CSE 3504: Probabilistic Analysis of Computer Systems Topics covered: Course outline and schedule...
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Transcript of CSE 3504: Probabilistic Analysis of Computer Systems Topics covered: Course outline and schedule...
CSE 3504: Probabilistic Analysis of Computer Systems
Topics covered:Course outline and scheduleIntroductionEvent Algebra (Sec. 1.1-1.4)
General information
CSE 3504 : Probabilistic Analysis of Computer SystemsInstructor : Swapna S. GokhalePhone : 6-2772.Email : [email protected] : ITEB 237Lecture time : Wed/Fri 9:30 – 10:45 am Office hours : By appointment (I will hang around for a few minutes at the end of each class).Web page : http://www.engr.uconn.edu/~ssg/cse3054.html (Lecture notes, homeworks, and general announcements will be posted on the web page)
Course goals
Appreciation and motivation for the study of probability theory.
Definition of a probability model Application of discrete and continuous random variables Computation of expectation and moments Application of discrete and continuous time Markov
chains. Estimation of parameters of a distribution. Testing hypothesis on distribution parameters
Expected learning outcomes
Sample space and events: Define a sample space (outcomes) of a random experiment
and identify events of interest and independent events on the sample space.
Compute conditional and posterior probabilities using Bayes rule.
Identify and compute probabilities for a sequence of Bernoulli trials.
Discrete random variables: Define a discrete random variable on a sample space along
with the associated probability mass function. Compute the distribution function of a discrete random
variable. Apply special discrete random variables to real-life problems. Compute the probability generating function of a discrete
random variable. Compute joint pmf of a vector of discrete random variables. Determine if a set of random variables are independent.
Expected learning outcomes (contd..)
Continuous random variables: Define general distribution and density functions. Apply special continuous random variables to real
problems. Define and apply the concepts of reliability, conditional
failure rate, hazard rate and inverse bath-tub curve. Expectation and moments:
Obtain the expectation, moments and transforms of special and general random variables.
Stochastic processes: Define and classify stochastic processes. Derive the metrics for Bernoulli and Poisson processes.
Expected learning outcomes (contd..)
Discrete time Markov chains: Define the state space, state transitions and transition
probability matrix Compute the steady state probabilities. Analyze the performance and reliability of a software
application based on its architecture. Statistical inference:
Understand the role of statistical inference in applying probability theory.
Derive the maximum likelihood estimators for general and special random variables.
Test two-sided hypothesis concerning the mean of a random variable.
Expected learning outcomes (contd..)
Continuous time Markov chains: Define the state space, state transitions and generator
matrix. Compute the steady state or limiting probabilities. Model real world phenomenon as birth-death processes
and compute limiting probabilities. Model real world phenomenon as pure birth, and pure
death processes. Model and compute system availability.
Textbooks
Required text book:1. K. S. Trivedi, Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queuing and Computer Science Applications, Second Edition, John Wiley.
Course topics
Introduction (Ch. 1, Sec. 1.1-1.5, 1.7-1.11): Sample space and events, Event algebra, Probability
axioms, Combinatorial problems, Independent events, Bayes rule, Bernoulli trials
Discrete random variables (Ch. 2, Sec. 2.1-2.4, 2.5.1-2.5.3, 2.5.5,2.5.7,2.7-2.9): Definition of a discrete random variable, Probability mass
and distribution functions, Bernoulli, Binomial, Geometric, Modified Geometric, and Poisson, Uniform pmfs, Probability generating function, Discrete random vectors, Independent events.
Continuous random variables (Ch. 3, Sec. 3.1-3.3, 3.4.6,3.4.7): Probability density function and cumulative distribution
functions, Exponential and uniform distributions, Reliability and failure rate, Normal distribution
Course topics (contd..)
Expectation (Ch. 4, Sec. 4.1-4.4, 4.5.2-4.5.7): Expectation of single and multiple random variables,
Moments and transforms Stochastic processes (Ch. 6, Sec. 6.1, 6.3 and 6.4)
Definition and classification of stochastic processes, Bernoulli and Poisson processes.
Discrete time Markov chains (Ch. 7, Sec. 7.1-7.3): Definition, transition probabilities, steady state concept.
Application of discrete time Markov chains to software performance and reliability analysis
Statistical inference (Ch. 10, Sec. 10.1, 10.2.2, 10.3.1): Motivation, Maximum likelihood estimates for the
parameters of Bernoulli, Binomial, Geometric, Poisson, Exponential and Normal distributions, Parameter estimation of Discrete Time Markov Chains (DTMCs), Hypothesis testing.
Course topics (contd..)
Continuous time Markov chains (Ch. 8, Sec. 8.1-8.3, 8.4.1): Definition, Generator matrix, Computation of steady
state/limiting probabilities, Birth-death process, M/M/1 and M/M/m queues, Pure birth and pure death process, Availability analysis.
Course topics and exams calendar
Week #1 (Jan. 21): 1. Jan 21: Logistics, Introduction, Sample Space, Events, Event algebra 2. Jan 23: Probability axioms, combinatorial problems Week #2 (Jan. 28): 3. Jan 28: Conditional probability, Independent events, Bayes rule, Bernoulli trials 4. Jan 30: Discrete random variables, Probability mass and Distribution function Week #3 (Feb. 4): 5. Feb. 4: Special discrete distributions 6. Feb. 6: Poisson pmf, Uniform pmf, Probability Generating Function Week #4 (Feb. 11): 7. Feb. 11: Discrete random vectors, Independent random variables 8. Feb. 13: Continuous random variables, Uniform and Normal distributionsWeek #5 (Feb. 18): 9. Feb. 18: Exponential distribution, reliability and failure rate 10. Feb. 20: Expectations of random variables, moments
Course topics and exams calendar (contd..)
Week #6 (Feb. 25): 11. Feb. 25: Multiple random variables, transform methods 12. Feb. 27: Moments and transforms of special distributions Week #7 (Mar. 4): 13. Mar 4: Stochastic processes, Bernoulli and Poisson processes 14. Mar 6: Discrete time Markov chains Week #8 (Mar. 11): Spring break, no class. Week #9 (Mar. 18): 15. Mar 18: Discrete time Markov chains (contd..) 16. Mar 20: Analysis of software reliability and performanceWeek #10 (Mar. 25): 17. Mar 25: Statistical inference 18. Mar 27: Statistical inference (contd..)Week #11 (Apr. 1): 19. Apr. 1: Confidence intervals 20. Apr. 3: Hypothesis testing
Course topics and exams calendar (contd..)
Week #12 (Apr. 8): 21. Apr. 8: Hypothesis testing (contd..) 22. Apr. 10: Continuous time Markov Chains Week #13 (Apr. 15): 23. Apr. 14: Continuous time Markov chains, applications (contd..) 24. Apr. 18: Simple queuing modelsWeek #14: (Apr. 22) 25. Apr. 22: Pure death processes, availability models 26. Apr. 24: Lognormal distribution and its applications Week #15: (Apr. 29) Apr. 29: Make up class May 1: Final exam handed.
Assignment/Homework logistics
There will be one homework based on each topic (approximately)
One week will be allocated to complete each homework Homeworks will not be graded, but I encourage you to
do homeworks since the exam problems will be similar to the homeworks.
Solution to each homework will be provided after a week.
Exam logistics
Exams will have problems similar to that of the homeworks.
Midterm exam: Before Spring break Final exam: Handed on the last day of classes, due
when the exam for the class is scheduled. Exams will be take-home.
Project logistics
Project will be handed in the week first week of April, and and will be due in the last week of classes.
2-3 problems: Experimenting with design options to explore tradeoffs and
to determine which system has better performance/reliability etc.
Parameter estimation, hypothesis testing with real data. May involve some programming (can be done using Java,
Matlab etc.) Project report must describe:
Approach used to solve the problem. Results and analysis.
Grading system
Homeworks – 0% - Ungraded homeworks. Midterm - 20%Project – 25% - Two to three problems. Final - 55% - Heavy emphasis on the final
Attendance policy
Attendance not mandatory. Attending classes helps! Many examples, derivations (not in the book) in the
class Problems, examples covered in the class fair game for
the exams. Everything not in the lecture notes
Feedback
Please provide informal feedback early and often, before the formal review process.
Introduction and motivation
Why study probability theory?
Answer questions such as:
Probability model
Examples of random/chance phenomenon:
What is a probability model?
Sample space
Definition:
Example: Status of a computer system
Example: Status of two components: CPU, Memory
Example: Outcomes of three coin tosses
Types of sample space
Based on the number of elements in the sample space: Example: Coin toss
Countably finite/infinite
Countably infinite
Events
Definition of an event:
Example: Sequence of three coin tosses:
Example: System up.
Events (contd..)
Universal event
Null event
Elementary event
Example
Sequence of three coin tosses:
Event E1 – at least two heads
Complement of event E1 – at most one head (zero or one head)
Event E2 – at most two heads
Example (contd..)
Event E3 – Intersection of events E1 and E2.
Event E4 – First coin toss is a head
Event E5 – Union of events E1 and E4
Mutually exclusive events
Example (contd..)
Collectively exhaustive events:
Defining each sample point to be an event