CST Study Guide for Final

Part 1

Early Republic- WWI

• Early Us History

• Declaration of Independence- – states the basis of American rights

• Equality, Inalienable Rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)

– John Locke/Natural Rights (define/purpose of government)-

• Life, liberty, property (purpose of government is to protect your rights)

• Constitution– Articles of Confederation-

• 1st Federal Government (little authority)

– Great Compromise • (representation in new federal government)• Senate (2 per state, small states), H of Reps. (large

states- pop.)

– Separation of Power • (Checks and Balances- 3 branches of gov. with

separate responsibilities)

– Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • (Feds-support Const., Anti F- want Bill of Rights)

• Reconstruction– 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments

• 13th Abolishes slavery• 14th Citizenship and male suffrage• 15th can’t discriminate against people voting

based on race– Problem- other ways to discriminate (poll

tax, literacy test, grandfather clause)– Sharecropping-

• ex slaves would rent land from the previous owners

• Late 1800’s

• Immigration/Industrialization– Cheap labor (how did this effect worker

rights?) Workers were underpaid, long days (12hrs), and no protection

• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire- 300 women died in fire bc doors were locked

– Nativism-• Hatred of immigrants (xenophobia)

– Chinese Exclusion Act• Banned all Chinese immigration after 1880 (stop

Ca. from beating up imm.)

– Americanization Movement (assimilation)• Public education to assimilate imm. Children in

how to become American (English, History)

– Old Immigrants vs. New Immigrants (characteristics, 1890?)

• Old- N/W Eur (Eng. Ger., Scandinavia, Irish) white, protestant, English speaking (seen as good imm. bc blended into society

• New- S/E Eur (Italy, Poland, Russia) Darker skinned, Catholic/Jew, diff. language (would not assimilate)

• Industrialization- making goods by machine– Robber Barons

• Super rich industrialists (often used corruption and crushing competition to get rich)

• Rockefeller, Carnegie, JP Morgan– Rockefeller (Standard Oil) invented Trusts (monopolies)

» Horizontal integration- owning similar companies to kill competition

– Carnegie- Steel (Vertical Integration- controlled manufacturing process from earth to finished good)

– JP Morgan- investment banking (bought companies and gained more control w each company purchased)

• Urbanization- movement of people to cities– Northeastern cities (why move to these

cities?)• NYC, Boston (factories, imm. land there first)

– Political Machines• Controlled politics in a city by controlling immigrant

vote (funneled city money into their pockets)• Tammany Hall/Boss Tweed

– NYC Pol. Machine, Tweed was the leader (largest, most corrupt machine in US)

• Progressivism (belief)– Gov. should get more involved and protect people

from corruption by business– The Jungle

• Book exposed filthy meatpacking industry– Meat Inspection Act- passed by Pres. T. Roosevelt, gov.

inspects meat industry

– Social Gospel • Christians/Middle class take responsibility to help needy (bc

the gov. is not)• Settlement House/ Jane Addams/ Hull House

– House to help women/ first social worker

– Gospel of Wealth (Carnegie)• Wealthy have a responsibility to share their money with

society (problem- most of the money went to middle class, not poor)

• Imperialism (define) larger country takes over a smaller country– Reasons to expand (Christianity, economic,

prestige- explain)• Christ- civilize foreign people• Ec- create new markets to sell manufactured

goods• Prestige- compete with Europe (Eng, Fr.)

– Hawaii (How was it acquired?)• US planters (Stanford Dole) overthrew Queen Lili.

Bc she wanted Ha. to have voting rights (McKinley Tariff- also to be able to sell HA. sugar in US w/out tax)

– Spanish/American War- 1898• Yellow Journalism (Hearst/ How did it lead to war?)

– Sensational stories in press to get a reaction, Hearst “you furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war”

• USS Maine– Exploded in Havana Harbor (US press blamed Sp. For

explosion leading Americans to want war)

• Colonies acquired– Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba (Platt

Amendment- Cuba given independence , US given Guantanamo Bay and right to invade Cuba)

» Coaling Stations- islands to cross the Pacific

– China- US wants to trade and spread Christianity

• Open Door Policy– Free trade in China (Eur. Creating Spheres of

influence- colonies in China), Phil. And New Navy (Alfred Mahan-all steel navy) gave US power to have influence in Asia

• Boxer Rebellion– Chinese nationalists upset US and Eur. are influencing

China (2nd Open Door Policy – rebellion put down by international force, US protects Chinese sovereignty)

– Panama Canal (how did the US acquire canal rights?)

• US instigates Panama to rebel from Columbia, Hay-Bunau Villa Treaty-US given rights to build canal by newly independent Panama

• World War I- 1914-1918 (US only fights in 1918)

• Causes of War (Alliances, Militarism, Imperialism)– Alliances- countries protect each other

(Archduke Ferdinand shot, all countries declare war in retaliation)

– Militarism- glorifying war (Eur. wants war)– Imperialism- Eur countries want each other

land in Africa

– Causes of war for US– Unlimited Submarine Warfare

• Germany begins sinking US ships selling war supplies to England (violates US neutrality)

• Lusitania- passenger liner sunk by German U-Boat

– Zimmerman Note• Proposed alliance bt Ger. And Mex (US can not

stay isolated from WWI)

– Russian Revolution (How did this force US to fight?)

• Russia pulls out (Now US can say we are on the side of Democracy w. Fr and Eng.

• War at Home– War to End War/ Make the World Safe for Democracy-

• 2 slogans to get American to support fighting in a European war

– Women• Work in factories (earn the right to vote)

– African/Americans• Great Migration

– Leave the South to find work in North

– Sedition Act• crime to criticize Gov., Pres., or draft (limits freedom of speech)• Schenck vs. US

– Says Gov. has a right to limit free speech during war

– Government involvement- not laissez faire• War Industries Board

– Told companies what to make for war

• Committee on Information– Propaganda agency to get American to hate Germany and support the

war

• End of War– 14 Points

• Pres. Wilson’s plan for peace (don’t punish Germany, self determination)

– League of Nations- international organization for countries to meet and talk, rather than fight

– Treaty of Versailles- Treaty that ends WWI (punishes Germany and sets up WWII/rise of Hitler)

• League of Nations- see above• Punishment of Germany

– War Guilt Clause- Germany takes full blames for war,

» Reparations- Ger. Forced to pay Fr. For war damages (cripples Ger. Economy after war)

– Senate rejects the League of Nations (Why?)• Article X- allowed the pres. To send troops to defend a League

ally (takes away war declaring power of Congress)