CT DEP LONG ISLAND SOUND MONITORING PROGRAM. TOTAL NITROGEN LOAD DELIVERED TO LONG ISLAND SOUND (Lbs...
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Transcript of CT DEP LONG ISLAND SOUND MONITORING PROGRAM. TOTAL NITROGEN LOAD DELIVERED TO LONG ISLAND SOUND (Lbs...
CT DEP LONG ISLAND SOUNDMONITORING PROGRAM
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Lb
s T
N/d
ay
NY Point CT Point MA, NH,VT Point
Atmos.Dep.
Forest Urban Agric
On LIS
MA, NH, VT
CT & NY
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Lb
s T
N/d
ay
NY Point CT Point MA, NH,VT Point
Atmos.Dep.
Forest Urban Agric
On LIS
MA, NH, VT
CT & NY
TOTAL NITROGEN LOAD DELIVERED TO LONG ISLAND SOUND (Lbs TN/Day)
Total Load from all Sources = 366K Lbs TN/day
54K Lbs/day
230K Lbs/day159K Lbs/day
Good Science =Good Management?
• Reduction Goals
• Sources of Nitrogen
• Nitrogen Enrichment Degrades Estuaries
• Nitrogen Budgets & Transport
• Effective Management Tools
LAW AND POLICY
FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS
Water Quality Classifications
Water Quality Standards
Water Quality Criteria
• Identify “Water Quality Limited” Waters
• Specify Allowable Pollutant Loading– Point Sources, Nonpoint Sources,
Margin of Safety• Implement through:
– standards, criteria, classification– regulations, permits
CWA Requirements for TMDLs
TMDL*(*Total Maximum Daily Load)
• Enforceable Schedule• Meet Water Quality Standards• Nitrogen Reduction Goal
– 58.5% by 2014• 10% - Urban and Agricultural Runoff• 64% - Point Source Controls
• Allows “Trading”• Future Actions
– Out of State Sources– Atmospheric Deposition
WHY REVISE DO CRITERIA?
- Not Scientifically Defensible
- Not Environmentally Supportable
- Not Geographically Relevant
- Not Reflective of the System
Existing Standards Were:
Table 1. DO incremental ranges and duration (exposure) data to be applied to LIS in the area affected to ensure protection of larval recruitment.
DO Range (mg/l)
No. of Days Allowed
Maximum
Minimum
4.8
4.3
21
4.3
3.8
11
3.8
3.5
5
Appendix E.
7 days of 21 allowed (0.33)
3 days of 11 allowed (0.60)
1 day of 5 allowed (0.80)
1 day of 0 allowed
CTDEP’s Conservative Application Example
Violation
CCC = Criterion Continuous Concentration
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Squa
re K
ilom
eter
s
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Days
Area of Hypoxia Duration of Hypoxia
AREA AND DURATION OF HYPOXIA (<3.0 mg/L) IN LONG ISLAND SOUND 1987-2004
Average Conditions: 530 sq. km. and 57 days
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003
Squa
re K
ilom
eter
s
Area of Hypoxia 5 YR AVG 1.0 mg/L
AREA OF HYPOXIA (<3.0 mg/L) IN LONG ISLAND SOUND 1987-2004
Average Conditions: 530 sq. km. and 57 days
Hypoxia Index
0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
Ind
ex
< 3.0 mg/L < 2.0 mg/L Sum
Total Nitrogen Loads to LIS
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
O-9
0
O-9
1
O-9
2
O-9
3
O-9
4
O-9
5
O-9
6
O-9
7
O-9
8
O-9
9
O-0
0
O-0
1
O-0
2
O-0
3
Month
Mill
ion
kg
TN
/mo
nth
Fall Line Coastal NPS Coastal STP Total
Annual Nitrogen Load to LIS
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
WY
91
WY
92
WY
93
WY
94
WY
95
WY
96
WY
97
WY
98
WY
99
WY
00
WY
01
WY
02
WY
03
WY
04
Water Years
Mill
ion
s o
f kg
/yea
r
Tributaries Coastal NPS Coastal STP Total
LIS TN Frequency - All Data
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0.05
7
0.1
14
0.1
71
0.2
28
0.2
84
0.3
41
0.39
8
0.4
55
0.5
12
0.5
69
0.6
26
0.6
83
0.74
0
0.7
97
0.8
53
0.9
10
0.9
67
1.0
24
1.0
81
1.1
38
1.1
95
1.2
52
1.3
09
Concentration (mg/L)
Obs
erva
tions
0.233
LIS TN - Clean Surface Water
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.036 0.075 0.115 0.154 0.194 0.233 0.273 0.312 0.352 0.391 0.431 0.470 0.510
Concentration (mg/L)
Obs
erva
tions
0.278
LIS Chl-a - All Data
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0.0
2.0
3.9
5.8
7.7
9.6
11.5
13.5
15.4
17.3
19.2
21.1
23.0
Concentration (ug/L)
Ob
se
rva
tio
ns
0.9
LIS Chla-a - Clean Surface Water
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0.1 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.4 3.7 4.1 4.5 4.8 5.2 5.6 5.9
Concentration (ug/L)
Obs
erva
tions
1.7
LIS TN - Station D3 Surface
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Co
nc
entr
ati
on
(m
g/L
)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
LIS TIN - Station D3 Surface
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Jan F eb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L)
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
LIS Chl-a - Station D3 Surface
0
5
10
15
20
25F
-91
F-9
2
F-9
3
F-9
4
F-9
5
F-9
6
F-9
7
F-9
8
F-9
9
F-0
0
F-0
1
F-0
2
F-0
3
F-0
4
Month-Ye ar
Co
nc
entr
ati
on
(u
g/L
)
Station D3 - TN Load vs. TN Concentration(12-mo moving average/4-mo offset)
y = 0.0459x + 0.1388
R2 = 0.2611
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
0.500
3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.500 6.000 6.500
TN Load (kg x 106/yr)
TN
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/L)
3.08
2002 Drought
1999 - 2000
Streamflow Index to LIS
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
Oc
t-9
0
Oc
t-9
1
Oc
t-92
Oc
t-93
Oc
t-94
Oct
-95
Oct
-96
Oc
t-97
Oc
t-98
Oct
-99
Oct
-00
Oct
-01
Oc
t-0
2
Oc
t-0
3
Month - Year
Flo
w (
cfs
x 1
06)
Station D3 - TN Load vs. Concentration(12-mo moving average and 4-mo offset)
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
5.500
6.000
6.500
Jan-
92
Jul
-92
Jan
-93
Jul-9
3
Jan
-94
Jul
-94
Jan-
95
Jul
-95
Jan
-96
Jul-9
6
Jan-
97
Jul
-97
Jan-
98
Jul
-98
Jan-
99
Jul-9
9
Jan
-00
Jul-0
0
Jan-
01
Jul
-01
Jan-
02
Jul-0
2
Jan
-03
Jul-0
3
Jan
-04
Month - Year
TN
Lo
ad
(kg
x 1
06/y
r)
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
0.500
TN
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n
(mg
/L)
TN Load
TN Conc.
CT Nitrogen Credit ExchangeProjected Equalized Loads
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Poun
ds T
N/d
ay
Actual Projected Permit Limit
2014 Goal9166 lbs/day
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Poun
ds T
N/d
ay
Actual Projected Permit Limit
2014 Goal9166 lbs/day2014 Goal9166 lbs/day
y = 0.8522x
R2 = 0.6832
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 1 2 3 4
Influent (mg TN/L)
Eff
luen
t (m
g T
N/L
)
Data compiled by Winer (2000)
Stormwater Treatment EfficiencyTotal Nitrogen
100
75
50
25
00 10 20 30 40
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
% Impervious
CS
PS
Sc
ore
No buffer
Low buffer
Mod to High buffer
1995 Land Cover 1995 Land Cover
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
1985 1990 1995 2002
Acr
es x
100
0
3.05
3.1
3.15
3.2
3.25
3.3
3.35
3.4
3.45
3.5
Mil
lio
ns
of
Peo
ple
11.3%
8.6%
Development vs. Population in CT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Thames
Connec
ticut
Quin
nipiac
Hou
sato
nic
Sauga
tuck
Norwal
k
Wes
tches
ter
Nassa
u
Suffolk
Management Zone
Mil
lion
s of
Dol
lars
Annual Cost for ImplementingThe Load Allocation
Decline of Seagrass BedsDecline of Seagrass Beds
Pristine First stage of decline Epiphytes on bladesWater column algal blooms
Photo credit R. Howarth.