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Title: The Practice of TOD in the Urban Eco-Renaissance-CADRE Skyscraper &New GZ North Railway Station

Author: Huijing Huang, Architect, Guangzhou Design Institute

Subjects: Architectural/DesignBuilding Case StudyUrban Infrastructure/Transport

Keywords: ConnectivityInfrastructureIntegrated DesignTransportationUrban DesignUrban Planning

Publication Date: 2016

Original Publication: Cities to Megacities: Shaping Dense Vertical Urbanism

Paper Type: 1. Book chapter/Part chapter2. Journal paper3. Conference proceeding4. Unpublished conference paper5. Magazine article6. Unpublished

© Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat / Huijing Huang

ctbuh.org/papers

http://ctbuh.org/papers

298 Transit Oriented Development and Other Urban Infrastructure | 以公共交通为导向的开发(TOD)和其它城市基础设施

The Urban Problems and the Background of Urban Development

The Urban ProblemsIn the face of the scarcity of urban land and farmland, in the face of the deterioration of the urban ecological environment, and in the face of the massive spread of urban sprawl and the development of Old Town being flabby and weak, the aim of urbanization has changed to a plan for functional transformation of land use and urban structure optimization, from the attraction of an urban population and high construction speeds.

The Background of the Urban Development Structure – Transformation in Guangzhou In the new period of Guangzhou today, the industrial enterprises, especially enterprises that produce environmental pollution, have moved away from the areas both along the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and in the city center. Through integration with natural and traffic resources, industrial lands have renewed as the new formation of commercial and residential areas with landscaped protection belts. The mode of urban development, which is mainly based on new development

The scarcity of land in the downtown area, in addition to the deterioration of urban environments, has led to urban sprawl and a lack of development in an old city zone. The planning and development mode of the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) provides new power for Guangzhou’s next stage of urban growth. In the meantime, it accelerates Guangzhou’s city management towards a combination of “induction” and “constraint” modes, as well as “market operations” and “legal management.” The creative designs of the CADRE skyscraper complex and the Guangzhou north railway station bring us inspiration not only in the aspect of architectural design, but also in the aspect of “market operations” in city management. The start of the TOD project is the practice of green building design and a chance for a systematic revival of the city.

Keywords: City Revival, Civilization, Eco-renaissance, TOD Practice and Walkable City

城市中心区域土地的稀缺和城市生态环境的恶化导致了城市的无序扩张蔓延和旧城区的发展乏力等种种城市问题。TOD的规划与发展模式为广州在新一轮城市生长过程中带来了新的动力，同时，也将广州推向了“诱导式”与“约束式”相结合、“市场运营”与“法制管控”相结合的更新城市管理模式进程中。凯达尔枢纽文化广场和广州新北站规划设计的创新，不仅从建筑设计领域为我们带来了思考，也在 “市场运营”的城市管理层面为我们带来了思考。TOD项目的启动不仅是绿色建筑设计的实践，也是城市系统性复兴的契机。

关键词：城市复兴、文明、生态-文艺复兴、TOD实践、可步行城市

Abstract | 摘要Huijing Huang | 黄慧菁 Chief Architect/Professor-Senior Architect | 总建筑师/教授级高级建筑师

Guangzhou Design Institute | 广州市设计院

Guangzhou, China | 广州，中国

Huijing Huang is a professor and senior, grade-one registered architect. She also serves as the Deputy Director of the China International Exchange Committee for Tall Buildings (CIECTB), in addition to being a member of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). Huang specializes in several building typologies including skyscrapers, Transit Oriented Development (TOD) commercial complexes, and hotels. Her focus centers around urban design and green building. Her portfolio features projects such as the Pearl River Tower and the CADRE International Plaza.

黄慧菁是教授级高级建筑师及一级注册建筑师,同时也是中国高层建筑国际交流委员会（CIECTB）的副主任和世界高层建筑与都市人居学会（CTBUH）的会员。黄慧菁专门研究几种不同的建筑类型，包括摩天大楼，TOD商业综合体以及酒店。她的关注点集中在城市设计和绿色建筑方面。比较有特色的代表作品有珠江大厦和凯达尔国际广场。

The Practice of TOD in the Urban Eco-Renaissance-CADRE Skyscraper & New GZ North Railway Station | 都市绿色复兴背景下的TOD实践——以凯达尔超高层综合体与新北站城市开发设计为例

城市问题与城市发展的背景

城市的问题面对城市中心区域土地的稀缺，农田被占，城市生态环境的恶化，城市无序扩张不断蔓延和旧城区的发展乏力等种种城市问题。城市化进程逐渐由高速建设以吸引人口到城市用地功能转型，城市结构优化的过程。

广州城市发展结构转变的背景广州进入新的发展时期，工业生产类企业，特别是污染类产业分期搬离沿江区域和城市中心区域，通过自然和交通资源将原工业性土地整合起来，形成新的商贸、居住区和景观保护带。原有以新增量项目为主的城市新区开发，转变为以存量改造项目为主的城市更新或是城市复兴之路。

广州战略规划向注重集约化、生态化方向转变。三大战略枢纽、一江两岸三带、多点支撑”的战略规划策略。一是优化提升一江两岸三带。构建一江两岸三带，就是以珠江为纽带，把沿岸的优势资源、创新要素串珠成链，构筑两岸经济带、创新带和景观带。二是着力建设三大战略枢纽。三大战略枢纽指国际航运枢纽、国际航空枢纽和国际科技创新枢纽。三是形成多点支撑格局。形成广州总部、金融、科技集聚区。特别是高水平规划建设琶洲互联

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CTBUH 2016 Shenzhen · Guangzhou · Hong Kong Conference | 2016年CTBUH深圳 · 广州 · 香港国际会议 299

Figure 1. The evolution figure of the influence of the TOD model on the land development model (Source: ‘Integrative development of city and station’ via Nikken )图1. TOD模式对土地开发模式的影响演变图（来源：《站城一体化开发》日建设计）

Figure 2. Model design elements (Source: Huijing Huang)图2. TOD模式设计要素（来源：黄慧菁）

projects, is transformed into one of urban renovation and revival.

Today, Guangzhou has changed its focus to intensive and ecological planning. Strategic planning concepts include three strategic, integrated transportation hub modes – “one river-two banks-three belts,” with multi-point bracing. This plan is optimized to enhance the riverbanks by three zones.

The “One river-two banks-three belts” concept can be explained as follows. Think of the Pearl River as a link, which integrates the riparian resource and elements of innovation. Just like stringing beads into a chain, it builds across the strait economic, innovative, and landscape belts.

Three strategic transportation hub modes include the International Shipping Transportation Hub, the International Air Transportation Hub, and the International Technology Innovation Hub. This multi-point support pattern means the formation of Guangzhou’s headquarters, finance, and science and technology gathering areas. Particularly, the formation of Pazhou High-Level Internet Innovation Area contributes an extension of the Internet industry chain, accelerating the formation of the “Internet plus” industrial innovation clusters.

The TOD Model and the Opportunity of Different Parts of Guangzhou City Developments

The Transit Oriented Development (TOD) model is a “public transport-oriented” development model. Based on public transportation – which includes the rail transit, the bus lines, and pedestrian walkways – the integrated urban development strategy of businesses, commercial centers, culture and education centers, and residential districts can be established in an area of 400 to 800 meters (about a five to 10-minute walking) distance from the TOD project. The TOD model aims to reduce the dependence of citizens on motor vehicles, especially the use of private vehicles, to encourage people to choose public transport and/or pedestrian traffic (Figures 1 through 3).

Independent Transformation has Gone into Network Traffic

Inter-city railway will play the aorta role in the transportation hub system, and integration

网创新集聚区，迅速促进互联网产业链拓展延伸，加快形成“互联网+”创新产业集群。

TOD模式与广州不同地段城市发展的契机

TOD模式 (Transit-Oriented-Development) 是”以公共交通为导向”的开发模式。其中公共交通主要是轨道交通及公交巴士干线，以公共交通枢纽为中心、400~800m(5-10分钟步行路程)为半径建立集工作、商业、文化、教育、居住等一体化的城市发展策略。旨在减少对机动交通，特别是私人汽车的依赖，鼓励公众使用公共轨道交通及步行（图1-3）。

交通网络独立转变为网络复合

城际轨道交通将成为战略枢纽的主动脉，并与城市轨道、公交交通形成良性微循环促进人与城市经济发展与延伸。城市交通与对外交通不再是独立的交通系统，而是相互联系、相互依托的网络。由大铁、高铁、地铁、城市公交系统构成的交通网络呈现出高效、综合、多元复合的三大特点，新型的交通网络系统形成20KM，1KM，0.5KM的层级递进城市发展网格（图4、5）。

TOD模式引发的土地开发模式变革

以项目为契机，项目经济开发模式由政府为主导变为私有企业开发。土地使用权逐



Figure 3. Global TOD projects (Source: Baidu.com)图3. 全球TOD项目（来源：百度网）

Figure 4. Guangzhou rail transit network (Source: Huijing Huang and related goverment deparments)图4. 广州轨道交通网络集成图（来源：黄慧菁及相关政府部门）

of the MTR transport system, bus lines, and pedestrian walkways will build a well-developed microcirculation while promoting the development of the urban economy and extending the population. Inter-city traffic and external city traffic are no longer independent transport systems, but a traffic network. This traffic network, woven from high-speed railway, inter-city railway, the MTR transport system, bus lines, and pedestrian walkways, has three major characteristics of a highly efficient, comprehensive and complex. The progressively refined urban grid (20 kilometers, one kilometer, and half a kilometer) make up the traffic network system (Figures 4 & 5).

The TOD Model Promotes the Evolution of Land Development

In TOD projects, the leading of project developments has changed hands from the government to private enterprises. The land use right, which was originally owned by publicly owned enterprises such as the Ministry of Railways or the High Speed Rail Company, now has been changed to include a combination of private and publicly owned enterprises.

The land nature of projects is transformed into commercial, residential, and tourist land – a kind of multi-functional composite land – from simple traffic land. Abandoning the traditional layout of flat spaces and streamlines, a TOD space becomes more open and fuller of activity, and is a mode of complex three-dimensional space. It also contributes to human being’s sense of direction and spatial-recognition. Above all, the TOD mode promotes the development of cities in a more open and fair direction.



Figure 5. The evolution of the macro- and micro-urban structures (Source: Huijing Huang and relative goverment deparmentsAuthor and related goverment deparments)

图5. 城市结构宏观和微观模式演变图（来源：黄慧菁、相关政府部门作者及相关政府部门）

The Urban Development-Opportunity

The TOD model is a sustainable development opportunity to combine traffic with land development. It is also an opportunity of remodeling and diversifying urban community atmospheres around a public transport core. Urban morphology and structure is presented as an organic coordination model for the compact development of urban agglomeration (refer to Figure 5).

Historic Districts – “Inducing Type” Green Renaissance

TOD projects can drive the renovation and renewal of the “Old Town.” First of all, it is more important to balance the infrastructure of renovation and cultural protection. In the next place, it will bring environmental improvement and drive the appreciation of land. Last, but not least, it will promote the increase of vitality and attraction in the “Old Town.” (Figure 6).

Case Study of Guangzhou North Station

The concept of Guangzhou North Station planning includes the following: measures of ecological compensation; procedures and measures of compensation for demolition; optimization measures of urban motorized traffic; conservation and restoration of historical and cultural architecture. Each of these elements is detailed below:

• Measures of Ecological Compensation: These include the development of high-strength, high-density, and ecological compensation modes across about four square kilometers of continuous wetland park in the Guangzhou North Station. The most important aspect of this is the ecological self-healing function of the wetland park. In addition, the station building roof garden becomes a part of the city’s slow system.

• Procedures and Measures of Compensation for Demolition: Social fairness means that the order of land development depends on the degree of difficulty and the potential for land appreciation. Mixed lands will be divided into three periods, in which each will have a different purpose – commercial land, residential land, and so on.

Public Interests 公共利益

Private Interests 私有利益

1Protection of historical and cultural heritage; Original appearance of environment and function recovered

历史文化遗产的保护，环境、功能原貌恢复Tourism development | 旅游业发展

2Cityscape; City name card 城市风貌，城市名片

Appreciation of land value; Price leverage to induce economic development | 土地价值提升，价格杠杆诱发经济开发行为

3Increase of traffic capacity; Improved efficiency; Development of underground space; Improved

Infrastructure | 城市风貌，城市名片

Market operators to appreciate the land value; Upgrade the attractiveness of development and employment | 市场运营驱

动土地价值提升，开发与就业吸引力提升

4Social equity

社会公平性体现Economic balance of compensation for demolition and

relocation | 拆迁补偿的经济性平衡

5

Regression of riverside life; Improvement of ecological environment; Reconstruction of riverside open space and

landscape belt | 滨水生活特性回归，自然生态环境改善。滨江公共空间与景观带的重塑。

Appreciate the land value; Upgrade the attractiveness of development and employment | 土地价值提升，开发与就

业吸引力提升

6Resource sharing; Intensive land use; Promotion of

development | 资源共享，集约型土地利用，推动发展Change between private and public land ownership

私有化、公有化土地权属变更

Figure 6. Public Interest vs. Private Interests Table (Source: Huijing Huang)图6. 公共利益 vs. 私有利益图表（来源：黄慧菁）

渐由铁道部或高铁公司公有转变为公有、私有立体复合化。

项目土地性质由原来的单纯性交通用地转化为商业、居住、旅游类多功能复合用地。摒弃传统的平面空间和流线布局,转变为立体交错模式的活力开放空间。这些模式的变更都促进城市向更为开放、公平的方向发展。

城市发展契机

TOD模式是交通与土地开发相结合的可持续性发展契机，以公共轨道交通为核心，重塑或新建多元化的城市社区气氛。城市形态结构呈现为各个城市组团紧凑型开发的有机协调模式（图5）。

• Optimization Measures of Urban Motorized Traffic: This uses “4 + 1” optimization measures. The capacity of transport systems in the new urban planning must meet the new traffic demand. This includes two sub-measures:

º Measure 1: The number eight subway line going in the north-south direction and the number nine subway line going in the east-west direction will transfer on the same floor level. This can solve the traffic needs in north-south direction of the Huadu “Old Town,” as well as the transportation between hub and cohesion.

º Measure 2: Forming the road network system will be a traffic system



历史街区——强调“诱导式”的绿色复兴

交通带动旧城区的复苏与更新，首要的是基础设施的更新和文化保护的问题，其次将带来环境改善和土地升值，最终推动旧城区活力复兴和居住、就业吸引力的增加（图6）。

广州北站案例分析

广州北站概念规划包含以下：生态补偿措施；拆迁补偿的程序与措施；城市机动车交通优化措施；历史文化建筑的保护和修复。各项细节如下：

· 生态补偿措施：广州北站连续四平方公里的湿地公园以高密度高强度生态补偿模式进行开发。其最重要的方面是保护湿地公园的生态自我修复功能。此外，车站屋顶花园成为了城市慢行系统的一部分。

· 拆迁补偿的程序与措施：土地开发的顺序取决于难度和土地升值潜力。混合用地将被分成三个阶段，其中每个阶段都有不同的用途——商业用地、居住用地等。

· 城市机动车交通优化措施：我们使用“4+1”优化措施。新的城市规划中交通系统容量必须满足新的交通需求。其中包含以下两个子措施：

措施1：南北走向的地铁八号线与东西走向的地铁九号线于同层换乘。该措施解决了南北方向上花都“老城”的交通需求，同时也解决了核心区域的交通问题。

措施2：五纵五横的主干道路形成了交通网络系统。这一措施分解为以下列举的四点：

ecosystems in the four-square-kilometer area has a self-regulation system of ecology and landscape. It also forms a complete riverside expressway.

• Conservation and Restoration of Historical and Cultural Architecture: To emphasize on the protection of cultural architecture and the industry consolidation offers a wide range of advantages. The agricultural characteristics of a culture tourist town can be created by combining Zizheng Dafu ancestral temple with the surrounding geographical landscapes.

New Town Area – The Improvement Restriction and Avocation Measures of Codes & Regulations

With TOD the model, there are several key points of land development changes suggested to the guideline of regulations’ renovation (Figure 7).

Figure 8. The case of planning for the ecological park in Guangzhou North Station (Source: Huijing Huang and related goverment deparments)图8. 广州北站的规划生态公园案例（来源：黄慧菁及相关政府部门）

consisting of five horizontal and five longitudinal main roads. This measure is broken down into four elements, listed below:

a. The Yayao highway will be settled on the west side. In the near future, a quick two-way connection of the Yayao highway and Guangzhou north station will be built. The original connection of the Yayao highway and Xinxin Street will remain the same. The measure will shorten the commute between the airport and the TOD by 10 minutes. The measure will also reduce the traffic pressure on Xinxin Street and the planning area.

b. Wangting Lu transitions to an underground tunnel in the cross area of Wangting Lu with the rail way.

c. Widening and dredging Bao Hua Lu and Jin Hua Lu will strengthen the connection to the west area by shunting part of the transportation available on Yunshan Avenue.

d. To adjust riverside road locations in the southern area, the series of water

Regulations and Design Work 法规及设计工作

Pre-Guidelines 先导性

1Urban planning and design guidelines should be prioritized

规划与城市设计导则先行

Under legal control, position and land condition guidelines should be prioritized

法制管控前提下定位先导和土地条件先导

2The design and construction of transportation and infrastructure should

be prioritized生态规划先行

Traffic condition guidelines交通条件先导

3Ecological planning should be prioritized

生态规划先行Eco-regional guidelines生态区域性统筹先导

4

Government coordination services; Development fund services and platforms; Privatization of land ownership; Complex land development

rights; Stimulation of radiation lead roles of the development 政府协调服务先行。开发资金筹措先行。私有化、公有化土地权属变更先行。土地权属的复合化开发先行，激发开发行为的辐射带动作用。

Resource-sharing guidelines 资源共享先导

Figure 7. Regulation Renovation Table (Source: Huijing Huang)图7. 法规革新图表（来源：黄慧菁）



Figure 11. the plan view of CADRE International Plaza (Source: Guangzhou CADRE investment co., LTDGuangzhou CADRE investment co., LTD )图11. 凯达尔枢纽国际广场平面图（来源：广州凯达尔投资有限公司）

Figure 9. The overall planning of Guangzhou railway system (Source: Huijing Huang and relative goverment deparments Author and related goverment deparments )图9. 广州铁路整体区域规划（来源：黄慧菁、相关政府部门作者及相关政府部门）

Figure 10. Guangzhou-Dongguan-Shenzhen intercity rail lines planning analysis (Source: Huijing Huang and related goverment deparments)图10. 穗莞深城际轨道线路规划分析（来源：黄慧菁及相关政府部门）

A Combination of Information and the TOD Model in the Era of Big Data

Big Data Integration = Aggregation & Divergence + Information Statistics & TransfersBased on the application of Internet information technology, the integration of information technology and industrialization greatly promotes the efficiency of industrial production. The “magic” of Big Data is not only to collect along traffic lines, but also to conduce to highly efficient transportation through “Custom Style,” while also to providing credit and safety information through data

analysis for the government in addition to highly efficient production information and fast-business, and avoiding the imbalance between supply and demand in the modern industrial age (Figure 8).

A Case Study of CADRE International TOD Plaza

CADRE International TOD Plaza is located in the Xintang district of Guangzhou in the eastern residential and industrial area (Figures 9 through 11). There are two towers:

a. 在西侧设立雅瑶高速公路。在不久的将来，一条连接雅瑶高速公路和广州北站的快速双向道路将会建成。原先连接雅瑶高速公路和新兴街的道路将保持原状。这一措施将减少10分钟机场与TOD间的通勤时间，也将缓解新新街以及规划地区的交通压力。

b. 望亭路将在铁路与望亭路交汇处改造为地下隧道。

c. 拓宽并疏通宝华路和金华路，将云山大道上的一部分交通分流至此，加强其与西部的联系。

d. 调整南部的滨河道路选址，使四平方公里地区的水体形成可自动调节的



Figure 12. The analysis of CADRE International Plaza (Source: Guangzhou CADRE investment co., LTD )图12. 凯达尔枢纽国际广场理念分析图（来源：广州凯达尔投资有限公司）

Figure 13. The renderings of CADRE International Plaza (Source: Guangzhou CADRE investment co., LTD)图13. 凯达尔枢纽国际广场效果图（来源：广州凯达尔投资有限公司）

the West Tower is 245 meters tall and the East Tower is 215 meters tall. This project includes a 50-meter-high podium holding 110,000-square-meter shopping mall. There are four floors in the underground space, which has two floors of commercial areas. The most interesting thing is that this gigantic space also features two kinds of railway transport stations: one is Sui Wan Shen inter-city traffic, which will connect the Guangzhou Baiyun airport, the Shenzhen airport, and the Hong Kong airport with two platforms and four rails; and the other is a transfer station between the number thirteen subway and the number sixteen subway, which will connect the urban town of Guangzhou and the Zengcheng district area. The significant character of CADRE International TOD Plaza is that the inter-city traffic goes through the shopping mall on the fourth floor.

Design FocusThe characteristics of the hub and the turning point of the Xintang development is that it is the first case of TOD in China.

ConceptThe concept is inspired by a rocky mountain and canyon, featuring a high-tech, green architectural design.

生态系统和景观，并形成完整的滨河快速路。

历史文化建筑的保护和修复：强调文化建筑保护与产业融合为该项目提供了广泛的优势。资政大夫祠和周边的地理景观一道形成了文化旅游镇的农业特征。

新城市街区——强化“约束式”和“倡导性”法规的先导性

新城市街区TOD模式对土地开发重心转变为法规先导性的体现（图7）。

信息时代与TOD模式的结合——大数据时代

大数据集成=人员的聚集与发散+信息统计与传送基于互联网基础上的信息化应用，其信息化与工业化的融合，使工业制造的生产效率得到大规模提升。大数据真正的“魔力”不仅在于通过交通沿线的采集，有利于通过“定制式交通”实现出行的高效化；也可以通过数据采集分类分析提供为政府部门提供信用、安全信息；还更可实现对沿线及辐射区域商业提供高效的“生产”信息，满足“快商业”模式需求，避免现代工业时代供需失衡的矛盾（图8）。

凯达尔枢纽国际广场的设计探索

凯达尔枢纽国际广场位于广州新塘区东部的居住工业区（图9-11）。分别有两座塔楼，东塔高245米，西塔高215米。50米高的裙房容纳了110,000平方米的购物商场。地下空间共四层，其中两层用作商业区。最有趣的是这个巨大的空间连接了两种铁路交通枢纽：一个是穗莞深城际轨

Regional and Transportation Planning Problems of the Project:

Function Goal of Roads Around the SiteWhen urban land is limited, it is necessary to migrate and evacuate transit traffic based on regional traffic management instead of site traffic management.

Transfer Facilities – The Station Core and the City CorridorThe regional coordination of parking and the intelligent traffic control should contribute to the public transfer of the TOD (Figure 12).

Change of Social Values from the Start of CADRE International TOD Plaza: The concept of green travel is utilized by



Figure 14. The renderings of CADRE International Plaza (Source: Guangzhou CADRE investment co., LTD )图14. 凯达尔枢纽国际广场效果图（来源：广州凯达尔投资有限公司）

encouraging citizens to reach destinations by bicycle or by foot.

Concept of Space: The Station Core and the City Corridor provided are also available for zero-transfer (Figure 13).

Fire Protection Design: The Station Core and the City Corridor provide safe spaces for people and a huge storage area for smoke. They are also easily recognizable.

Structure and Vibration Isolation: The avoidance of transit vibration and noise from the railway is the most important quality guarantee of TOD project.

Other Problems

Roles Innovation: First of all, the government should provide a platform for resource-integration and resourcea, instead of the leader roles. Secondly, developers and real estate personnel play the main role of resource integration from the single role of investment. It is worthy that architects will play the role of integrating the multiple needs of both the public and private sectors, instead of working only as designers.

Institutional Improvement: This includes organization, policy, and system improvements. The Government provides policy guidelines and attracts private organizations or civil societies involved in projects and urban innovation activities, according to a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model.

Policy and Codes Improvement: This includes policy and codes improvement of examination (Figure 14).

Summary

The TOD model will bring a new driving force for the social advancement and urbanization process of Guangzhou. At the same time, it will push Guangzhou to integrate between “inducing” and “restriction” types, to a combination of “market operation” and “legal system control” in the processes of urban innovation. Two TOD projects in Guangzhou bring us these new concepts, not only in the field of architectural design, but also in the market operation of urban management. TOD projects also not only practice the use of green technology, but also showcase opportunities for urban revival.

道，通过两个站点和四条轨道连接广州白云机场，深圳机场和香港机场；另一个是广州地铁13号线和16号线的中转站，将连接广州城镇和增城区。位于商场四层的城际交通是凯达尔枢纽国际广场最突出的特征。

设计关注点枢纽特性，新塘发展的转折点，中国TOD模式转变的第一案例。

概念灵感来源于山与峡谷，高科技绿色建筑设计。

区域规划与交通

道路的功能目标当用地有限时，需发挥城市交通规划的统筹性，将过境交通的外移，并通过立体交通方式解决多点到达与多点疏散问题。

换乘配套考虑一定数量的公共换乘中转站问题，并应区域性统筹停车，智能管控枢纽区交通峰值（图12）。

价值观转变绿色出行概念需通过鼓励市民使用自行车或步行方式抵达目的地来实现。

空间构思车站核与城市走廊为“交通”中的人提供的空间，实现“零换乘”（图13）。

消防设计“零换乘”车站核与城市走廊消防设计的突破。步行街概念，光导通风空间提供天然的导向指引，并提供自然排烟的安全空间。

结构与隔振品质保障，控制轨道交通振动及噪音的不利干扰。

其它问题

角色变革：首先，政府角色由领导转变为资源与服务供给方，并提供资源整合的平台。第二，开发商角色由单纯的投资开发转变为资源整合。值得关注的是建筑师角色，由单纯的设计角色转变为多方需求的整合方以及公共利益需求的平衡者。

制度变革：包括机构的变革、政策的变革和体系的变革。政府提供政策的指引，引入民间团体、私人公司等非政府机构(PPP公私合营模式)。

政策和规范变革：包括审批方式的政策和规范的变革（图14）。

总结

TOD规划与发展模式为广州在新一轮城市生长过程中带来了新的动力，同时，也将广州推向了“诱导式”与“约束式”相结合、“市场运营”与“法制管控”相结合的更新城市管理模式进程中。凯达尔枢纽文化广场和广州新北站规划设计的创新，不仅从建筑设计领域为我们带来了思考，也在 “市场运营”的城市管理层面为我们带来了思考。TOD项目的启动不仅是绿色建筑设计的实践，也是城市系统性复兴的契机。


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