CSPO.ORG Center for Science, Policy, & Outcomes A Project of Columbia University in the City of New...
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Transcript of CSPO.ORG Center for Science, Policy, & Outcomes A Project of Columbia University in the City of New...
CSPO.ORG
Center for Science, Policy, & Outcomes
A Project of Columbia University in the City of New York
CSPO.ORG
National security change
Weapons of mass
destruction
Science is a Principal Driver of Change
Social change
Internet
Environmental change
Climate
Health and Medicalchange
BiotechnologyScience-based
economy
CSPO.ORG Science is the Principal Driver of Change
Science has the power to completely transform civilization. For some, science has made life comfortable and secure. For others, it has meant death and destruction.
CSPO.ORG Science Policy is the Key Variable
Given the impact of science, science policy is the critical variable and yet almost entirely ignored.
We are being propelled into this new century with no plan, no control, no brakes.
Bill Joy
Co-founder and Chief Scientist, Sun Microsystems
CSPO.ORG
Unpredictability
Foundations of Science Policy
Market Failure Model
Republic of Science
CSPO.ORG
INPUTS Processes Products Outcomes
• Addresses – Conduct of S&T– Products and processes of S&T
• Assumes– All societal outcomes will be positive– Linear model of innovation and societal benefit
Current (Linear) Approach to Science Policy
CSPO.ORG Indications of Societal Transformation
• GMOs controversy• Affordability of AIDS drugs• 40 million Americans without medical
insurance• The aging of our population• Public school system/new knowledge
economy• Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels
CSPO.ORG Perceived Quality of Life
CSPO.ORG Health Indicators
Health Attainment, 1999 Health Expenditures (Disability-adjusted life expectancy) as % of GDP
1. Japan (74.5) 7.1% 3. France (73.1) 9.8% 4. Sweden (73.0) 9.2%
12. Canada (72.0) 8.6%
14. U.K. (71.7) 5.8% 22. Germany (70.4) 10.5% 24. U.S. (70.0) 13.7% 96. Iran (60.5) 4.4%134. India (53.2) 5.2%
Source: WHO, The World Health Report 2000
CSPO.ORG Health vs. Wealth
Source: WHO, The World Health Report 2000
CSPO.ORG Societal Outcomes Promoted by National
Science AgenciesEnsure that the people, nature and environment of Denmark and other countries are protected against pollution. (Danish Environment Protection Agency)
Reduce the strain on the
health and the environment and improve energy and
resource efficiency (Swedish
Ministry of Environment)
Improve the health of the European population. (European
Union BIOMED 2 program)
Increase quality and years of healthy life.
Eliminate health disparities. (US
Health and Human Services
Department)
Responsibility for regulating the fruits of science and technology in order to ensure that these
advances work to the benefit of mankind. (Japan National Institutes of Health Sciences)
The individual and collective well-being of citizens depends on the quality and relevance of research and technological development.
(European Union ERA program website)
CSPO.ORG
Not Control But Navigation
Because the pathway to sustainability cannot be charted in advance, it will have to be navigated through trial and error and conscious experimentation.
National Research Council, 2000 Our Common Journey
CSPO.ORG Why are problems of employment and distribution of income S&T
Issues?
• S&T and social issues critically interdependent
• Technology strategy drives government spending and its social outcomes
• Linear thinking in technology policy is linear thinking in social outcomes
CSPO.ORG The Dual Agenda: Science and Social Equity
The Challenge: to develop science and technology policy that reaches the significant proportion of each state’s working poor who have been bypassed by the economic boom...
CSPO.ORG Core Question
How can science and science-based technology most effectively contribute to an improved quality of life for the the greatest number of people?
CSPO.ORG Core Question
How does the science that we do affect the social choices we make?
CSPO.ORG Core Question
How do the S&T programs we implement affect the distribution and equity of outcomes?
CSPO.ORG
CSPO Goals
CSPO aims to create knowledge, cultivate public discourse, and foster policies that help society grapple with the immense power of science.
CSPO.ORG CSPO Focus
• Relationships among national and trans-national research investments, new developments in S&T, and societal outcomes in nations and worldwide
• How well existing science initiatives achieve specified outcomes
• New policy frameworks to help increase positive outcomes of science, prevent or reduce negative ones, and extend benefits
• Help policy-makers craft outcome-based science policies; stimulate discussion among stakeholders; promote public knowledge of policy issues and options
• On the ground educational opportunities for students; forums for professionals
CSPO.ORG
Conductof Science
EconomicOutcomes
S&TOutcomes
SocietalOutcomes
POLICY New industries
Tech transfer
Knowledge transfer
KnowledgeNetworks
New social structures
EducationNew skills
New institutions
Cycle Dynamics
CSPO.ORG
ResearchResearchEducationEducation DiscourseDiscourse
Years Years 1-51-5
Years Years 1-51-5
Years Years 11-11-1515
Years Years 11-11-1515
Years Years 6-106-10
Years Years 6-106-10
Years Years 16-16-2020
Years Years 16-16-2020
Public Values MappingNanotechnology and Society
Real-Time Technology AssessmentUneven Advance of Knowledge
International Flows of KnowledgeScience for Society
Health Research Map
Public Values MappingNanotechnology and Society
Real-Time Technology AssessmentUneven Advance of Knowledge
International Flows of KnowledgeScience for Society
Health Research Map
Science and Outcomes Policy
ModuleFoundation
Consulting and Support
Web-Based Educational Tools
Science and Outcomes Policy
ModuleFoundation
Consulting and Support
Web-Based Educational Tools
Living with the GenieCSPO Salon
Media Relations Development
NewsletterWebsite
New Science Policy
Living with the GenieCSPO Salon
Media Relations Development
NewsletterWebsite
New Science Policy
S&T outcome maps and indicators used
as planning and assessment tools
S&T outcome maps and indicators used
as planning and assessment tools
Normalization of outcome-oriented
S&T policy in public discourse
Normalization of outcome-oriented
S&T policy in public discourse
Educational module to build community of
policy analysts and scientists
Educational module to build community of
policy analysts and scientists
CSPO has resources to respond to emerging
trends in S&T
CSPO has resources to respond to emerging
trends in S&T
Outcome-oriented R&D policies reflected at
national and international levels
Outcome-oriented R&D policies reflected at
national and international levels
CSPO is a central node for ideas, policies, data, and education with a network of
partners and affiliates across the globe.
CSPO is a central node for ideas, policies, data, and education with a network of
partners and affiliates across the globe.
Laying the FoundationCSPO’s 20-Year Timeline
CSPO.ORG Science Policy Research Needs
• New science policy indicators• New tools of evaluation• New vision for what science can bring to our future• Education of scientists and politicians• Replace Cold War paradigm as outmoded
Research
CSPO.ORG Public Value Mapping of Science Outcomes
Research
Seeks to develop alternative means of thinking about public values in science, ones focusing on social outcome criteria rather than traditional market-based and economic criteria.
Seeks to develop alternative means of thinking about public values in science, ones focusing on social outcome criteria rather than traditional market-based and economic criteria.
•To provide a social theory (i.e. public value theory) basis for research evaluation
•To connect assessments of research outputs with broad social impacts•To develop and implement a methodology that is valid, sensitive to the policy context and widely applicable.
Research on Breast Cancer•What is the research ecology?•What are the expressed public values?•What is the causal logic of programs and research activities?•What are the public value impacts of research activities?
• Genetically Modified Crops• Nanotechnology• Infertility Research Clinics (NICHD)
GOAL:
Objectives
Prototype
Other Applications
CSPO.ORG Nanotechnology and Society
Research
To integrate social impacts research with nanotechnology research to create better linkages between research agendas and desired societal outcomes.
To integrate social impacts research with nanotechnology research to create better linkages between research agendas and desired societal outcomes.
•Develop tools and methods to map and assess the societal implications of nanoscale science and engineering; •Enhance awareness of societal implications among both the public and the S&T community; •Develop processes that can support actual scientific and societal decision making about the direction and application of nanotechnology.
GOAL:
Objectives
CSPO.ORG Real-Time Technology Assessment
Research
To inform and support natural science and engineering research, and to provide an explicit mechanism for observing, critiquing, and influencing social values as they become embedded in innovations
To inform and support natural science and engineering research, and to provide an explicit mechanism for observing, critiquing, and influencing social values as they become embedded in innovations
•Develop analogical case studiesto develop frameworks for anticipating future interactions between society and new technologies.
•Map the resources and capabilities of the relevant innovation enterprise to identify key R&D trends, major participants and their roles, and organizational structures and relations.
•Eliciting and monitor changing knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes among stakeholders, to enhance the quality of science communication about the societal implications of innovations.
•Engage in analytical and participatory assessments of potential societal impacts.
• Nanotechnology
GOAL:
Objectives
Applications
CSPO.ORG International Flows of Knowledge
Research
To construct a systematic method to measure knowledge flows to developing countries, in order to deepen capacity to address key questions about the processes and channels through which technological diffusion actually occurs in developing countries.
To construct a systematic method to measure knowledge flows to developing countries, in order to deepen capacity to address key questions about the processes and channels through which technological diffusion actually occurs in developing countries.
•Write a critical bibliographic essay, surveying different ways in which scholars have attempted to measure knowledge flows and assessing the usefulness and limitations of these indicators for the purposes of mapping technology diffusion to developing countries.
•Use one set of indicators—patent and patent citation data—to examine knowledge flows from developed to developing countries, and how they have been changing over time.
•Discuss what types of data need be collected in the future, the likely cost of such data collection efforts, and provide suggestions for future empirical and theoretical research on technological learning by developing countries.
GOAL:
Objectives
CSPO.ORG Uneven Advance of Knowledge
Research
To understand the factors behind the uneven progress of know-how generally, and medical know-how as a starting point.
To understand the factors behind the uneven progress of know-how generally, and medical know-how as a starting point.
•To understand better the reasons why certain fields have experienced little progress where the returns from progress would clearly be considerable.
•Focus on infectious diseases, cardiovascular problems, cancers, mental illness, and problems of the eyes.
•To understand the ways in which adequate know-how is dependent on economics, politics, the ability to organize and manage, or cultural constraints
GOAL:
Objectives
CSPO.ORG Prediction in Public Policy
Research
To formulate a practical framework for the use of predictive science in policy making.
To formulate a practical framework for the use of predictive science in policy making.
•Develop ten case studies of prediction in environmental policy (ranging from global climate change to asteroid impacts), assessing the scientific, social, and political factors involved in incorporating predictions into decision processes.
•Expand analysis to other disciplines (e.g., ecology, economics) and other areas of policy (e.g., health, international development).
•Engage in systematic evaluation and explanation of a broad range of policy-relevant predictions, with the aim of helping decision makers better understand the strengths, weaknesses, and applications of—as well as alternatives to—predictive information
• Extreme Events• Global Climate Change
GOAL:
Objectives
Applications
CSPO.ORGScience for Society:
Basic Research in the Service of Public Objectives
Research
To catalyze a broad-based dialogue to revitalize science policy by explicitly linking basic science efforts with vital areas of public interest .
To catalyze a broad-based dialogue to revitalize science policy by explicitly linking basic science efforts with vital areas of public interest .
•To search for appropriate models that can effectively link efforts of basic science research to broad areas of social need.
•To convince key stakeholders of the importance of these themes to the conceptualization and implementation of science policy.
•Craft directed initiatives to explore urgent areas of social need, such as education, energy and climate change.
•Engage scientists in thinking about research programs that can appropriately address key societal goals.
• Education• Climate Change• Energy• Homeland Security
GOAL:
Objectives
Applications
CSPO.ORG Health Outcomes Mapping
Research
To construct an interactive outcomes map to assist policy makers, researchers, and other public and private analysts at all levels to more fully examine a variety of possibilities leading to the attainment of health for all members of society.
To construct an interactive outcomes map to assist policy makers, researchers, and other public and private analysts at all levels to more fully examine a variety of possibilities leading to the attainment of health for all members of society.
•To create a flexible, practical tool that reflects a detailed understanding of the constellation of options.
•Craft broad and deep description of the links between health policy and research, and societal-level health outcomes.
•Provide an overview of policy approaches to enhance both overall societal health and the health of the greatest number of individuals.
•Create a computer-based map: a tool for policy makers, legislators, analysts, individuals in the health care and health research communities, and citizen stakeholders.
•Produce secondary map products: brochures of selected sectors, teaching tools (both computer-based and printed) .
GOAL:
Objectives
CSPO.ORG
New Science Policy
Discourse
To create a book series focusing on science policy alternatives and their relations to social, economic and environmental outcomes, encompassing alternatives for thinking broadly about the institutional and political frameworks of science policy decision making.
To create a book series focusing on science policy alternatives and their relations to social, economic and environmental outcomes, encompassing alternatives for thinking broadly about the institutional and political frameworks of science policy decision making.
•Continue the process begun in the Bush Conference Series.
•Draw on ongoing projects and initiatives to craft a blueprint for outcome-oriented science policy.
•Engage a broad cross-section of stakeholders in ongoing dialogue around the publication of the series.
GOAL:
Objectives
CSPO.ORG
Living with the Genie
Discourse
To stimulate a broad societal commitment to reflection, discourse, and action about how society should govern the way that it continually remakes the world with science and technology, and to frame, articulate and analyze the complex challenges that we face
To stimulate a broad societal commitment to reflection, discourse, and action about how society should govern the way that it continually remakes the world with science and technology, and to frame, articulate and analyze the complex challenges that we face
•To gather three hundred opinion leaders together for a seminal three day event.
•To catalyze discussion among policy makers, scientists, academics, and members of the business and non-profit communities around issues of S&T governance.
•To promote debate within the mass media on the available alternatives for controlling the scientific and technological transformation of society.
•To produce books, articles and ongoing events that generate action and societal change after the three day event.
GOAL:
Objectives
CSPO.ORG
Media Relations
Discourse
CSPO.ORG
International Connections
Discourse
CSPO.ORG
Articles and Reports
Discourse
CSPO.ORG
CSPO Salon
Discourse
CSPO.ORG
Website
Discourse
CSPO.ORG
Arizona State Policy Module
Education
CSPO.ORG
Web-Based Educational Module
Education
CSPO.ORG Foundation Consulting and Support
Education
CSPO.ORG Lessons
• Desired outcomes can drive the science• Societal value of new knowledge is determined by
how it is used, and by whom• Societal outcomes reflect who is making science
policy• Desired outcomes emerge when scientific advance
is well-matched by societal needs
CSPO.ORG
CSPO Value Added
Replace the Cold War science policy modelBuild reflexivity into the research process Match knowledge creation with knowledge needs for societal problem-solvingEnhance public discourse on science policyEnhance informed public involvement in making research choices
New Science Policy project
Nanotechnology and Society project
Environmental Research
project
Science and Civil Society conference
Outcomes of Health Research project
CSPO.ORG A New Science Policy Framework: Outcome-Driven
• Integrated
• Informed
• Self-correcting
• Recognizes and responds to the inextricable links between science and technology and societal evolution
CSPO.ORG Morality and Science
What is the collective good that we want inquiry to promote?
Philip Kitcher, Professor of Philosophyin Science, Truth and Democracy, to be published, 2001