CSC 330 E-Commerce Teacher Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan GM-IT CIIT Islamabad GM-IT...

CSC 330 E-CommerceCSC 330 E-CommerceTeacher

Ahmed Mumtaz MustehsanAhmed Mumtaz Mustehsan GM-IT CIIT IslamabadGM-IT CIIT Islamabad

• Virtual Campus, CIITCIIT

• COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

• T1-Lecture-3T1-Lecture-3

The Internet and The WebThe Internet and The Web

Chapter-2Chapter-2

Part-IPart-I

T1-Lecture-3T1-Lecture-3

For Lecture Material/Slides Thanks to: Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc

ObjectivesObjectivesDefine the origin and evolution of the Internet. Identify the key technology concepts behind the

internetDescribe the role of Internet protocols and utility

programsExplain the current structure of Internet.Understand the limitations of todays internetDescribe the potential capabilities of Internet IIUnderstand how the world wide web worksDescribe how internet and web features and services

support e-commerce.

T1-Lecture-3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc 1-3

The Internet: Technology BackgroundThe Internet: Technology BackgroundInternet

Interconnected network of thousands of networks and millions of computers

Links businesses, educational institutions, government agencies, and individuals

World Wide Web (Web)

One of the Internet’s most popular services

Provides access to around billions, possibly trillions, of Web pages


The Evolution of the Internet 1961 - PresentThe Evolution of the Internet 1961 - Present

Innovation Phase, 1964 -1974

Institutionalization Phase, 1975 -1994

Commercialization Phase,1995 - present


The Evolution of the Internet 1964 - 1974The Evolution of the Internet 1964 - 1974Innovation Phase: (1964 -1974)

The basic building blocks were introduced such as; packet-switching hardware, client/server computing, and a communications protocol called TCP/IP

The original purpose of the Internet, was to link large mainframe computers on different university/college campuses.

This kind of one-to-one communication between campuses was previously possible only through the telephone system or postal mail.


The Evolution of the Internet 1975 -1994The Evolution of the Internet 1975 -1994Institutionalization Phase: (1975 -1994)

Large institutions such as the US Department of Defense (DoD) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) provided funding to legitimate for the fledging invention called the Internet.

DoD contributed $1 million to further develop the network into a robust military communications system so that it could withstand during nuclear war.

In 1986, the NSF assumed responsibility for the development of a civilian Internet (NSFNET) and began a ten-year-long $200 million expansion program.


The Evolution of the Internet (1995- Present)The Evolution of the Internet (1995- Present)

Commercialization Phase: (1995 – present)

Government agencies encouraged private corporations to take over and expand both the Internet backbone and local services to ordinary citizens who were not students.

By 2000, the Internet’s use had expanded well beyond military installations and research universities and came into the public domain.


Source: http://www.glossar.de/glossar/1frame.htm?

An instance of internet - active nodesAn instance of internet - active nodes


The Internet: Key Technology ConceptsThe Internet: Key Technology Concepts

Network as Defined by NSF:Uses IP addressingSupports TCP/IPProvides services to users, in manner similar to telephone system

Three important concepts:

1. Packet switching

2. TCP/IP communications protocol

3. Client/server computing

T1-Lecture-3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc1-10

Packet SwitchingPacket SwitchingPacket Switching:Slices digital messages into packetsSends packets along different communication paths as they become availableReassembles packets once they arrive at destination

Uses routers

Special purpose computers that interconnect the computer networks make up the Internet and route packets.

Routing algorithms ensure packets take the best available path toward their destination.

Less expensive, wasteful than circuit-switching.


Packet SwitchingPacket Switching

Packet Switching Demo http://www.pbs.org/opb/nerds2.0.1/geek_glossary/packet_switching_flash.html


Key Concept Related to TCP/IPKey Concept Related to TCP/IPProtocolA set of rules and standards for data transferTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) the core communications protocol for the Internet

TCPProtocol that establishes the connections among sending and receiving Web computers and handles the assembly of packets at the point of transmission, and their reassembly at the receiving end

IPprotocol that provides the Internet’s addressing scheme and is responsible for the actual delivery of the packets


TCP/IPTCP/IPInternet Protocol (IP):

Provides the Internet’s addressing scheme.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Establishes connections between sending and receiving Web computersHandles assembly of packets at point of transmission, and reassembly at receiving end

Four TCP/IP Layers (hourglass model) 1. Network Interface Layer2. Internet Layer3. Transport Layer4. Application Layer


The TCP/IP Architecture and Protocol The TCP/IP Architecture and Protocol SuiteSuite


Key Concept Related to TCP/IPKey Concept Related to TCP/IPNetwork Interface Layer: Responsible for placing packets on, and receiving them from, the network medium.

Internet Layer Responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing messages on the Internet

Transport Layer Responsible for providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets to and from the application


Key Concept Related to TCP/IPKey Concept Related to TCP/IPApplication Layer Provides a wide variety of applications (HTTP, FTP, SMTP ) with the ability to access the services of the lower layers of TCP/IP.Internet addressInternet address expressed a unique number that appears as a series numbers separated with periods, such as 64.49.254.91 carrying the address of an individual machine on the internet.


Internet (IP) AddressesInternet (IP) AddressesHow 500 million people will be addressed?The answer is IP addressing version 4 (IPv4) used previously and IP addressing version 6 (IPv6) a new version introduced lately to accommodate more clients.IPv432-bit number IPv4 can handle 4 billion.Expressed as series of four sets of separate numbers marked off by periods e.g. 201.61.186.227 or 130.111.67.244

Class B address: (130.111.67.244) Network identified by first two sets, computer identified by last set Class C address: (201.61.186.227)Network identified by first three sets, computer identified by last set


T1-Lecture-3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc

Internet (IP) AddressesInternet (IP) AddressesIPv6A newer version of the IP protocol, called IPv6, has been developed. IPv6 provides for 128-bit addresses, or about 1 quadrillion

(10 to the power15)

Slide 3-19

Checking your IPChecking your IP

From start menu click RunType cmd in dialogue boxType ipconfig

T1-Lecture-3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc

Slide 3-20

Routing Internet Messages: Routing Internet Messages: TCP/IP and Packet SwitchingTCP/IP and Packet Switching

The Internet uses packet-switched networks and the TCP/IP communications protocol to send, route, and assemble messages. Messages are broken into packets, and packets from the same message can travel along different routes.


Domain Names, DNS, and URLsDomain Names, DNS, and URLsDomain NameIP address expressed in natural language

comsats.edu.pk 203.124.43.105

Domain Name System (DNS)Allows numeric IP addresses to be expressed in natural language

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Address used by Web browser to identify location of content on the Webe.g., http://www.azimuth-interactive.com/flash_test/potocol/server/file


How to Pick a Domain NameHow to Pick a Domain NamePointer for picking domain namesIf you sell bricks, pick a domain name containing a word like brickConsider name length and ease of remembering the nameHyphens to force search engines to see keywords in your domain nameMake sure the domain name is easy for Web users to remember and findThe domain name should suggest the nature of your product or serviceThe domain name should serve as a trademarkThe domain name should be free of legal conflicts


Some memorable Internet Some memorable Internet namesnames

Good names◦ Amazon.com

◦ Ebay.com

◦ Yahoo.com

◦ Google.com

◦ Alibaba.com

◦ Hotmail.com

◦ qwerty.com

Bad names◦ Yadayada.com

◦ Doggles.com

◦ ePet.com

◦ Teacherstalk.com

◦ “anything”online.com

◦ llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwyll-llantysiliogogogoch.com

◦ Close to an existing name Gooogle.com Goggle.com


How to Register a Domain NameHow to Register a Domain Name if you are interested a domain In Pakistan (.pk )

You may use :

https://nexus.pk/pknic.php

If you want to register an international domain .com you may try :

http://www.register.com/


How to Register a Domain Name in Pakistan?How to Register a Domain Name in Pakistan?


How to Register an international Domain Name ? How to Register an international Domain Name ?


The Internet TodayThe Internet TodayInternet growth has boomed without disruption because it is based on some powerful applications using the following architecture:

1.Client/server computing model

2.Pear to Pear P2P Model

3.Cloud Computing

4. Hourglass, layered architecture◦ Network Technology Substrate◦ Transport Services and Representation Standards◦ Middleware Services◦ Applications


Client/Server ComputingClient/Server Computing

Powerful personal computers (clients) connected in network with one or more servers

Servers perform common functions for the clients, such as Storing files, software applications, etc.


Client ServerClient Server


The New Client: The Emerging Mobile The New Client: The Emerging Mobile PlatformPlatform

Within a few years, primary Internet access will be through:Netbooks

◦ Designed to connect to wireless Internet◦ Under 2 lbs, solid state memory, 8” displays◦ $200–400

Smartphones◦ Disruptive technology: Processors, operating systems


Cloud ComputingCloud Computing

Obtain Software and hardware as ServiceFirms and individuals obtain computing power (hardware) and software over Internet

◦ E.g., Google Apps

Fastest growing form of computingRadically reduces costs of:

◦ Building and operating Web sites◦ Infrastructure, IT support◦ Hardware, software


Cloud ComputingCloud Computing


Cloud Computing ModelCloud Computing Model


Other Internet Protocols and Utility Other Internet Protocols and Utility ProgramsProgramsInternet protocolsHTTPE-mail: SMTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP, Telnet, SSL

Utility programsPingTracertPathpingNSlookup

Slide 3-37T1-Lecture-3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the Internet protocol used to transfer Web pages HTTP was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).HTTP runsin the Application Layer of the TCP/IP modelAn HTTP session begins by the client’s browser requesting a resource, such as a Web page, from a remote Internet server. When the server responds by sending the page requested, the HTTPsession for that object ends. Web pages may have many objects such as graphics, sound or video files, frames, so each object must be requested by a separate HTTP message. The most common HTTP request message is Get, used to request a resource

Other Internet Protocols and Utility ProgramsOther Internet Protocols and Utility Programs


Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) Is an Internet protocol used to send e-mail to a server. SMTP is a relatively simple, text-based protocol that was developed in the early 1980s. SMTP handles only the sending of e-mail.



To retrieve e-mail from a server, The client computer uses

Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)A protocol used by the client to retrieve mail from an Internet server and then delete themessages on the server, or retain them on the server.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP).IMAP is a more current e-mail protocol supported by all browsers and most servers and ISPs. IMAP allows users to search, organize, and filter their mail prior to downloading it from the server.



File Transfer Protocol (FTP)One of the original Internet services. Part of the TCP/IP protocol that permits users to transfer files from the server to their client computer, and vice versa.The files can be documents, programs, or large database files. FTP is the fastest and most convenient way to transfer files larger than 1 megabyte, which some e-mail servers will not accept

TelnetA terminal emulation program that runs in TCP/IP.The term Telnet also refers to the Telnet program, which provides the client part of the protocol and enables the client to emulate a mainframe computer terminal.



Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol that operates between the Transport and Application Layers of TCP/IP and secures communications between the client and the server. SSL helps secure e-commerce communications and payments through a variety of techniques such as message encryption and digital signatures



P2P P2P Class DiscussionClass Discussion

How does P2P networking differ from client/server networking?

Why is P2P networking a potential money-saver for corporations and other organizations?

What are some illegal uses of P2P networking?

What are some legal uses of P2P networking?

What other alternatives are there for streaming large video files?

Slide 3-43T1-Lecture-3 Ahmed Mumtaz Mustehsan Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc

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