882.875 0.109 70 1500 1878 2256 6882.875 0.156 70 1500 1878 2256 688

8


Shear Seal Rams

Shear Seal Ram Assembly

The Shear Seal Rams are designed to shear the coiled tubing along with any wireline or cable and establish a blind seal. The blades will cut the tubing and will con-tinue to stroke until the rubber seals form a seal on the well bore. Left and right hand ram bodies are positioned opposite each other in the valve block. Both rams contain a rear seal for sealing wellbore pressure from below and seals on the blades for sealing the through bore.

As the rams close, shearing of the work string takes place between the upper and lower blades. After shearing is complete, continued travel of both rams to the body center causes the leading edge of the right hand blade to engage the elastomer seal-ing area in the left-hand insert and effect a wellbore pressure seal from below. Once the seal is obtained, the pressure from below acts to keep the rams closed and maintain the seal. Pressure from above the ram acts in the opposite direction, tending to open the rams and break the seal. Accordingly, the rams are uni-direc-tional and designed to seal pressure from below only. In operation, the rams are not designed to be opened against full differ-ential pressure. Before opening, always ensure that the pressure across the rams is equalized. Failure to do so may result in mechanical damage to the head of the ram rod and possible extrusion damage to the ram seals.

Pipe Slip Rams

Two identical ram bodies are positioned opposite each other in the valve body. Each ram body contains a front seal, rear seal, and slip insert that work in unison to grip and seal around the coiled tubing. The front seal contains the well pressure around the coiled tubing and the rear seal contains the well pressure from behind the ram body.

A slip insert is installed above the front seal to hold the coiled tubing during seal-ing. The slip insert movement is transmit-ted to the hydraulic actuator by the compression pin. The compression pin is held in place by the retainer ring. An o-ring is installed to seal against wellbore pres-sure from below. The force created by the o-ring seal assists in the setting of the slip onto the outside of the coiled tubing.

BOP Field Testing

Test Fluids

Normally use cold water for testing. How-ever, you can use another fluid if it is non-flammable and not harmful to any of the resilient seals.

Test Pressure

The test pressure should be limited to the lowest pressure determined by the follow-ing constraints:

- The rated working pressure of the BOP, open or closed. Do not confuse the manufacturer’s rated working pressure with the rated test pressure. The rated test pressure is a factory test to prove the strength of the BOP shell; never use it as the working pressure.

- The lowest working pressure of any outlet or connection, flanged or threaded.

The working pressure (with safety factor) of the tubing used in the test.

9


BOP SpecificationsTOT 2.50" 5,000 psi Quad BOP

Temperature & Service

-20°F to 250°F H2S Service

-25°F to 250°F North Sea Service

-50°F to 200°F Arctic Service

75°F to 500°F Steam

Connections

Top End 2.56” 5M R27 Studded Flange

Lower End 2.56” 5M R27 Open Flange

Side Outlet 2.06” 5M R24 Studded Flange

Coiled Tubing Range 1.00” to 2.00”

Hydraulic Operating RangeBooster cylinder may reduce operating pressure 1,500psi Minimum - 3,000psi Maximum

Hydraulic Volumes

Close 1 (one) pair of Rams 31.4 cubic inches

Open 1 (one) pair of Rams 27.9 cubic inches

Close Booster Shear Rams 122 cubic inches

Ratio Hydraulic Pressure:Well Pressure 9:1

Dimensions 33.30” tall x 61.3” wide

Weight 1,000 lbs

Options

Debooster Assembly External Only

Adapter Flanges Top, bottom & side - All standard unions

Test Fixtures Blank box and/or lift plug

10


TOT 2.50" 10,000 psi Quad BOP






Connections

Top End 2.56” BX-153 Studded Flange

Lower End 2.56” BX-153 Open Flange

Side Outlet 2.06” BX-152 Studded Outlet



Hydraulic Volumes

Close 1 (one) pair of Rams 32 cubic inches

Open 1 (one) pair of Rams 28 cubic inches




Weight 1,100 lbs

Options

Debooster Assembly Internal or external



Change Rod Assembly Ram change rod

11








Connections

Top End 3.06” BX-154 Studded Flange

Lower End 3.06” BX-154 Open Flange

Side Outlet 2.06” BX-152 Studded Outlet



Hydraulic Volumes

Close 1 (one) pair of Rams 32 cubic inches

Open 1 (one) pair of Rams 28 cubic inches




Weight 1,300 lbs

Options




Change Rod Assembly Ram change rod for bonnets

12








Connections

Top End 3.06” 15M BX-154 Studded Flange

Lower End 3.06” 15M BX-154 Open Flange

Side Outlet 2.06” 15M BX-152 Studded Outlet



Hydraulic Volumes

Close 1 (one) pair of pipe rams 46 cubic inches

Open 1 (one) pair of shear rams 42 cubic inches

Close one pair of shear rams 112.9 cubic inches

Open one pair of shear rams 105.8 cubic inches

Ratio Hydraulic Pressure:Well Pressure 12.25:1


Weight 2,700 lbs

Options



Quick connect guards To protect hydraulic fittings

Test Fixtures Blank box

13








Connections






Hydraulic Volumes

Close 1 (one) pair of rams 148 cubic inches

Open 1 (one) pair of rams 128 cubic inches

Close booster shear rams 580 cubic inches



Weight 3,500 lbs

Options




14








Connections






Hydraulic Volumes


Open 1 (one) pair of rams 170 cubic inches

Close booster shear rams 580 cubic inches



Weight 8,900 lbs

Options




15








Connections






Hydraulic Volumes


Open 1 (one) pair of pipe rams 167 cubic inches

Close 1 (one) pair of shear rams 462 cubic inches

Open 1 (one) pair of shear rams 424 cubic inches

Ratio Hydraulic Pressure:Well Pressure

Pipe rams 11:1

Shear rams 12.25:1


Weight 9,000 lbs

Options



Quick connect guards To protect hydraulic fittings


Change rod assembly Standard

16

Well Control EquipmentStripper Packers

Stripper Packers

A stripper packer is a pressure-containing device designed to contain well bore pres-sure during coiled tubing operations. It is the upper tool in the pressure control stack. It is always mounted above the blowout preventer, and as close to the injector chains as possible. Its purpose is to seal around the coiled tubing in dynamic applications as the coiled tubing is run in and out of the well.

A stripper packer has a hydraulic piston that squeezes the packer element around the coiled tubing. The injector pushes the coiled tubing down through the stripper packer, and then the coiled tubing tools are installed on the end of the coiled tubing. The injector and stripper are then installed on the wellhead either with a flange con-nection or a quick union connection.

The latest innovations for coiled tubing stripper packers have been in high pres-sure applications. New designs have decreased the overall height and made them easier to use.

Operation

Hydraulic pressure is required to operate stripper packers. There is no manual backup or locking device to use if hydraulic pressure is lost. These tools must be operated with a 4-way control valve. Pack-off and retract functions are required to operate safely.

Packing-off the Packer

1. Make sure the tubing is through the packer. Applying pack-off pres-sure without tubing in the packer will cause severe dam-age.

2. Apply hydraulic pressure to the “pack-off” port. The force will ener-gize the packer and squeeze it around the coiled tubing.

Retracting the Packer

Apply hydraulic pressure to the retract port. The force will allow the packer to relax and retract.

Changing the Packer Element with Coiled Tubing in the Well

If the packer element begins to leak during a job, you can change it out with the coiled tubing still in the well.

1. Close the BOP pipe rams.

2. Bleed off the pressure above the BOP.

3. Change out the packer element. How you remove the packer ele-ment depends on the model. For earlier designs, you remove the element from the top of the stripper packer. In newer designs, chang-ing out the packers is easier, and it can be done in less than 15 min-utes.

Stripper Packer Elements• Polyurethane packers are the

standard. These have excellent chemical and wear characteristics with a temperature range of -50°F to 200°F.

• Viton and Nitrile Rubber Compounds are used primarily if the surface well temperature exceeds 180°F. Temperature range is 0°F to 400°F. These packers do not have the same wear characteristics as polyurethane.

• Steam service packers are available for 500°F steam service or geothermal applications.

Top Loading Stripper Packer

The top loading slip is the original design used for coiled tubing operations. It was the first stripper packer designed strictly for coiled tubing. The stripper packer consists of a packer element contained between two bushings. A double acting piston squeezes the bushings together and forces the packer to squeeze around the coiled tubing.

The upper section of the stripper packer is called the split cap. This is composed of a split housing containing the upper wear bushings. The split cap is held in place with retainer pins or it is threaded into the body. The split cap is designed such that the packer can be changed while tubing is in the well.

17


The conventional stripper packer will accept either a single packer or the split insert with energizer. To prevent extrusion at the higher pressure, it has a hard teflon non-extrusion ring plus bronze bushing retainers that overlap the seam in the split cap. The hydraulic pack-off cylinder is long stroke and double acting to enable the operator to use hydraulic power to change packers.

To accommodate all of the various packer combinations, your hydraulic hand pump should have a 5,000psi working pressure.

You can operate the stripper packer with either a pump with a 4-way valve and 2 hoses, or a single pump with one hose. If you use a single hose, be sure that the quick connectors do not have check valves, as they will prevent you from operating the stripper packer normally.

To change the packer inserts while the tub-ing is in the well

1. Make the last movement down-ward, with hydraulic pressure on the upper side of the piston. This will help you remove all loading on the retainer pins.

2. Remove the pin clips and retainer pins.

3. Apply hydraulic pressure to the lower side of the piston (same as pack-off). The force will push the split cap and non-extrusion rings, and approximately one-half of the energizer and packer inserts up out of the housing for easy chang-ing.

Apply hydraulic pressure to the upper side of the piston through the port on the edge of the flange. The force will move the pis-ton down, making it easy to reassemble the packer, non-extrusion ring, split cap and pins.

Conventional Stripper Packer

Stripper Packer

The side door model has a unique design that allows the packer elements to be replaced through a door below the injector mount flange. Changing packers with this design is always easier, but it is particularly advantageous when changing packers with tubing in the well. Swing the two doors open and pump up the piston to expose the packers with enough room to quickly change the packers or the bushings.

The side door stripper packer is available in 2.50, 3.06, and 4.06 bore sizes with working pressure to 15,000psi accommo-dating up to 2.875 coiled tubing.

TOT Side Door Stripper Packer

The TOT Stripper Packer features:

• The packing elements and bushings can be replaced through the open door below the injector. Changing packers is easy through the side door even with tubing in the well.

• New designs contain independent packer piston and retract piston.

• Well pressure assist.• Working pressures up to 15,000psi.• An increased open door length to

simplify the installation of hang-off slips, without the need for a separate window.

• A threaded bottom connection allows convenient replacement in the event one is damaged or to change connections.

• Removal of the packers and bushings leaves a full through bore for passage of larger tools.

18


Sidewinder Stripper Packer

The Sidewinder stripper packer is designed to pack-off on a full range of coiled tubing sizes as it is stripped in and out of the well. This design incorporates the unique feature of the ability to fully retract the packer elements and wear bushings from the vertical well bore.Features include:

• The packers actuated with two opposing rams, allowing the overall height to be reduced substantially.

• Full through bore availability.• Manual retract bushings or

hydraulic retract bushings.• Retracting the actuator out of the

body exposes the packers and enables easy access to change the packers.

The Sidewinder Stripper Packer is avail-able in 3.06, 4.06, 5.12, 6.375 and 7.06 bore sizes with working pressures up to 15,000psi.

Sidewinder Stripper Packerwith Injector Connector

Anti-Buckling DeviceCoiled tubing can buckle between the chains and the top of the stripper packer when you use high snubbing loads. This buckling of the coiled tubing at the surface can be avoided by minimizing the length of unsupported coiled tubing between the stripper packer and the chains. The unsupported length should be held to a maximum length of four inches.

There are two ways to reduce the distance between the stripper packer and the chains.

1. Modify the stripper packer mount to raise it up.

2. Increase the length of the top of the stripper packer.

Increasing the length of the stripper packer is easy with an anti-buckling device. You mount the anti-buckling device to the top of the stripper packer. It uses an extra bush-

ing to raise the height of the stripper packer. For earlier stripper packers that have a split cap with retainer pins, install a new split cap that increases the length and uses a longer bushing.

Inhibitor InjectionTwo common causes of packer wear are dry, rusty pipe, and dry gas. Putting dry, rusty pipe in the well will cause excessive damage to the packer. The damage may be so severe that you will have to change the packer before the job is complete.

Spraying the coiled tubing before it is stripped through the stripper packer will reduce the wear on the packer and increase the life. One method of lubricat-ing the coiled tubing is to spray lubricants on the coiled tubing as it comes off the reel. However, some locations may pro-hibit this method for environmental rea-sons. Another method involves making the upper section of the stripper packer into an injection inhibitor. While this method requires special bushings and hoses, it is an environmentally acceptable method for spaying the pipe.

A stripper packer with an inhibitor injection device sprays a uniform film on the coiled tubing before it goes through the stripper packer. An injection inhibitor can be incor-porated in the stripper packer, or a special adapter flange can be made to mount below the stripper packer. Because the port must be located below the packer, it requires a high pressure pump to pump the inhibitor in against well pressure.

Test PressureThe test pressure should be limited to the lowest pressure determined by the follow-ing constraints:

• The rated working pressure of the stripper packer.

• The lowest rated working pressure of any component in the stack.

• The rated collapse pressure of the coiled tubing.

Test ProcedureTest the stripper packer before starting each job.

1. Test all of the hydraulic functions. Make sure the stripper packer opens and operates in a smooth manner.

2. Install a test rod or coiled tubing in the stripper.

3. Pack-off around the coiled tubing.4. Apply the necessary test pressure.

19


Specifications

TOT 2.50" 10M “DS74” Side Door Stripper Packer






Connections

Lower End Quick union, flange or Hydraconn con-nection


Hydraulic Operating Range 5,000 psi Maximum - depends on coiled tubing

Hydraulic Volumes

Pack-Off 213 cubic inches

Retract 64 cubic inches


1.00” Coiled Tubing 2.5:1




Dimensions 36.34” tall x 11.40” OD

Weight 250 lbs

20


TOT 2.50" 10M “DT74” Tandem Side Door Stripper Packer






Connections

Upper End Quick union or Flange

Lower End Quick union or Flange


Hydraulic Operating Pressure 5,000 psi Maximum - depends on coiled tubing size

Hydraulic Volumes








Dimensions 45.3” tall x 13.25” OD

Weight 300 lbs

21


TOT 3.06" 10M “DST4” Sidewinder Stripper Packer






Connections

Upper End 3.06 10M BX-154 Studded Flange

Lower End 3.06 10M BX-154 Open Flange



Hydraulic Connections 1/4” NPT

Hydraulic Volumes



Dimensions 25.13” tall x 46.87” wide x 20.65” deep

Weight 2,900 lbs

22


TOT 3.06" 10M “DSH4” Side Door Stripper Packer






Connections




Hydraulic Volumes

Pack-Off 16.5 cubic inches

Retract 21.5 cubic inches

Close Window 116 cubic inches

Open Windows 36 cubic inches

Dimensions 43.38” tall x 11.40 OD

Weight 340 lbs

23


TOT 3.06" 10M “DTH4” Tandem Side Door Stripper Packer






Connections




Hydraulic Volumes

Pack-Off 16.5 cubic inches

Retract 21.5 cubic inches

Close Window 225 cubic inches

Open Windows 45 cubic inches

Dimensions 48.8” tall x 11.40 OD

Weight 450 lbs

24

Well Control EquipmentQuick Latches

Quick Latches

Rigging up pressure control equipment is a time consuming task. Working with the cranes and slings to lift the equipment and install it on the well can be dangerous. The quick latch is a pressure control tool that makes the rigging process quicker and safer. It is operated with a hydraulic source.

A quick latch is like a very big air or hydraulic quick connect. It saves time because the operator does not have to stab a flange connection or a quick union with a crane. It is safer because a person does not have to stand to align the flange or quick union. Instead, the crane operator guides the mating pieces of the quick latch together.

The quick latch is normally the last con-nection made during the coiled tubing rig up.

1. Install the BOP and flow lines on the well head and mount the strip-per to the injector.

2. Stab the coiled tubing into the strip-per packer and make up the tools.

3. Pick up the injector, and use the quick latch to stab it onto the BOP stack. Note that you do not have to make up a flange or union.

Hydraconns

Quick Latch located between the BOP and the Stripper Packer.

The Hydraconn is designed to facilitate a secure connection between the coiled tub-ing BOP and stripper packer while provid-ing an elevated level of personal safety by minimizing the need for operator assis-tance during rig-up of the pressure control stack. The Hydraconn is constructed to provide a safe and reliable connection in a compact and rugged design. The Hydra-conn incorporates a tapered seal bore that facilitates stabbing the connection. A safety latch with a manual override and an indicator are included to prevent an unin-tentional release while operating with well pressure in the stack.

Operation

Hydraulic pressure is required to open or unlatch the tool. To close or latch the tool, release the hydraulic pressure and allow

the fluid to drain back into the handpump. The tool has a spring return that will pro-vide enough force to close and lock the locking dogs into position.

Two models are in the field at this time:

• The most popular has a lock/indicator that prevents the tool from being opened until you move the lock out of the way.

• The second model has a well pressure lock that operates with 200psi. Well pressure of 200psi will force a lock into a position that will prevent the tool from being opened. Well pressure must be released for this one to open. Hydraulic working pressure 3,000psi maximum.

TOT Hydraconn

Injector Connectors

Quick Latch between the Stripper Packer and the Injector Head

The injector connector is used as a tool to connect the pressure control equipment to the injector head. It is mounted above the stripper packer and is therefore a non-pressure containing device.

Operation

Hydraulic pressure is required to open or unlatch this tool. To close or latch the tool, release the hydraulic pressure and let the fluid flow back into the handpump.

25

Well Control EquipmentQuick Latches

Hydraulic working pressure is 3,000psi maximum.

[

JIC Connector

Hydraulic Releasing Connector

The JHS hydraulic releasing connector is designed to facilitate the connection of the BOP and/or lift frame to the wellhead or drill pipe, making this procedure quick with increased operator safety.

The JHS connector is comprised of two mating sections. The skirt section is installed in the lower spreader bar of the lift frame or the BOP, and the stinger section is connected to the wellhead or drill pipe. These two sections are latched together by a collet mechanism as part of the stinger section. The collet mechanism is attached to the stinger section and retracted by an integral hydraulic cylinder during the latch-ing and unlatching sequence.

When latching, the collet is retracted and the skirt is lowered over the stinger. The weight of the skirt and spreader bar will collapse the collet fingers until the lugs of the collet spring into position in the recess machined into the skirt section. This allows the stinger to fully engage the skirt. The release of hydraulic pressure will then allow the spring to return the collet to the extended and locked position.

The connector can be unlatched by hydraulically retracting the cylinder and collet, allowing the skirt to be removed from the center section. In the event of a hydraulic failure, a manual override mech-anism is attached to retract the collet by using the three tension bolts that are pro-vided on the manual override.

The seal between the stinger and skirt is formed by three independent seals each of

which is capable of sealing against the 15,000psi working pressure or the 22,500psi test pressure. The multiple redundancy is to accommodate the heavy, sometimes brutal latching experienced when handling the large lift/frame on a semi-submersible vessel in heavy seas.

Hydraulic Releasing Connector

26

Well Control EquipmentUnions & Flanges

Unions & Flanges

Unions are a quick and easy method to attach pressure control equipment. Also known as quick unions, the unions have an elastomer seal for the well bore pressure. The seal is either on the box or pin con-nection depending on the type of union. The quick union is comprised of four com-ponents, which consist of the box end, pin end, union nut, and seal. The pin end is stabbed into the box end and the union nut holds everything in place. Quick unions offer a quick method of assembling pres-sure control equipment as opposed to bolt-ing up flanges.

There are several types of quick unions on the market being used for pressure control equipment. The three most common are Bowen type, Otis type and TOT type unions. The following pages have draw-ings of the unions along with sizes and pressure ratings. This is a quick reference chart that should help to identify what type of union you may have.

The unions do not interchange with each other so make sure when ordering parts you know what type of union you need.

CB UnionsBowen Interchange

Size Name Description ServicePressure

Rating2.00 CB11 4.06dia/4 Acme 3.00 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi2.00 CB12 4.06dia/4 Acme 3.00 Seal Bore H2S 5,000 psi2.00 CB13 4.06dia/4 Acme 3.00 Seal Bore Standard 10,000 psi2.56 CB21 4.75dia/4 Acme 3.75 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi2.56 CB22 4.75dia/4 Acme 3.75 Seal Bore H2S 5,000 psi2.50 CB23 4.75dia/4 Acme 3.75 Seal Bore Standard 10,000 psi2.56 CB24 6.31dia/4 Acme 3.75 Seal Bore H2S 10,000 psi2.56 CB26 6.31dia/4 Acme 3.75 Seal Bore H2S 15,000 psi3.06 CB31 5.50dia/4 Double Acme 4.37 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi3.06 CB32 5.50dia/4 Double Acme 4.37 Seal Bore H2S 5,000 psi3.06 CB33 5.50dia/4 Double Acme 4.37 Seal Bore Standard 10,000 psi3.06 CB34 6.31dia/4 Acme 4.37 Seal Bore H2S 10,000 psi3.06 CB36 7.00dia/5 Stub Acme 4.87 Seal Bore H2S 15,000 psi4.00 CB41 6.00dia/4 Double Acme 4.87 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi4.00 CB42 6.00dia/4 Double Lead 4.87 Seal Bore H2S 5,000 psi4.00 CB44 8.25dia/4 Double Acme 6.00 Seal Bore H2S 10,000 psi5.00 CB51 8.25dia/4 Double Acme 6.75 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi5.00 CB52 8.25dia/4 Double Acme 6.75 Seal Bore H2S 5,000 psi5.00 CB53 8.875dia/4 Double Acme 6.50 Seal Bore Standard 10,000 psi5.00 CB54 9.15dia/4 Double Acme 6.75 Seal Bore H2S 10,000 psi6.00 CB61 9.875dia/4 Double Acme 8.00 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi6.00 CB62 9.875dia/4 Double Acme 8.00 Seal Bore H2S 5,000 psi

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CH, CQ UnionsTOT Unions


Rating

1.50 CH04 3.37dia/4 Acme 1.93 Seal Bore H2S 10,000 psi

2.56 CH23 5.06dia/2 Stub Acme 3.25 Seal Bore Standard 10,000 psi


5.00 CH25 5.755dia/4 Acme 3.37 Seal Bore Standard 15,000 psi



3.06 CH31 5.06dia/2 Stub Acme 3.50 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi3.05 CH33 5.25dia/4 Acme 3.75 Seal Bore Standard 10,000 psi


3.06 CH35 6.50dia/4 Acme 4.00 Seal Bore Standard 15,000 psi


4.00 CH42 7.00dia/2 Stub 5.25 Seal Bore H2S 5,000 psi

5.00 CH51 7.50dia/2 Stub 6.187 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi


6.00 CH61 9.50dia/2 Stub Acme 7.62 Seal Bore Standard 5,000 psi

2.56 CQ24 6.31dia/4 Acme 3.75 Seal Bore H2S 10,000 psi

4.06 CQ44 10.00dia/2 Stub Acme 7.50 Seal Bore H2S 10,000 psi

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CO UnionsOtis Interchange


Rating

2.62 CO16 5.75dia/4 Acme 4.00 Seal Bore H2S 15,000psi

2.56 CO21 5.00dia/4 Acme 3.50 Seal Bore Std. 5,000psi


2.56 CO23 5.00dia/4 Acme 3.50 Seal Bore Std. 10,000spi

2.56 CO24 5.00dia/4 Acme 3.50 Seal Bore H2S 10,000spi









4.00 CO42 8.37/dia/4 Acme 5.25 Seal Bore H2S 5,000psi


4.00 CO44 8.37/dia/4 Acme 5.25 Seal Bore H2S 10,000spi

4.00 CO46 9.50/dia/4 Acme 6.25 Seal Bore H2S 15,000psi










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Well C

ontrol Equipment

Unions & Flanges

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5,000psi Working Pressure Flange DimensionsNominal Size 2.06 2.56 3.125 4.06 5.125 7.06

Ring Groove Designation R-24 R-27 R-35 R-39 R-44 R-46“A” Ring Groove Width .469 .469 .469 .469 .469 .531“B” Ring Groove Pitch Dia. 3.750 4.250 5.375 6.375 7.625 8.313“C” Ring Groove Depth .313 .313 .313 .313 .313 .375“D” Flange OD 8.500 9.625 10.500 12.250 14.750 15.500“E” Bolt Hole Size 1.00 1.125 1.250 1.375 1.625 1.500“F” Bolt Circle Dia. 6.500 7.500 8.000 9.500 11.500 12.500 Bolt Diameter .875 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.500 1.375 Number of Bolts 8 8 8 8 12 12“G” Flange Raised Face Dia. 4.875 5.375 6.625 7.625 9.000 9.750“H” Bore Diameter 2.063 2.563 3.125 4.063 5.125 7.063“J” Thickness of Flange 1.813 1.938 2.188 2.438 3.188 3.625“K” Chamfer Depth .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .250“L” Radius of Hub .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125“M” Diameter of Hub 4.125 4.875 5.250 6.375 7.750 9.000

10,000psi Working Pressure Flange DimensionsNominal Size 2.06 2.56 3.06 4.06 5.12 7.06

Ring Groove Designation BX-152 BX-153 BX-154 BX-155 BX-169 BX-156“A” Ring Groove Width .498 .554 .606 .698 .666 .921“B” Ring Groove OD 3.395 4.046 4.685 5.930 6.955 9.521“C” Ring Groove Depth .234 .265 .296 .328 .375 .438“D” Flange OD 7.875 9.125 10.625 12.438 14.062 18.875“E” Bolt Hole Size .875 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.250 1.625“F” Bolt Circle Diameter 6.250 7.250 8.500 10.188 11.813 15.875 Bolt Diameter .750 .875 1.000 1.125 1.125 1.500 Number of Bolts 8 8 8 8 12 12“G” Flange Raised Face Dia. 4.375 5.188 6.000 7.281 8.688 11.875“H” Bore Diameter 2.063 2.563 3.063 4.063 5.125 7.063“J” Thickness of Flange 1.734 2.015 2.296 2.765 3.125 4.062“K” Chamfer Depth .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .250“L” Radius of Hub .375 .375 .375 .375 .375 .625“M” Diameter of Hub 3.938 4.750 5.594 7.188 8.813 11.875

15,000psi Working Pressure Flange DimensionsNominal Size 2.06 2.56 3.06 4.06 7.06

Ring Groove Designation BX-152 BX-153 BX-154 BX-155 BX-156“A” Ring Groove Width .498 .554 .606 .698 .921“B” Ring Groove OD 3.395 4.046 4.685 5.930 9.521“C” Ring Groove Depth .234 .265 .296 .328 .438“D” Flange OD 8.750 10.000 11.313 14.188 19.875“E” Bolt Hole Size 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.500 1.625“F” Bolt Circle Diameter 6.875 7.875 9.062 11.438 16.875 Bolt Diameter .875 1.000 1.125 1.375 1.500 Number of Bolts 8 8 8 8 12“G” Flange Raised Face Diameter 4.500 5.250 6.063 7.625 12.000“H” Bore Diameter 2.063 2.563 3.063 4.063 7.063“J” Thickness of Flange 2.000 2.250 2.531 3.094 4.688“K” Chamfer Depth .125 .125 .125 .125 .250“L” Radius of Hub .375 .375 .375 .375 .625“M” Diameter of Hub 3.938 4.750 5.594 7.188 11.875

31

Well Control EquipmentMaintenance & Field Inspection

Maintenance & Field Inspection

Suggested Maintenance Schedule

After every job remove the rams and inspect all ram rubber seals. Clean the BOP body, bonnet and rams. Remove all trace of well fluids.

Once a month, remove all rams, actuators, equalizing valves, and flanges. Thoroughly clean all of the items. Grease and assem-ble to proper technical manual.

Once a year, disassemble completely and replace all of the seals.

After two years, strip down and perform NDE on parts exposed to well fluids, replace any worn parts.

Every four years in service, strip down per-form NDE on all critical items. Replace any worn parts.

Two Year NDE requirements:

All parts exposed to the well fluids will have to be inspected by NDE methods. The preferred NDE test would be a wet magnetic particle testing. Not all parts can be tested in this method. If the parts can not be inspected with MPI then a dye pen-etrant test will have to be conducted.

Four Year NDE requirements:

All parts exposed to the well fluids, loaded by well pressure or pressure containing will have to be inspected by NDE methods. The preferred NDE test would be a wet magnetic particle testing. Not all parts can be tested in this method. If the parts can not be inspected with MPI then a dye pen-etrant test will have to be conducted.

Field Inspections

TOT Coiled Tubing BOP's

Begin by disassembling the BOP. Refer to the proper technical manual for the detailed instructions for disassembly. Clean all of the parts either with a steam washer, solvents, or other means. All of the dirt, rust, and scale must be removed.

Corrosion is the main cause for a BOP to leak. How much corrosion is too much? Any corrosion that causes pitting in the base material is too much. The pitting will directly effect the sealing capabilities of the rear seal, o-ring, and polypak seals.

Critical areas that must be examined include the bonnet o-ring face, the bonnet seal areas, and the ram bores. These areas are usually the areas that corrosion will start.

The following is an individual part detail of what to look out for during inspections.

BOP Body: Visually inspect the ring grooves looking for pitting on the angles of the grooves. If the pitting breaks the sur-face and into the groove it is too much. Ring grooves can be machined to remove the corrosion.

Inspect the ram bores. On a quad the upper half of the ram bore is the sealing area of the rams. If corrosion has allowed the pitting to get deeper than .010" this is too much.

Inspect the equalizing valve ports. There are two 3/16 drilled holes in each equaliz-ing valve that must be free of debris. If these holes are stopped up they must be cleaned out. You can use a small 1/8" - 3/16" steel rod with a point on the end to help clean out the holes. Caution: Using a power hand held drill or other power tool is not recommended. The drill bit may break off in the equalizing port. Inspect the equalizing valve seal bore, look for corro-sion or scratches on the seal surface.

Check the area of the body where the bon-net o-rings seal. On most BOP's this is within a half inch of the ram bore. Pitting in this area is unacceptable.

Examine the studs; make sure there are no damaged threads. If the threads are damaged, you can used a small thread file (triangular in shape) to remove any sharp edges or burrs.

The last item to check is the well monitor-ing port. This must be free of debris like the equalizing valve.

Perform surface NDE on this part every two years.

Bonnet: Visually inspect the o-ring groove. Look for damaged areas including pitting. Visually inspect the well bore pis-ton rod seal area. If there is corrosion that has caused pitting .010" deep, the bonnet must be replaced.

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Inspect the weep hole and the hydraulic seal bore area. Inspect the threads, remove any nicks or burrs with a small thread file. If the bonnet has hydraulic porting, inspect all of the ports. The lead-ing 15 degree bevel on the hydraulic ports is a seal area; this must have a good seal surface. Check the seal area where the hydraulic ports go through the BOP body. Screwdriver pry marks are common on the o-ring groove for this seal.


Rams: Most rams are stainless and should not have any corrosion. Inspect the guides on the pipe rams they should not have any sharp edges. Inspect the rear seal groove, there should not be any corro-sion in this area. Any pitting on the OD or seal area and the ram should be replaced.


Slip Inserts: Slip inserts are one part of the BOP that will wear out. The teeth should be sharp. If the crest of the tooth has a flat area of .02" that is too much. Of course, some areas of the slip insert may have teeth that are dull. If 25% of the teeth have flat areas then the slip must be replaced. The outer edges of the slip inserts will normally wear first.

Shear Blades: Shear blades are designed to shear the coiled tubing. If the blades have pitting on any area the blades must be replaced. If the cutting edge of the blades are chipped or cracked they must be replaced. TOT shear blades will cut several times without damage. These tests have been done on new blades not exposed to well fluids. Well fluids will attack the shear blade and can cause damage to the blades.

Piston Rods: Inspect the area exposed to well fluids look for tiny pits in the stain-less, this is a sign the well fluids are attack-ing the metal and the parts should be replaced. Inspect the ram guides. If the ram guides are damaged replace the entire piston rod. The ram guide and pis-ton rod are normally sold as a set. Nor-mally you will have to polish the smooth sealing area of the piston rod, use a fine emery cloth and polish lightly.

Inspect the woodruff (half moon) key slot in the piston rod. Remove any sharp edges that might damage the seal when the rod is installed in the bonnet. Remove any burrs from the woodruff key with a file.


Cylinder: Inspect the threads, remove any nicks or burrs with emery cloth, or a polishing wheel. Inspect the seal bore. There should not be any scratches in the bore, polish any nicks or scratches with a fine emery cloth.

Perform a surface NDE on this part every four years

Non-Rising Stem: The end of the non-rising stem that sticks out the back of the hydraulic cap is susceptible to environ-mental corrosion. Water that collects in this area tends to start corrosion. A gen-erous amount of grease kept on this end will minimize the corrosion rate. Replace the stem if corrosion has started. A leak on this stem can prevent the rams from closing properly. Examine the threads of the sleeve nut and make sure the sleeve nut moves freely the entire length of the threads. The thread is a left hand thread.

Perform a surface NDE on this part every four years.

Sleeve Nut: Rarely will this part get dam-aged. Make sure the sleeve nut threads easily on and off of the Non-rising stem. The slots on either side of the sleeve nut that the hex keys slide into can get dam-aged, use a small file and remove any nicks or burrs from the slot.


Hydraulic Cap: Visually inspect the threads and the O-ring groove behind the threads. Inspect the small ID of the hydraulic cap. This is where corrosion of the non-rising stem may also cause dam-age to the hydraulic cap. Inspect the indi-cator rod seal and seal retainer. Make sure you replace the indicator rod seal. When tightening the hydraulic cap on the cylinder do not let the wrench grip the cap in the area of the indicator rod. The wrench may damage the indicator rod or the hole for the indicator rod.


Closing Tube Assembly: The closing tube is stainless steel, which is resistant to rust. Paint on the closing tube can make it difficult to take apart. It would be easier if all of the paint was removed from the clos-ing tube. There is very little that can go

33


wrong with these parts unless the threads or seal areas are damaged. Visually inspect them for damage.

Indicator Rod: The indicator rod may bend, check to make sure the rods are straight and there are no nicks or scratches on the OD.

Front and Rear Seals: These seals should be inspected after each job. If any noticeable loss of rubber is observed, the seals should be replaced. If the bond between the rubber and the metal plates begins to separate, the seals should be replaced.

TOT Stripper packers

Begin by disassembling the Stripper Packer. Refer to the proper technical manual for the detailed instructions for dis-assembly. Clean all of the parts either with a steam washer, solvents, or other means. All of the dirt, rust, and scale must be removed.

Worn out packers and bushings are the main reason a stripper will leak. Examina-tion of the packers and bushing after each job is critical. The packer should be replaced after every job. Corrosion is another cause for the Stripper Packer to leak. How much corrosion is too much? Any corrosion that causes pitting in the base material is too much. The pitting will directly effect the sealing capabilities of the well bore seal, o-rings, and polypak seals.

Critical areas that must be examined include the well bore seal groove and seal-ing area. The upper bushing stack and bushing sleeve are susceptible to corro-sion. The bushings themselves will not corrode but the fluids get trapped between the bushings and the housing and tend to act as a catalyst for corrosion.

The following is an individual part detail of what to look for during inspections.

Bushings: The critical bushings are those just above and just below the packer. They prevent the packer from extruding. If these bushings are allowed to wear too much it will create a leak path for the packer. Replace the bushings if they become worn. Worn is defined as wear that can be measured with a caliper to be .10" larger than the coiled tubing size (i.e for 1.25 coiled tubing 1.350 would be clas-sified as worn). Note: There are special bushings available that are .050" oversized

to begin with. These are not covered in this procedure.

Bushing Stack: The bushings at the upper end of the stripper packer are guide bushings and the main function is to guide the coiled tubing and prevent it from buck-ling between the chains and the packer. The top one will normally wear out faster than the others. It is important that you check the wear on these frequently.

Well bore seal grooves: The items that house the well bore seals are critical. Damaged seals and corrosion are the most common cause for this item to leak.

The remaining sections are specific details for certain models of stripper packers.

DS34 Stripper PackersSplit Caps: If the split cap is threaded on, inspect the threads carefully and make sure it threads all the way down into the housing. Corrosion is the most common reason to replace this item.

Perform NDE on this part every two years.

If the split cap has pins that retain it in place make sure the pins are in good con-dition and the clips are used properly. Both of these items are stainless and cor-rosion is normally not a problem.

Perform NDE on the split cap and retainer pins every two years.

Lower connection: This part has the seal grooves for the well bore and hydrau-lic seals. Make sure these areas are not damaged by the corrosion. If there is cor-rosion, the seals will not last as long and the tool will begin to leak. Weep holes are located between the well bore seals and the hydraulic seals so there will always be an indication of when the seals are leak-ing. Inspect the well bore port.


Upper Housing: The upper housing has the hydraulic porting which should be checked frequently. The upper housing retains the packer and it should be inspected for corrosion in the packer area.


Cylinder Rings: The upper and/or lower cylinder ring may have some wear marks due to pressure. These are normal, corro-

34


sion are not usually a problem with these but they can get damaged when removing them from the upper housing. Replace the cylinder ring if the seal areas are dam-aged.

Piston: After years of use the lower end of the piston may become pitted. Replace if the pitting is too excessive. The piston is stainless and does resist most standard corrosion problems. Replace if the seal areas are damaged. All OD surfaces of this part are sealing areas be careful when handling this item.

Perform a surface NDE on this part every two years.

Sidewinder: The critical areas of the sidewinder are the packers, energizers, and bushings. Replace the bushings if they become worn.

Inspect the manual bushing caps, the union nut that retains them and the manual stem. Corrosion may be a problem. There is a grease port that should be greased regularly. The grease port is located on the manual cap. Inspect the threads on the union nut and on the retainer that is bolted to the body.

Perform a surface NDE on these parts every two years.

Stripper Body: Treat this part as you would a BOP body. Inspect the seal areas frequently. The bonnet seals are in a counter bore of the main ram bore. Make sure this area is free of corrosion. The o-ring on the manual caps seal inside the body; inspect this area for corrosion.


Bonnet: The bonnet on the Sidewinder is similar in design to the bonnet on the BOP. There are well bore seals, hydraulic seals and a weep hole. All of these must be checked. Inspect the well bore seal and seal surface. Inspect the threads for the cylinder. Remove any nicks or burrs from the threads.

Perform a surface NDE on these parts every two years.

Cylinder: Inspect the cylinder threads, piston bore and hydraulic ports.


All other parts: Visually inspect for any damage. If the parts are damaged, they should be replaced.

Perform a surface NDE on critical parts every four years.

Side DoorPacker & Non-Extrusion Rings: The packers for these units are our blue and red interlock design. The red is always the section on the top. Above the packer and in some cases below the packer, depend-ing on the model, is the non-extrusion ring. The non-extrusion rings are designed to take as much of the wear as possible. Pressure will extrude the edges of the non-extrusion rings into the gaps around the bushings. Replace when they become worn or damaged.

Stripper Body: This is the main body of the Stripper Packer. It consists of the two large plates and the four posts that hold them together. Perform a visual check on the threads and the hydraulic ports.


Seal Sub: The seal sub is the item that retains the well bore seals. Inspect the seal grooves for corrosion, nicks, or burrs. Carefully examine this item for corrosion. If the seal sub has threads inspect the threads for damage.


Piston: The piston or window is the item that comes down and covers the well bore seals and pumps open to provide access to the packers. Visually inspect this item for damage; look for nicks on the OD and the ID. Both areas are seal surfaces. Inspect the retainer rings and split rings that hold the window in the closed position.


Bushing Sleeve: The bushing sleeve provides the housing for the bushing stack and is the inner barrier for the piston. This item is susceptible to corrosion; carefully examine the ID for corrosion. Examine the OD threads and the seal surface. Visually inspect the OD for an adequate seal sur-face. The threads on the upper end will thread directly into the cylinder. Inspect the threads.

35



Cylinder: The cylinder is either an inte-gral part of the body or a separate item. In either model the cylinder has an ID seal-ing surface. Make sure if is free of corro-sion, nicks, or burrs. Inspect the threads and any hydraulic ports.

Perform surface NDE on this part after 5 years.

Lower Connection: The lower connec-tion of the stripper packer may have either a quick union, flange, or Hydraconn profile down. It will thread into the lower flange of the body. Inspect the threads on the union nut and the section that threads into the body. Inspect all sealing surfaces. The ID will normally have some corrosion. As long as the corrosion in the ID is minimized to less than .050" it is OK.


All other parts: Visually inspect for any damage. If the parts are damaged, they should be replaced.

36

CO

ILE

D T

UB

ING

HA

ND

BO

OK

DOWNHOLE TOOLS

Standard Toolstring Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Motorhead Assembly.................................................................... 1Connectors ................................................................................... 2Safety Valves ............................................................................... 4Release Joints.............................................................................. 5Circulation and Control Valves ..................................................... 7Jars & Accelerators ...................................................................... 9Joints & Straight / Weight Bars..................................................... 11Centralizers .................................................................................. 13

Manipulation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Running/Pulling & Shifting Tools .................................................. 14

Wash Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Fishing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Commonly Used CT Threads Recognition . . . . . . . . . 23

Downhole ToolsStandard Toolstring Components

Downhole Tools

Standard Toolstring Components

Motorhead Assembly Coiled Tubing Motor Head Assemblies have been developed in recognition of industry demands for compact, heavy duty, integrated BHA components. The Motor Head Assembly combines the Double Flapper Check Valve with a Hydraulic Disconnect and a Dual Circu-lation Valve, standard components for virtu-ally all toolstring designs. The tubing connector has been deliberately eliminated to give the added flexibility of operator choice for the connector type and coil tubing size.

A Motor Head Assembly provides the opera-tor with a compact, versatile, upper BHA and offers the following features:

Double Flapper Check Valve

Coiled Tubing Motor Head Assemblies incor-porate two Flapper Cartridge Assemblies. Each Flapper Cartridge incorporates a pri-mary, low pressure PTFE seal, backed up with a secondary, high pressure metal-to-metal seal. Flapper Cartridge Assemblies simply ‘drop-in’ to the Double Flapper Check Valve housing, providing ‘ease-of-assembly’ redressing of the Motor Head Assembly.

Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect

A Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect allows the toolstring to detach at a predetermined point via the deployment of a suitable drop/trip ball through the coiled tubing.

The drop ball locates on a piston sleeve cre-ating sufficient back pressure to shear the pins and disconnect the tool. The piston sleeve pushes the tool apart to ensure a clean disconnect. Circulation is immediately returned to the toolstring, providing a surface indication of a positive disconnect. All piston sleeves and drop balls are returned to surface leaving a standard ‘GS’ internal fish neck for retrieval purposes.

The Hydraulic Disconnect utilizes a heavy duty, one piece, threaded collet slip to hold the tool together. The collet slip endures higher tensile loading than collet finger type release mechanisms and is far less suscepti-ble to fatigue. The collet slip is backed up with a collet slip sleeve to give maximum tensile strength to the disconnect during heavy jar-ring operations.

Only by dropping a ball and shearing the pins can the collet sleeve shift, allowing the collet and top sub to part. The piston sleeve is pres-sure balanced, therefore internal pressure does not affect the hydraulic configuration and shear values.

1


High torque capabilities are achieved through positive torque drive teeth between the top sub and the main body of the tool. The hydraulic disconnect is therefore ideally suited for high torque, heavy duty coiled tub-ing drilling operations where maximum perfor-mance and durability is essential.

Shear screws can be supplied in either brass or steel to give a comprehensive pressure range to suit virtually any coiled tubing appli-cation. Shear screws are also integrally situ-ated to eliminate the possibility of shear screws vibrating free during CT drilling opera-tions.

The standard configuration consists of the maximum flow through bore available, whilst maintaining maximum tensile strength in the tool. By interchanging the piston sleeve, the drop/trip ball size can be varied to suit the desired toolstring requirements. This is a par-ticularly useful feature when the Hydraulic Disconnect is situated below jars and acceler-ators, and ID restrictions are a considering factor. Running the Heavy Duty Hydraulic Dis-connect below jars and accelerators ensures that if disconnection of the toolstring is neces-sary, a greater proportion of the toolstring is safely returned to surface.

A major inherent design consideration is that of simple field redress. The hydraulic discon-nect has been methodically designed to ensure assembly & disassembly of the tool is trouble free. No special assembly tools are required and all seals are standard ‘O’ rings.

Dual Circulation Valve

Motor Head Assemblies also incorporate Coiled Tubing Dual Circulation Valves. The Dual Circulation Valve offers the traditional method of returning circulation of the tool-string through use of a drop ball. In addition, the valve is capable of operating through internal overpressure within the tubing string. Conventional dual circulation valves use a burst or rupture disc to facilitate the function of returning circulation through overpressure. However, the Dual Circulation Valve offers a pressure differential activated piston. The pis-ton activation pressure can be predetermined at surface through shear pins, offering supe-rior flexibility and considerable savings on redress. As with the other components of the Motor Head Assembly, the emphasis is on simplicity and the Dual Circulation Valve has very few component parts, seals and thread connections.

ConnectorsDimple / Grub Screw Connector

Dimple Hammer

The Coiled Tubing Grub Screw/Dimple Connector allows the attachment of coiled tubing to the CT Tool / Work String via the provision of a threaded connection.

The connector is attached to the coiled tubing by grub screws that engage in pre-formed dimples in the tubing wall.

The dimples are formed by using the Dimple Tool that places the indents in identical positions to the screws on the connector.

The Grub Screw/ Dimple Con-nectors have ‘o’ ring pressure seals as standard and are also available with ‘v’ packings as an option to create the pres-sure seal.

The Dimple Hammer is used to accurately produce the inden-tations in the coiled tubing wall, required when using the Grub Screw/Dimple type coiled tub-ing connectors.

The dimples are produced by screwing the round headed cap screws into the tubing wall by the same amount. The slide hammer aids installation and removal of the tool.

2


External Slip Connector

Roll-On Connector

Roll-On Connector Crimping Tool

Internal Slip Connector

Coiled Tubing External Slip Connectors allow the attach-ment of coiled tubing to the CT Tool Work String via the provi-sion of a threaded connection.

The design of the External Slip Type Connector utilizes a set of 'wicker' type slips that grip the tubing in a 'wedging' action, thus, an increase in tension results in increased grip. The inclusion of the 'slip bowl' assists in the 'make-up' by pre-venting rotation of the slips.

A special feature of this design is that the upper wickers are vertical and stop the connector from rotating on the coiled tub-ing.

External Slip Type Connectors have ‘o’ ring pressure seals as standard and are also available with ‘v’ packings as an option to create the pressure seal.

The Coiled Tubing Roll-On Con-nector allows the attachment of Coiled Tubing to the CT Tool / Work String via the provision of a threaded connection.

Roll-On Connectors are available to suit all standard sizes of coiled tubing.

Double Ended Roll-On Connec-tor

Double Ended Coiled Tubing Roll-On Connectors allow the inline attachment of two lengths of coiled tubing.

Double Ended Roll-On Connectors have the same outside diameter as the coiled tubing.

Double Ended Roll-On Connectors attach to the coiled tubing’s inter-nal diameter. The connector is secured by crimping the tubing into the connectors preformed chan-nels with a Roll-On Connector Crimping Tool.

Used in conjunction with the Roll-On Connector, the Roll-On Connector Crimping Tool ensures easy field installation of the Roll-On Connector to the coiled tubing.

The Crimping Tool has two interchangeable wheels, one of which is used to swage the coiled tubing onto the Roll-On Connector. The other is a cut-ting wheel which can be used to cut the coiled tubing. Replacement roller/cutters are available.

The Coiled Tubing Internal Slip Connector allows the attach-ment of coiled tubing to the CT Tool / Work String via the provi-sion of a threaded connection.

Internal Slip Connectors attach to the coiled tubing’s internal diameter. The connector is secured with tapered slips.

Double Ended Internal Slip Connector

Double Ended Coiled Tubing Internal Slip Connectors allow the inline attachment of two lengths of coiled tubing.

Double Ended Internal Slip Connectors attach to the coiled tubing’s internal diameter. The connector is secured with tapered slips.

3


Safety ValvesTwin Flapper Check Valve

Twin Flapper Check Valve with Bypass

Twin Flapper Check Valve C/W Lock

Out Sleeve

Ball Check Valve

The Coiled Tubing Twin Flapper Check Valve is a standard coiled tubing string component. Its use provides a means of preventing the back flow of well fluids into the coiled tubing in the event of failure or damage to the coiled tubing string or surface equip-ment.

The design of the Twin Flapper Check Valve incorporates a dual sealing system in each flapper assembly for increased safety. A teflon seal provides the primary low pressure seal, while at higher pressure the flapper seals on a metal to metal arrangement.

Maximum flow area through the Flapper Cartridges reduces unnecessary back pressure on the surface pumps.

The flow path through the Flap-per Cartridges does not restrict the passage of balls or darts if required during operations such as cementing.

The Twin Flapper Check Valve with Bypass is a coiled tubing string component which has been designed to be used dur-ing logging cable bypass opera-tions. Its use provides a means of preventing the back flow of well fluids into the coiled tubing in the event of failure or dam-age to the coiled tubing string or surface equipment.

The design of the Twin Flapper Check Valve incorporates a dual sealing system in each flapper assembly for increased safety. A teflon seal provides the primary low pressure seal, while at higher pressure, the flapper seals on a metal to metal arrangement.

The Coiled Tubing Twin Flap-per Check Valve with Lock Out Sleeve is a coiled tubing string component that can be run in the locked out position and activated with a drop ball when required to perform as a down-hole safety barrier. It's use pro-vides a means of preventing the back flow of well fluids into the coiled tubing in the event of failure or damage to the coiled tubing string or surface equip-ment.

The design of the Twin Flapper Check Valve incorporates a dual sealing system in each flapper assembly for increased safety. A teflon seat provides the primary low pressure seal, while at higher pressure the flapper seals on a metal to metal arrangement.

It is ideally suited to CT velocity string systems allowing activa-tion by a drop ball prior to pull-ing the string from the well.

The Ball Check Valve is a stan-dard coiled tubing string compo-nent. Its use in a toolstring provides a means of preventing the back flow of fluids into the coiled tubing in the event of fail-ure or damage to the surface equipment.

Ball Check Valves are used when devices such as balls and darts do not need to pass through the valve. In the event of a ball or dart needing to be dropped a Flapper Valve must be used.

4


Back Pressure Valve

Dual Ball (Kelly Cock) Valve

Release Joints

Shear Release Joint (Torque Thru)The Coiled Tubing Back Pres-sure Valve is a coiled tubing string component that provides a circulation path against a pre-determined back pressure. It is ideally suited to operations when the hydrostatic pressure within the coiled tubing needs to be higher than the pressure in the annulus areas.

The design of the Coiled Tubing Back Pressure Valve allows for an on-site determination of back pressure to be set at sur-face. This is achieved with the use of different ball diameters to increase/decrease the pis-ton area and pressure required to open the valve.

Coiled Tubing Back Pressure Valves are not ideally suited for cementing or abrasive fluids. For calibrated fluid delivery valves please see Coiled Tub-ing Cement Valves.

The Coiled Tubing Dual Ball Kelly Cock Valve is designed to be used in conjunction with the Combination Anti Rotation Self Aligning Connector (CARSAC), in order to safely deploy coiled tubing downhole assemblies in or out of the wellbore.

The dual ball valves can be opened or closed at surface by the use of an Allen wrench. By sliding a locking plate to allow a Wrench to be inserted into the ball key, the locking slot can be rotated into the horizontal or vertical position. When both balls have been turned into the open position, pressure can be bled off via the bleed screws and balls.

A locking feature is incorpo-rated in the design to hold the balls securely in the open posi-tion when run into the wellbore.

The Coiled Tubing Dual Ball Kelly Cock Valve is designed to be used in conjunction with the Combination Anti Rotation Self Aligning Connector (CARSAC), in order to safely deploy coiled tubing downhole assemblies in or out of the wellbore.

The dual ball valves can be opened or closed at surface by the use of an Allen wrench. By sliding a locking plate to allow a Wrench to be inserted into the ball key, the locking slot can be rotated into the horizontal or vertical position. When both balls have been turned into the open position, pressure can be bled off via the bleed screws and balls.

A locking feature is incorpo-rated in the design to hold the balls securely in the open posi-tion when run into the wellbore.

5


Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect

The Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect allows the toolstring to detach at a predetermined point via the deployment of a suitable drop/trip ball through the coiled tubing.

The drop ball locates on a piston sleeve creating sufficient back pressure to shear the pins and disconnect the tool. The piston sleeve pushes the tool apart to ensure a clean disconnect. Circula-tion is immediately returned to the toolstring, providing a surface indication of a positive disconnect. All piston sleeves and drop balls are returned to surface leaving a standard ‘GS’ internal fish neck for retrieval purposes.

The Hydraulic Disconnect utilizes a heavy duty, one piece, threaded collet slip to hold the tool together. The collet slip endures higher tensile loading than collet finger type release mechanisms and is far less susceptible to fatigue. The collet slip is backed up with a collet slip sleeve to give maximum tensile strength to the disconnect during heavy jarring operations. Only by dropping a ball and shearing the pins can the collet sleeve shift, allowing the collet and top sub to part. The piston sleeve is pres-sure balanced, therefore internal pressure does not affect the hydraulic configuration and shear values.

High torque capabilities are achieved through positive torque drive teeth between the top sub and the main body of the tool. The hydraulic disconnect is therefore ideally suited for high torque, heavy duty coiled tubing drilling operations where maximum per-formance and durability is essential.

Shear screws can be supplied in either brass or steel to give a comprehensive pressure range to suit virtually any coiled tubing application. Shear screws are also integrally situated to eliminate the possibility of shear screws vibrating free during CT drilling operations.

The standard configuration consists of the maximum flow through bore available, whilst maintaining maximum tensile strength in the tool. By interchanging the piston sleeve, the drop/trip ball size can be varied to suit the desired toolstring requirements. This is a par-ticularly useful feature when the Hydraulic Disconnect is situated below jars and accelerators, and ID restrictions are a factor for consideration. Running the Heavy Duty Hydraulic Disconnect below jars and accelerators ensures that if disconnection of the toolstring is necessary, a greater proportion of the toolstring is safely returned to surface.

6


Shear Release Joint (Torque Thru)

Release Joint Retrieval Tool

Circulation and Control ValvesBall Activated Circulation Valve

Dual Circulation Valve

The Coiled Tubing Shear Release Joint allows the parting of the coiled tubing work string by applied predetermined ten-sion.

The Shear Release Joint was designed for and used primarily in cement stinger operations as a simple effective emergency release.

Shear Release Joints incorpo-rate shear screws that can be used in various combinations to allow a wide range of predeter-mined shear settings.

The released part of the Shear Release Joint can be retrieved using a ‘GS’ type Pulling Tool or a Release Joint Retrieval Tool.

The Coiled Tubing Release Joint Retrieval Tool is a coiled tubing service tool designed to retrieve a Release Joint that has been previously activated.

The heavy duty lugs are designed to engage the stan-dard size fish neck inside the released joint.

Shear pins facilitate release of the tool from the fish neck if required. The shear pin values are preset at surface to suit operational restrictions or maxi-mum over-pull available.

The Coiled Tubing Ball Acti-vated Circulation Valve is designed to allow circulation above the coiled tubing work/tool string.

The tool is activated by using a drop ball and can be adjusted on surface to shear out by vary-ing the number and type of shear pin used. Pressure applied to the drop ball causes the pins to shear and the sleeve to move down allowing circula-tion via the side ports.

The Coiled Tubing Dual Circulation Valve offers the traditional method of returning circulation of the toolstring through use of a drop ball. In addition, the valve is capable of operat-ing through internal over-pressure within the tubing string.

Conventional dual circula-tion valves use a burst or rupture disc to facilitate the function of returning circulation through over-pressure. However, the Dual Circulation Valve offers a pressure differen-tial activated piston. The piston activation pressure can be predetermined at surface through shear pins, offering superior flex-ibility and considerable savings on redress.

As with many other tools in a standard BHA tool-string, the emphasis is on simplicity and the Dual Circulation Valve has very few component parts, seals and thread connec-tions.

7


Burst Disc Circulation Sub

Cement Valve

Sequencing Tool

The Coiled Tubing Burst Disc Cir-culation Sub is a standard coiled tubing tool string component that is used in conjunction with tools that require drop balls etc., and that need to be circulated into the coiled tubing.

Burst Disc Circulation Subs are incorporated into the coiled tubing tool string just below the tool that requires a drop ball.

Should circulation be lost due to a down hole restriction, a predeter-mined pressure applied to the coil will burst the disc in the sub and re-establish circulation.

The Coiled Tubing Cement Valve is a special type of check valve designed to support a column of fluid, until such time as an increase in pressure is applied to the column from above. Once the increased pressure is seen at the valve it will open and the col-umn of fluid will be allowed to flow through the valve. By reducing pres-sure to the column of fluid to its origi-nal level the valve will close and the fluid will cease to flow.

As pressure is applied to the column of fluid, it sees the selected cross sectional area and begins to com-press the disc springs.

The disc springs are compressed before the ball reaches the lift sub. At this point, the fluid is being held by the spring pressure, against the com-bination of pressure multiplied by cross sectional area of the piston.

If the pressure is now increased, the ball will be lifted from its seat by the lift sub allowing the fluid to bypass the ball and travel down the tool.

The Cement Valve can be reconfig-ured using interchangeable pistons to operate at different pressures in a range from 500 to 5000psi.

The Coiled Tubing Cement Valve was originally developed as a control valve, capable of accurately deliver-ing cement during coiled tubing cementing operations. The same tool can also be used to deliver any fluid downhole using the same principle.

The Coiled Tubing Flow Acti-vated Sequencing Tool is a valve designed to actuate downhole coiled tubing tools at a predetermined pressure and to operate as a controlled bleed valve when bleeding down internal coil pressure.

The Flow Activated Sequencing Tool is a ‘normally open’ valve which allows circulation through the tool to the annulus, whilst running into the well. Once a pre-determined differential pressure is exceeded, the flow path to the annulus is closed and diverted into the internal bore of the toolstring, thereby enabling hydraulic activation of any tools in the lower and upper end of the tool string.

When pulling a toolstring out of the well, a Sequencing Tool can be used to safely bleed off internal coil pressure. When the coil pressure is decreased to a pre-determined pressure, the Sequencing Tool opens and allows bleed through its bypass ports. Therefore during bleed down the internal/external pres-sures are balanced, thus elimi-nating the possibility of

prematurely releasing flow acti-vated manipulation tools in the lubricator.

The closing differential pres-sure of the Sequencing Tool can be field adjusted to between 500 to 2000psi by sim-ply placing an internal 'O' ring in one of four positions.

8


Jars & AcceleratorsUpstroke Hydraulic Jar

Downstroke Hydraulic Jar

Coiled Tubing Upstroke Hydraulic Jars provides the means for repeatable, con-trolled upward jarring when required during coiled tubing operations.

The Coiled Tubing Upstroke Hydraulic Jar has a highly dependable closed and bal-anced hydraulic system for hydrostatic pressure. This allows the coiled tubing opera-tor to control the intensity of the jarring action to suit the field application, by applying a sus-tained downward load, which can be infinitely variable, according to the usage applica-tion.

Coiled Tubing Upstroke Hydraulic Jars are normally used in conjunction with the coiled tubing Upstroke Acceler-ator. It is suitable for most coiled tubing applications where the deployment of down-hole service and manipulation tools is required, including set-ting and pulling plugs, gas lift valves, opening and shutting sliding side doors and the gen-eral fishing of downhole retriev-ables.

Coiled Tubing Upstroke Hydraulic Jars are also used in most standard coiled tubing toolstrings during other coiled tubing services such as swab-bing, jetting, logging, and stim-ulating, especially in deviated wells, where there is a possibil-ity of the toolstring becoming stuck.

Coiled Tubing Downstroke Hydraulic Jars provides the means for repeatable, con-trolled downward jarring when required during coiled tubing operations.

The Coiled Tubing Downstroke Hydraulic Jar has a highly dependable closed and bal-anced hydraulic system for hydrostatic pressure. This allows the coiled tubing opera-tor to control the intensity of the jarring action to suit the field application, by applying a sus-tained downward load, which can be infinitely variable, according to the usage applica-tion.

The Coiled Tubing Downstroke Hydraulic Jar is normally used in conjunction with the Coiled Tubing Downstroke Accelera-tor. It is suitable for most coiled tubing applications where the deployment of downhole ser-vice and manipulation tools is required, including setting and pulling plugs, gas lift valves, opening and shutting sliding side doors and the general fish-ing of downhole retrievables.

Coiled Tubing Downstroke Hydraulic Jars are also used in most standard coiled tubing toolstrings during other coiled tubing services such as swab-bing, jetting, logging, and

stimulating, especially in devi-ated wells, where there is a possibility of the toolstring becoming stuck.

9


Upstroke Intensifier Downstroke Intensifier

Coiled Tubing Upstroke Intensifi-ers are used in conjunction with the Coiled Tubing Upstoke Hydraulic Jars.

Its purpose is to provide the neces-sary even pull and acceleration power for the Coiled Tubing Upstoke Hydraulic Jar to operate efficiently, especially at shallow depths where there is limited coiled tubing stretch.

The Coiled Tubing Upstroke Inten-sifier stores upward energy in a powerful compression spring, which is suddenly released when the Hydraulic Jar ‘releases’, thus accelerating the upward jarring impact.

The Coiled Tubing Upstroke Inten-sifier is fully vented to the well bore to prevent damping effect and has full ‘pump through’ capability, com-patible with the CT Hydraulic Jar.

Under normal conditions the Coiled Tubing Upstroke Intensifier will function at temperatures of up to 200°C if circulation is maintained during operations.

Coiled Tubing Downstroke Intensifiers are used in conjunction with the Coiled Tubing Downstroke Hydraulic Jars.

Its purpose is to provide the neces-sary even pull and acceleration power for the Coiled Tubing Downstroke Hydraulic Jar to operate efficiently, especially in long reach wells where there is limited coiled tubing push.

The Coiled Tubing Downstroke Inten-sifier stores downward energy in a powerful compression spring, which is suddenly released when the Hydraulic Jar ‘releases’, thus accelerating the downward jarring impact.

The Coiled Tubing Downstroke Inten-sifier is fully vented to the well bore to prevent damping effect and has full ‘pump through’ capability, compatible with the Coiled Tubing Hydraulic Jar.

Under normal conditions the PCE Coiled Tubing Downstroke Intensifier will function at temperatures of up to 200°C if circulation is maintained dur-ing operations.

10


Joints & Straight / Weight Bars C.A.R.S.A.C. HT Connector

Knuckle Joint

Torque Thru Knuckle Joint

The Coil Tubing C.A.R.S.A.C. HT (Combination Anti-Rota-tion Self Aligning Connector – High Torque) was developed by PCE to create a dedicated self aligning tool string con-nector, capable of withstand-ing high degrees of torque in both directions.

The C.A.R.S.A.C. HT is designed to assist with the tubing ‘make-up’ where it is difficult to rotate the tools to engage threads and is particu-larly suited for long toolstring applications. It is especially useful when utilized in con-junction with integral ball valves and deployment bars.

By incorporating the C.A.R.S.A.C. HT in the BHA, the string can be divided into smaller, more manageable sections. Each section can be torqued up accordingly before loading into the lubricator sec-tion. (The C.A.R.S.A.C. HT matches the torsion yield strengths of all coiled tubing drilling thread connections where high torque tolerance is a major consideration).

The locking taper feature allows each section of the toolstring to simply ‘stab-in’ and centralize before the torque drive teeth positively engage into the female lower sub. The primary locking collar is then screwed down to lock the two sections together. The secondary locking collar can then be screwed down to secure the joint and prevent the primary collar from back-ing off.

The C.A.R.S.A.C. HT is also a fundamental component of the Coiled Tubing Deployment System. For applications where the toolstring length exceeds the capacity of the lubricator section, the BHA deployment can be staggered by use of a Coiled Tubing Deployment System.

The Coiled Tubing Knuckle Joint, when incorporated between the jars and the manipulation tool, will pro-vide additional flexibility in the tool-string. This additional flexibility is often necessary when the bore of the hole the tool is running through is restricted and/or highly deviated.

The Coiled Tubing Knuckle Joint allows full 360° rotation of the tool-string and provides full 15° angular deviation and internal pressure sealing throughout the full rotation of the tool. The ball and socket of the knuckle provide the rotation and angular deviation of the tool. Seals in the ball provide the sealing capa-bility.

Where rotation under load is required see the coiled tubing swivel joint. The full flow through bore also allows the use of flow activated tools below the coiled tub-ing knuckle joint. Multiple coiled tubing knuckle joints can be incor-porated in particularly long tool-strings.

The Coiled Tubing Torque Thru Knuckle Joint, when incorporated between the jars and the manipula-tion tool, will provide additional flexi-bility in the toolstring. This additional flexibility is often neces-sary when the bore of the hole the tool is running through is restricted and/or highly deviated. The Coiled Tubing Torque Thru Knuckle Joint can be used when rotation of the toolstring is not required, for exam-ple, coiled tubing drilling applica-tions.

The coiled tubing knuckle joint pro-vides full 15° angular deviation and internal pressure sealing through-out the full deviation of the tool. The ball and socket of the knuckle have a key that prevents rotation but still allows full angular movement. The full flow through bore also allows the use of flow activated tools below the coiled tubing knuckle joint. Mul-tiple coiled tubing torque thru knuckle joints can be incorporated in particularly long toolstrings.

11


Swivel Joint

Deployment System

The Coiled Tubing Deployment System is an application workstring used where the tool-string length exceeds the capacity of the lubri-cator section. By using a Coiled Tubing Deployment System the BHA deployment can be staggered.

The Coiled Tubing Deployment System is a combination of three components, a Deploy-ment Bar, a Dual Ball Kelly Cock Valve and a C.A.R.S.A.C. HT.i

The diameter of the waisted section of the Deployment bar is matched to the size of coiled tubing being used and retains full bore flow through.

Closing the ball valves in the Kelly Cock Valve gives a double barrier to the wellbore.

The C.A.R.S.A.C. connector allows connec-tion with the upper tool string without the need to rotate the work string.

By running a combination of a Deployment Bar, a Dual Ball Kelly Cock Valve and a C.A.R.S.A.C. HT, the BHA can be deployed in multiple stages as follows:

• Lower BHA assembly made up to the Deployment System and positioned in the lubricator.

• Connect upper (male) section of C.A.R.S.A.C, Check Valve & Con-nector to coiled tubing.

• Upper string is lowered onto lower BHA section and connected via the C.A.R.S.A.C.

• Lower BHA section below the BOP & close pipe rams around the Deploy-

ment Bar creating a seal between the well and surface.

• Close ball valves on the Dual Ball Kelly Cock and bleed off the remain-ing pressure in the upper string.

• Separate the C.A.R.S.A.C leaving the female lower sub facing upwards.

• Make up remaining BHA with upper male section of C.A.R.S.A.C and stab into the lower BHA section.

As rotation of either BHA section is not possi-ble, the ‘stab-in’ feature of the C.A.R.S.A.C. HT is vital. The PCE Coiled Tubing Deploy-ment Bar System is available to suit most applications and configurations of coiled tub-ing pipe rams.

As rotation of either BHA section is not possi-ble, the ‘stab-in’ feature of the C.A.R.S.A.C. HT is vital. The PCE Coiled Tubing Deploy-ment Bar System is available to suit most applications and configurations of coiled tub-ing pipe rams.

Schematic: Showing Deployment System being held in a B.O.P. prior to connection to the upper

toolstring and coiled tubing.

The Coiled Tubing Swivel Joint is a standard toolstring component which when used, permits full rotation of the BHA made up below the joint.

The Swivel’s design includes integral sealed bearings which ensure full integrity of flow through the joint.

The inclusion of a CT Swivel Joint in a typical BHA gives the operator orien-tation flexibility. A CT Swivel Joint in a BHA will allow the toolstring to be bro-ken and made-up below the joint with-out the need to disconnect from the coil.

Swivel Joints are necessary where toolstring orientation is required such as in the running and pulling of gas lift mandrel.

12


Weight/Straight Bar CentralizersFluted Centralizer

Flow Activated Bow Spring Central-izer

Weight Bar is manufactured from solid bar and the relatively small I.D. ensures maximum weight displacement. The stan-dard through bore coincides with the I.D. of the Coiled Tub-ing

Hydraulic Jar & Accelerator.

The Weight Bar can be used in conjunction with the Coiled Tub-ing Hydraulic Jar & Accelerator to provide supplementary mass during jarring operations, thus enhancing impact loads. By increasing the accelerating mass during a jarring operation, impact loads can be signifi-cantly amplified over conven-tional Jar/Accelerator combinations.

The Weight Bar can also be uti-lized with a downhole motor to act as a drill collar. The addi-tional weight on the motor string can help provide more con-trolled ‘weight on bit’ during coiled tubing drilling operations.

Straight Bar

Straight Bar provides a means of extending the toolstring, whilst maintaining the maximum through bore. The tubular sec-tion between the top & bottom sub can be interchanged to vary the length of the straight bar. This approach offers an ideal way of spacing out tools within the toolstring, without compro-mising the flow requirements of flow activated or jetting tools.

Straight Bar

Weight Bar

The Coiled Tubing Fluted Cen-tralizer is designed to be included as part of the coiled tubing work string to assist in providing centralization to allow easier location of tools during fishing or to provide general sta-bility in the tubing.

Fluted Centralizers have a full flow through bore allowing pas-sage of darts or drop balls and is available in any specific length.

Flow Activated Bow Spring Centralizers are designed to allow tool strings or parts of tool strings to be centralized in the tubing /casing for various oper-ations.

The Flow Activated Bow Spring Centralizer is designed so that it’s bow springs are normally retracted. The bow springs only expand when a pressure differ-ential is achieved across the tool. This enables the central-izer to pass, for example, through the restricted bores of the tail pipe and expand into the casing liner below without any unnecessary wear on the bow springs.

As a safety precaution, the bow springs are mounted above a coil spring. This is to allow the bow springs the necessary movement they require in order to pass through a restricted bore whilst still expanded.

13

Downhole ToolsManipulation Tools

Manipulation Tools

Running/Pulling & Shifting ToolsFlow Activated “GS” Running/Pulling Tool

Flow Activated “Heavy Duty” Run-ning/Pulling Tool

Flow Activated Double Ended Selec-tive Shifting Tool

Flow Activated Shifting Tool

The Coiled Tubing Flow Activated 'GS' Type Running/Pulling Tool is designed to run and retrieve down-hole tools with conventional inter-nal fish necks.

The latching mechanism is a robust dog/core design which releases positively from the inter-nal fish neck when a hydraulic dif-ferential is applied to the tool.

The tool does not require shear pins or drop balls since the differ-ential required to activate the tool is provided by circulating through a choke insert in the core.

The Hydraulic 'GS' Type Running/Pulling Tools are available for all standard internal fish neck sizes.

The Coiled Tubing Flow Acti-vated Heavy Duty Running/Pull-ing Tool is a collet type running/pulling tool designed to run or retrieve downhole tools that have conventional external fish-ing necks.

The running/pulling tool design is extremely robust in construc-tion and allows a full 360 degree engagement of the fishing neck to be latched.

The tool is fully hydraulically activated and therefore does not require the use of shear pins or drop balls to operate, since this is achieved by circulating through a choke in the core of the tool.

Hydraulic Heavy Duty Running/Pulling Tools are available for all sizes of standard external fish necks.

The Coiled Tubing Double Ended Selective Shifting Tool (DESST) has been designed

specifically to selectively shift PCE, Otis, Camco, Baker sliding sleeves (SSD’s) in horizontal well bores.

The DESST shifting keys are nor-mally retracted during the running operation and are hydraulically flow activated to the open shift position by increasing surface pump vol-ume and therefore, pressure at the downhole location of the DESST and SSD. The DESST can selec-tively open or close multiple SSD’s in a single coiled tubing trip.

The Flow Activated Shifting Tool is designed to be used as a work tool for opening and clos-ing sliding sleeves.

The normally closed shifting tool is flow activated and therefore does not require the use of drop balls to activate it. The shifting tool by design can be used to either open or close sliding sleeves.

Flow Activated Shifting Tools are available to suit all sizes and makes of sliding sleeves and can be supplied with either positive or selective keys.

14


Internal Fishneck Reference Table for CT Flow Activated “GS” Running/Pulling Tool

NominalTool Size 11/4” 11/2” 11/2” 2” 21/2” 3” 31/2”

Special 4”

4” 5” 5.62” 7” 73/4” 85/8” 95/8”

Tubing Size O.D. 1.66” 1.9” 2.062” 23/8” 27/8” 31/2” 4” 4” 41/2” 51/2” 55/8” 7” 73/4” 85/8” 95/8”

A (in)

0.88 1.06 1.06 1.38 1.81 2.31 2.62 2.75 3.12 4.00 4.75 5.38 6.25 7.12 7.62

0.90 1.08 1.08 1.40 1.83 2.33 2.64 2.77 3.14 4.02 4.77 5.40 6.27 7.14 7.64

B(in)

1.03 1.22 1.22 1.57 2.00 2.50 2.81 2.94 3.31 4.19 5.00 5.62 6.50 7.50 8.00

1.05 1.24 1.24 1.59 2.02 2.52 2.83 2.96 3.33 4.21 5.02 5.64 6.52 7.52 8.02

C(in)

0.97 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.47 1.58 1.58

1.03 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.64 1.64

D Ref.(in)

1.38 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.36 2.36

E(in)

1.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 2.97 3.23 3.23

2.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.03 3.27 3.27

F(in)

0.88 1.06 1.06 1.38 1.81 2.31 2.62 2.75 3.12 4.00 4.75 5.38 6.25 7.12 7.62

0.90 1.08 1.08 1.40 1.83 2.33 2.64 2.77 3.14 4.02 4.77 5.40 6.27 7.14 7.64

G(in)

1.00 1.16 1.16 1.59 1.98 2.47 2.78 2.91 3.35 4.16 4.98 5.60 6.48 7.47 7.98

1.06 1.22 1.22 1.65 2.02 2.53 2.84 2.97 3.41 4.22 5.02 5.64 6.52 7.53 8.02

H(in)

0.42 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.77 0.77

0.34 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.73 0.73

J 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 30° 45° 45° 45° 45° 45°

15


Flow Activated Kickover Tool

By continuing PCE’s renowned reputation for developing world leading hydrau-lically activated coiled tubing tools, PCE proudly present the Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Kickover Tool.

PCE began development many years ago, designing and manufacturing hydraulic adapter subs to allow existing wireline kickover tools to perform on coiled tubing. The primary objective with this system was to allow existing wire-line kickover tools to be used in highly deviated wells, where even the most effective, low friction, roller stem and linear jars proved to be inoperable under these conditions. The hydraulic sub simply provided a means of activating the kickover tool arm through pressure within the coiled tubing. The distinct advan-tage was the ability to ensure the arm remained rigidly kicked out whilst engag-ing the valve in the side pocket mandrel. Although successful in achieving its objectives, the development did not stop there.

During our experience with hydraulic sub adapters, many factors lead to the recognized need to develop a dedicated, fully flow activated coiled tubing ver-sion of the kickover tool. As well as the difficulty to work in deviated wells, the orientation trigger found in traditional wireline kickover tools, shears out when leaving the mandrel, thus this operation is effectively, a ‘one shot deal’.

PCE’s team of design engineers began work on developing a fully hydraulic, dedicated coiled tubing solution for running and pulling gas lift valves located in side pockets. The design attributes include a hydraulically activated trigger mechanism with the functionality of indefinite repeatable operation. Whilst pro-viding a hydraulically activated kickout joint, the tool offers full flow through capability, providing a means of jetting fluid directly onto the gas lift valve. Acid can also be ‘spotted’ through the tool to help dissolve build-ups of scale around the valve fish neck. This added facility greatly increases the likelihood of suc-cessfully retrieving the valve, first time. Also, with the facility of flow running through the tool, the option of a hydraulic release type pulling tool is also feasi-ble.

Typical Running Procedure

The toolstring would typically consist of a (a) tubing connector, (b) double flap-per check valve, (c) hydraulic disconnect, (d) dual circulation valve, (e) sequencing valve, (f) swivel joint, (g) flow activated kickover tool, and (h) an appropriate pulling tool. Jars and accelerators may be run if necessary. The hydraulic trigger mechanism remains ‘in’ as the tool is RIH, circulation through the sequencing valve ensures the pressure within the toolstring does not exceed the pressure in the annulus. This will prevent the trigger and the kickout joint operating prematurely. The kickover tool remains rigidly straight whilst run-ning through the completion, eliminating unintentional access to mandrels fur-ther up the string. The kickover tool is run past the selected side pocket mandrel. Pressure within the string is increased, thus shutting off the sequenc-ing valve and activating the hydraulic trigger. The toolstring is then pulled back through the mandrel until the trigger engages the orientation housing of the mandrel, an increase in weight can be seen at surface. The tubing pressure is then increased further to activate the kickout joint. Maintaining this pressure ensures the joint is permanently ‘kicked out’, even when the side pocket is situ-ated on the high side. By sitting down, the pulling tool engages the gas lift valve fishing neck. As the fluid within the toolstring is exiting through the pulling tool, the gas-lift valve is cleaned prior to latching. The internal toolstring pressure is then reduced so as to re-open the sequencing valve, consequently deactivating the trigger and kickout joint.

An overpull determines the valve is engaged and an increased overpull extracts the valve from the side pocket mandrel. Jars may be required to aid this operation. The gas-lift valve can then be successfully brought to surface. Running a replacement valve or dummy works on a similar principle. This sce-nario is where a hydraulic release running tool would be an advantage.

Hydraulic adapter subs are available for a whole range of existing wireline kick-over tools. Dedicated flow activated kickover tools are limited to medium and larger sizes of side pocket mandrels due to their complex internal hydraulic mechanisms.

16


Flow Activated High Torque Indexing Tool

Flow Activated Multi-ShotTubing End Locator

Single Shot Tubing Punch

Coiled Tubing Flow Activated High Torque Indexing Tools are designed for use when con-trolled rotation of the lower tool string is required. The tool has particular application for rotat-ing fishing overshots onto the fish.

The Flow Activated High Torque Indexing Tool is designed on a rotating cam principle. The tool does not stroke downward in order to index the cam, since this action is achieved internally.

The Coiled tubing Flow Acti-vated Multi-Shot Tubing End Locator is designed to be used as part of the standard tool string assembly to locate the end of the production tubing for depth correlation.

The Tubing End Locator is flow activated and therefore offers the ability to 're-tag' the end of the tubing as many times as required without the need to retract from the well for redress.

The tool is flow activated by surface pump volume and pres-sure, and the force required to pull through the tubing end can therefore be infinitely varied.

Hydraulic Tubing End Locators are available in a range of tool-string sizes, with fingers to suit the tubing i.d. as required.

The Coiled Tubing Single Shot Tubing Punch is a mechanical punch perforator hydraulically activated by applying pressure to the CT string. The CT Single Shot Tubing Punch is normally run in conjunction with a Sequencing Valve.

The CT Single ShotTubing Punch is only designed to punch one hole in one trip, how-ever a CT Multi Shot Tubing Punch has been developed to punch multiple holes in one coiled tubing run.

17


Multi-Shot Tubing Punch Nipple Locator

The Coiled Tubing Multi-Shot Tub-ing Punch is a hydraulically oper-ated mechanical punch perforator that can be used to perforate stan-dard and heavy wall tubing. Perfo-rating tubing provides access to casing annulus to circulate or kill a well or bring in additional produc-tive zones.

The Multi-Shot Tubing Punch can also be used for emergency situa-tion, such as to permit production through tailpipe that has been plugged and cannot be opened by regular means.

Multi-Shot Tubing Punches are designed to perforate tubing under pressure. There are no explosives used and with the proper punch and bushing there is no danger of perforating through the tubing and into the casing.

The mechanical operation of the Multi-Shot Tubing Punch is the same as the standard field proven wireline deployed mechanical Tub-ing Punch. Integral to the mechani-cal punch perforator is a hydraulic system that, with the application of pressure, will activate the tool to punch a hole in the tubing. A reduc-tion in the applied pressure will cause the tool to re-set itself enabling the tool to punch further holes without bringing the tool back to surface for re-setting.

Multi-Shot Tubing Punches can be run on a standard coiled tubing tool string in conjunction with a hydrau-lically operated tubing anchor and, if required, an indexing tool. The Multi-Shot Tubing Punch should be run in hole in the unset condition. When at the required depth a pres-sure can be applied sufficient to set the tubing anchor. By increasing the pressure the mechanical punch will be activated punching a hole in the tubing. Once the hole has been punched in the tubing a vent port will be opened causing a pressure drop, which can be seen at sur-face.

Allowing the pressure to drop will cause the punch to be retracted. The pressure can then be bled to zero releasing the hydraulic anchor and allowing the tool to be moved to a new position.

Tubing Nipple Locators are designed to locate nipples in the tubing whilst downhole coiled tub-ing operations are being per-formed. This makes the tool ideal for depth correlation by tagging a known datum in the production tub-ing.

The Nipple Locator can be posi-tioned virtually anywhere in the BHA. As the Nipple Locator is purely mechanical, the operation of the tool does not require any hydraulic pressure to operate.

The Tubing Nipple Locator is run below the nipple to the desired position. A slow pick up will then allow the dogs to tag the back of the nipple profile. A small overpull (approximately 600-900lbs) will be seen on the weight indicator. This procedure may be repeated indefi-nitely ensuring that the datum points can be re-checked, there-fore a constant indication can be determined.

If a more positive indication is required, the Nipple Locator has the added feature of a shear pin sub. By pinning the shear sub with predetermined shear pins, the Nip-ple Locator can be configured to allow a significant increase in over-pull. This more positive surface indication of depth correlation can permit an overpull of up to 5000Lbs, this operation is however a one-shot operation and once the pins are sheared, the Nipple Loca-tor reverts back to the conventional 600-900lbs repeatable overpulls.

The Tubing Nipple Locator com-prises of a spring loaded dog assembly which provides a reliable and repeatable means of tagging a range of common nipples within a specific tubing size. All springs are encapsulated minimizing the risk of mechanical tool failure from debris ingress.

The Nipple Locator incorporates Nickel Alloy springs as standard and is therefore suitable for both standard and H2S conditions.

18

Downhole ToolsWash Tools

Wash ToolsFlow Activated Jetting Indexing Tool

Multi-Jet Wash Tool

Rotary Jet Wash Tool

Slimhole Jetting Head Assembly

Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Hydraulic Jetting Indexing Tools are designed to rotate jetting wash nozzles, to allow full 360° bore coverage.

The Jetting Indexing Tool is rotated in a controlled 45° or 60° incre-mental manner by applying inter-mittent surface pump pressure.

When flow pressure is increased to the index operating pressure, the lower half of the tool strokes downwards and indexes. Maintain-ing the pressure then allows the increased flow to jet through the jetting wash nozzle. When the flow pressure is decreased the tool strokes back and completes the indexing cycle.

By repeating this operation a full 360° wash cycle can be achieved. A range of jetting nozzles can be supplied with the Jetting Indexing Tool.

The Coiled Tubing Multi-Jet Wash Tool is a non-rotational wash tool with simple grub screw nozzles that are field adjustable.

Multi-Jet Wash Tools are nor-mally used in conjunction with Flow Activated Hydraulic Jetting Indexing Tool. Multi-Jet Wash Tools are available a range of sizes.

The Coiled Tubing Rotary Jet Wash Tool is designed to be used for both jetting and cir-culating operations when cleaning and washing the inside of the tubing. It can also be used to assist in moti-vating the coiled tubing string both in and out of the well.

The design of the Rotary Jet Wash Tool works on the prin-cipal of applied fluid pressure causing the nozzle to rotate and jet the fluid against the tubing wall in a full 360 degree rotating action. Rotary Jet Wash Tools are available in a range of sizes.

Coiled Tubing Slim Hole Jet-ting Head Assembly are designed to provide the oper-ator with a tool assembly that is the same diameter as the coiled tubing and to incorpo-rate the basic requirements of any jetting or washing tool.

The Flapper Check Valve Cartridge is used as the prime safety barrier to prevent back flow up the coiled tubing should control of the pump or ancillary surface equipment be lost at surface for any rea-son.

By incorporating a conven-tional ‘Roll-On’ Connector, and facilitating the choice of Jetting Nozzles, Wash Tools or other slim hole tools into the integrated design, the Slim Hole Jetting Head Assembly becomes the ideal tool for all slim hole applica-tions.

19

Downhole ToolsFishing Tools

Jetting Nozzles Fishing ToolsHydrostatic Bailer

Single Port Flow Thru Nozzle

Multiple Back Flow Port Nozzle

Multiple SideFlow Port Nozzle

Multiple FlowPort Nozzle

Multiple Up FlowPort Nozzle

Single Flow Port Mule-shoe Nozzle

Coiled Tubing Hydrostatic Bailers are designed to be used to bail sand and debris from horizontal well bores where difficulty is experienced circulating the sand out in the conven-tional manner.

Hydrostatic Bailers is run to depth and fired by over-pressuring the coiled tub-ing at which time the sand or debris is sucked into the atmospheric chamber. A flapper valve retains the sand and fingers on the bottom sub also act as a junk basket, to retain any larger debris. A 3" diameter by 30' long Hydrostatic Bailer will bail approxi-mately one cubic foot of sand per run.

Hydrostatic Bailers are nor-mally run in conjunction with a Sequencing Tool, to allow circulation whilst run-ning into the well and over pressuring to fire the bailer when desired.

20


Flow Activated Fishing/Bulldog Spear

Fishing Grabs

Lead Impression Block

Releasable Overshot

Flow Activated Coiled Tub-ing Releasable Fishing/Bulldog Spears are a vari-able catch internal spear used to retrieve a lost cylin-drical fish from the well bore.

A complete range of slips is available for each size tool. To operate simply run into the fish and set down weight, pick up, and retrieve the fish.

To release from the fish simply set down weight, circulate in conjunction with a PCE Hydraulic Sequencing Tool above the spear. The spear will then release due to the flow created differential.

The Coiled Tubing Fishing Grab is a tool normally used to retrieve wire that has broken in the tubing.

The Coiled Tubing Fishing Grab consists of a box up connection in a housing with either two or three flexible prongs extending downwards. Pointed barbs are welded to the inside of the prongs so as to form hooks that will catch the looped end of the broken line. The Coiled Tubing Fishing Grab also has a large flow through bore.

When a line breaks below the stuffing box, a full gauge such as a slotted skirt wirefinder is nor-mally used to both locate and ball up the broken end of the line before running the fishing grab. The fishing grab is flexible enough to bend and can be gauged for the tubing it is to be run in. The prong ends of the grab should fit snugly against the walls of the tubing to help prevent line bypass.

The Coiled Tubing Lead Impression Block is an adapted standard wireline service tool used to obtain impressions of foreign objects in the tubing string to assist in identification of the object and thus selec-tion of the correct fishing tool.

Lead Impression Blocks are available in a range of sizes.

The Flow Activated Coiled Tubing Releasable Overshot is a variable catch external overshot used to retrieve a lost cylindrical fish from the well bore.

Flow Activated Coiled Tubing Releasable Overshots operate in the same way as a standard non-releasable overshot. The tool is run in hole until it over shoots the cylin-drical fish and stops out. Pulling up will cause the slips to set into the fish. Where the coiled tubing releasable overshot differs from a standard overshot is that, should the fish be irretrievable or simply require transportation to another location in the well, dropping a ball or flow activation will enable the tool to release from the fish and be pulled back to surface.

The Flow Activated Coiled Tubing Releasable Overshot can be used to fish lost or broken coil and tubing and also coiled tubing tools that have backed off down hole. Flow Activated Coiled Tubing Releas-able Overshots can be supplied to overshot and seal onto a specific fish in order to form a pressure tight seal. This is of importance if there is a flow activated tool beneath the fish that requires operation before the fish can be retrieved.

A complete range of hardened and double tempered slips are avail-able for each size tool.

21


Non-Releasable Overshot

Venturi Junk Basket

Flow Activated Alligator Grab

The Coiled Tubing Non Releasable Overshot is a fishing tool utilized to catch coiled tubing or downhole tools without a fish neck.

The latching mechanism of the tool utilizes hardened and tempered parallel slips to grip the outside diameter of the 'fish'.

Where required, threaded main bodies are available to enable bell guides to be fitted for fishing small diameter tools in large internal diame-ter tubing. They can also be supplied with internal or external fishing necks look-ing up to enable them to be used in conjunction with a Heavy Duty Running / Pulling Tool.

The Coiled Tubing Venturi Junk Basket is a tool which is used to retrieve junk and debris out of the well bore. When fluid is pumped through the string of the coiled tub-ing and out through the nozzles in the venturi chamber, a vacuum is created in the venturi chamber. Fluid is sucked from the bottom of the tool exit back through the ven-turi tubes. Most of this fluid mixes with the pressurized fluid to be re-circulated around the bottom of the tool.

The tool is essentially a high pow-ered vacuum cleaner that may be used with fluid, nitrogenated fluids or gases. The nozzles in the tool are simply changed out for the available pump rate, fluid or gas. A debris filter screen is placed before the venturi chamber to prevent debris from blocking the venturi tubes.

A hollow magnetic section with a finger type trap catches junk and debris, which is then carried from the well inside the tool.

Barrel extensions are available to increase the volume of junk which may be carried.

The tool is not dependent on hole size to work, so for example you could use a 3.1/8” o.d. tool to retrieve debris from 7” casing.

Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Alligator Grabs are a fishing tool used to catch and retrieve loose objects from within the well bore. The Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Alligator Grab is run in the permanently closed position and is flow activated to the open grab position by circu-lating fluid and creating a pressure differential at the tool.

Please note Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Alligator Grabs are not designed to withstand heavy jarring oper-ations in the event that the jaws have gripped onto any firmly stuck ‘fish’.

Coiled Tubing Flow Activated Alligator Grabs should always be run in conjunction with a Sequencing Tool.

22

Downhole ToolsCommonly Used CT Threads Recognition

Commonly Used CT Threads Recognition1.7 - 10 Stub Acme

Size A B C D E F G

1.7-10 1.00” 1.749” 1.440” 1.260” 0.120” 0.130” 1.500”

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Stub Acme

SizeA

(max)B C D E F G H I

1.5-10 .937” 1.336” 2.850” 1.668” 1.175” 0.15” 1.340” 1.686” 2.810”

1.812-10 1.25” 1.682” 2.850” 1.668” 1.195” 0.15” 1.687” 1.686” 2.880

2.062-10 1.500” 1.91” 2.850” 1.660” 1.195” 0.15” 1.914” 1.686” 2.880”

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Ammt with O’ring Groove

SizeA

(max)B C D E F G H

1.00” .63” 1.56” 1.75” 1.50” .44” 1.301” 2.13” 2.00”

1.50” 1.00” 2.00” 2.25” 2.00” .44” 1.688” 2.63” 2.50”

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23

Downhole ToolsCommonly Used CT Threads Recognition

1 1/4” Ammt

SizeA

(max)B C D E F G H I

1 1/4” 3/4” 1.421” 2.00” 1 5/8” 1 3/4” 1.489” .44” 2 1/2” 2.00”

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A.P.I. Regular with O’Ring Groove

SizeA

(max)B C D E F G H

2 3/8” 1.25” 1.639” 3.015” 3.00” 3.13” 4.250” 1.69” 2.678”

PAC

SizeA

(max)B C D E F G

H (min)

2 3/8” 1 3/8” 1 55/66” 2 1/4” .25” 2.362” 2 13/32” 3.00” 2 1/2”

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24

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Injectors - Literature

Injectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Current “5 Series” Injectors .......................................................... 1Previous Injector Data ................................................................. 11Tubing Tensioning System........................................................... 12Schematic..................................................................................... 14

Reels - Literature

Reels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Standard Reel Specifications (Hydra Rig).................................... 16Drop-in-Drum Reels ..................................................................... 17Schematics................................................................................... 20Reel Capacity Calculation ............................................................ 21Shipping Spools ........................................................................... 22

Power Packs - Literature

Power Packs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Power Pack Hydraulic Schematics............................................... 25

Control Cabins - Literature

Control Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Schematics................................................................................... 30

Hydraulics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Hoses ........................................................................................... 35Common Hydraulic Symbols ........................................................ 38Hydraulic Components ................................................................. 39Fluid Power Principals.................................................................. 42Hydraulic Pumps .......................................................................... 43Control Valves .............................................................................. 49Troubleshooting Procedures ........................................................ 57Glossary ....................................................................................... 62

Trailer mounted 1-1/2” coiled tubing unit, 14,000 ft.reel capacity, 40,000 lb. pull injector. Configuredwith tractor driven power unit for reduced weight.

Truck mounted 1-1/4” coiled tubing unit, 20,000 ft.reel capacity, 40,000 lb. pull injector. Mounted on a6 x 6 chassis for rough terrain mobility.

Complete Control

The operators’ control console providescomplete monitoring and control of thesystem. Functional, simplistic layoutcombined with enhanced hydrauliccomponent controls provides superior on-site performance and reduces operatorfatigue.

Rugged Injectors

Years of experience throughout the coiledtubing industry have resulted in injectordesigns that are the most advanced on themarket today. Models range from 20,000lbs. to 200,000 lbs. maximum pull, andtubing sizes from 1” through 5-1/2”. Withover 500 injectors in operation around theworld, our injectors have met the challengein the most demanding applications.

Proven Performance

Engineering excellence achieved throughthe manufacturing of over 450 coiled tubingsystems has put Hydra Rig at the leadingedge of coiled tubing technology. Withunits in operation around the world, ourequipment is meeting the demand in someof the toughest environments on earth.

Design Versatility

Designed to the customers’ specificrequirements for depth, tubing size andenvironmental conditions. Standardconfigurations include trailer, truck and skidmounted systems for both inland andoffshore operation. Control Cabin optionsoffer flexibility in size, telescoping modelsincrease visibility and combination powerpack/control cabin skid units reduceoffshore lifts. Reel capacities up to 25,000ft. are available. Power Packs aredesigned for easy rig up and maintenance,with optional hydraulic packages availablefor multispeed injector control. Auxiliarycomponents such as offshore injectorskids, multi port hose reels and electronicmonitoring systems are offered to meetspecial requirements.

Offshore 1-3/4” coiled tubing unit, North Sea certified,20,000 feet reel capacity, 60,000 lbs. pull injector.

Trailer mounted 2” coiled tubing unit, recessed reeldesign, 14,000 feet reel capacity, 60,000 lbs. pullinjector.

COILED TUBING SYSTEMS

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3-Skid design 1-1/2” coiled tubing unit, forcombination land or offshore use, shown mountedon trailer with crane.

Service

Twenty four hours a day, 365 days a year,our personnel are committed to providingyou with the technical assistance, partsand information necessary to start youroperation successfully and keep it thatway. Our experienced service team isdedicated to keeping your units in thefield, on the job, year after year.

Trailer mounted 1-1/2” coiled tubing unit withinjector handling mast, 17,500 ft. reel capacity,60,000 lb. pull injector, enclosed and winterizedfor operation in arctic conditions.

North Sea Certification

North Sea and BP200 certification isavailable on all coiled tubing equipment.Designed especially for the demandingconditions required of equipmentoperating in the North Sea, these unitsassure you the highest level of safety anddependability available today.

Offshore 1-1/4” coiled tubing unit, 21,000 ft. reelcapacity, 60,000 lb. pull injector with 72” radiusgooseneck.

Truck mounted 1-1/4” coiled tubing unit withtelescoping hydra lift for fast rig up.

The Choice

From the North Sea to the North slopeof Alaska, in the Persian Gulf or the Gulfof Mexico, Hydra Rig coiled tubing unitshave consistently built a reputationamong coiled tubing operators to be thesmoothest operating, most powerful, anddependable units ever built. Highmobility, fast rig up time, lowmaintenance, and most importantlysuperior unit control, increases its valueevery time it is deployed.

COILED TUBING SYSTEMS

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Coiled tubing drilling (CTD) is thecutting edge technology of today’sexpanding coiled tubing market.

Tuboscope’s Coiled Tubing DrillingProducts Group was created to guideits coiled tubing drilling effort. Theparticipating Tuboscope divisionsinclude Hydra Rig, the world’s leadingprovider of coiled tubing equipmentand nitrogen pumping systems, TexasOil Tools (TOT), Brandt, SSRInternational, Pressure ControlEngineering (PCE), Tulsa EquipmentManufacturing (TEM), and CoiledTubing Engineering Services (CTES).

Unique elevated reel design reduces tubing fatiguecycle by 2/3. HR 480 injector is used for 3-1/4” ODtubing.

Portable coiled tubing drilling substructure has a built-in 170,000 lb. pull rig - assist snubbing unit forhandling casing up to 7-5/8” diameter.

Mast and substructure drilling unit utilizes theHR 5200 injector with 200,000 lbs. lifting capacity,and tubing sizes through 5-1/2” OD.

Purpose built drilling control trailer features 20 feetof control cabin space, as well as sound encloseddiesel hydraulic power unit for CTD rig operation.

Recessed reel design trailers maximize tubingcapacity for land CTD operations.

Our combined expertise andcomplementary products are broughttogether in the form of innovative and cost-effective solutions for even the mostdemanding applications. As the leadingsuppliers of coiled tubing equipment,pumping and separation equipment, andpressure control equipment for underbalanced drilling, our team covers thebroad range of products and servicesrequired for your complete drilling package.

COILED TUBING DRILLING UNITS

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Coiled Tubing EquipmentInjectors

1

Coiled Tubing Equipment

Injectors

Current “5 Series” Injectors

HR-560 Series

HR-560 Series CT Injector

Performance Data- 60,000 lb. continuous lifting capacity (see performance curves)- 26,000 lb. continuous snubbing capacity- 200 feet/min. maximum speed (minimum displacement)- 136 feet/min. maximum speed (maximum displacment)- 100 horsepower continuous (150 horsepower intermittent) with 100°F ambient

conditions- 1” through 2-3/8” tubing sizes- Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing- Superior slow speed control for drilling applications- Inches per minute smooth operating speed- 60,000 lb. lifting capacity through outer frame- 60,000 lb. lifting capacity from stripper

Drive System- Deep reduction, purpose built gear drive (patented)- Single hydraulic motor input (variable desplacement, bent axis piston motor)- Dual output drive shafts with integral sprockets- Hard plumbed counterbalance valves- The outer bearings of the dual drive shafts are grease lubricated


2

- Tubing odometer for maintenance and inspection requirements- Dual oil seals on gear drive output shafts for long and reliable service- Single spring applied / pressure released brake mounted between the hydraulic

drive motor and gear drive input padTraction System

Traction System

- Patented “Quick Connect” gripper system (1-3 seconds required to remove or install a gripper)

- Hardened and grooved single piece grippers- Elastomeric suspension system for grippers (patented)- “Sealed-for-life” chain bearings - reduced maintenance with no greasing of chain

bearings required- Purpose built and simplified diect down tension chain system- New (spray type) injetor chain lubricating system- Improved skate entrance design for smoother chain bearing entry into traction

systemGeneral Features

- Hub odometer mounted on gear drive output shaft for total footage indication- Minimum parts count for reduced maintenance- Narrow width for easier rig access - 52”- Dual hydraulic load cells standard- Forklift pockets for yard handling- Available certified for North Sea service


3

HR-560 Schematic

Weights (Basic)- 8,100 lbs. assembled weight with stripper mount and 72” gooseneck installed- 808 lbs. gooseneck weight- 3 lbs. approximate individual gripper weight

Options- 60”, 72” & 100” radius tubing guides- Injection counter- Fold down walkways- Electronic or combination of electronic/hydrualic load cells- Fall protection device


4

HR-560 Injector - Minimum Displacement

HR-560 Injector - Full Displacement


5

HR-580 Series


Performance Data- 80,000 lb. continuous lifting capacity (see performance curves)- 40,000 lb. continuous snubbing capacity- 150 feet/min. maximum speed (minimum displacement)- 108 feet/min. maximum speed (maximum displacment, 120GPM)- 100 horsepower continuous (150 horsepower intermittent) with 100°F ambient

conditions- 1-1/2” through 3-1/2” tubing sizes- Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing- Superior slow speed control for drilling applications- Inches per minute smooth operating speed- 80,000 lb. lifting capacity through outer frame- 80,000 lb. lifting capacity from stripper

Drive System- Deep reduction, purpose built gear drive (patented)- Single hydraulic motor input (variable desplacement, bent axis piston motor)- Dual output drive shafts with integral sprockets- Hard plumbed counterbalance valves- The outer bearings of the dual drive shafts are grease lubricated- Tubing odometer for maintenance and inspection requirements- Dual oil seals on gear drive output shafts for long and reliable service


6

- Single spring applied / pressure released brake mounted between the hydraulic drive motor and gear drive input pad

Traction System

Traction System







7

HR-580 Schematic - 72” Tubing Guide

Weights (Basic)- 11,500 lbs. assembled weight with 72” gooseneck installed with no stripper mount- 850 lbs. estimated 72” gooseneck weight- 6 lbs. approximate individual gripper weight

Options- 60”, 72”, 100”, 120” & 140” radius tubing guides- Injector counter- Fold down walkways- Elecronic or combination of electronic / hydraulic load cells- Fall protection device


8

HR-580 Injector - Minimum Displacement

HR-580 Injector - Full Displacement


9

HR-5100 Series


Performance Data- 100,000 lb. continuous lifting capacity (see performance curves)- 50,000 lb. continuous snubbing capacity- 140 feet/min. maximum speed (minimum displacement)- 95 feet/min. maximum speed (maximum displacment)- 200 horsepower continuous (250 horsepower intermittent) with 100°F ambient

conditions- 1-1/2” through 3-1/2” tubing sizes- Capable of running new 120,000 psi tubing- Superior slow speed control for drilling applications- Inches per minute smooth operating speed- 100,000 lb. lifting capacity through outer frame- 100,000 lb. lifting capacity from stripper

Drive System- Deep reduction, purpose built gear drive (patented)- Single hydraulic motor input (variable desplacement, bent axis piston motor)- Dual output drive shafts with integral sprockets- Hard plumbed counterbalance valves- The outer bearings of the dual drive shafts are grease lubricated- Tubing odometer for maintenance and inspection requirements- Dual oil seals on gear drive output shafts for long and reliable service


10

- Single spring applied / pressure released brake mounted between the hydraulic drive motor and gear drive input pad

Traction System

Traction System






Coiled Tubing Equipm

entInjectors

11

Previous Injector Data

INJECTOR SERIES

* HR-125 * HR-150 * HR-240 * HR-260 HR-420 HR-440 HR-480 HR-5100 HR-5200

Hydraulic Motor Series

H-25 Poclain Motors

H-30 Poclain Motors

H-25 Poclain Motors

H-30 Poclain Motors

MS082 Poclain Motors

MS-50 Poclain Motors

MS-50 Poclain Motors

Rexroth AA6VM250

Rexroth AA6VM250

Hydraulic Motor Disp.

Large Disp. 381 cu.in.

Small Disp. 190.5 cu.in.

Large Disp. 599.6 cu.in. Small Disp. 299.8 cu.in.


Small Disp. 190.5 cu.in.

Large Disp. 599.6 cu.in. Small Disp. 299.8 cu.in.

Disp. 114 cu.in.


Small Disp. 304 cu.in.

Large Disp. 1216 cu.in. Small Disp. 608 cu.in.

Variable to 250 cc

Variable to 500 cc

Drive System Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Direct Gearbox W/66:1 Ratio

Gearbox W/88:1 Ratio

Chain Pitch Available

140 & 160 160 & 180 140 & 160 160 & 180 140 180 200 200 240

Maximum Rated Pull

32,000 lbs 42,000 lbs 40,000 lbs 60,000 lbs 18,000 lbs 60,000 lbs 100,000 lbs 100,000 lbs 200,000 lbs

Maximum Snub Capacity

10,000 lbs 10,000 lbs 15,000 lbs 15,000 lbs 5000 lbs 20,000 lbs 40,000 lbs 60,000 lbs 60,000 lbs

Tubing Size Capability

1" - 1-3/4" 1" - 2-3/8" 1" - 1-3/4" 1" - 2-3/8" 1" - 1-1/2" 1" - 2-3/8" 1-1/4" - 3-1/2" 1-1/4" - 3-1/2" 2" - 5-1/2"

Approx. Weight w/Gooseneck

7,500 lbs 10,000 lbs 8,000 lbs 11,000 lbs 3,600 lbs 7,200 lbs 13,500 lbs

Dimensions L-61", H-93", W-59"

L-78", H-103", W-70"

L-61", H-95", W-59"

L-76", H-102", W-72"

L-40", H-60", W-32"

L-55", H-80", W-52"

L-64", H-109", W-60"

L-73", H-121", W-53"

L-86", H-165", W-51"

* No longer in production.


12

Tubing Tensioning SystemHyrda Rig has two types of tensioning systems; Type "R" (Roller) and the Type "S" (Skate) for their injectors.

Common Features

- 240 and 260 series are retrofitable to either "S" or "R" design.- Three independent traction cylinder sets for safety.- Free floating, centering design to reduce wear on tubing and injector.- Traction shaft carrier wear inserts, to reduce critical component wear points and

injector clatter.Type "R" (Roller)

- Traction rollers contained in tensioning carrier assembly.- Chain is flat back.

Type "S" (Skate)- Traction rollers contained in chain assembly.- Flat bar (Skate) contained in tensioning carrier assembly.

Specifications

Grip Length for 240 Series- Type "S" - 42", 24 rollers sets in contact.- Type "R" - 38 ¾", 21 roller sets in contact.

Grip Length for 260 Series- Type "S" - 42", 19 rollers sets in contact.- Type "R" - 38 ¾", 21 roller sets in contact.

Chain- 240 "R" and 260 "R" - ANSI 160 STD Triple Strand- 240 "S" - ANSI 140 STD Triple Strand- 260 "S" - ANSI 180 STD Triple Strand


13

Tensioning System Bearings"S" Type• L17 cam roller, roller bearing - 140 Chain• L14 cam roller, needle bearing - 140 Chain• 221 cam roller, needle bearing - 180 Chain

"R" Type• DSF 241 double cam roller type needle bearing - Non Chain related.

Gripper Blocks Contact Areas240 Series• 240 "S": 1.25" - 2.37 sq. in., 1.5" 2.8 sq. in.• 240 "R": 1.25" - 2.15 sq. in., 1.5" 2.74 sq. in.

260 Series• 260 "S": 1.5" - 3.95 sq. in.• 260 "R": 1.5" - 2.74 sq. in.

Tensioning Assemblies


Schematic

Typical Hydraulic Injector

14

Our reels are designed to optimize tubingcapacity in the smallest possible envelopedimensions. With today’s demands forlonger, heavier, larger diameter tubing, afull range of reels are supplied and built tofit your applications. Features that includechain or direct drive, clear through boreswivels designed specifically for coiledtubing use, and hinged to open countersmake our reels the preference ofexperienced operators.

Our unique “dished” end drum designprovides maximum drum width, and allowssafe, convenient access to the reel’sinternal plumbing. All models are wirelineadaptable, and many models are availablefor 15,000 psi service for high-pressureapplications. Skid mounted models areavailable with North Sea certification.

Model 6110 spoolingfoundation is designedto handle shippingspools up to 192” OD,tubing sizes up to 3-1/2” diameter.

Trailer mountedreels featurerecessed drumdesign tomaximize tubingcapacity withinroadregulations.

Oversized reel trailers available for service inunrestricted remote areas. Unit shown handles8,000 ft. of 3-1/2” diameter tubing.

COILED TUBING REELS

Model 3015 reel holds15,000 ft. of 1-3/4”tubing. Unit shownwith 4 point liftingframe and dual inletvalves.

Model 2015 reelholds 15,000 ft. of1-1/2” tubing. Unitshown has 2 pointlifting bail and onboard lube tank fortubing inhibitorapplication.

Model 1015 holds15,000 ft. of 1-1/4”tubing. Unit shown isfor truck mountedapplication, with 2point lifting bail andnylon strap transportdrum tie-downs.

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Coiled Tubing EquipmentReels

15

Reels

Typical Reel Configuration


16

Standard Reel Specifications (Hydra Rig)

Identifying HydraRig Reel Models

Hydra Rig Reel Models*

1015 2015 3015 3020 4122Diameter (in)Core 60 76 84 84 96Flange 100 119 135 148 168Drum Width 60 70 70 70 82Gross Lift Capacity (lbs)

30,000 48,000 68,000 68,000 115,000 Tubing Capacity (ft)1.25" 15,000 22,500 25,000 25,000 25,000 1.50" 10,000 15,100 22,000 25,000 25,000 1.75" - 11,200 15,000 20,000 25,000 2.00" - 8,500 11,000 15,000 22,000 2.38" - - - - 15,000 2.88" - - - - - 3.50" - - - - - DimensionsWeight 7,000 12,000 13,500 14,000 21,000 Length 118 148 164 177 194Width 95 98 98 98 112Height 102 122 138 151 171Working Pressure (psi)Standard 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Working Pressure (psi)Optional - 15,000 15,000 15,000 -


17

Drop-in-Drum Reels


18

D2000 Drop-In Reel Summary

Weight: 11,000 lbs (without spool)16 RPM Max (300 FPM on 72” core)11,500 ft. lbs (2,300 lbs @ 120” O.D.)


19

D3000 Drop-In Reel Summary Sheet

Weight: 11,000 lbs (without spool)16 RPM Max (300 FPM on 72” core)11,500 ft. lbs (2,300 lbs @ 120” O.D.)


20

Schematics

Typical Cross-section of a Hydra Rig “Clear-through Bore” Circulatory Swivel

Typical Reel Hydraulic Schematic


21

Reel Capacity Calculation

Use the following equations to determine pipe capacities for common reel sizes.

NOTE 1: N & M must be rounded down to an integer number.NOTE 2: L is in the same units as A, B, C, D and E


22

Shipping Spools

Reel Capacity for Coiled Tubing

Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (English)

Standard Shipping Spool Tubing Capacity (Metric)

Spool Measurements (in)

D = 1.00” 1.25” 1.50” 1.75” 2.00” 2.375” 2.875” 3.50”E = 2.0” 2.0” 2.0” 2.75” 3.0” 3.5” 4.0” 4.5”

ReelOD

Flange Height

Core Dia.

Flange Width

A B C Reel Capacities in Feet90 21.0 48 48 15,997 9,961 6,635112 20.0 72 60 25,447 15,746 11,310 7,030 5,529 3,387 116 22.0 72 60 28,903 18,498 12,456 8,935 6,362 4,060 120 24.0 72 60 32,484 19,921 13,635 9,934 7,226 4,765 124 26.0 72 60 36,191 22,861 16,085 10,964 8,121 5,500 128 28.0 72 60 40,024 24,379 17,357 12,025 9,048 6,267 135 26.5 82 65 43,291 27,353 19,093 13,191 9,584 6,576 140 29.0 82 65 50,081 30,947 22,087 15,729 11,762 7,475 142 30.0 82 65 52,412 32,795 22,087 15,729 11,762 8,407 154 31.0 92 65 59,713 37,808 25,774 18,598 14,074 9,185 6,110 154 28.0 98 65 54,863 33,489 23,635 16,612 12,265 8,606 5,575 160 24.0 112 79 60,971 37,362 25,348 18,802 13,477 9,054 5,482 3,729 180 34.0 112 89 107,367 66,567 46,547 31,544 24,536 16,332 11,054 7,330 180 25.0 130 89 81,993 51,023 35,333 23,719 19,260 13,197 8,254 4,827

Spool Measurements (m)

D (mm) 25.4 31.75 38.1 44.45 50.8 60.325 73.025 88.9 E (mm) 50.8 50.8 50.8 69.85 76.2 88.9 101.6 114.3

Reel OD

Flange Height

Core Dia.

Flange Width

A B C Reel Capacities in Meters2.29 0.533 1.219 1.219 4,876 3,036 2,022 2.84 0.508 1.829 1.524 7,756 4,799 3,447 2,143 1,685 1,032 2.95 0.559 1.829 1.524 8,810 5,638 3,797 2,723 1,939 1,238 3.05 0.610 1.829 1.524 9,901 6,072 4,156 3,028 2,202 1,452 3.15 0.660 1.829 1.524 11,031 6,968 4,903 3,342 2,475 1,676 3.25 0.711 1.829 1.524 12,199 7,431 5,291 3,665 2,758 1,910 3.43 0.673 2.083 1.651 13,195 8,337 5,819 4,021 2,921 2,004 3.56 0.737 2.083 1.651 15,265 9,433 6,732 4,794 3,585 2,278 3.61 0.762 2.083 1.651 15,975 9,996 6,732 4,794 3,585 2,563 3.91 0.787 2.337 1.651 18,200 11,524 7,856 5,669 4,290 2,800 1,862 3.91 0.711 2.489 1.651 16,722 10,208 7,204 5,063 3,738 2,623 1,699 4.06 0.610 2.845 2.007 18,584 11,388 7,726 5,731 4,108 2,760 1,671 1,1374.57 0.864 2.845 2.261 32,725 20,290 14,188 9,614 7,479 4,978 3,369 2,2344.57 0.635 3.302 2.261 24,992 15,552 10,770 7,230 5,870 4,022 2,516 1,471

Model 501 cabinfeatures largeinterior floorplan and multiport poweredhose reels forfast rig up/rigdown.

Model 401 cabinis ideally suitedfor land trailer orbarge operation.

Model 301 cabinoffersintermediatecabin space andon board hosebundle storage.

Model 201 cabinis designed foroffshore operationwith limitedplatform space.

“L” shapedcontrol panelconfigurationprovidessuperior controlandmonitoringaccess.

COILED TUBING CABINS AND POWER UNITS

Rounding out the complete coiledtubing package, cabins and powerunits are available in a number ofstandard configurations such as theones illustrated here. Each cabindesign can be completed with optionalfeatures to suit the operators’ fieldconditions. Power units are availablewith hydraulic packages for open loop,closed loop, and high-pressure openloop configurations. While dieseldriven units are normal, electric drivenunits are also available, as well as unitsthat are North Sea certified, and soundenclosed.

Combinationcabin / powerpack designstores all unithoses andreducesoffshorefootprint.

Standarddiesel drivenskid mountedpower unit withopen loophydraulicsystem.

North Seacertified dieseldriven powerunit with high-pressurehydraulicsystem.

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Coiled Tubing EquipmentPower Packs

23

Power Packs

Typical Power Pack Assembly


24

Hydra Rig offers the following types of CT power packs:

• Standard Open Loop Power Pack• High Pressure Open Loop Power Pack • Closed Loop Power Pack

The various hydraulic circuits and their respective flow rates and pressures are shown in the following table. Power packs found in the field may differ due to various customer require-ments, upgrades as higher pressures and larger CT sizes evolved, and improvements over the years. Therefore, the flow rates and pressures shown in the following table may differ from those found on your CTU. The major difference lies in the injector drive circuits, conse-quently, Hydra Rig classifies their power packs according to the injector drive circuit being utilized. All values shown in the chart below are “typical”.

Circuits FunctionStandard

Open LoopHigh Pressure

Open LoopClosedLoop

Injector runs the injectordouble vane pump

30 : 60 gpm / 2000 psi, or40 : 60 gpm / 2000 psi, or

30: 70 gpm / 2000 psi120 gpm / 4600psi 120gpm / 4600psi

Flushflushes injector

(closed loop pumps only)

N/A N/A 12gpm / 3000psi

Reel runs the reel 27gpm / 2500psi 29gpm / 2500psi 27gpm / 2500psiLevelwind runs the levelwind 27gpm / 2500psi 29gpm / 2500psi 27gpm / 2500psiBOP runs the BOP 12gpm / 2700psi 14gpm / 2700psi 12gpm / 2600psi

Priority runs the controls in the control cabin 12gpm / 2100psi 14gpm / 2100psi 12gpm / 2800psi

Auxiliaryruns the powered hose reels, crane,

winch, etc.27gpm / 2500psi 29gpm / 2500psi 12gpm / 2800psi

Injector Drive CircuitStandard

Open LoopHigh Pressure Open

LoopClosed Loop

Max. Pressure (psi) 3,000 5,000 5,000

Injector Drive Pump Fixed displacement Double Vane Pump

Load Sensed, Variable Displacement, Pressure Compensating Piston

Pump

Bi-Directional, Variable Displacement, Pressure

Compensating Piston Pump

Possible Pump T6 Series (T6CC, T6CR) P16 P11

P14Flushing Circuit No No Yes4-Way Valve Yes No NoMunson Tison Valve (located in the cabin)

Ties into the4-way valve

Ties into the load sensed 4-way valve

Ties directlyinto the pump


entPow

er Packs

25

Po

we

r Pa

ck H

ydrau

lic Sch

em

atic

s

The following contains hydraulic schem

atics for various power packs for your quick review.

Each power pack and their respective hydraulic circuits (i.e., injector, reel, levelw

ind, priority, auxiliary, and BO

P) are presented in their respective chapters.

Stan

dard

Op

en L

oo

p

The standard open loop injector drive circuit utilizes a fixed displacement double vane pum

p and a 4-w

ay valve. The vane pump m

ay be a Denison T6 Series pum

p actually consisting of tw

o vane pumps. The valve is a pressure com

pensating directional control valve that controls the speed and direction of the injector m

otors.

The system is capable of operating at 3,000 PSI. The m

ain relief valve is also set at 3,000 PSI. In sim

ple terms, oil is taken from

the tank, through the pump and valves, and to the

injector motors. O

il returns through a filter and air cooler and finally back to the tank.

Typical Hydraulic Schem

atic - Standard Open Loop Pow

er Pack

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26

High Pressure Open Loop

The high pressure open loop injector drive circuit utilizes a load sensed, variable displace-ment, pressure compensated piston pump which may be a Denison P16 pump (16 inch3/revolution displacement). The system is capable of operating at 5,000 PSI. However, the main relief valve is set at 4,600 PSI.

In simple terms, oil is taken from the tank, through the pump and valves, and to the injector motors. The oil returns to the pump inlet (supercharging the pump) after passing through a filter and heat exchanger. A pressure relief valve in the return line ensures oil that is not required by the pump is routed back to the tank. This system does offer a couple of advan-tages over the closed loop system (even though this system is slightly more complicated). The high pressure open loop system generates less heat, and can be used to power jacking substructures / cylinders.

Typical Hydraulic Schematic - High Pressure Open Loop Power Pack


entPow

er Packs

27

Clo

se

d L

oo

p P

ow

er P

ac

k

The closed loop injector drive circuit utilizes a bi-directional, variable displacement pressure

compensated piston pum

p. This may be a D

enison P11 or P14 pump. The pum

p actually consists of three pum

ps: main pum

p, charge pump (charges the m

ain pump), and servo

pump (shifts the sw

ash plate).

The system is capable of operating at 5,000 PSI. The m

ain relief valve is set at 4,600 PSI. This system

is less complicated w

hen compared to the high pressure open loop system

. In sim

ple terms, oil is taken from

the tank through the pump and valves, and to the injector

motors. O

il returns through a filter and goes directly back to the pump inlet (not to the tank).

A charge pump and auxiliary flushing circuit are alw

ays present to replenish fluid that leaked from

the high pressure elements into the pum

p's case and to add cool oil into the low side of

the loop to stabilize the oil temperature.


atic - Closed Loop Pow

er Pack

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Model 501 cabinfeatures largeinterior floorplan and multiport poweredhose reels forfast rig up/rigdown.

Model 401 cabinis ideally suitedfor land trailer orbarge operation.

Model 301 cabinoffersintermediatecabin space andon board hosebundle storage.

Model 201 cabinis designed foroffshore operationwith limitedplatform space.

“L” shapedcontrol panelconfigurationprovidessuperior controlandmonitoringaccess.

COILED TUBING CABINS AND POWER UNITS

Rounding out the complete coiledtubing package, cabins and powerunits are available in a number ofstandard configurations such as theones illustrated here. Each cabindesign can be completed with optionalfeatures to suit the operators’ fieldconditions. Power units are availablewith hydraulic packages for open loop,closed loop, and high-pressure openloop configurations. While dieseldriven units are normal, electric drivenunits are also available, as well as unitsthat are North Sea certified, and soundenclosed.

Combinationcabin / powerpack designstores all unithoses andreducesoffshorefootprint.

Standarddiesel drivenskid mountedpower unit withopen loophydraulicsystem.

North Seacertified dieseldriven powerunit with high-pressurehydraulicsystem.

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Coiled Tubing EquipmentControl Cabins

28

Control Cabins

Hydra Rig Control Cabin

Various models of control cabins are offered by Hydra Rig (i.e., 201, 301, 401, and 501) as shown in the following illustrations. These are the standards from which customers use and change (if desired) to meet their specific needs. Hoses are stored in front of the cabin using either a multiport hose reel or posts. Telescoping cabins that raise up and down are optional. Large, roomy cabins with plenty of seating and desk space are also available.

Coiled Tubing EquipmentControl Cabins

29

HR Model 201 HR Model 401

HR Model 301 HR Model 501


entC

ontrol Cabins

30

Sch

ematics

Co

ntro

l Cab

in

Typical Upper & Low

er Control Panels

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entC

ontrol Cabins

31

Injector

Typical Upper & Low

er Control Panels


entC

ontrol Cabins

32

Strip

pe

r / Pac

ke

r

Typical Upper & Low

er Control Panels


entC

ontrol Cabins

33

Blow

Out Preventer

Typical Upper & Low

er Control Panels


entC

ontrol Cabins

34

Re

el &

Lev

elw

ind

Typical Upper & Low

er Control Panels

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entH

ydraulics

35

Hyd

raulics

Ho

sesThe draw

ing below show

s the general routing of the CTU

hoses. Please refer to the follow-

ing tables for standard hose numbers by com

ponent.

Coiled Tubing EquipmentHydraulics

36

Standard Hose Numbers by Component

Standard hose numbers stated by component are given below for a standard CTU. Please note, this is for informational purposes only. To determine the correct hose numbers for your coiled tubing unit, please refer to its respective Owner's Manual.

Tag # A/C and Heater Tag # Cranes

76 A/C Drain 60 Case Drain77 A/C Pressure 96 Return78 A/C Return 93 Winch Pressure114 Heater Supply115 Heater Return

Tag # Engine Tag # Pumps16 Oil Pressure 6 Priority17 Auxiliary Fuel --In 13 Injector Power --In18 Auxiliary Fuel --Out 14 Injector Power --Out19 Throttle 33 Reel Pressure20 Air Supply 75 Charge Pressure21 Emergency Kill 80 Auxiliary --Pressure22 Kill 81 Auxiliary --Return82 Remote Permissive Start 38 Main Return83 Remote Engine Start

Tag # BOP Tag # Hose Reel1 Blind Ram---Open 4 “A” Reel --Pressure2 Blind Ram---Close 15 “A” Reel --Return

26 Shear Ram--Open 100 “B” Reel --Return28 Shear Ram--Close

29 Slip Ram--Open30 Slip Ram--Close

27 Pipe Ram-- Open Tag # Power Swivel31 Pipe Ram--Close Not Shown Here

32 Wellhead Pressure

24 Stripper #1--Retract25 Stripper #1--Pack

36 BOP Pressure

57 BOP #5---Close58 BOP #5---Open

34 Auxiliary --Close35 Auxiliary--Open65 Inhibitor (Stripper)94 Stripper #2--Retract95 Stripper #2--Pack


37

Tag # Tubing Reel Tag # Injectors33 Tubing Reel - Pressure 3 Case Drain37 Tubing Levelwind Override - Pressure 5 Injector Chain lubricator39 Tubing Reel - Return 7 Injector Bottom Traction40 Tubing Reel - Brake 8 Injector Top Traction41 Tubing Reel - Circulating Pressure 9 Injector Middle Traction42 Tubing Reel - Levelwind Forward 11 Injector Emergency Brake43 Tubing Reel - Levelwind Reverse 12 Injector Direction Forward44 Reel Tension Control 13 Injector Power In Hole45 Reel Pay - Out 14 Injector Power Out Hole46 Reel Pay - In 23 Injector Pressure Adjust Pilot Hi47 Reel Pivot - Extend 50 Injector Direction - Reverse48 Reel Pivot - Retract 53 Injector Labe Supply61 Levelwind Return 54 Injector Brake62 Inhibitor Bleed 55 Injector Two-Speed63 Levelwind Supply 56 Chain Tension64 Inhibitor Reel - Internal 69 Injector Slow - Speed66 Reel Tubing Lubricator Supply 70 Injector Slow-Speed Return67 Tubing Lubrication 86 Injector Pump Press - Low Flow68 Tubing Reel Air Supply 91 Injector Pressure Adjust Pilot-low73 Tubing Reel Drum Brake 97 Injector Slow - Speed Pilot79 Reel Brake Vent directly to Tank 105 Injector Slow - Speed - Out84 Reel Brake Drain 106 Injector Slow - Speed - In85 Reel Case Drain 107 Auto Driller - Pilot87 Hydraulic Levelwind Drive Return 108 Auto Driller89 Levelwind - Lower 110 Injector Traction Bleed Pilot90 Levelwind - Raise 112 Pipe Straighter - Retract116 Spool Load 113 Pipe Straighter - Extend117 Spool Unload 49 Weight Indicator - Pipe Heavy51 Ext Reel Plug Valve Actr - Close 59 Weight Indicator - Pipe Light52 Ext Reel Plug Valve Actr - Open 101 Injector Tubing Guide Raise

102 Injector Tubing Guide Lower


38

Common Hydraulic Symbols

strainer or filter reservoir or tank reservoir - connecting lines above fluid level

reservoir - connecting lines below fluid level

pressure gauge temperature gaugeair cooler liquid cooler

quick disconnects(connected)

quick disconnects(disconnected)

lines crossing over each other (not

connected)lines connected

cylinder - single rod gas accumulator detent - two position mechanical actuator

push button actuator lever hydraulic pilot air pilot

solenoid switch - electrical make/break pump - fixed

displacementpump - variable displacement

pump - variable displacement, pressure

compensated

pump - bi-directional, variable displacement

pump - bi-directional, fixed displacement

compensatedpump - bi-directional,

variable pressure

hydraulic motor - fixed displacement

hydraulic motor - bi-directional variable

displacement

hydraulic motor - variable displacement

direction of rotation - clockwise viewing shaft

bi-directional of rotation spring adjustable spring open/close valve (2-way)

check valve variable relief valve - ex: R1E or Ful Flo

valveadjustable orifice - ex: needle valve

2 position valve

3 position valve

2-way valves (2 ports)



2 position, 2-way valve 2 position, 3-way valve 2 position, 4-way valve solenoid actuated valve

pressure relief valve - pressure to tank

pressure reducing valve

sequence valve - pressure sequences

another actionunloading valve - chk valve to isolate from system/external pilot

req’d

counterbalance valve


39

Hydraulic Components

In order to comprehend how hydraulic fluid power can be applied, a basic understanding of how it works and the components involved is necessary.

Hydraulic Oil

Although most brands of the same type of oil will mix without harm, the oil supplier should be consulted before doing so. The chemical additives (i.e., rust inhibitors, foam suppressants, and viscosity index impovers) may not be compatible. To be safe, only use new oil taken from original factory containers.

Did you know that oil never "wears out." However, it can become so contaminated that it is unfit for further use. Solids contaminating the oil can come from different places:

• Solids left in the equipment components when the system was constructed.• Solids generated within the system (normal wear of moving parts and packing

deterioration).• Solids produced by chemical action (overheating).• Solid contaminants most often enter the hydraulic system from the outside (such as dirt).

Dirt is one of the worst enemies of a hydraulic system. Dirt can enter a system through quick disconnects and tank vents. Dirt around a tank cap that is not wiped clean before checking the tank level can fall into the reservoir. All reasonable precautions should be taken to keep dirt from entering fluid lines and reservoirs. Even new oil may contain dirt, so pour it through a strainer using a clean funnel or hose. Never add used, old, or unknown oil to the system.

Viscosity is probably the most important characteristic of the hydraulic oil. Viscosity is a measurement of the resistance of the oil's molecules to flow past one another (something like the internal friction of the oil). Since oil viscosity changes with temperature, it is always expressed at a reference temperature, usually 100oF. As oil gets colder, it becomes more viscous (like honey). Cold weather damage usually comes from trying to run on oil which is so cold that the pump cannot draw it through the feed line to its inlet.

As oil gets hotter, its becomes less viscous. Most oils begin to breakdown at temperatures above 180°F. At this temperature or higher, the viscosity may become so low that lubrication of components may be inadequate, components like rubber seals and filter elements may deteriorate rapidly, and power loss becomes high. Oil life is shortened at high temperatures because many chemical reactions can occur such as oxidation (reaction with oxygen from the air), and reactions with minute quantities of acids which were not removed during the refining process or which formed from moisture condensing in the oil. The oil should never exceed 200°F.

The hydraulic industry treats all liquids (e.g., hydraulic oil and water) as non-compressible substances even though they are ever-so slightly compressible.

Hydraulic Reservoir

The main function of the reservoir in a hydraulic system is to store and supply hydraulic fluid for use by the system. A reservoir can also serve several secondary functions:

• By transferring waste heat through its walls, the reservoir acts as a heat exchanger that cools the fluids within.

• The reservoir allows entrained air to rise and escape performing the function of a deaerator.

• The reservoir acts like a fluid conditioner by allowing the solid contaminants to settle to the bottom of the tank.

A typical industrial reservoir is constructed of welded steel plates. The inside of the reser-voir is painted with a sealer that is compatible with the fluid being used to reduce the chance


40

of rusting caused by condensed moisture within the tank. A plug (usually magnetic) is placed at a low point on the tank allowing complete drainage.

Clean-out plates are usually installed on both ends of the tank. This is especially true of res-ervoirs sized above ten gallons. The plates are easily removed and large enough to provide complete access when the interior of the reservoir is being cleaned or painted.

Fluid returning to the reservoir is usually warmer than the fluid in the reservoir and probably contains air bubbles. Baffles are used to prevent the returning fluid from directly entering the pump inlet. A baffle plate is installed lengthwise through the center of the tank, forcing the fluid to move along the reservoir walls, where much of the heat is dissipated to the outer surfaces of the reservoir. This causes less turbulence which allows entrained air to escape and contaminants to settle to the bottom.

A vented breather cap is installed to accommodate the air exchange that results from the constant change of pressure and temperature within the tank. As the hydraulic cylinders extend and retract, air is taken in and expelled through this filter. Generally, the breather must be large enough to handle the airflow required to maintain atmospheric pressure, whether the tank is empty or full (the higher the flow rate, the larger the breather). On a pressurized reservoir, the breather is replaced by an air valve that regulates the tank pres-sure between preset limits. An oil bath air filter is sometimes used in atmospheres that are exceptionally dirty.

The filler opening is often part of the breather assembly. The opening has a removable screen that keeps contaminants out of the tank when fluid is being added to the reservoir. A cap that will provide a tight seal should be chained to the reservoir. Another type of filler opening is a quick-disconnect fitting screwed into a pipe that extends within a few inches of the bottom of the tank.

Reservoir Oil Level

The oil level is checked using either a sight glass or two small transparent portholes installed in the clean-out plates. This allows someone to check the upper and lower fluid levels with-out exposing the oil to contamination that can occur when using a dipstick.

Proper oil level in a hydraulic reservoir is essential for proper operation. The oil level should be maintained 2" from the top of the tank. A low oil level will allow excessive condensation. A high oil level will result in oil spillage due to expansion of hot oil.

Always open the access lid on the tank when filling the tank. The sight glass is not a very reliable source of level indication when filling a tank.

Draining Water from the Hydraulic Reservoir

Every unit supplied by Hydra Rig has a bottom drain that provides two functions.

1. Drain hydraulic oil from the tank when changing oil.2. Drain water from the tank daily.

The proper procedure for removing water is to crack the drain valve open maybe ¼ turn and let the water flow out of the tank. Opening the valve too much will give a false indication and may allow only oil to be removed. If the valve is opened correctly, only water will come out. When the water stops coming out, open the valve a little more and a mixture of water and oil will appear. Continue this process until only oil is removed.

Caution: When the hydraulic circuit includes a crane system make certainthe crane is in the proper stowed or transport position prior to filling thehydraulic reservoir. If the oil contained in the extended cylinders is returnedto a full reservoir, extensive oil spillage will result and / or severe damage tothe hydraulic reservoir. The most common mistake is filling a tank to capacitywhen the accumulators are charged with oil. When the accumulators areemptied, the tank will overflow.


41

This should be done every day, even if the unit is not in service. If the unit is running, it is not possible to drain the water because it is mixed together with the hydraulic oil. The best time to drain the water is every morning before starting the unit. Removal of the water will increase the life of all hydraulic components.

Strainers and Filters

Solid contamination can be removed with suitable filters. Some people can detect grit by feeling of an oil sample. But if grit can be detected in this way, the oil is already highly con-taminated--determine the cause and rectify the problem.

There is no clear distinction between a strainer and a filter. A strainer is usually considered to be a coarse filter (filtering larger particles) that can be cleaned and then re-used. Strain-ers are generally placed inside the hydraulic tank. A filter is much finer. Consequently, a fil-ter element cannot be cleaned and reused--it must be replaced. As a rule-of-thumb, any filter with a rating coarser than 40 micro-metre may be called a strainer (25 micro-metres = 0.001 inch). Don't forget, small particles may not be picked up on their first pass through the filter (even within a fine filter) but may circulate many times before being caught.

It's good practice to filter the hydraulic oil while it is being added to the system. There are many commercial filtration systems available on the market. Progressive filtration systems are the best. The typical progressive system filters the oil to 50 micron, then to 30 micron, and finally 10 micron. It is also good practice to recirculate the oil through this progressive filter system at pre-established maintenance intervals.

Hydraulic Hoses

If ordering a hose, be sure and order a "hydraulic grade" hose. A hose is measured and specified by its inside diameter. Its outside diameter will vary according to the number of layers of wire braid and rubber which must be used to obtain the pressure rating. Hose life is good but all rubber slowly deteriorates from contact with various substances such as sol-vents, water, ozone, and exposure to sunlight and heat. Hoses are not as permanent as metal plumbing and should be replaced every few years.

Hydraulic Piping and Fittings

Pipe ratings for hydraulic pipe and tubing are rated schedule 40, 80, and 160.

Pipe fittings are a very important element of a hydraulic system. The first step to plumbing a system is to minimize the pressure drops by ensuring the proper size fittings are included. Every 90° turn adds a pressure drop. If designing a system, spend the time required to lay-out flow paths and minimize restrictions.

There are various fitting threads available:

• 37° JIC (straight thread)• SAE (straight thread backed-up by an O-ring seal)• NPT (pipe thread which is a tapered thread and seal)

Most systems are plumbed with JIC or SAE fittings. JIC is the thread of choice when using hoses. JIC fittings provide a metal-to-metal seal and the most popular for all applications.

SAE fittings are more common than NPT fittings. SAE threads are backed-up by an O-ring seal. Straight threads are susceptible to loosening on their own when subjected to high vibration.

NPT fittings have a "tapered" seal and threads. The tapered threads can add to distortion in valve bodies and other distortion-sensitive devices if overtightened. NPT threads will not accept SAE threads and vice versa.


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Fluid Power Principals

How Fluid Power Works

The input source of power for a fluid system is always mechanical (engine) or electrical (electric motor). The mechanical or electrical power is converted into an equivalent amount (less pump leakage and internal friction) of fluid power by means of an a hydraulic pump.

After conversion to fluid power, suitable valving is added to control the direction of flow, reg-ulate the rate of flow, and limit the maximum pressure. The fluid power is then converted back to mechanical power by means of an actuator (hydraulic motor or cylinder).

The whole arrangement is called a fluid power circuit or fluid power system.

Advantages of Fluid Power

• Ease and accuracy of control• Multiplication of force• Constant force or torque• Simplicity, safety, and economy• Instantly reversible motion• Practically no danger from overloading• Space savings

Work / Energy

Work can best be defined as a force exerted over a certain distance. Work is usually expressed in units of foot-pounds or inch-pounds.

work (foot-pounds) = force (pounds) x distance (feet)

Energy is the capacity to do work and is expressed in the same units as work. You may be familiar with three forms of energy: potential, kinetic, and heat.

When a 500-pound weight is raised and stops at a predetermined height, it has potential energy--it is capable (has the potential) of doing work when it is lowered.

Kinetic energy is the energy that a substance has by virtue of its weight and velocity. A body in motion has kinetic energy--it is also capable of doing work.

Energy that we lose to friction is transformed into heat energy.

Heat Energy

Heat is actually a form of energy. Used in a productive manner, heat can change liquid nitro-gen into a gaseous phase. Can you think of an example when heat is not used in a produc-tive manner? How about when hydraulic oil gets hot. Whenever oil goes from a higher pressure to a lower pressure without doing mechanical work, heat is created. Actually, the

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Control Valves

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Flow Control Valves

Actuator

engine piston 2-way relief counter-balance needle hydraulic

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gear 4-way pressure reducing flow divider

dumpsequence


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kinetic energy is converted into heat energy. Examples would be oil flowing over a relief valve, oil flowing through an orifice, internal slippage in a pump, and flow resistance in plumbing. This heat is added to the oil and a large part dissipated in the reservoir or through a heat exchanger.

When fluid changes direction in a pipe, a certain amount of kinetic energy is again changed into heat energy. Consequently, power is lost when fluid either changes direction or when heat is created and not used in a productive manner.

As a side note, the heat generated by oil flowing across a relief valve over a period of time can be calculated with the following formula.

Heat (BTU / hr) = pressure (psi across relief) x flow rate (gpm discharge) x 1.4848

Power

Power, or horsepower, expresses the rate at which work is performed. The amount of power (horsepower) transmitted through the fluid will depend on how fast the actuator (hydraulic motor) moves. The faster the rate, the greater the horsepower.

power = work / time = (force x distance) / time

Power flows through a pipe only when the fluid is moving and when it is under pressure. Unless both conditions exist, no power is being transferred. If the fluid is under pressure but is not moving, only force is being transmitted (no matter how much pressure is showing on the gauge) and the power flow is zero. When the fluid starts to move, power and force are being transmitted.

force = pressure x area "or" pressure = force / area

area of a circle = 3.1416 x (radius)2 = 0.7854 x (diameter)2

A pressure gauge is the usually used to determine the pressure in the formula above.

Origin and Definition of "Horsepower"

Did you know that 1 horsepower is equivalent to a 150 pound weight raised a distance of 220-ft in one minute?

The use of "horsepower" as a unit of measurement has been around since 1879. Its origin is credited to the Scotsman, James Watt. He invented the first steam engine that could turn wheels. In those days, horses were used to raise water from the mines. In order to promote the use of the steam engine, Mr. Watt had to tell the mine owners how many horses could be replaced with the engine. He estimated that a very strong horse working at a steady aver-age rate could lift a 150 pound load to a height of 220 feet in one minute's working time. Thus, he defined a horsepower as 220-ft x 150-lb = 33,000 foot-pounds of work per minute (or 550 foot-pounds per second). As it turned out, this estimate was higher than the average horse could produce but the definition has continued up to the present time.

Hydraulic Pumps

A pump is a device for changing mechanical power from the prime mover (engine or electric motor) into the same amount of fluid power, less friction and flow loss in the pump itself.

hydraulic horsepower = (psi x gpm) / 1714

The friction and flow loss are not taken into account in the above equation. This is usually done by expressing a certain pump efficiency (e.g., 85% efficiency). The flow output of a pump is directly proportional to shaft speed of the prime mover. If speed is increased by 50%, the flow output will increase by approximately the same amount.

A pump's primary purpose is to produce flow, not pressure.


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A pump can produce its rated flow at zero pressure and still fulfill its primary purpose. The pump produces pressure only as a secondary function and only when a load or restriction is placed against its flow--like blocking the end of a water hose. The pump will build up only enough pressure to maintain its flow against the flow resistance. Therefore, pressure read on a pressure gauge at the pump will be exactly proportional to the resistance which the pump is working against.

Positive Displacement Pumps

A positive displacement pump is any kind of pump in which the internal working elements make such a close fit together that there is very little leakage or slippage between them. These include:

- piston pumps- vane pumps - gear pumps.

There are many variations of each but we will limit our discussion to the types of pumps commonly used by Hydra Rig. Please note, centrifugal pumps are NOT positive displace-ment pumps.

Various pump features available on today's market are shown below.

- fixed displacement- fixed displacement, bi-directional- variable displacement- variable displacement, bi-directional- variable displacement, pressure compensated- variable displacement, pressure compensated, load sensed (used on the Hydra Rig

high pressure open loop injector drive circuit such as a Denison P-16 pump)- variable displacement, bi-directional, pressure compensated (used on the Hydra Rig

closed loop injector drive circuit such as a Denison P-14 pump.

A circle is the basic symbol for all pumps, both air and hydraulic. The triangle points toward the pump outlet because fluid is flowing out of the pump (on a motor it points toward the cir-cle center). A solid triangle indicates a hydraulic pump while an open center triangle indi-cates an air compressor. Two solid triangles pointing in opposite directions indicate a bi-directional pump (flow in the reverse direction is possible). A long slanted arrow drawn through the circle indicates a variable displacement pump. A small arrow pointing toward the pump outlet indicates a pressure compensated pump.

Various Types of Pumps Used by Hydra Rig

pump pump pumpfixed displacement variable displacement variable displacement

pressure compensated pressure compensatedbi-directional

The reel, levelwind, priority, auxiliary, & BOP circuits all utilize a fixed displacement

vane pump.

The reel, levelwind, priority, auxiliary, & BOP circuits can

utilize a variable displacement, pressure compensated piston

pump.Standard Open LoopInjector Drive Circuit(double pump vane)

High Pressure Open LoopInjector Drive Circuit

(piston pump)

Closed LoopInjector Drive Circuit

(piston pump)


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Piston Pumps

The purpose of a positive displacement pump is to produce a flow of liquid. If this flow is deadheaded (plugged), the pump will continue to produce a flow and pressure will continue to rise. The pressure in the flow line will increase until something breaks (line, valve, or the pump casting), or until the engine's horsepower limitation is reached. Consequently, a pump must be "unloaded" rather than deadheaded when its flow is not needed. This may be accomplished with a relief valve.

Piston pumps can be manufactured with closer internal fits than vane or gear pumps. This means internal slippage can be less and the pump can operate with reasonable efficiency at pressures both too high or too low for vane and gear pumps. All piston pumps have case drain connections. Oil that by-passes the pistons accumulates in the case and lubricates the moving parts. Never plug all the drain connections. This would cause a pressure build-up in the case and the shaft seal to blow out.

Variable Displacement Piston Pumps

The variable displacement feature allows you to remotely control the flow output of a specific pump. This is desirable when you want to run more than one pump off a single engine. It's also beneficial because less heat is generated in the hydraulic system--you only generate as much flow as required.

In a CTU (coiled tubing unit) closed loop injector drive circuit, the injector speed is controlled by the pump's swashplate angle which is controlled by the valve labeled "Injector Control In / Out" on the control panel (a valve built by Munson Tison or Gresen).

In a CTU high pressure open loop injector drive circuit, the pump has a variable displace-ment feature (swashplate). The swashplate angle is controlled by a load sensed 4-way valve which is controlled by the Munson Tison.

In the illustration that follows, a variable displacement piston pump is shown with only one piston inside a cylinder barrel. As a side note, this piston pump is also known as an axial or in-line piston pump because the pistons are rotating about the same axis as the pump shaft.

Let's see how this pump works. An engine turns a shaft which turns the cylinder barrel. As the cylinder barrel rotates, the piston is also forced to rotate. However, the piston is also forced to ride along the surface of the swashplate (due to the placement of a shoeplate and bias spring).

The swashplate does not rotate and can be positioned at various angles. As the cylinder barrel rotates, the piston moves out of the cylinder barrel and generate an increasing vol-ume. As the cylinder barrel completes its full rotation, the piston moves into the cylinder bar-rel and generates a decreasing volume.

Variable Displacement Piston Pump


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In actual practice, the cylinder barrel is fitted with many pistons. To separate the incoming fluid from the discharging fluid, a port plate is positioned at the end of the cylinder barrel opposite the swashplate.

The displacement is determined by the swashplate angle. By varying the angle, the pump's output flow can be changed. The pump will develop no flow when the swashplate is cen-tered.

Bi-directional Variable Displacement Piston Pumps

On a CTU, only the high pressure open loop injector drive circuit contains the bi-directional feature. It also happens to have the variable displacement feature.

Some swashplates have the capability of crossing over center. This results in reverse flow (as the cylinder barrel remains rotating in the same direction). These types of pumps are referred to as bi-directional variable displacement piston pumps. You can see from the illus-tration that follows that the angle of the swashplate determines which ports are the inlet and outlet.

Bi-directional Variable Displacement Piston Pump

Pressure Compensated, Variable Displacement Piston Pumps

On a CTU, the closed loop injector drive circuit AND the high pressure open loop injector drive circuit contain the pressure compensated feature.

As the symbol shows, a small arrow inside the circle that points in the same direction as the pump outlet represents a pressure compensating pump. The slashed arrow through the cir-cle represents a variable displacement pump. As a side note, both piston and vane pumps can have pressure compensating and variable displacement features.

The pressure compensator control automatically positions the swashplate to maintain a con-stant output pressure. Thus, the pump compensator control reduces pump output to only the volume required to maintain a preset pressure (remotely set by using the R1E valve in

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the control cabin labeled "Injector Pressure Adjust"). If maximum pressure is obtained (pump becomes overloaded), the compensator will reduce the pump displacement enough (to zero displacement if necessary) to keep pressure from rising above the preset limit.

A pressure compensator protects:

- the pump and the entire system from being damaged by excessive pressure,- the driving engine or motor from being overloaded and stalled, and - overheating of the system.

Maximum flow is allowed only when pressure in the flow line is less than the compensator setting.

Hydraulic Hand Pumps

Hand pumps are always of the piston type. Hand pumps generally serve as standby pumps on hydraulic systems for emergency power if the main power input should fail. They are capable of developing pressure just as high as power driven pumps although at a much slower rate.

Vane Pumps

The vane pump is also a positive displacement pump. The illustration below shows a fixed displacement vane pump. How does it operate? An engine will turn a shaft which is keyed to rotor. Within the rotor are slots. These slots house vanes which are individually attached by a spring. As the rotor rotates, the vanes are carried around by the rotor and kept in con-tinuous contact with the cam surface by centrifugal force or other means.

Common service problems, other than shaft seal replacement may include occasional vane or vane spring replacement, or replacement of the cam ring due to washboarding caused by erosion at points of high pressure and high velocity.

Vane Pump - Cross Sectional View

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Gear Pumps

Two steel gears rotate inside a housing. The "drive" gear (keyed to the shaft) meshes with and turns the "driven" gear. Gear teeth make a tight sliding fit in the housing. As the gears rotate, a flow path is created around the outside of each gear. A suction is created at the inlet port as oil is carried away by the gear teeth. The oil is forced from the outlet port by the oil coming in behind it. Meshing of the teeth in the center of the pump seals the outlet port from inlet port. In most cases of a pump failure, the bearing fails first.

Gear Pump - Cross Sectional View

Pump Cavitation

A pump is said to be "cavitated" when inlet oil (for whatever reason) is not entirely filling the cavities on the intake part of the pumping cycle. A dirty strainer or low oil level in the reser-voir can cause cavitation. If the flow of oil is not sufficient to carry away the heat produced by mechanical friction, damage to the pump bearings can occur. Lack of cushioning between pumping elements may also cause impact damage. More pump and system fail-ures occur due to cavitation than from any other single cause.

Pump Life Expectancy

Pump life varies between manufacturers and the type of application. Pump life will also depend on factors such as system filtration, oil cleanliness, amount of side or end loading permitted on the shaft, oil temperature, degree of cavitation at the pump inlet, and misalign-ment of the pump and motor shafts. Which do you have control over? The bearing life depends on two factors: shaft speed and operating pressure.

Storing a Pump

If a pump is to be out of service for longer than 6 months, its case should be filled with oil and the ports plugged before it is stored. A small air pocket should be left to allow for expan-sion of the oil if the pump will be subjected to heat.

Pump Speed

A pump becomes less efficient at lower speeds due to internal slippage. The amount of oil lost is proportional to pressure, not to speed. At a low speed, overheating may occur because pump flow may not be sufficient to carry away heat generated by the friction losses and internal slippage. Consequently, rubber shaft seals can be damaged by excess heat.

Velocity vs. Flow Rate

Velocity refers to the speed of a fluid (how fast it travels) and may be expressed in feet per minute or feet per second. It describes the distance traveled in a certain time frame.

Flow rate may be expressed in gallons per minute. Flow rate describes the volume of fluid traveled in a certain time frame. A one gallon bucket may be filled in one minute (1 gpm)


49

with either a fluid traveling at 5 fps through a large hose or with a fluid traveling at 10 fps through a smaller hose. In both cases, the flow rate is still 1 gpm.

You may want to use one of the control valves discussed in the next section if you wish to regulate the flow, flow direction and pressure into the bucket.

Control Valves

As fluid exits the pump, valves are used to control the fluid flow to the actuator. Control valves can be classified into four groups.

- Directional control valves- Pressure control valves- Motion control valves- Flow control valves

Directional Control Valves

As the name implies, directional valves start, stop, and control the direction of fluid flow.

You will commonly hear of valves referred to as 2-way, 3-way, and 4-way valves. This termi-nology refers to the number of active porting connections.

- Thus, a "2-way" valve has two main portholes.

- A "3-way" valve has three main portholes.

- A "4-way" valve has four main portholes.

The terminology "3-way" and "4-way" are a little misleading because it does not truly describe the valve action.

On 3-way and 4-way valves, the inlet ports will be marked P (or P1 and P2 if there are two inlets); outlet ports will be marked with the first letters of the alphabet (A, B, C, etc.); exhaust ports will be marked T for tank.

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Control Valves

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Flow Control Valves

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2-Way Valves

2-way directional valves are simply used for "starting and stopping" fluid flow. Examples include shut-off valves (ball valves, gate valves, and needle valves) and check valves. Port markings show P for inlet and A for outlet.

2-way Valve

Several shut-off valves can be used in combination to control the direction of an actuator. Occasionally, a shut-off valve is used in such a way that it becomes a flow control valve (e.g., used to meter flow and shut it off).

3-Way Valves

Valves for controlling direction of movement of a cylinder or hydraulic motor have 3-way or 4-way action.

3-way Valve

The shuttle valve can be classed as a 3-way valve with no normal position. It has two inlets (P1 and P2), and one outlet (A). It can accept flow from either of the two inlets. The inlet with the higher pressure passes through to a single outlet while keeping the two inlet fluids isolated from one another.

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Shuttle Valve

4-Way Valves

A 4-way valve is connected four ways into a circuit. It has four main ports: one pressure inlet (P), two outlets (A and B), and one tank port (T). Port markings for auxiliary functions may vary between manufacturers but many valves use the letter X for connecting to an external pilot pressure source, and Y to indicate an external drain port.

4-way Valve

4-way valves have two (or more) grooves on the spool for handling two separate flows of the same fluid at the same time. They are capable of controlling direction on double-acting cyl-inders or reversible fluid motors.

Sectional Valves

A sectional valve (or bank valve) is a composite of two or more valve sections bolted together. They are intended for the operation of several branch circuits from one hydraulic pump and will include a built-in pressure relief valve. On a CTU, a sectional valve is used in the levelwind hydraulic circuit.

Normally Open / Normally Closed

A valve spool is moved to various positions by either manual, mechanical, electrical, pneu-matic, or hydraulic force. Various types of manual actuators include levers, push buttons, and pedals as depicted below.

The terms "normally closed" and "normally open" are frequently used. These terms describe the condition of the inlet port (whether open to flow or closed to flow) when the valve is in its non-actuated or de-energized state. Valves which do not have internal springs do not have a "normal" position. When shifted, they remain in this state until shifted to another position.

detent mechanical actuator push button actuator lever solenoid spring


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Detents

A detent is a locking device to keep a spool in the desired shifted position. In the illustration below, the ball is forced out of one notch and into another notch when the spool is shifted.

2-Position Detent

Direct-Acting Solenoid Valves

These valves use a solenoid for shifting the valve spool. The solenoid armature is directly linked to the spool and provides the necessary push or pull "muscle" for shifting. In a single solenoid valve, the spool is driven in one direction by the solenoid force and in the other direction by a spring after the solenoid is de-energized. The single solenoid valve operates on a "maintained" electrical signal to stay in its shifted position. Breaking the signal allows it to return to its "normal" position.

Pilot-Operated Solenoid Valves

For the main spool to shift, the solenoid must be energized, and in addition, sufficient pilot pressure must be present to furnish shifting power.

Dump Valves

A dump valve (e.g., ball valve, needle valve, etc.) is a valve used to dump oil back to the hydraulic tank.

Sequence Valves

A sequence valve is a valve used in a sequential action (causing a sequence of events). Its purpose is to maintain a pre-determined minimum pressure in the primary line while the sec-ondary (or sequential) operation takes place. Sequence valves are primarily used on nitro-gen units.

Pressure Control Valves

Pressure control valves limit system pressures to a maximum or regulate reduced pressures in certain portions of a circuit. Various pressure control valves are stated below.

• relief valves • unloading valve• pressure reducing valves

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It is not uncommon to hear a relief valves or unloading valve referred to as "by-pass" valve. These two valves are 2-way, normally closed valves. Let's look at each valve separately to gain a better understanding.

Relief Valves

A relief valve limits the maximum level to which the system pressure is permitted to rise. It acts as a "safety valve." Virtually every kind of positive displacement pump should be pro-tected with a relief valve. It is a 2-way, normally closed valve. It remains closed until the pressure from the pilot line rises to the relief setting providing a path for the oil to return to the tank (while maintaining the pressure in the flow line at or below the relief valve setting pressure).

The pressure setting in a pressure control valve is usually varied with a screw adjustment which compresses or decompresses a spring.

Direct-acting relief valves can actually serve many purposes. They may also be used to pilot a larger relief valve, to supplement a pressure compensated pump, or act as a cushion-ing device.

Simple Hydraulic Circuit With a Direct Acting Pressure Relief Valve

A direct-acting relief valve uses a spring to hold the poppet on its seat. When the pressure in the flow line exceeds the spring pressure, the poppet is lifted off its seat so that flow can be diverted to the tank.

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A pilot-operated relief valve uses pressure from the flow line to hold the poppet on its seat.

Pilot-Operated Relief Valve

Most valves have an RC (remote control) or vent port of small size located on the cross-head. At the option of the user, the RC port can be used for remote control of the action of the main poppet. If not used, it should be plugged.

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Unloading Valves

Generally speaking, an unloading valve is a directional valve. It operates in one of two defi-nite positions, open or closed. However, its purpose is to unload the pump--to divert pump flow directly to the tank in response to an external pressure signal. Therefore, it might better be thought of as a pressure control valve.

Worded differently, an unloading valve is a normally closed valve which directs flow to the tank when a set pressure is maintained on its pilot port.

Unloading Valve

On a CTU, an unloading valve can be found on the BOP circuit to both limit the maximum pressure and unload the pump when the desired accumulator pressure is reached. Conse-quently, the accumulator pressure may be maintained between 2700 psi and 3000 psi at all times. An unloading valve can also be found in the priority circuit on the control panel.

Unloading Valve in BOP Circuit

Pressure Reducing Valves


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A pressure reducing valve is the equivalent of a pressure regulator in a compressed air sys-tem. It is a normally open valve which maintains a reduced pressure in part of the circuit while the remainder of the system operates at full pressure. Stated in another way, The pressure reducing valve limits the maximum pressure at its outlet regardless of the inlet pressure.

Pressure Reducing Valve

A pressure reducing valve senses fluid pressure after it has passed through the valve. As pressure downstream equals the setting of the valve, the spool is partially closed causing a restricted flow path. Example: The inlet will maintain 3,000 psi while the outlet will maintain 435 psi.

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Troubleshooting Procedures

Hydraulic System Check

This section describes a step-by-step check for hydraulic systems which have previously been working satisfactorily but developed trouble--usually within the previous 24-hour work-ing period.

Figure 2.21 Simple Hydraulic Circuit

This circuit is typical of many industrial fluid power systems. Any major component (pump, relief valve, cylinder, 4-way valve, or filter) could be at fault. In a highly sophisticated sys-tem, there are other minor components which could be at fault but these possibilities are too numerous to be covered in this brief discussion. By following this organized step-by-step procedure, the problem can usually be traced to a general area, then if necessary, each component in that area can be tested or can be temporarily replaced with a similar compo-nent known to be good. It makes good sense to first check the areas which give the most trouble on most systems--so this is how we'll start.

To checkout the system, at least one pressure gauge is necessary and should be installed in the pump pressure line as shown.

Step 1 - Pump Inlet Strainer

The trouble most often encountered in the field is cavitation of the hydraulic pump--caused by a build-up on the inlet strainer. It can even happen on a new system after a few hours of operation. The symptoms include an increased pump noise, loss of high pressure, and / or cylinder speed.

If there is not a strainer located in the pump inlet line, it will usually be found immersed below the oil level in the reservoir. Some operators are not aware of a strainer in the reservoir (if they are, they do not clean it regularly). A dirty strainer restricts flow into the pump and may cause the pump to fail prematurely.

The inlet strainer should be removed and cleaned whether or not it appears dirty. Some clogging materials are hard to see. If there are holes in the mesh or other obvious physical damage, a new strainer should be installed. Wire mesh strainers can be cleaned effectively with an air hose, blowing from the inside out. They should be washed in a solvent, using a bristle brush. If possible, use a mineral spirits solvent. One brand is sold under the trade name of Stoddard Solvent. If no safe solvent is available, and if necessary to use a hydro-carbon solvent such as kerosene, work outdoors and far away from open flame or other heat source. Never use highly flammable solvents such as gasoline, lacquer thinner, naphtha, etc. After cleaning with solvent use an air hose to blow out all the remaining solvent.

When re-installing the strainer, inspect all joints in the inlet plumbing for air leaks, particularly at union joints. There must be no air leaks in the inlet line. Check the tank oil level to be

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sure it covers the top of the strainer by at least 3-inches (which is with all cylinders extended). Notice the condition of the inlet hose (if one is used). A partially collapsed hose or one with internal swelling has the same effect as a clogged inlet strainer.

Step 2 - Pump and Relief Valve

If cleaning the pump strainer does not correct the trouble, isolate the pump and relief valve from the rest of the system by disconnecting the plumbing at Point B and capping both ends of the disconnected lines. This deadheads the pump into the relief valve. First, back off the relief valve then start the pump and watch the gauge for a pressure build-up as the relief valve adjustment is tightened. If full pressure can be developed, obviously the pump and relief valve are operating correctly and the trouble is further down the line. If full pressure cannot be developed, or if the pressure is erratic, continue with Step 3.

Step 3 - Pump or Relief Valve?

Further testing must be done to determine whether the pump is worn out or if the relief valve is malfunctioning.

Discharge from the relief valve tank port must be observed. If possible, disconnect the tank return line for the relief valve at Point C. Attach a short length of hose to the relief valve out-let. Hold the open end of the hose over the tank filler opening where the rate of flow can be observed. Start the pump and run the relief valve adjustment up and down while observing the relief valve discharge flow. If the pump is bad, a full stream of oil may possibly be observed when the relief valve is backed off but this stream will greatly diminish or stop as the relief valve setting is increased. If a flowmeter is available, the flow rate can be mea-sured and compared with the catalog flow rating of the pump.

If a flowmeter is not available the flow can be estimated by discharging the stream into a clean container over a measured time interval. However, even without any measurement of the flow volume, a bad pump is indicated if discharge flow varies widely as the relief valve adjustment is run up and down. The discharge flow should be fairly constant at all pressure levels, dropping off slightly at higher pressures.

If the relief valve discharge line cannot be disconnected, a person can place his hand near the discharge opening inside the tank and can detect a large change in the flow volume as the pressure is varied.

If the flow decreases as the relief valve setting is raised, and only a moderate but not full pressure can be developed, this may also indicate pump trouble. Proceed to Step 4.

During this test if gauge pressure does not rise above a low value, 100 to 200 PSI, and if the discharge flow remains constant as the relief valve adjustment is tightened, the relief valve may be at fault and should be cleaned or replaced as instructed in Step 5.

Step 4 - Pump

If a full stream of oil is not obtained in Step 3, or if the stream diminishes markedly as the relief setting is raised, the pump is probably worn out. Assuming that the inlet strainer has been cleaned and the inlet plumbing has been inspected for air leaks and collapsed hoses, the pumped oil is slipping inside the pump from the outlet back to the inlet. The pump may be worn out or the oil may be too thin. High temperature in the oil will cause it to become thin and slip excessively. High slippage within the pump will cause it to run much hotter than the oil in the tank. In normal operation (with a good pump), the pump case may run 20º to 30º F higher than the temperature in the oil tank. If greater than this, excessive pump slip-page may be the cause.

Also, check for a sheared shaft key, broken shaft, broken coupling, loosened set screw, slip-ping belts, and other possible mechanical causes.

Step 5 - Relief Valve

If Step 3 has indicated the relief valve may be at fault, the quickest proof is to temporarily replace it with one known to be good. The faulty valve may later be disassembled and


59

cleaned. Pilot-operated relief valves have small internal orifices which may become blocked with dirt. Use an air hose to blow out all passages and pass a small wire through the ori-fices. Also, check for free movement of the spool or poppet. Pipe thread connections in the body cause the spool to bind. If possible, check for spool binding before unscrewing threaded connections. While testing on the bench, screw pipe fittings tightly into the port threads.

Step 6 - Cylinder

If the pump will develop full pressure while deadheaded into the relief valve in Step 2, both components are good. Test cylinder piston seals if applicable.

Step 7 - Directional (4-Way) Valve

If the cylinder has been tested for piston leakage and found to have reasonably tight piston seals, the 4-way control valve may be checked for excessive spool leakage. It is rare that a valve becomes so worn that the pump cannot build up full pressure, but it can happen. Symptoms of excessive leakage in the valve spool include a loss of cylinder speed while having difficulty in building up full pressure (even with the relief valve adjusted to a high set-ting). This condition is more likely to happen when using a pump with small displacement operating at very high pressure, and might have developed gradually over a long time. Valve spool leakage can be checked.

Other Components

If the above procedure does not reveal the trouble, check other components individually. Usually the quickest and best troubleshooting procedure is to replace suspected compo-nents one at a time with similar ones known to be good. Pilot-operated solenoid valves which will not shift out of center position may have insufficient pilot pressure available.

Troubleshooting Hydraulic Pumps

The pump is the component subjected to the most wear and the one most likely to give trou-ble. On systems where the pump has to be replaced more often than seems necessary, one or more of the following problems may be the cause.

Pump Cavitation

Cavitation is the inability of a pump to draw a full charge of oil either because of air leaks or restrictions in the inlet line. When a pump starts to cavitate, its noise level increases and it may become very hot around the shaft and front bearing. Other symptoms of cavitation are erratic movement of cylinders, difficulty in building up full pressure, and a milky appearance of the oil. If cavitation is suspected, check these following points of interest.

1. Check conditions of the pump inlet strainer. Clean it even if it does not look dirty. Varnish deposited in the wire mesh may be restricting the oil flow but may be almost invisible. If brown varnish deposits are found on the internal surfaces of the pumps or valves, this is a sure indication that the system has been operating at too high a temperature. A heat exchanger should be added.

2. Check pump inlet strainer size. Be sure the original strainer has not been replaced with a smaller size. Increasing its size (number of square inches of filtering surface may help on some systems where the original size selection was marginal.

3. The use of a higher quality oil may reduce formation of varnish and sludge.4. Check for restricted or clogged pump inlet plumbing. If hoses are used, be sure they

are not collapsed. Only hoses designed for vacuum service should be used at the pump inlet which have an internal wire braid to prevent collapse.

5. Be sure the air breather on the reservoir is not clogged with dirt or lint. On systems where the air space above the oil is relatively small, the pump could cavitate during its extension stroke if the breather became clogged.


60

6. Oil viscosity may be too high for the particular pump. Some pumps cannot pick up heavy oil on prime or will run in a cavitated condition. Cold weather start-up is par-ticularly damaging to a pump. Running a pump across a relief valve for several hours to warm up the oil can severely damage the pump if it is running in a cavitated condition during this time.

7. Determine recommended pump speed. Be sure the original motor has not been replaced with one which runs at a higher speed.

8. Be sure the pump has not been replaced with one which delivers a higher flow. This might overload the inlet strainer.

Air Leaking Into the System

The air which is in a newly assembled system will purge itself after a short time. The system should be run for perhaps 15 to 30 minutes under very low pressure. Air will dissolve in the oil (a little at a time) and be carried to the reservoir from where it can escape. Of course, this process can be accelerated by bleeding air from high points in the system.

Air which comes into the system from continuous air leaks will cause the oil to assume a milky appearance a short time after the system is started, but the oil will usually become clear in about an hour after shut-down. To find where air is entering the system, check the following points of interest.

1. Be sure the oil reservoir is filled to its normal level and that the pump intake is well below the minimum oil level.

2. Air may be entering around the pump shaft seal.3. Check for air leaks in the pump inlet plumbing (specially at union joints). An easy

way to check for leaks is to squirt oil over a suspected leak. If the pump noise diminished, you have found your leak. Check also around the inlet port. Screwing a tapered pipe fitting into a straight thread port will damage the thread, causing a per-manent air leak which is next to impossible to repair.

4. Air may be entering through the rod seal of a cylinder.5. Be sure the main tank return line discharges well below the minimum oil level and not

on top of the oil. On new designs, it may be helpful to enlarge the diameter of the main return line a few feet before it enters the tank. This causes oil velocity to decrease which minimizes turbulence in the tank.

Water Leaking Into the System

Water leaking into the system will cause the oil to have a milky appearance while the system is running but the oil will usually clear up in a short time after the pump is shut down as water settles to the bottom of the reservoir. Water usually enters a system in the following two ways.

1. Condensation on the interior surfaces of the reservoir which are above the oil level. This is almost unavoidable on systems operating in environments where ambient temperature changes from day to night. During periods when the reservoir walls are cooler than the surrounding air, condensation may take place if ambient humidity is fairly high. Since water settles to the bottom of the reservoir, the practical solution is to daily or weekly tap off this water through the drain valve. This should be done after the pump has been shut down long enough for the water to settle.

2. A leak in a water cooled (shell and tube) heat exchanger may leak water into the oil if water pressure is higher than pressure of the oil being cooled.

Oil Leakage Around the Pump

1. Leakage Around the ShaftThere is usually a slight internal pressure behind the shaft seal on piston pumps and other pumps which take inlet oil from an overhead reservoir. As the seal becomes well worn, external leakage may appear. This will usually be more pronounced while the pump is running and may disappear while the pump is stopped.


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Other pumps such as gear and vane types usually run with a slight vacuum behind the seal. A worn-out seal may allow air to leak into the oil while the pump is running and oil to leak out after the pump has been stopped.Prematurely worn shaft seals may be caused by excessive oil temperature. At oil temperatures of 200º F and higher, a rubber shaft seal will have a very short life.Abrasives in the oil may wear out shaft seals quickly, and may also produce circum-ferential scoring on the shaft. Check all crevices and cracks in the reservoir where dust could enter. The most common entry point is through the reservoir air breather.

2. Leakage Around a Pump PortSometimes leakage at these ports may be caused by damaged threads (e.g., screwing a taper pipe thread fitting into a straight thread port). Once the threads have been damaged it is very difficult ever to obtain a leaktight seal.Check the tightness of the fittings in the ports. If a sealant is used, we recommend Teflon Sealant which comes in the form of a paste. We do not recommend Teflon tape. Beware of screwing taper pipe threads too tightly into a pump or valve body casting. In the past this has been the cause for many cracked pump housings.

3. If leakage is from a small crack in the body casting, this has most likely been caused by over-tightening a taper pipe fitting, or from operating the pump in a system where either the relief valve has (at some time) been adjusted too high, or where high pressure spikes have been generated as a result of shocks. While it is possible for the casting to have been manufactured defective, this has rarely turned out to be the cause.

Pump Noise Has Recently Increased

1. Cavitation of pump inlet. Refer to corrective measures previously described.2. Air leaking into the system from low oil or other causes previously described.3. Mechanical noise caused by loose or worn coupling, loose set screw, badly worn

internal parts, etc.4. System may be running with oil temperature too high.5. Pump may be running at higher than rated speed.


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Glossary

- A -

Accumulator

A container in which fluid is stored under pressure as a source of fluid power.

Actuator

A device for converting hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. A motor or cylinder.

Aeration

Air in the hydraulic fluid. Excessive aeration causes the fluid to appear milky and components to operate erratically because of the compressibility of the air trapped in the fluid.

- B -

Bleed-Off

To divert a specific controllable portion of pump flow directly to the tank.

By-Pass

A secondary passage for fluid flow.

- C -

Charge Pressure

The pressure at which replenishing fluid is forced into the hydraulic system (above atmospheric pressure).

Check Valve

A valve which permits flow of fluid in one direction only.

Circuit

An arrangement of components interconnected to perform a specific func-tion within a system.

Counterbalance Valve

A pressure control valve which maintains back pressure to prevent a load from falling.

Cracking Pressure

The pressure at which a pressure actuated valve begins to pass fluid.


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- D -

Directional Control Valve

A valve which selectively directs or prevents fluid flow to desired channels.

- E -

Energy

The ability or capacity to do work. Measured in units of work.

- F -

Flow Control Valve

A valve which controls the rate of oil flow.

Flow Rate

The volume, mass, or weight of a fluid passing through any conductor per unit of time.

Fluid

A liquid or gas or

A liquid that is specifically compounded for use as a power-transmitting medium in a hydraulic system.

Force

Any push or pull measured in units of weight. In hydraulics, total force is expressed by the Pressure and the Area of the surface on which the pres-sure acts:

Force = Pressure x Area

Four-way Valve

A directional valve having four flow paths.

- H -

Heat

The form of energy that has the capacity to create warmth or to increase the temperature of a substance. Any energy that is wasted or used to overcome friction is converted to heat. Heat is measured in calories or BTUs. One BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.

Horsepower (HP)

The power required to lift 550 pounds, one foot in one second. A horse-power is equal to 746 watts or 42.4 BTUs per minute.


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Hydraulic Balance

A condition of equal opposed hydraulic forces acting on a part in a hydraulic component.

Hydraulics

Engineering science pertaining to liquid pressure and flow.

- I -

Intensifier

A device which converts low pressure fluid power into higher pressure fluid power.

- K -

Kinetic Energy

Energy that a substance or body has by virtue of its mass (weight) and veloc-ity.

- M -

Manual Override

A means of manually actuating an automatically controlled device.

Motor

A device which converts hydraulic fluid power into mechanical force and motion. It usually provides rotary mechanical motion.

- P -

Pascal’s Law

A pressure applied to a confined fluid at rest is transmitted with equal inten-sity throughout the fluid.

Pilot Pressure

Auxiliary pressure used to actuate or control hydraulic components.

Pilot Valve

An auxiliary valve used to control the operation of another valve. The con-trolling stage of a 2-stage valve.

Poppet

That part of certain valves which prevents flow when it closes against a seat.


65

Positive Displacement

A characteristic of a pump or motor which has the inlet positively sealed from the outlet so that fluid cannot re-circulate in the component.

Power

Work per unit of time measured in horsepower (hp) or watts.

Power Pack (Power Unit)

An integral power supply unit usually containing a pump, reservoir, relief valve, and directional control valves.

Pressure

Force per unit area; usually expressed in pounds per square inch (psi).

Pressure Compensated Flow Control Valve

A flow control valve which controls the rate of flow independent of system pressure.

Pressure Drop

The difference in pressure between any two points of a system or a compo-nent.

Pressure Line

The line carrying the fluid from the pump outlet to the pressurized port of the actuator.

Pressure Override

The difference between the cracking pressure of a valve and the pressure reached when the valve is passing full flow.

Pressure Reducing Valve

A valve which limits the maximum pressure at its outlet regardless of the inlet pressure.

Pump

A device which converts mechanical force and motion into hydraulic fluid power.

- R -

Relief Valve

A pressure operated valve which by-passes pump flow to the reservoir while limiting system pressure to a predetermined maximum value.

Replinish

To add fluid to maintain a full hydraulic system.


66

Reservoir

A container for storage of liquid in a fluid power system. Also referred to as a tank.

Return Line

A line used to carry exhaust fluid from the actuator back to pump.

- S-

Sequence

The order of a series of operations or movements.

To divert flow to accomplish a subsequent operation or movement.

Sequence Valve

A pressure operated valve which, at its setting, diverts flow to a secondary line while holding a predetermined minimum pressure in the primary line. A valve whose primary function is to direct flow in a pre-determined sequence.

Shutoff Valve

A valve which operates fully open or fully closed.

Slip

Internal leakage of hydraulic fluid.

Spool

A term loosely applied to almost any moving cylindrical shaped part of a hydraulic component which moves to direct flow through the component.

Suction Line

The hydraulic line connecting the reservoir to the pump inlet port.

Surge

A transient rise of pressure or flow.

System Pressure

The pressure which overcomes the total resistance in a system. It includes all losses as well as useful work.

- T -

Tank

The reservoir or sump.


67

Torque

A rotary thrust. The turning effort of a fluid motor usually expressed in inch-pounds.

Two-Way Valve

A directional control valve with two flow paths.

- U -

Unload

To release flow (usually directly to the reservoir); to prevent pressure being imposed on the system or portion of the system.

Unloading Valve

A valve which by-passes flow to tank when a set pressure is maintained on its pilot port.

- V -

Valve

A device which controls fluid flow direction, pressure, or flow rate.

Velocity

The speed of flow through a hydraulic line expressed in feet per second (fps).

The speed of a rotating component measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

Vent

To permit opening of a pressure control valve by opening its pilot port (vent connection) to atmospheric pressure.

An air breathing device on a fluid reservoir.

Viscosity

A measure of the internal friction or the resistance of a fluid to flow.

- W -

Work

Exerting force through a definite distance. Work is measured in units of force multiplied by distance (e.g., pound-foot).


68

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Nitrogen Pumps & Vaporizer Systems - Literature

Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Vaporization Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Water Pump (also referred to as the Coolant Pump) ................... 4Vaporizer ...................................................................................... 4Heat Exchangers.......................................................................... 4Engine Heat Exchanger ............................................................... 7Exhaust Heat Recovery................................................................ 7Power Control Valve and Back Pressure Valve ........................... 7Water Brake ................................................................................. 7

Controls & Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Nitrogen Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Acceptable Vacuum Levels .......................................................... 10Pressure Ratings.......................................................................... 10Filling The Tank............................................................................ 11Saturated LN2 .............................................................................. 12

Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

NPS180HR10: 180,000 SCFH / 10,000 PSI.Sound enclosed engine for reduced db level.

NPS60HR10: 60,000 SCFH / 10,000PSI. Compact, light weight, ideal for

coiled tubing applications.

Advantages

• Patented Dynamometer Heat RecoveryVaporizer System

• Rated for continuous oilfield service,independent of ambient temperatureconditions

• Greater Flow rate turn down capability• Fewer Controls - completely mechanical

control system provides maximumreliability and minimum maintenance, forsimple start-up and one man operation

• Special dual seal on liquid nitrogencentrifugal boost pump eliminates costlyboost pump down time

• Greater fuel efficiency than competitivesystems

• Pump Saver - a monitoring instrument toprevent loss of LN2 triplex pump primeand expensive cold end damage

The New Standard

Leadership in an industry must be earned. Bymaintaining an ongoing research anddevelopment effort, our Team has combinedexisting design with innovative newtechnology to produce the new standards ofthe industry in Nitrogen Pumping andVaporization systems. Efficient, dependable,safe, and built to perform in the field year afteryear.

SKID MOUNTED NITROGEN PUMPAND VAPORIZER SYSTEMS

Patented Heat Recovery Design

Our patented heat recovery nitrogen pump andvaporizer system is an example of theengineering excellence that has placed us atthe forefront of nitrogen pumping technology.

Unused engine horsepower and waste systemheat are converted to usable heat through theuse of a dynamometer (water brake).Utilization of the dynamometer eliminates thefired vaporizer and hydraulic engine loadingsystems of conventional units, reducing fuelcosts, maintenance and down time. The resultis a safe, dependable unit capable of operatingunder the most demanding oilfield conditions.

Complete Unit Line

Units are available ranging from flow rates of60,000 SCFH to 540,000 SCFH in the patentedheat recovery design. Truck and trailermounted for land operation, or skid mountedfor combination land and offshore use. All unitsare available with full certification wherenecessary, including DNV and BP200certification, for the demanding conditionsrequired of equipment operating in the NorthSea.

NPS540HR10: 540,000 SCFH / 10,000 PSIoperating pressure. Patented dynamometer design.Proprietary safety shutdown systems for industrialcompliance. Ideal for both oilfield and industrialapplications.

NPS180HR10: 180,000 SCFH / 10,000 PSIoperating pressure, patented dynamometer design.DNV and BP200 certified for North Sea use.

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TRUCK MOUNTED NITROGEN PUMPAND VAPORIZER SYSTEMS

Down-To-Earth Engineering

Down-to-earth oilfield engineering iswhat made Hydra Rig the world’slargest manufacturer of coiled tubingequipment. And that same down-to-earth engineering is at work for you inour nitrogen pumping systems.

660,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI workingpressure, fired vaporizer system, withclimate controlled operator’s cabin.

400,000 SCFH, 15,000 PSI workingpressure, fired vaporizer system, 2000gallon tank with above deck controls.

600,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI workingpressure, fired vaporizer system, 2000gallon nitrogen storage vessel.

Offering the latest technology in both fired and non fired designs

No matter how they are used, thesenitrogen pumping systems will meetthe toughest standards of oilfieldperformance, simply because theyhave more “oilfield tough” in theirdesign than any other system on themarket.

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90,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI workingpressure, heat recovery vaporizersystem, with 2500 gallon tank.

360,000 SCFH, 15,000 PSI workingpressure, heat recovery vaporizer system,with above deck operator controls.

150,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSIworking pressure, heatrecovery vaporizer system,controls located for groundoperation.

Performance and PrecisionFrom the addition of field iron racks to the simple accessibility of its components,oilfield engineering is evident in every aspect of the design and operation ofthese units. The result is performance you can rely on, dividends you can counton. And those are two good reasons to see what a little down-to-earth, oil fieldengineering can do for you!

540,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI working pressure,fired vaporizer system, 2,000 gallon tank,controls located for ground operation.

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TRAILER MOUNTED NITROGEN PUMPAND VAPORIZER SYSTEMS

Basic Design

The standard features of the NitrogenPump and Vaporizer Systems are alsoavailable in trailer mounted units as wellas skid and truck mounted. Standardsystems are available from 60,000 SCFHto 1,000,000 SCFH, in both fired and heatrecovery vaporization designs. ModelsNP600 and NP200 Nitrogen TriplexPumps utilize low friction roller bearingsand a dry sump lubrication system tooperate at 0-900 RPM, significantlyextending the system’s range.

1,000,000 SCFH, 10,000 PSI working pressure,fired vaporizer system, controls mounted topsidefor operator visibility.

Special attention was given to thedesign of the operator’s control panel.Operation of the unit has beensimplified without reducing any of thesystem’s integrated control functions.With foresight gained from years offield experience, the functional,accessible layout of all componentscontributes to the overall efficiency,operator control, and maintenance.

1,000,000 SCFH, 5000 PSI working pressure, firedvaporizer system, enclosed operators control cabin.

180,000 scfh, 10,000 PSI working pressure, heat recovery vaporizer system, 2,500gallon nitrogen storage vessel.

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LIQUID NITROGEN STORAGE TANKS

Offshore and land Based

LN2 storage tanks are offered for bothoffshore and land operation. Our LN2tanks are in operation around the worldand are specifically designed foroilfield service with features necessaryto insure safe, dependable andefficient operation.

General Features:

• Nominal 2,000 US gallon capacity• 43 PSI maximum working pressure• Super Insulation• Service temperature -320oF• ASME coded inner vessel

Special Features / Offshore Tanks

• Standard sizes: 2000, 3000, & 4000 gal.• Skid mounted with protective lift frame• Fork lift pockets• Stackable design• Front and rear fill connections• Recessed aluminum top• ISO twist lock corners (top and bottom)• SS gauge panel• (2) LN2 hose storage tubes• Aluminum star-fin pressure building coil• SS drip pan under LN2 connections• All SS piping with bronze globe valves• North Sea certification available

Offshore tank: General pipingand connections arrangement.

4,000 gallon portable / offshore tank:Protective lift frame, topside accessladders, front and rear fill connections, ISOcorner locks.

2,000 gallon offshore tank: Protective liftframe, aluminium canopy, front and rear fillconnections, ISO corner locks, 4 leg slingassembly.

LN2 transport truck: 4,000 galloncapacity, hydraulically poweredcentrifugal transfer pump, pipingenclosure.

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Nitrogen Pumping EquipmentSpecifications

Nitrogen Pumping Equipment

Hydra Rig Nitrogen Unit Model 180HR10

SpecificationsNitrogen Pumping Skids

Model: NPS- 90HR10 180HR10 180HRH10 360HR10 540HR10Vaporization Method

H2O Brake H2O Brake Hydraulic H2O Brake H2O Brake

Engine DD6V-92TA DD8V-92TA CAT3406 DD12V-92TA DD16V92-TAN2 Pump HR-NP200 HR-NP200 HR-NP200 HR-NP600 HR-NP600Coldends 1 1/4” 1 5/8” 1 5/8” 2” 2 3/8”Working Pressure Max.

10,000 psi 10,000 psi 10,000 psi 10,000 psi 10,000 psi

HydrostaticTest 15,000 psi 15,000 psi 15,000 psi 15,000 psi 15,000 psi

Flow Rate, Max. 90,000 scfh/1,500 minute

180,000 scfh/3,000 minute




Weight 20,000 lbs 22,000 lbs 17,500 lbs 36,000 lbs 36,000 lbsLength 160” 168” 132” 264” 264”Width 96” 96” 96” 96” 96”Height 96” 96” 96” 96” 96”

1

Nitrogen Pum

ping Equipment

Vaporization Process

8


atic

Nitrogen Pumping EquipmentVaporization Process


Heat generated by the unit (engine water, hydraulic oil, and lube oil) is transferred to a cool-ant mixture via the:

- Lube heat exchanger,- Hydraulic heat exchanger, and- Engine heat exchanger.

On larger units (360k or bigger), an optional exhaust heat recovery is also utilized. How-ever, these are not found on the 90k and 180k units.

And finally, some heat is generated by a water brake (commonly referred to as the dyno or dynomomter). The water brake consists of friction plates (rotors and stators). As the cool-ant mixture passes through these friction plates, it becomes hotter.

The coolant mixture is a mixture of water and glycol. A larger percentage of water is used in desert locations where freezing is not a problem. Please note, the ratio of water to glycol will affect the performance of the unit. If you alter this ratio, your unit will perform differently. Why? Because water transfers heat better than glycol. The glycol is required to prevent components from rusting and the water from freezing.

The heat from the coolant mixture must now be transferred to the nitrogen. This takes place at the heat exchanger commonly referred to as the vaporizer.

Consider the coolant tank as the starting point while tracking the coolant mixture around the unit. The coolant mixture is taken from the tank, into the water pump to be pumped to the vaporizer (entering in a "heated" state but leaving in a much "cooler" state). Next, the cool-ant mixture flows through the lube, hydraulic, and engine heat exchangers. From there, fluid can be diverted to the water brake (during operations) and finally back to the coolant tank.

p

Simple View of the Coolant Flow Path

3


Water Pump (also referred to as the Coolant Pump)

This is a positive displacement vane pump which propels the coolant mixture through the coolant circuit.

Vaporizer

This is the only point where heat is transferred to the nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen enters the vaporizer (at approximately -320°F) through a piece of stainless tubing. Inside the vapor-izer, the tubing is coiled tightly together so that a large amount of tubing is inside. Nitrogen exits the vaporizer in a gaseous state (maximum approximately 120°F).

Also entering the vaporizer is the coolant mixture which floods the vaporizer and flows around the tubing bundle at a pressure of 80 to 150 psig.

The gaseous N2 temperature is controlled by the:

- Liquid N2 flow rate through the triplex cold ends, and- the inlet coolant mixture temperature and flow rate. This coolant loop temperature is

manually controlled to maintain a steady input to the vaporizer between 100° to 140°F (maximum 180°F).

This discharge gas is normally measured in SCFM (Standard Cubic Feet per Minute) or SCMM (Standard Cubic Meters per Minute) and shown on the control panel as the Pump Rate. This "nitrogen discharge rate" is a calculated figure using a magnetic pickup reading from the triplex (measuring the number of strokes) multiplied by an efficiency factor (e.g., 87%), and displayed in SCFM or SCMM. Note, there is no flow meter to monitor the exact amount of gas being pumped into the well.

Heat Exchangers

There are two basic types of heat exchangers utilized:

- the shell and tube heat exchanger (on new units), and - the plate heat exchanger (on older units).

Both function virtually the same. A heat exchanger normally has two isolated fluid paths. As two different temperature fluids flow through these paths, the higher temperature fluid gives up heat to the fluid at the lower temperature.

In the shell and tube type heat exchanger, the colder fluid flows through a tube. This tube is tightly wrapped inside the shell. The warmer fluid enters the shell and surrounds the tube. Consequently, the fluid inside the tube becomes warmer.

Lube Heat Exchanger

When the coolant mixture leaves the vaporizer, it passes through the lube heat exchanger. The coolant mixture is cooler than the lubrication oil passing by it. Consequently, a percent-age of the heat from the lubrication oil is transferred into the coolant mixture. It's main pur-pose is to control the lube oil tank temperature.

In cold weather, a reverse heat exchange is possible--the coolant loop (warmed by use of the water brake) transfers heat to the lube oil. This is desirable because it allows the unit to warm up faster, thus being able to start operations sooner.

Hydraulic Heat Exchanger

After leaving the lube heat exchanger, the coolant mixture enters the hydraulic heat exchanger. This allows the coolant mixture to absorb additional heat created from the hydraulic circuit. However, the hydraulic heat exchanger's main purpose is to control the hydraulic tank temperature.

4

Nitrogen Pum

ping Equipment


5

In cold weather, a reverse heat exchange is possible--the coolant m

ixture (containing fluid w

armed by use of the w

ater brake) transfers heat into the hydraulic oil. This is desirable because it allow

s a cold unit to warm

up faster, thus starting operations sooner.

Water Plum

bing Installation

Nitrogen Pum

ping Equipment


6

Typical Coolant Schem

atic


Engine Heat Exchanger (not the radiator)

After leaving the hydraulic heat exchanger, the coolant mixture enters the engine heat exchanger. This allows the coolant mixture to absorb additional heat created by the engine "cooling" system (radiator water). It also helps control the engine temperature. The amount of heat transfer varies depending on the horsepower draw or the engine load.

If the engine is having to work hard, it will generate more heat in the radiator system. This heat is transferred to the coolant mixture and transferred again to heat the LN2 to a gas.

For example, the engine is capable of producing 540 horsepower. If you are pumping at maximum rate and 1,000 psi discharge pressure, you may only use 200 horsepower to drive the triplex. Little heat is created by the engine. Therefore, the water brake will have to be used.

However, if you are pumping at maximum rate and 10,000 psi discharge pressure, you may use 350 horsepower to drive the triplex. More heat is created by the engine. Consequently, the water brake is used less or not at all.

Exhaust Heat Recovery (Optional on larger units)

Some larger nitrogen units (360,000 SCFH and larger) may use water cooled manifolds or an exhaust heat exchanger or both. By use of secondary or direct heat exchangers, the exhaust heat is transferred into the coolant fluid.

Power Control Valve and Back Pressure Valve

The "Back Pressure Valve" is set at Hydra Rig for maximum performance and should not be adjusted. It is set to the required pressure to feed the water brake via the "Power Control Valve." It also allows the coolant mixture to go directly back to the coolant tank.

Coolant mixture going to the water brake is controlled by the "Power Control Valve." If the "Power Control Valve" is closed, the water brake is still lubricated with the coolant mixture through the "Bleed Water" line.

Remember, the water pump (or coolant pump) is a positive displacement vane pump. If it is running and both valves are closed, something will fail.

Water Brake

Hydra Rig commonly refers to the water brake as the "dynamometer," "dyno," or "hydromatic brake." These terms are often used interchangeably.

The water brake consists of "friction plates" or rotors and stators. When the engine is run-ning, the rotors are always turning. The speed of the rotors is controlled by the speed of the engine. However, the operator should not adjust the engine rpm up and down but rather open and close the "Power Control Valve" to control the heat of the coolant mixture.

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Nitrogen Pum

ping Equipment


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atic

Nitrogen Pum

ping Equipment

Controls & Indicators

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Controls &

IndicatorsM

ost of the controls and indicators needed to control the system are contained on the con-

trol panel (some behind, below, or beside the panel). The panel show

n below is a "stan-

dard" control panel.

Control Panel For A "Standard" C

losed Loop System

Nitrogen Pumping EquipmentNitrogen Tanks

Nitrogen Tanks

Nitrogen tanks consist of two tanks (a stainless steel inner and carbon steel outer tank). The tank piping is made of stainless steel while the fittings are made of cast bronze.

Insulation is placed between the two tanks to keep the inner vessel as cold as possible. The insulation is either perlite or super-insulated material. You will find old tanks that used per-lite. New tanks are manufactured with the super-insulated material (40 layers of fiber paper and aluminum).

A vacuum is pulled between the tanks to get rid of all the air. Air will transfer heat. The vac-uum level can be checked at any time using a special electronic gauge which measures in microns. The vacuum is pulled by connecting a vacuum machine to the evacuation valve on the front of the tank.

[

Hydra Rig Nitrogen Tank

Acceptable Vacuum Levels1. For perlite-insulated tanks:

- 200 microns or less while cold (with LN2 in the tank), or- 800 microns or less while warm (without LN2 in the tank).

2. For super-insulated tanks: - 50 microns or less while cold (with LN2 in the tank), or- 200 microns or less while warm (without LN2 in the tank).

Low pressure tanks will typically lose about 0.75% of LN2 per day.

Pressure Ratings

Most inner vessels are not designed to withstand external pressure (i.e., 2 psi may be enough to collapse the inner vessel). The inner vessel is made of stainless steel. It is pres-sure tested to 1 1/2 times working pressure.

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During a job, a common low pressure tank pressure should be maintained at approximately 30 psig. This can be monitored by using the pressure gauge labeled TANK PRESSURE. The main popoff attached to the tank is set by Hydra Rig at 43 psig. There are also two burst discs valves (one is optional) attached to the tank which are set at 53 psig as an added safety feature. These burst discs are made of aluminum and plastic. While transporting the tank, the road relief valve is used. It is set at 15 psig.

The small curved relief valves on the fill, fill / drain, and recirculation lines are set at 200 psi.

Filling The Tank

How full do you fill the tank? Connect your N2 supply to one of the fill lines, open the try-cock, and begin filling the N2 tank. Stop filling the tank when LN2 comes out of the trycock. When this happens, the tank is approximately 95% full. This leaves room for gas expansion.

A gauge on the tank labeled TANK CONTENTS will show the amount of LN2 in the tank measured in "inches of water." A chart is placed on the tank to convert this measurement to gallons. To use this gauge correctly, the three small valves below the gauge (Equalizer Valve, Liquid Valve, and Gas Valve) should all be open.

Nitrogen Tank

Nitrogen Tank

Re liefValv e

Fill / Drain

RecirculationFrontFill

P re ssure Building

BurstDiscs

RoadRe lief

VentRe lief

V aporizing Co ils

43 psiReliefV alve

Rea rFill

Try cock

Eva cuation

ReliefVa lve

Fill / Drain

Recirc ula tionFrontFill

Pressure Building

BurstDisc s

RoadRelief

Ve ntRelie f

43 psiRelie fValve

Re arFill

Trycoc k

Ev acuation

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Saturated LN2

While sitting idle, the LN2 in a tank will gradually absorb heat and generate pressures up to the relief valve setting. This will slightly increase the temperature of the LN2--causing vapor to coexist within the LN2. As the tank becomes hotter, the pressure increases, the LN2 becomes hotter, and more LN2 changes to a gas. This gas remains trapped within the LN2--referred to as saturated nitrogen. Saturated nitrogen means that gas and liquid are in equi-librium at a certain pressure and temperature--it may be a lot of gas or it may be a little gas depending on the pressure and temperature.

There is another reason the LN2 becomes hotter in the tank. Heat is introduced into the LN2 while it is being circulated with the boost pump (due to friction and piping in direct con-tact with the atmosphere). Consequently, even more LN2 changes into a gaseous state. Actually, the warmer gas coexists within the colder LN2--this is what we refer to as "hot LN2."

When the "hot LN2" is recirculated back into the top of the tank. You may hear someone say that "air bubbles enter the tank." It is not air but nitrogen gas entering the tank.

The saturated LN2 will create problems trying to keep the boost pump and cold ends primed. You will have to blow down the tank (vent all the gas off), and then pressure up the tank again to get rid of the vapor trapped in the LN2. The illustration below may help you understand.

"Boiling nitrogen" or "LN2 boiling" refers to the condition when the surrounding area is warmer than the LN2. While the LN2 tries to cool the surrounding area it looks like a pot of water boiling on the stove.

Inside A Nitrogen Tank

HOT LN2-310 F

(too much vaporin the LN2)

N2 Gas

15 psi

15 psi

LN2 Boiling-315 F

(vapor escapes outof the LN2)

N2 Gas

10 psi

10 psi

WHILE VENTING

Cold LN2-320 F

(most of the vapor is nolonger in the LN2)

N2 Gas

0 psi

0 psi

AFTER VENTING

Cold LN2-320 F

(vapor escapes outof the LN2)

N2 Gas30 psi

30 psi

READY TO PUMP

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Nitrogen Pumping EquipmentTroubleshooting

Troubleshooting(A) Engine Starter Not Turning Over

(B) Engine Cranks But Will Not Start

(C) Engine Misfiring

(D) Engine Stalls

(E) Erratic Engine Speed

Probable Cause RemedyNo Air Pressure Check system air pressureFaulty Start Button Insure start valve is pressurizing diaphragm valveCheck Diaphragm Valve (Dump Valve to Starter) to be sure it is opening and deliver-ing air supply to starter

Remove air pilot line and push start button. If good air pressure and volume comes through pilot line, re-install pilot line. Remove supply hose to starter, push start button. If diaphragm valve opens and dis-charges large air volume, the valve is all right

Starter seized If you are sure starter is getting good air volume and pressure, but starter will not turn, remove and repair or replace as necessary.

Probable Cause RemedySlow cranking speed Refer to A

Low ambient temperature Using starting aid (ether) below 15°F. Check engine manual to be cer-tain ether starting is approved

Engine not getting fuel Check fuel tank level, fuel filters, fuel lines, valves, supply and return, and fuel pump

Check Normal Kill cylinder to see if it is stuck in Kill position Repair or remove and replace normal kill cylinder

Throttle linkage binding Check linkage and make adjustments as necessaryPoor quality fuel, incorrect fuel or water in fuel Drain fuel, change filters, and replace fuel

Improper oil viscosity Drain oil, change filters, and replace oilCheck the Emergency Kill “Flapper” to see if it is in closed position.

Reset Emergency Kill “Flapper”.

Probable Cause RemedyPoor quality fuel Drain fuel, change filters, and replace fuelAir in fuel system Check for air in fuel system mainly on suction side of fuel pump.Broken or leaking fuel lines Check for fuel leaks and replace defective partsRestrictions in fuel lines Check fuel flow. Replace fuel lines as necessaryLow fuel pressure Check fuel level and kinks in fuel lines. Change fuel filtersDefective fuel injectors or pump Contact authorized engine repair representative

Probable Cause RemedyFuel tank vent plugged Check tank vent and repair as necessaryLow fuel supply Refer to C, Item 5High parasitic loading (e.g., LN2 pump hydraulic pump speed control.)

Check for engine loading during starting

Probable Cause RemedyAir leaks in fuel suction line Check for air leaks and repair as necessaryThrottle linkage loose Check throttle linkageEngine governor problems Contact authorized repair representative

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(F) Low Power

(G) Engine Over-Heating

(H) Low Engine Oil Pressure

(I) Oil In Coolant

(J) Coolant In Oil

Probable Cause RemedyRestrictions in air intake sys-tem, clogged air filter

Check air pressure in air inlet manifold. Replace air filter and make necessary repairs to air system

Poor fuel quality Refer to B, Item 6Damaged or restrictions in throttle linkage Check linkage, adjust or replace if necessary

Emergency Kill “Flapper” par-tially closed Check “Flapper”, reset or repair as necessary

Normal Kill cylinder partially extended Reset cylinder or Repair as needed

Probable Cause RemedyCoolant level low Determine cause, replace defective parts and replace coolantExpansion tank cap Replace expansion capDefective thermostat Replace thermostatDefective coolant pump Replace coolant pumpFan not engaging fully (full RPM) or turning Inspect fan speed. Repair as necessary

Probable Cause RemedyCoolant level low Determine cause, replace defective parts and replace coolantExpansion tank cap Replace expansion capDefective thermostat Replace thermostatDefective coolant pump Replace coolant pumpFan not engaging fully (full RPM) or turning Inspect fan speed. Repair as necessary

Probable Cause RemedyOil leakage, low level Check for leaks and repair as necessaryIncorrect oil viscosity Drain oil, change filters and replace oilDefective oil gauge Replace oil gaugeClogged oil filter Replace oil and filtersDefective oil pump Contact authorized repair representative

Probable Cause RemedyDefective oil cooler core or seals Contact authorized repair representative

Blown head gasket Contact authorized repair representative

Probable Cause RemedyDefective oil coolant core or seals Contact authorized repair representative

Blown head gasket Contact authorized repair representativeDefective coolant pump Contact authorized repair representativeCylinder sleeve seals failure Contact authorized repair representative

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(K) Low Flow Rate To Unit From LN2 Tank

(L) Moisture In Stem Packing

(M) Boost Pump Will Not Turn

(N) Triplex Pump Will Not Rotate

(O) Water Brake Will Not Build Heat In The Coolant Circuit

For properties and uses of Nitrogen, please see the General Section of this handbook

Probable Cause RemedyLow tank pressure Increase tank pressureSupply valve not fully open Open valve fully on LN2 tank and skidReturn valve closed or par-tially closed Open valve fully on LN2 tank and skid

Suction strainer on LN2 tank clogged Clean or replace strainer

Suction strainer on skid clogged Clean or replace strainer

Clogged piping or transfer hoses Inspect piping and hoses to insure free flow

Probable Cause RemedyMoisture in stem packing Thaw valve and dry out packing

Probable Cause RemedyHydraulic valve closed at boost pump Open valve

Locked up from ice formation Turn the shaft coupling with a pipe wrench. Do not use excessive force. If pump will not turn, thaw out and dry out pump

Suction valve to hydraulic pump closed Open valve

Defective hydraulic pumpDisconnect motor supply hose. Plug hose and cap motor. Test pump pressure if pump does not build pressure. Check system relief valve. If relief valve is all right, remove and replace pump

Probable Cause RemedyOver pressure shutdown is active or tripped Reset to operating position

No hydraulic charge pump pressure

Check flushing valve by plugging off outlet flushing valve. If pressure is good, remove flushing valve and repair or replace as required

Check pump drive coupling to insure drive components are not slipping off input shaft

Replace damaged or broken drive coupling

Check main system pres-sure. If pressure rises above required to drive Triplex, one of the following is locked up:Hydraulic drive motor, Reduc-tion gear box or Triplex pump

Remove Triplex dump drive coupling. Attempt to rotate Triplex. If hydraulic motor and reduction gear box rotate, the Triplex is locked up. If the motor and reduction gear box do not turn, remove motor from the gear box and attempt to rotate motor. If the hydraulic motor rotates, the gear box should be repaired or replaced. If the hydraulic motor does not turn, repair or replace the hydraulic motor

Probable Cause Remedy

Coolant pump is not operating Check hydraulic drive system. If hydraulic system is turning pump, but pump is not building pressure, repair or replace coolant pump

Coolant pressure too high and coolant flow output low

Check return filter for blockage. Check lines for obstructions. Check back pressure system for closed gate valve or malfunctioning back pres-sure relief valve

Water brake inlet valve is not supplying the water brake properly

Open water brake load valve enough to reduce RPM of engine by 200 RPM. If it is not possible to reduce engine RPM by 200 RPM, remove water brake supply hose and measure supply flow at maximum engine RPM. Flow must be 25 GPM to generate full load at the water brake

After checking all of the above, unit will not perform Contact Hydra Rig Customer Service Department for technical support

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CTHB

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