CTBUH_2011.pdf

Tall buildings: design, construction and operation | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy at Millennium Park, Chicago

Residential Towers in Central Business Districts

The Tallest Twenty in 2010

2010: A Tall Building Review

CTBUH JournalInternational Journal on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

2 | Residential Towers in Central Business Districts CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

How Tall – Then and Now

It was a different financial climate when the

Legacy was envisioned, yet the condominium

building stands today as a successful example

of what is possible for residential density in a

“These buildings serve growing segments of the population who desire amenity-rich lifestyles and safe urban homes. They serve cities that desire significant real estate tax revenues, as well as local businesses, which desire the potentially substantial purchasing power of new urban residents.” Though the halcyon days (from an architect’s perspective) of city skylines dotted with tower cranes atop lofty infill projects are a distant memory, tall residential buildings in central business districts remain integral to the establishment and maintenance of sustainable cities. Demographics – populations colorfully identified as empty nesters, echo-boomers, and generation Y – and anyone attracted to living more sustainably, will continue to create demand for urban multi-family housing projects. Whether the economy supports developments for apartments, condominiums or ultimately a balance of both, good design makes the difference: design that promotes a sense of place, is responsive to the human scale, and creates environments for livable, sustainable density. This paper focuses on the tall building specific issues of planning, designing, developing and constructing a residential skyscraper in a historic, high-density and business dominated urban environment. It draws on the experience of The Legacy at Millennium Park project, a 72-story condominium tower rising from the heart of Chicago’s Downtown Loop District.

Figure 1. Chicago’s iconic skyline: The Legacy at Millennium Park reaches skyward from the historic commercial Loop © Tom Rossiter Photograpy © SCB

Gary Klompmaker

The High LifeResidential Towers in Central Business Districts

Authors

Peter Noone, Principal Gary Klompmaker, Associate Principal Crista Sumanik, Communications Consultant

Solomon Cordwell Buenz (SCB)625 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 800Chicago, Illinois 60611

t: +1 312 896 1100 f: +1 312 896 1200www.scb.com

Peter Noone

Peter Noone, AIA, oversees the coordination and management of all professional disciplines in the delivery of a range of building types for SCB studios in Chicago and San Francisco, from tall mixed-use residential developments such as the Legacy at Millennium Park, to corporate headquarters, retail, and large institutional facilities.

Mr. Noone is a guest lecturer at the “High-rise Studio” at the University of Notre Dame, and has presented to the School of Architecture at IIT. He has been a guest critic at the University of Notre Dame, and the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. He has edited and contributed to the Journal of the School of Architecture, University of Illinois at Chicago.

Gary Klompmaker

In a career spanning 27 years, Gary Klompmaker, AIA, has focused his practice on the design of residential developments, many of them high-rise. These projects include multi-family mixed-use, as well as designs for senior living.

Mr. Klompmaker earned his Bachelors and his Masters of Architecture from the University of Michigan.

Crista Sumanik

Crista Sumanik is a communications consultant who has worked for both the Chicago and San Francisco offices of Solomon Cordwell Buenz. She has 15 years experience writing and editing for a range of media, both as a television journalist and with in-house communications teams. In Hong Kong, Ms. Sumanik was Executive Producer of an award winning nightly newscast for CNN International. In Canada, she was Associate Producer of the nation’s top-rated morning news and current affairs show.

Peter Noone

Crista Sumanik

historic commercial city center. The 250-meter

(822-foot) tall, 356-unit tower is stimulating

economic growth and reinvigorating an

important urban neighborhood in Chicago’s

Loop. It has defined new standards for

Residential Towers in Central Business Districts | 3CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

efficient and sustainable design and has

responded to a city’s vision to evolve its iconic

skyline (see Figure 1).

When the Legacy Project was first proposed

early in 2002, city planners were actively

engaged with the external design community

in re-evaluating policies affecting the

construction of tall buildings. There were no

height limits for buildings in the downtown

area per se, with maximum height governed

by buildable floor area ratios negotiated in a

planned development process that considers

what works best for each project site. Still, as

the city expanded eastward, planners were

concerned with how best to advance the

skyline while protecting the context of the

Grant Park area and the historic Michigan

Avenue street wall, which defines the

dramatic eastern edge of Chicago’s

downtown. There was a general design

guideline to keep heights in the area around

120 meters (400 feet), while north of Grant

Figure 2. View of the Legacy from Chicago Art Institute Extension © Tom Rossiter Photograpy

Park a significant amount of the taller

buildings reached heights of 240 to 300

meters (800 to 1,000 feet ). Samuel Assefa,

now Senior Urban Designer for the City of

Boulder, Colorado, was director of Land Use

and Planning Policy for the city of Chicago at

that important time and states, “From a design

perspective, we wondered how to mirror the

development at the north end of the park in a

sensible way. We determined that technically

and urbanistically, it was better to have

buildings that maximize height and minimize

bulk, with tall and thin better for the urban

form.”

However, new buildings in the urban center

would not just be taller, they would be more

sustainable, and have significant street

presence. Assefa states, “Our focus, primarily,

was the building’s impact on the total urban

environment – physically, sustainably,

economically – to give the city a competitive

Figure 3. Vicinity plan showing the Legacy Tower site between Wabash Avenue and Michigan Avenue and facing eastward to Millennium Park and Lake Michigan © SCB

advantage, but also make it an attractive and

livable place.”

With Mayor Daley’s blessing, the city

established the Chicago Design Initiative – a

group of architects, urban planners, and

landscape designers – as an outside sounding

board on major city design policies. “While

the community was skeptical initially – how

could they make the numbers work to make

these developments possible – through the

planned development review process we

came to agree on not benching the height

but rather creating an interesting profile in the

240 to 300-meter (800 to1,000-foot) height

range all along the western edge of Grant

Park.” (see Figure 2)

Site and Urban Form

Early analysis suggested that along Wabash

Avenue, in the historic Jeweler’s Row


Figure 4. Demolition of vacant structures behind historic façades on Wabash Avenue © Walsh Construction

Figure 5. The restored façades integrated into the base of the Legacy tower, looking south along Wabash Avenue © Tom Rossiter Photography

Figure 6. The cantilevered sky-bridge connecting the 13th floor of the Legacy tower to the adjacent University Club © Tom Rossiter Photography

District, there were several possible sites

where buildings could be set back, made as

thin as possible and extruded to appropriate

heights in skyline profile. This included the site

for the Legacy, which was a significant

determiner of the building’s form. At 60 E.

Monroe Street, the challenging 2,694-square

meter (29,000-square foot) site is surrounded

by landmark buildings, such as Adler and

Sullivan’s oldest surviving design, and several

by Holabird & Root. The developer, Monroe/

Wabash Development purchased the site

from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago

(SAIC), which had previously acquired the site

for future expansion. On the small site were

four existing buildings, one occupied by the

SAIC and landmarked (the Sharp Building, not

part of the purchase), and three vacant

six-story buildings, which were part of the

historic district but not individually

landmarked (see Figure 3).

There was nothing remarkable about the

vacant buildings besides the façades and their

relationship to Wabash Avenue. It was

determined that these buildings would be

demolished, but the historic façades would be

saved, restored, and incorporated into the

base of the tower (see Figure 4).

Comprehensive research by consulting firm

McGuire Igleski and Associates directed the

restoration and the return of the façades to a

period in time when they worked best

together. As a group, they belie the extensive

activity that now exists behind them: on the

first three floors they interact with the street,

retail and dedicated school space, as well as

the city’s elevated train (the “El”). Above the

third floor, the façades discretely hide the

multi-level parking garage. The ground level

façades of the historic Sharp Building,

immediately south of the site, were also

restored.

Some detractors did not consider this

treatment an adequately sensitive

compromise between preservation and reuse,

but Assefa demurs, “That’s a critical debate

that constantly takes place – a hard line taken

by some about what to do with historic

buildings – that if you touch it, it’s gone.

Where we lose sight is not being able to see if

it’s done right – the value that is added to a

historic district, or historic street, or historic

building when a new building is well

integrated. I think that the Legacy and the

Heritage Court (a residential tower at 130 N.

Garland developed by Mesa and designed by

SCB) are good examples of really enhancing

the place and the historic character, and

integrating all of the uses” (see Figure 5).

Scale and Synergy

Respecting the existing urban fabric and

showing utmost sensitivity to placement, the


Figure 7. Temporary supports protecting historic façades, with “El” tracks in foreground © Walsh Construction

Figure 8. Third pour of mat slab with north wall of historic Sharp building to left of site © Walsh Construction

tower was set back 9 meters (30 feet) from the

historic street faces, allowing the Legacy to fit

with its small scaled neighbors. From Wabash,

the 116,129-square meter (1.2 million-square

foot) tower looks like it sits on Michigan

Avenue, while from Michigan Avenue it looks

like it sits on Wabash Avenue. The roughly

triangular typical floor plan maximizes the

number of units with views of Millennium

Park and Lake Michigan to the east, and the

tapered point of the plan provides an

extremely narrow profile for the tower when

viewed from the park.

With the tower oriented and sculpted for the

best possible views from residences on floors

15 to 72, the design team also set to

maximizing the potential synergy between

the building and its neighbors. At street level,

the entrance to the tower is through the first

floor of the existing on-site historic Sharp

Building (owned by the SAIC) with the

parking entrance for the Legacy accessed

through the historic façades on Wabash

Avenue. Incorporated into the first three floors

of the tower are 3,809 square meters (41,000

square feet) of academic space for the SAIC,

with the second and third floors tying directly

into the more than a hundred year-old Sharp

Building adjacent to the site. At the

completion of construction, ownership of the

space was transferred from the Developer to

the SAIC.

Standing beside the Legacy is a landmark,

neo-gothic-inspired Holabird & Root

skyscraper, home of the more than 125

year-old University Club of Chicago. In

exchange for incorporating expanded athletic

amenities (including five new squash courts)

for the University Club on the 13th floor of the

Legacy, reciprocal agreements allow Legacy

residents benefit from the extensive amenities

of the club. The Legacy and the University

Club are connected via a cantilevered

sky-bridge on the 13th floor that is wholly

supported from the tower (see Figure 6).

Ownership of the squash courts and the

sky-bridge were transferred to the University

Club upon completion of that space in the

tower. The Legacy also shares loading dock

space with its neighbors, allowing a previously

congested alley to be cleaned up and

operated efficiently.

Challenges Inspire Innovation

Notwithstanding the challenges of deftly

sculpting a 116,129-square meter (1.2 million-

square foot) building on a 2,694-square meter

(29,000-square foot) site, the lack of any

staging area created many significant design

and logistical challenges that the team, led by

Walsh Construction, needed to manage.

During demolition and construction, a

temporary support system was used to

support the existing Wabash Avenue façades.

With the site surrounded by the Sharp

Building to the south, the Adler & Sullivan

building to the north, the retained façades to

the west, and a narrow shared alley on the

east, all materials and personnel entering the

site had to come through openings in the

retained façades; all of the crane lifted

materials were hoisted within nine meters

(thirty feet ) of the active elevated train tracks,

which are located above Wabash Avenue, just

outside the retained façades (see Figure 7).

Theoretically, site soil conditions and the

dense footprint of the building required that

caisson foundations be extended to the

underlying bedrock, rather than having them

sit on hardpan as is common in Chicago

residential high-rise construction. The project

team worked with city engineers to utilize

Osterberg testing of the bearing strata during

construction, a method to statistically test the

near ultimate capacity of full-sized caissons (or

drilled piers) and obtain information about

their performance. This testing demonstrated

that the optimum solution was to sit the

caissons on top of the bedrock, rather than

socket them into it. As a result, over US$1

million was saved, and the construction

schedule was shortened by 30 days.

Parking requirements necessitated that

spaces be located in a podium beneath the

tower where columns would be tightly

spaced for residential planning. A 2.7-meter

(9-foot) thick mat transfer slab at the 14th floor

allowed for optimal placement of columns


“Besides making cities more affordable and architecturally interesting, tall buildings are greener than sprawl, and they foster social capital and creativity. Yet some urban planners and preserva-tionists seem to have a misplaced fear of heights that yields damaging restrictions on how tall a building can be. From New York to Paris to Mumbai, there’s a powerful case for building up, not out.”

Edward Glaeser in his article, “How Skyscrapers Can Save the City,”

TheAtlantic Magazine, March 2011

efficiently spaced for parking below the tower,

and for ideal column spacing for the

residential floor plan above the slab. The slab

was poured over the course of three weeks in

three separate lifts (see Figure 8).

Sustainable Elements

While seeking creative solutions to technical

and logistical challenges, city planners also

encouraged the development team to push

the envelope with regard to sustainability as a

way to enhance the building experience.

Assefa: “There are so many different ways one

can define sustainability, but to me, the most

important part is quality of life. Can people

actually live comfortably in that space?” While

the evidence was mostly anecdotal at the

time, and has since been proven to have

merit, city planners believed green spaces

within the vertical neighborhood would

improve the residents’ experience. Designers

found opportunities to incorporate sky

gardens – large, common, landscaped spaces

– into the 15th, 42nd and 60th floors (see Figure

9). These interior/exterior public areas are the

high-rise equivalent of the many parks that

dot Chicago’s residential neighborhoods (see

Figure 10).

The Legacy also has a green roof, which is one

of the highest green roofs in the country. At

the time, there was a strong push in the city

to develop green roofs, and as a result,

Chicago now has more

than 371,612 square meters

(4 million square feet) of

green roof area in the city

center. But Assefa says

Mayor Daley’s vision was

bigger than that: “We

wanted to use the Legacy

as a lab to try new ideas and

concepts. The challenge

was, of course, the structure,

but tall buildings also

consume significant energy,

so how could we mitigate

that?” Beyond the actual,

quantifiable impacts of a

green roof, or other

sustainable design

elements, or even LEED

ratings, Assefa says that one

of the most important

impacts of embracing

sustainability is the

opportunity to change

paradigms: “From a city’s

perspective, we were

framing it as ‘good

sustainable policy is good

economic policy;’ good,

well-designed buildings are

good economically for the

developer, but they’re also

good economically for the

...greener

Figure 9. Section looking east toward Lake Michigan shows sky gardens on Level 15, 42, and 60 © SCB


Figure 10. Sky garden on the 15th floor © Walsh Construction

city to have a competitive advantage.” He adds

that changing paradigms is the path to the

eventual acceptance of green as an important

element in a city’s development and

evolution.

Energy Savings

Whereas the traditional approach to

residential construction in Chicago utilizes an

exposed architectural concrete structure as

part of the building envelope, the Legacy is

fully clad with a thermally efficient unitized

curtain wall featuring “low-E” and Argon-filled

insulating glass units. The design of the

high-performance skin features floor-to-

ceiling glass and operable windows for

abundant natural interior lighting and

ventilation; this makes the Legacy more

efficient to heat and cool as compared to

traditional exposed concrete and punched

window buildings of a similar size and scale.

Photovoltaic cells on the top three floors

offset some of the energy used by the

Legacy’s exterior decorative lighting system.

Richard Hanson, CEO of Mesa Development,

takes a more macro view. He asserts that the

Legacy addresses sustainability by adding

density to downtown without taking even

one square foot of ground level space from an

existing use: “Getting people to live

downtown is really important. If you tried to

take 356 residences in a suburban subdivision

context, and you estimated that each

residence required half an acre, that’s about

60 hectares (150 acres) of land just to put the

houses on, and then when you add the roads,

streets, arterial… you’re probably saving four

to five hundred acres of land with just one

building.” Additionally, living within the central

business district means residents are in close

proximity to extensive public transportation

to access work and life pursuits, without the

use of private vehicles.

Its location in the downtown core also

allowed the Legacy to connect to the city’s

district chilled water system, Thermal Chicago,

eliminating the need for three 600-ton water

chillers and associated cooling towers on the

building roof. This means the building is

supplied with 13°C (56°F) water to be used as

a heat sink or source for temperature control.

In addition to the elimination of chillers or

tanks on the roof, the heating/cooling system

uses no chemicals, dumps nothing into the

waste water system and significantly reduced

mechanical noise and heat dissipation on site.

Future Outlook

Residential real estate market fundamentals

are strengthening – albeit more convincingly

in some areas of the country than in others,

depending on size, demographics and

geography – and infill projects in central

business districts are being built, but not to

the heights of recent years. These projects are

returning to levels around fifty stories, the

seemingly optimal height respecting current

cost per square foot thresholds in major

American cities. Increasingly, these

developments are also more balanced

between rental and condominium properties,

and the trend in the short term will continue

to be for developers to offer smaller, more

efficient apartments in amenity-rich buildings

with ample sustainable features.

Still, Hanson says he’s been in the game long

enough to see tough times return to good

times, and he remains a firm believer in tall,

infill developments encouraging density: “Our

population is expected to grow by 100 million

people by the year 2050, which isn’t long from

now. All those people are going to have to

live somewhere, and they can’t live in

somebody else’s basement. So the question

comes about as to where?” Whether

condominiums or apartments, as increased

residential density in CBDs, or more transit

oriented developments in collar suburbs of

major cities, or even as increased relocation of

office hubs to residential areas outside of city

centers, Hanson sees the end of suburban

sprawl and the commuter culture: “The boom

times that this country has had since World

War II are essentially over. We can’t afford

massive single-family homes in sprawling

edge suburbs anymore because we cannot

continue to consume energy like we have

been. Tall infill projects are not being financed

right now, but tall residential buildings are

probably the most critical things to get built.”

Until that happens, the Legacy and similarly

successful residential towers now reaching

skyward from central business districts will

continue to demonstrate what is possible for

this building typology in a downtown

commercial core. These buildings serve

growing segments of the population who

desire amenity-rich lifestyles and safe urban

homes. They serve cities that desire significant

real estate tax revenues, as well as local

businesses, which desire the potentially

substantial purchasing power of new urban

residents. And as architectural statements,

well-designed residential towers provide

opportunities to revitalize the urban

experience, knit multiple and disparate

structures into a seamless urban fabric, and

contribute to the progression and sustainable

growth of America’s cities.

8 | The Tallest Twenty in 2010 CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

(13) Hotel JAL

Tower, Dubai

(16) Lanko

International

Complex Yage

Tower, Chongqing

The following pages contain a brief overview of the twenty tallest buildings completed during 2010, which include seven projects in the UAE (with a combined height of 2,629 meters), seven in China (2,448 meters), two in Russia (558 meters), and one in each of Vietnam (269 meters), Turkey (261 meters), the USA (249 meters) and South Korea (249 meters).

(11) Sulafa Tower, Dubai

(14) Bitexco

Financial Tower,

Ho Chi Minh City

(5) The Index, Dubai (8) Capital City

Moscow Tower, Moscow

(17) Capital City

St. Petersburg Tower,

Moscow

(15) Istanbul

Sapphire, Istanbul

(9) Sky Tower, Abu Dhabi

(12) Shanghai Wheelock

Square, Shanghai (3) Nanjing Greenland Financial

Center, Nanjing

(19) The Legacy at

Millennium Park, Chicago

(7) Ocean Heights,

Dubai

2010: A Year in Review

In a year dominated by news coverage of the

new World’s Tallest Building – Burj Khalifa

– one may be surprised to learn that, besides

being the year in which a building first

surpassed the 600, 700, and 800-meter

thresholds, 2010 has seen the completion of

more skyscrapers than any previous year (see

Tall Building in Numbers, page 12–13).

Including the Burj Khalifa, eight supertalls

were completed among the tallest twenty,

four of which are over 400 meters in height.

These four buildings are now the 1st, 4th, 7th

and 9th tallest buildings in the world. That’s a

40% change in the world’s tallest ten in the

course of a single year! This has not occurred

since 1930 when, led by New York’s Chrysler

Building, four US buildings were added to the

tallest ten list. A quick look at 2010’s tallest

twenty reveals that the UAE and China have

again had an incredible year and together,

account for 14 of the 20 projects. The USA, on

the other hand, barely makes the list (The

Legacy, Chicago at number 19). Vietnam and

Turkey enter the list as newcomers, each

celebrating their first building over 200 meters

in height.

There are now, with 2010’s significant

additions, 50 supertalls around the world, a

19% increase in the course of a single year!

The Tallest Twenty in 2010

The Tallest Twenty in 2010 | 9CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

(6) HHHR Tower,

Dubai

Burj KhalifaDubai, UAE

Height : 828 m/2,717 ft

Building Use: offi ce/residential/hotel

Structural Material: steel/concrete

Total Floors: 163

CTBUH World’s Tallest Building Ranking: 1

Owner/Developer: Emaar Properties PJSC

Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Associate Architect: Hyder Consulting

Structural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

MEP Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Main Contractors: Samsung; Besix Group; Arabtec

International

Commerce CentreHong Kong, China

Height : 484 m/1,588 ft

Building Use: hotel/offi ce

Structural Material: composite

Total Floors: 108


Owner/Developer: Hang Lung Group; Sun Hung

Kai Properties

Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates

Associate Architect: Wong and Ouyang Ltd.

Structural Engineer: Arup

MEP Engineer: J. Roger Preston Limited

Nanjing Greenland

Financial CenterNanjing, China

Height : 450 m/1,476 ft



Total Floors: 66


Developer: Nanjing State Owned Assets &

Greenland Financial Center Co Ltd

Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Associate Architect: ECADI

Structural Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

MEP Engineer: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP

Main Contractor: Shanghai Construction Group

Guangzhou International

Finance CenterGuangzhou, China

Height : 438 m/1,435 ft



Total Floors: 103


Architect: Wilkinson Eyre Architects

Associate Architect: South China Design Institute


MEP Engineer: Arup

1

2

3

4

(1) Burj Khalifa, Dubai

(4) Guangzhou International

Finance Center, Guangzhou

(10) Excellence Century

Plaza Tower 1, Senzhen

(2) International

Commerce Centre,

Hong Kong

(18) Excellence Century

Plaza Tower 2, Senzhen

(20) Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 101,

Hwaseong

SOM | Nick Merrick © Hedrich Blessing 2010

© Michael Weber

© SOM

© Jonathan Leijonhufvud

10 | The Tallest Twenty in 2010 CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

Shanghai Wheelock

SquareShanghai, China

Height : 270 m/886 ft

Building Use: offi ce

Structural Material: concrete

Total Floors: 59


Owner/Developer: Wharf Holdings

Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates

Associate Architect: Leigh & Orange


MEP Engineer: Parsons Brinckerhoff

Sky TowerAbu Dhabi, UAE


Building Use: residential/offi ce


Total Floors: 74


Owner/Developer: Sorouh Real Estate

Development; Tameer Holding Investment

Architect: Arquitectonica

Associate Architect: RW Armstrong; National

Engineering Bureau

Structural Engineer: Hyder Consulting

MEP Engineer: Ian Banham and Associates

Excellence Century Plaza

Tower 1Shenzhen, China




Total Floors: 60


Owner/Developer: Excellence Century Real Estate

Development Co., Ltd.

Architect: Leo A. Daly

Associate Architect: China Construction Design

International

Structural Engineer: China Construction Design

International

MEP Engineer: China Construction Design

International

Sulafa TowerDubai, UAE


Building Use: residential


Total Floors: 75


Architect: National Engineering Bureau

Structural Engineer: National Engineering Bureau

MEP Engineer: National Engineering Bureau

Main Contractor: TAV Construction

9

10

11

12

The IndexDubai, UAE

Height : 326 m/1,070 ft

Building Use: residential/offi ce


Total Floors: 80


Owner/Developer: Union Properties

Architect: Foster + Partners

Associate Architect: Khatib & Alami; Woods

Bagot

Structural Engineer: Halverson & Partners;

Bruechle, Gilchrist & Evans

MEP Engineer: Roger Preston & Partners;

WSP Group

HHHR TowerDubai, UAE

Height : 318 m/1,042 ft



Total Floors: 72


Owner/Developer: Dubai International Real

Estate

Architect: Al Hashemi; Farayand Architectural

Engineering Consultancy

MEP Engineer: Ian Banham & Associates

Consulting Engineers

Ocean HeightsDubai, UAE

Height : 310 m/1,017 ft



Total Floors: 83


Owner/Developer: Damac Gulf Properties LLC

Architect: Aedas Ltd

Associate Architect: ECG Engineering

Consultants Group

Structural Engineer: Meinhardt Ltd

MEP Engineer: Ian Banham & Associates

Consulting Engineers

Main Contractor: Arabtec

Capital City Moscow

TowerMoscow, Russia




Total Floors: 76


Owner/Developer: Capital Group

Architect: NBBJ


MEP Engineer: Arup

5

6

7

8

© Imre Solt

© William Grime

© Tariq Dajani

© Aedas

© Jan Klerks

© William Grime

© Hans-Georg Esch

The Tallest Twenty in 2010 | 11CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

Hwaseong Dongtan

Metapolis 101Hwaseong, South Korea




Total Floors: 66


Owner/Developer: Metapolis Inc.

Architect: KUNWON

Associate Architect: HSS&Associate

Structural Engineer: Chang Minwoo S&C, Midas,

TTG, Do-Hwa

MEP Engineer: Woowon M&E, Samwon MEC

Contractor: POSCO E&C, SHINDONGAH E&C

Lanko International

Complex Yage Tower Chongqing, China




Total Floors: 54


Owner/Developer: Chongqing Kaiyue Real Estate


Architect: Design Institute III Department of

Mechanics, Electronics & Industry

Structural + MEP Engineer: Design Institute III

Department of Mechanics, Electronics & Industry

Main Contractor: Chongqing Urban Construction

Holding (Group) Co., Ltd

Capital City St.

Petersburg TowerMoscow, Russia




Total Floors: 65


Owner/Developer: Capital Group

Architect: NBBJ


MEP Engineer: Arup

Excellence Century Plaza

Tower 2Shenzhen, China




Total Floors: 57


Owner/Developer: Excellence Century Real Estate


Architect: Leo A. Daly

Associate Architect: China Construction Design

International

Structural Engineer: China Construction Design

International

MEP Engineer: China Construction Design

International

The Legacy at

Millennium ParkChicago, USA




Total Floors: 73


Owner/Developer: Monroe/Wabash

Development, LLC; Mesa Development Company

Architect: Solomon Cordwell Buenz

Associate Architect: McGuire Igleski

Structural Engineer: C.S. Associates

MEP Engineer: WMA Consulting Engineers

Contractor: Walsh Construction

17

18

19

20

Hotel JAL TowerDubai, UAE


Building Use: hotel


Total Floors: 60


Owner/Developer: Ghassan Ahmed Al Khaled

Architect: BRT Architekten

Structural Engineer: Anwar El Nimer

MEP Engineer: Ali Sultan

Main Contractor: ACICO Construction

Bitexco Financial TowerHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam




Total Floors: 68


Owner/Developer: Bitexco Land

Architect: Carlos Zapata Studio

Associate Architect: AREP; VNCC

Structural Engineer: Leslie E. Robertson

Associates; VNCC

MEP Engineer: dsa ENGINEERING

Main Contractors: Turner Construction; Hyundai

Industrial Development & Construction

Istanbul SapphireIstanbul, Turkey


Building Use: concrete

Structural Material: residential

Total Floors: 54


Owner/Developer: Biskon Yapı A.Ş

Architect: Tabanlioglu Architects

Structural Engineer: Balkar Mühendislik

MEP Engineer: Gn Mühendislik; HB Teknik

Main Contractor: Biskon Yapı A.Ş

13

14

15

16

© Classic023

© Susmit Dey © William Grime

© CZ Studio

© Murat Germen © Tom Rossiter

© Tom Rossiter

12 | Tall Buildings in Numbers CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

2010: A Tall Building Review

Tall Buildings in Numbers

Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2010: by Country

Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2010: by City

No Building Name City Stories m ft1 Burj Khalifa Dubai 163 828 2717

2 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong 108 484 1588

3 Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Nanjing 66 450 1476

4 Guangzhou Int Finance Center Guangzhou 103 438 1435

5 The Index Dubai 80 328 1076

6 HHHR Tower Dubai 72 318 1042

7 Ocean Heights Dubai 82 310 1017

8 Capital City Moscow Tower Moscow 76 302 989

9 Sky Tower Abu Dhabi 74 291 955

10 Excellence Century Plaza Tower 1 Shenzhen 60 288 945

11 Sulafa Tower Dubai 75 285 935

12 Shanghai Wheelock Square Shanghai 58 270 887

13 Hotel JAL Tower Dubai 60 269 883

14 Bitexco Financial Tower Ho Chi Minh 68 269 882

15 Lanko Int Complex Yage Tower Chongqing 54 268 879

16 Istanbul Sapphire Istanbul 54 261 856

17 Capital City St. Petersburg Tower Moscow 65 257 843

18 Excellence Century Plaza Tower 2 Shenzhen 57 250 820

19 The Legacy at Millennium Park Chicago 73 249 818

20 Hwaseong Dongtan Metapolis 101 Hwaseong 66 249 817

21 The Imperial I Mumbai 60 249 817

22 The Imperial II Mumbai 60 249 817


24 Ocean Two Panama City 73 246 806

25 Marina Bay Financial Center Tower II Singapore 50 245 804

26 Dalian Futures Square 1 Dalian 53 243 797

27 Dalian Futures Square 2 Dalian 53 243 797

28 Tianjin Junlin Tianxia Building Tianjin 88 239 784

29 Sun Tower Abu Dhabi 64 238 779

30 Rolex Tower Dubai 63 235 771

31 Churchill Residence Dubai 61 235 771

32 CCTV Headquarters Beijing 49 234 768

33 Mag 218 Tower Dubai 66 232 761

34 Goldman Sachs Headquarters New York 44 228 749

35 Kaina Business Plaza Changzhou 56 228 748

36 Blue Cross Headquarters Chicago 54 226 743

37 Suseong Leader's View 1 Daegu 57 225 738

38 Suseong Leader's View 2 Daegu 57 225 738


40 Marina Bay Residences Singapore 55 222 728

41 Equity Tower Jakarta 44 220 722

42 CITIC Pacifi c HQ Shanghai 49 219 717

43 Mandarin Oriental Shanghai 49 219 717

44 The Orchard Residences Singapore 56 218 715

45 One Link Walk Guangzhou 53 218 715

46 Sheraton Int Business Center 1 Chongqing 42 218 715

47 Sheraton Int Business Center 2 Chongqing 42 218 715

48 R&F International Center Huizhou 48 218 715

49 Corniche Tower Ajman 53 213 699

50 Al Rostamani Maze Tower Dubai 56 210 689

51 Austonian Austin 56 208 683

52 Vertical City Guangzhou 51 208 682

53 Marina Bay Sands Hotel 1 Singapore 57 207 679



56 Ningbo International Trade Center Ningbo 46 207 679

57 The Vue Charlotte 50 207 677

58 East Pacifi c Center Tower C Shenzhen 40 206 676

59 Northpoint South Tower Pattaya 54 205 673

60 Troika Tower 3 Kuala Lumpur 50 204 670

61 Nassima Tower Dubai 49 204 669


63 L.A. Live Hotel & Condominiums Los Angeles 54 203 667

64 The Pano Bangkok 54 202 664

65 Taehwa River Iaan Exodium Tower 1 Ulsan 54 201 659

66 Taehwa River Iaan Exodium Tower 2 Ulsan 54 201 659

North AmericaAsia Middle East Europe Central America

25

20

15

10

5

0

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Nu

mb

er

Su

m o

f h

eig

hts

(m

)

Number of Buildings (Total = 66)

Sum of Heights (Total = 16,828 m)

UAE

China

Indonesia

Thai

land

Russia

India

Singap

oreUSA

South

Kore

a

Mal

aysia

Panam

a

Turk

ey

Vietn

am

21

11

222

66

8

14

111

5566

4196

13061321

1775

498

246204220407

559

269261

8 Supertalls were completed during 2010 – the most of any year on record. Only one of these is outside China & UAE – Capital City Moscow Tower.

Su

m o

f h

eig

hts

(m

)

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Nu

mb

er

Number of Buildings (Total = 66)

Sum of Heights (Total = 16,828 m)

Singap

ore

Dubai

Chicago

Abu Dhab

i

Shenzh

en

Shan

ghai

Guangzh

ou

Chongqing

Hwas

eong

Dal

ian

Mosc

ow

Mum

bai

Dae

gu

Ulsan

11

3454

2222

3333

4

6

22 2

475529

744708

864

704

923

1306

559486

3454450 498

Note: One tall building 200 m+ in height also completed during

2010 in theses cities: Ajman, Austin, Bangkok, Beijing, Changzhou,

Charlotte, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Huizhou, Istanbul,

Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Los Angeles, Nanjing, New York, Ningbo,

Panama City, Pattaya, and Tianjin

All Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2010 Note: For a detailed “Tallest Twenty in 2010” analysis, see page 8–11

China is the country that dominates the 2010 list, with 3 buildings in the tallest 5 and 32% of the list overall. Asia + the Middle East account for 85% of the list.

Tall Buildings in Numbers | 13CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2010: by Region

The 66 buildings 200 m or taller completed in 2010 are located across 33 cities. Dubai is the city with the most: 11 buildings, with 4 of them being supertalls (300 m+).

Tall buildings 200 meters or taller completed each year from 1960 to 2012

Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2010: by Structural Material

Tall Buildings 200 meters or Taller Completed in 2010: by Function

Number of supertalls (300 m+)

Number of 200 m+ buildings

Projected number of supertalls (300 m+)

Projected number of 200 m+ buildings

Note: 1. We can predict 2011–2012 building completions with some acuracy due

to projects now in advanced construction. From 2013, we expect to see a

drop in the number of tall buildings completed due to the global recession,

until the worldwide economy recovers.

2. Totals after 2001 take into account the destruction of the World Trade

Center Towers 1 and 2

Total numbers of tall buildings over 200 meters

Middle East – 14(21%)

Asia – 42(64%)

North America 6

(9%)

Europe – 3

(5%)

Central America – 1

(1%)

Residential – 30(45%)

Mixed – 17(26%)

Office – 13(20%)

Hotel – 6(9%)

Concrete – 48(73%)

Composite – 14(21%)

Steel 3

(5%)

Concrete/Steel – 1

(1%)

Nu

mb

er

of

bu

ildin

gs

20

0 m

+ c

om

ple

ted

eac

h y

ear

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

01920 20001990198019701960195019401930 20122010

19

60

19

61

19

62

19

63

19

64

19

65

19

66

19

67

19

68

19

69

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

2

765

260

600

144

70

281611116 3 5

8350

2411

21

22 2223

1

8

33333

886 6

5 4 4

11 1111

76

555

1413

13

9

16

27

23

12

15

30

18

30

48

34

26

66

46

97

68

11

22

8

4

1

442 1111122 32 2 21111 1 1 1

20%

42%45%

34%

In the previous year, 2009, North America had 3 buildings in the tallest 5 including the fi rst, second

and fi fth tallest. In 2010 the tallest North American building comes in at #19.

The percentage of offi ce buildings on the list has fallen from 42% in 2009 to just 20% in 2010. Residential has increased from 34% to 45%.

250m

200m

150m

100m

50m

0m

200m

+

14 | Meet the CTBUH CTBUH Journal | 2011 Extracts: The Legacy

1 Be part of the world’s fastest growing, multi-disciplinary network of professionals involved

in the design, construction and operation of tall buildings and urban habitat internationally.

About the CTBUH

Why Join?

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Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza. Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Build

T Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre.Hong Kong New World Tower.

Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.

Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. Ch

Union Bank Centre. Hong Kong New World Tower.

Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza. Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I.

T p International Hotel & Tower.

Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. China World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chry

Tower One. Emirates Tower Two. Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre. Hong Kong New World Tower.

Shim

Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. To

U S Bank Tower United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower. Wuhan World Trade Tow

One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre. P t onas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.

H Kong New World Tower.

JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tower. Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tower. Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhnaya Tower C.

BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel. Burj Khalifa. Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Pl

The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.


U i n Bank Centre.Hong Kong New World Tower.

g q y pp

yp

g q y pp

yp

America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel.

America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel. Burj Khalifa.Burj Khalifa. Capital City Moscow TowCapital City Moscow Tow

Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square.

Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square. Shanghai WoShanghai Wo

Financial Center.Financial Center.Financial Center. Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza.

Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza.

Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza. Taipei 101.Taipei 101.Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Build

The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Build

Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.

Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace. Trump International Hotel & Tower.Trump International Hotel & Tower.Trump International Hotel & Tower. Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Fina

Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Fina

Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower.

Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower. Willis TowWillis Tow

Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. China World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chrysler Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigro

Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. China World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chrysler Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigro

Center. Columbia Center. Comcast Center. Dapeng International Plaza. Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emirates Tower One. Emirates To

Center. Columbia Center. Comcast Center. Dapeng International Plaza. Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emirates Tower One. Emirates To

Two. Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre.

Two. Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre. Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2. Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tow

Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tow

Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II.

Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II. Guangzhou International Finance Center. Guangzhou International Finance Center. Hong Kong New World Tower.

Hong Kong New World Tower. International Commerce Centre. International Commerce Centre.International Commerce Centre. Jin Mao BuildJin Mao Build

John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tower. Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tower. Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhn

John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tower. Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tower. Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhn

Tower C. Nanjing Greenland Financial Center. New York Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 21st Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Dr

Tower C. Nanjing Greenland Financial Center. New York Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 21st Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Dr

900 North Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Kazim Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American International Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tow

900 North Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Kazim Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American International Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tow

Aspire Tower. AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Bank of America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Ban

Aspire Tower. AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Bank of America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Ban

China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel. Burj Khalifa. Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Pl

China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel. Burj Khalifa. Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Pl

Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square. Shanghai World Financial Center. Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunT

Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square. Shanghai World Financial Center. Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunT

Plaza. Plaza.Plaza. Taipei 101.Taipei 101.Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.

The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace. TruTruTru

International Hotel & Tower.International Hotel & Tower. Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank P

Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank P

One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower.

One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower. Willis Tower. Willis Tower.Willis Tower. Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. Ch


World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chrysler Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigroup Center. Columbia Center. Comcast Center. Dapeng International Pl


Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emirates Tower One. Emirates Tower Two. Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overs


Union Bank Centre.Union Bank Centre. Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.

Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2. Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2. Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II.

Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II. GuangzhGuangzh

International Finance Center.International Finance Center. Hong Kong New World Tower.

Hong Kong New World Tower. International Commerce Centre.International Commerce Centre.International Commerce Centre. Jin Mao Building. John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tow

Jin Mao Building. John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tow

Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tower. Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhnaya Tower C.

Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tower. Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhnaya Tower C. Nanjing Greenland Financial Center.Nanjing Greenland Financial Center. New YNew Y

Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 21st Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Drive. 900 North Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Ka

Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 21st Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Drive. 900 North Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Ka

Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American International Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tower. Aspire Tower. AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Ban

Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American International Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tower. Aspire Tower. AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Ban

America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel.

America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel. BB

Khalifa.Khalifa. Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shang

Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shang

Wheelock Square.Wheelock Square. Shanghai World Financial Center.

Shanghai World Financial Center.Shanghai World Financial Center. Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza.

Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza.

Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza. Taipei 101. Taipei 101.Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I.

Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.

Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace. Trump International Hotel & ToTrump International Hotel & Tower.Trump International Hotel & Tower. Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tow

Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tow

Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Cen

Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Cen

Williams Tower.Williams Tower. Willis Tower. Willis Tower.Willis Tower. Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. China World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chry

Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. China World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chry

Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigroup Center. Columbia Center. Comcast Center. Dapeng International Plaza. Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emira

Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigroup Center. Columbia Center. Comcast Center. Dapeng International Plaza. Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emira

Tower One. Emirates Tower Two. Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre.

Tower One. Emirates Tower Two. Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre. Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2. Plaza 66. Plaza 66.

Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II.

Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II. Guangzhou International Finance Center.Guangzhou International Finance Center. Hong Kong New World Tower.

Hong Kong New World Tower. InternatioInternatioInternatio

Commerce Centre. Commerce Centre.Commerce Centre. Jin Mao Building. John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tower. Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tow

Jin Mao Building. John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tower. Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tow

Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhnaya Tower C.

Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhnaya Tower C. Nanjing Greenland Financial Center.Nanjing Greenland Financial Center. New York Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 2

New York Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 2

Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Drive. 900 North Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Kazim Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American Internatio

Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Drive. 900 North Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Kazim Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American Internatio

Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tower. Aspire Tower. AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Bank of America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Ban

Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tower. Aspire Tower. AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Bank of America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Ban

America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel.

America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tower. BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel. Burj Khalifa.Burj Khalifa. Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheu

Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheu

Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square.

Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. Rose Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square. Shanghai World Financial Center.Shanghai World Financial Center.Shanghai World Financial Center. ShimShim

International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza.

International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza.

International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Plaza. Taipei 101.Taipei 101.Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. To

The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. To

Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace. Trump International Hotel & Tower.

Trump International Hotel & Tower.Trump International Hotel & Tower. Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Finance Centre. Two Pruden

Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Pl

Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Pl

U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams To

U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower.

U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank Plaza One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower. Willis Tower.Willis Tower.Willis Tower. Wuhan World Trade TowWuhan World Trade Tow

China International Center Tower B. China World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chrysler Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigroup Center. Columbia Cen

China International Center Tower B. China World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chrysler Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigroup Center. Columbia Cen

Comcast Center. Dapeng International Plaza. Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emirates Tower One. Emirates Tower Two. Empire State Build

Comcast Center. Dapeng International Plaza. Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emirates Tower One. Emirates Tower Two. Empire State Build

One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre.

One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui. Overseas Union Bank Centre. Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2. Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaz

Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaz

Grand Gateway Plaza II.Grand Gateway Plaza II. Guangzhou International Finance Center.

Guangzhou International Finance Center.Guangzhou International Finance Center. Hong Kong New World T

Hong Kong New World Tower.Hong Kong New World Tower. International Commerce Centre.

International Commerce Centre.International Commerce Centre. Jin Mao Building. John Hancoc

Jin Mao Building. John Hancock CenJin Mao Building. John Hancock Cen

JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tower. Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tower. Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhnaya Tower C.

JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tower. Kingdom Centre. Landmark Tower. Menara Telekom. Millennium Tower. Minsheng Bank Building. Naberezhnaya Tower C. NanjNanjNanj

Greenland Financial Center.Greenland Financial Center.Greenland Financial Center. New York Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 21st Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Drive. 9

New York Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 21st Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Drive. 900 No

New York Times Tower. Nina Tower. One Island East Centre. 120 Collins Street. 21st Century Tower. 311 South Wacker Drive. 900 No

Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Kazim Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American International Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tower. Aspire Tow

Michigan Avenue. Al Faisaliah Center. Al Kazim Tower 1. Al Kazim Tower 2. Almas Tower. American International Building. Aon Center. Aqua. Arraya Tower. Aspire Tow

AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Bank of America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tow

AT&T Corporate Center. Baiyoke Tower II. Bank of America Corporate Center. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Plaza. Bank of America Tower. Bank of China Tow

BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel.

BOCOM Financial Towers. Burj al Arab Hotel. Burj Khalifa.Burj Khalifa.Burj Khalifa. Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Pla

Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. R

Capital City Moscow Tower. Central Plaza. Cheung Kong Centre. Renaissance Tower. Republic Plaza. R

Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square.

Rayhaan by Rotana. Scotia Tower. SEG Plaza. Shanghai Wheelock Square. Shanghai World Financial Center.Shanghai World Financial Center.Shanghai World Financial Center. Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Pl

Shimao International Plaza. Shun Hing Square. SunTrust Pl

Taipei 101.Taipei 101.Taipei 101. The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.

The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace.

The Address. The Center. The Cullinan I. The Cullinan II. The Trump Building. Tomorrow Square. Tower Palace Three, Tower G. Triumph Palace. TruTruTru

International Hotel & Tower. International Hotel & Tower. Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank P

Trump World Tower. Tuntex Sky Tower. Two International Finance Centre. Two Prudential Plaza. U.S. Bank Tower. United Overseas Bank P

One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower.

One. Water Tower Place. Wells Fargo Plaza. Wenzhou Trade Center. Williams Tower. Willis Tower.Willis Tower.Willis Tower. Wuhan World Trade Tower. China International Center Tower B. Ch


World Trade Center III. Chongqing World Trade Center. Chrysler Building. CITIC Plaza. Citigroup Center. Columbia Center. Comcast Center. Dapeng Internation



Diwang International Commerce Center. Emirates Crown. Emirates Tower One. Emirates Tower Two. Empire State Building. One Liberty Place. One Lujiazui.



Union Bank Centre.Union Bank Centre.Union Bank Centre. Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2.

Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2. Petronas Tower 1. Petronas Tower 2. Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II.

Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II.

Plaza 66. Q1. Eureka Tower. First Bank Tower. Grand Gateway Plaza I. Grand Gateway Plaza II. GuangzhGuangzhGuangzh

International Finance Center. International Finance Center.International Finance Center. Hong Kong New World Tower.

Hong Kong New World Tower. International Commerce Centre. International Commerce Centre.International Commerce Centre. Jin Mao Building. John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tow

Jin Mao Building. John Hancock Center. JPMorgan Chase Tower. Key Tow

MEMBERSHIPThe levels, benefits, and procedures of CTBUH membership

www.ctbuh.org

“In 2010 the CTBUH organizational member network included 462,226

individuals working in 3,298 offices around the world: architects, engineers, developers, building own-ers, financiers, contractors, urban planners, etc.”

CTBUH Organizational Members

SUPPORTING CONTRIBUTORSAECOMAl Hamra Real Estate CompanyNV.Besix SABT - Applied TechnologyBuro Happold, Ltd.Daewoo Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.Doosan Engineering & ConstructionEmaar Properties, PJSC Hyundai Amco Co., Ltd.Hyundai Engineering & Constuction Co., Ltd.Illinois Institute of Technology - (Hand Deliver) Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, PCKONE Industrial, Ltd.Korea UniversityLotte Engineering & Construction Co.Mori Building Co., Ltd.NBBJSamsung C&T Corp.Shanghai Tower Construction & Development Co., Ltd.Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure, Ltd.Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLPTaipei Financial Center Corp. (TAIPEI 101)Turner Construction Company

PATRONSArabtec Construction LLCBlume FoundationBMT Fluid Mechanics, Ltd.FC Beekman Associates, LLCHongkong Land, Ltd.KLCC Property Holdings BerhadKuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS)Meinhardt Group InternationalSaudi Oger, Ltd.Thornton Tomasetti, Inc.Tishman Speyer PropertiesWeidlinger Associates, Inc.Zuhair Fayez Partnership

DONORSAdrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, LLPAmerican Institute of Steel ConstructionAON Fire Protection Engineering Corp.ArupEnclos Corp.Fender KatsalidisGale International, LLC (New Songdo International City Development)GenslerHalcrow YollesHeerim Architects & Planners Co., Ltd.Hyder Consulting Pty., Ltd.Hyundai Steel CompanyJacobsLarsen & Toubro, Ltd.Leslie E. Robertson Associates, RLLPMagnusson Klemencic Associates, Inc.Mooyoung Architects & EngineersPickard Chilton Architects, Inc.Remaking of Mumbai FederationThe Rise Group LLCRMJMRolf Jensen & Associates, Inc.Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin, Inc.Severud Associates Consulting Engineers, PCShanghai Construction (Group) General Co. Ltd.Shanghai Institute of Architectural Design & Research Co., Ltd.SIAPLAN Architects and PlannersSolomon Cordwell BuenzStudio Gang ArchitectsSWA GroupSyska Hennessy Group, Inc.ViraconWalter P. Moore and Associates, Inc.Werner Voss + PartnerWillis GroupWoods Bagot

CONTRIBUTORSAedas, Ltd.ALHOSN UniversityAlvine EngineeringAmerican Iron and Steel InstituteBarker Mohandas, LLCBFLSBonacci Group

Supporting Contributors are those who contribute $10,000; Patrons: $6,000; Donors: $3,000; Contributors: $1,500; Participants: $750.

http://membership.ctbuh.org

Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel LaboratoryBovis Lend LeaseBroadway Malyan Asia Pte LtdCanary Wharf Group, PLCCanderel Management, Inc.CCL Continental Automated Buildings AssociationCS Structural Engineering, Inc.Deerns Consulting EngineersDHV Bouw en IndustrieDongYang Structural Engineers Co., Ltd.Dow Corning CorporationThe Durst Organization, Inc. East China Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd.Far East Aluminum Works (US) CorporationGardner Metal Systems, Inc.Goettsch PartnersHAEAHN Architecture, Inc.Hyundai Development CompanyInmobiliaria Titanium S.A.INTEMAC, SAInternational Paint Ltd.JCE Structural Engineering Group, Inc.KHP Konig und Heunisch PlanungsgesellschaftM Moser Associates Ltd.MulvannyG2 ArchitectureNabih Youssef & AssociatesNational Fire Protection AssociationNishkian Menninger Consulting and Structural EngineersNorman Disney & YoungOtis Elevator CompanyParis La Défense (Etablissement Public d’Aménagement de La Défense Seine Arche)Perkins + WillPermasteelisa North AmericaRosenwasser/Grossman Consulting Engineers, PCSAMOO Architects & EngineersSanni, Ojo & PartnersSchindler Elevator Corp.SilverEdge Systems Software, Inc.The Steel Institute of New YorkStructal-Heavy Steel ConstructionT. R. Hamzah & Yeang Sdn. Bhd.Tekla Corp.ThyssenKrupp Elevator QatarTSNIIEP for Residential and Public BuildingsUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignWH-P GmbH Beratende IngenieureWilkinson Eyre ArchitectsWSP Group

PARTICIPANTSAidea Philippines, Inc.AKF Group, LLCAl Ghurair Construction - Aluminum LLCAl Jazera ConsultantsAllford Hall Monaghan Morris, Ltd.Altus Group, Ltd.ARC Studio Architecture + UrbanismArcelorMittalArchitects 61 Pte., Ltd.Architectural Design & Research Institute of Tongji University (Group) Co., Ltd.Architectural Design & Research Institute of Tsinghua University Architectural Institute of KoreaArquitectonica International Corp.ASA Architectural Designs CCAtkinsBAUM Architects, Engineers & Consultants, Inc.Beca GroupBG&E Pty., Ltd.Billings Design Associates, Ltd.BluEntBoston Properties, Inc.Bouygues ConstructionBreuer Consulting GroupThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, BSECallison, LLPCapital GroupCase Foundation Co.CB EngineersCCHRB (Chicago Committee on High-Rise Buildings)CDC Curtain Wall Design & Consulting, Inc.China Academy of Building ResearchChinachem GroupCICO Consulting Architects and EngineersCode Consultants, Inc.Contract Glaziers, Inc.Cook+Fox ArchitectsCosentini AssociatesCOWI A/SCox Architecture Pty. Ltd.CPP, Inc.CS Associates, Inc.CTL GroupCundallDar Al-Handasah (Shair & Partners)Delft University of TechnologyDennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects & Engineers (HK), Ltd. DeStefano and Partners, Ltd.dhk Architects Pty., Ltd.DowningDSP Design Associates Pvt., Ltd.Dunbar & BoardmanEdgett Williams Consulting Group, Inc.

ELU Konsult ABEnnead Architects LLPEnvironmental Systems Design, Inc.EpsteinExport Development Canada (EDC)Faithful + GouldFortune Consultants, Ltd.FXFOWLE Architects, LLCGHC Brydens Project ManagementGHD Pty. Ltd.M/s. Glass Wall Systems (India) Pvt. LtdGodrej Properties, Ltd.Gold Coast City CouncilGorproject (Urban Planning Institute of Residential and Public Buildings)Grace Construction ProductsGuangzhou Scientifi c Computing Consultants Co., Ltd.GVK Elevator Consulting Services, Inc.Halvorson and PartnersHamza AssociatesHaynes-Whaley Associates, Inc.Heller Manus ArchitectsHilson Moran Partnership, Ltd.Hoerr Schaudt Landscape ArchitectsHOK, Inc.Hong Kong Housing AuthorityHousing and Development BoardInfrastrutture Lombarde S.p.A.Intelligent EngineeringIrwinconsult Pty., Ltd.Iv-Consult b.v.Jaros Baum & BollesJBA Consulting Engineers, Inc.John Portman & Associates, Inc.KEO International Consultants, Inc.The Korean Structural Engineers AssociationKPMB ArchitectsLangan Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc.Leigh & Orange, Ltd.Lerch Bates, Inc.Lerch Bates, Ltd. EuropeLOADTESTLobby AgencyLouie International Structural EngineersMagellan Development Group, LLCMagnetek, Inc.Margolin Bros. Engineering & Consulting, Ltd.James McHugh Construction Co.McNamara / Salvia, IncMurphy / Jahn Architects LLCNanjing International Group Co. Ltd.Nikken Sekkei, Ltd.O’Connor Sutton CroninOdell Associates, Inc.Option One International, WLLP&T GroupPalafox AssociatesPDW ArchitectsPelli Clarke Pelli ArchitectsPerkins Eastman Architects, PCPowe ArchitectsPPG Industries, Inc.Rafael Vinoly Architects, PCRedix, Ltd.Rene Lagos y AsociadosRiggio / Boron, Ltd.RMIT UniversityRodium PropertiesRonald Lu & PartnersRSP Architects Planners & Engineers (Pte) LtdRVES Holding BVS.K.S. AssociatesSematic Italia, SpASiemens IndustrySinosteel Ever Glory Co., Ltd.SmithGroupSt. Francis Square Development Corp.Stanley D. Lindsey & Associates, Ltd.Stauch Vorster ArchitectsStephan Reinke Architects, Ltd.Steven Holl ArchitectsStudio Altieri S.p.A.Takenaka CorporationTaylor Thomson Whitting Pty., Ltd.TFP Farrells, Ltd.Thermafi ber, Inc.TranssolarThe Trump OrganizationUniversity of NottinghamUralNIIProject RAACSUSG CorporationVanguard Realty Pvt., Ltd.Vipac Engineers & Scientists, Ltd.VOA Associates, Inc.Walsh Construction CompanyWerner Sobek Stuttgart GmbH & Co., KGWindtech Consultants Pty., Ltd.WOHA Architects Pte., Ltd.Wong & Ouyang (HK), Ltd.WordsearchWorld Academy of Science for Complex SafetyWSP Cantor SeinukWSP Flack + Kurtz, Inc.WTM Engineers International GmbHY. A. Yashar Architects

(As of May15, 2011)

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

S.R. Crown Hall

Illinois Institute of Technology

3360 South State Street

Chicago, IL 60616

Phone: +1 (312) 567 3487

Fax: +1 (312) 567 3820

Email: [email protected]

http://www.ctbuh.org

About the Council

ISSN: 1946 - 1186

The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban

Habitat, based at the Illinois Institute of

Technology in Chicago, is an international

not-for-profit organization supported by

architecture, engineering, planning,

development and construction professionals.

Founded in 1969, the Council’s mission is to

disseminate multi-disciplinary information

on tall buildings and sustainable urban

environments, to maximize the international

interaction of professionals involved in

creating the built environment, and to make

the latest knowledge available to

professionals in a useful form.

The CTBUH disseminates its findings, and

facilitates business exchange, through: the

publication of books, monographs,

proceedings and reports; the organization of

world congresses, international, regional and

specialty conferences and workshops; the

maintaining of an extensive website and tall

building databases of built, under

construction and proposed buildings; the

distribution of a monthly international tall

building e-newsletter; the maintaining of an

international resource center; the bestowing

of annual awards for design and construction

excellence and individual lifetime

achievement; the management of special

task forces/working groups; the hosting of

technical forums; and the publication of the

CTBUH Journal, a professional journal

containing refereed papers written by

researchers, scholars and practicing

professionals.

The Council is the arbiter of the criteria upon

which tall building height is measured, and

thus the title of "The World’s Tallest Building"

determined. CTBUH is the world’s leading

body dedicated to the field of tall buildings

and urban habitat and the recognized

international source for information in these

fields.

CTBUH_2011.pdf

Documents

Transcript of CTBUH_2011.pdf