CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE GUIDELINE“A ladder to successful agriculture in Tanzania”

Presented By: Theresia MassoySenior Livestock Officer

Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries – TanzaniaPresented in Side event @ COP22,EU Pavilion

Marrakechtmassoi@yahoo.com

INTRODUCTION

• Agriculture is the mainstay of Tanzanian’seconomy.

• Employs 77.5 per cent of the population• Contributes about 95 percent of the national

food requirements (ACRP, 2014).• Diverse agro-ecological/agro-climatic

conditions and landscapes• Rain fed Agriculture (Bimodal/Unimodal)• Smallholder farmers (0.2 to 2.0 ha farm size)

are the majority and currently experiencingCC impacts

Hence the need build resilience of the foodsystem under increased CC&V

Why need guideline?

Diversity• AECZ• ACZ• Livelihood system• Farming system

1. INTRODUCTION– Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture– Agriculture Impacts on Climate Change– Adaptation and Mitigation in Agriculture– Climate-Smart Agriculture– Gender, Youth and Climate-smart Agriculture– Policy and Legal Context

2. OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY3. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES, CSA

PRACTICES AND TECHNOLOGIES– Climate Change Impacts and Farmers Adaptation

Strategies– CSA Practices and Technologies

4. ROLES AND APPROACHES FOR CSA IMPLEMENTATIONAND UP-SCALING

– Approaches– Challenges for Implementation and Up-scaling

5. RECOMMENDATIONS– Capacity Building Needs– Key Requirements for Implementation and up-

scaling CSA– Monitoring and Evaluation Plan

6. CONCLUSIONS

CC Impacts on Agriculture

11/14/2016

Agriculture Impacts on Climate Change• Land use changes (deforestation-Logging, agricultural activities +

crop & Livestock)• Key emitters: forestry-deforestation (biomass burning 48%), and

agriculture, primarily from livestock (CH4 from enteric fermentation18% and others (N2O) from manure left on pasture, burningsavannah and cropland

The need for Adaptation and Mitigation

• Adaptation (highest priority in TZ)• Mitigation (efficiency on inputs & promoting best

agronomic practices and technologies, feeding andmanure management in Livestock, forest cover)Co-benefit

Need to have gender sensitive strategies aiming atadapting to CC and reducing its impacts through

research, awareness raising, advocacy,mobilization and empowerment of most

vulnerable communitiesØHENCE ! CSA part of the solution.......

Why gender sensitive in CSA?Because:

• Gender is pertinent to CSA hence the need tointegrate gender in CSA technologies andpractices

• Climate-smart T&P have substantial andhighly context-specific implications for genderroles.

• Gender roles influence and drive theadoption of CSA technologies and practices.

Policy and Legal context

• URT has put in place sectoral policies,Legislations, strategies and plans to enhanceagricultural growth, natural resourcemanagement and CC interventions through CSA.• NAP-2013• ACRP-2014-2019• TZ-CSA programme• Plant Breeders Rights• Fertiliser Act• TAFSIP

CSA???• Sustainably increases productivity,• Building resilience,• Reduces or removes GHGs and enhances

achievement of national food security andSDG-,1.2.5.6.13.14.15 etc

Therefore

CSA guideline provides a roadmap

Guideline Objectives & Target Users

UsersDistricts development

plannersExtension agents.

Policy makersPrivate sectors engaging

in agricultural relatedissues,

Researchers (private &public sectors,

Farmers & CSOs

To guide identification of suitabletechnologies and practices for successful

implementation of CSA to enhanceagricultural production;

To facilitate planningfor implementation

and up-scaling ofCSA.

To guide inidentification of

approaches and keyrequirements for

successful CSAimplementation

2

1

3

Uses• Assist Policy makers in formulating policies and

regulations and support strategies, programs,plans and related incentives for CSAimplementation and up-scaling;

• Guiding development actors, extension services,research institutions and private sector topromote CSA practices and technologies;

• Create awareness, building knowledge andcapacity on CSA as an approach for climate changemainstreaming and environmental management inthe agriculture sector; and

• Monitoring of CSA implementation.

Inception

Baselinesurvey(16LHZ/18Region overlaying

64AEZ)

StakeholdersWorkshop and

Validation

Methodology

Task Force and Stakeholder inputs

CSAguideline

From the baseline

• CC is obvious• Negative impacts are vividly seen• Farmers knowledgeable on issues related CC• Limited knowledge on CSA• Employ Adaptation Strategies (varied from place to

place)

• Different practices are promoted by Researchers,NGO (crops &Livestock)

CSA packages of technologies andpractices in the study regions

Crop Management Practices and Technologies

Crops1. Rain Water Harvesting and Storage Practices and Technologies.

(i) Rain water harvesting and storage structures (ii) Chololo pits2. Irrigation Practices and Technologies. (i) Drip/trickle irrigation (ii) SRI (iii)

Irrigation canal lining3. Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Technologies (i) Ridging &

Tie-ridging (ii) Water Retaining/Harvesting Pits4. Terraces (different types)5. Agroforestry Practices and Technologies (i) Trees in crop land (iii)

Rotational woodlot (iv) Improved fallow (v) Fodder bank (vi) Treeplanting / afforestation

6. Conservation Agriculture practices and technologies (i) Cover cropping(ii) Mulching (iii) Crop Rotation (iv) Intercropping (v) Min / Zero

Tillage(vi) Crop Residue Management

7. Soil Fertility Management Practices and Technologies (i) Manuring (ii)Efficient Use of Fertilizer (Micro Dosing) (iii) Integrated Soil FertilityManagement (iv) Integrated Soil Fertility Management

8. Crop Management Practices and Technologies (i) Adapted crops andcrop varieties (ii) IPM (iii) Timely/early planting/sowing

9. Crop Insurance11/14/2016 17

Improved Livestock Management Practices and technologies

Livestock 1. Improved Livestock Breeds

2. Adapted livestock

3. Improved Feeding (i) Traditional in-situ fodder conservation system

(ii) Ngitili (iii) Olelii (iv) Alternative Source of Water for Livestock (iii) Zero

Grazing (iv) Pasture Management

4. Manure Management

1. Pond Aquaculture/Fish Ponds2. Integrated Aquaculture and Cage Culture3. Sustainable Fishing

1. Bee-keeping2. Climate Information Services3. Improved Cooking Stoves4. Improved Post-Harvest

11/14/2016 18

Fisheries

Others

ROLES AND APPROACHES FOR CSAIMPLEMENTATION AND UP-SCALING

RolesGovernment• Sensitize and create awareness on impacts of CC,

appropriate technologies and practices for adaptation.• Capacity building• Documentation, wide sharing and dissemination of

identified CSA technologies and practices.• Partnership/collaboration• Financial support and Financing R&D• Intensify field demonstration-FFS• Establish a feedback mechanism for evaluation process• Monitor crops, livestock and fish pests and diseases

ROLES ...........

• NGOs, and development and researchpartners

• Private Sector• Farmers• Media

ApproachesCharacteristics

– Integrating different extension providers

• Gender Responsive Approach• Community Based Approach

• FFA &FSA

• Farmer-to-farmer Extension Approach• Champion farmers

• Landscapes and Ecosystems Services Approach• Payment for Ecosystem Services• Innovation Platforms• Information and Knowledge Generation and Sharing Approach• Coordination Forum Approach• Sustainable Market Linkage Approach

Challenges for Implementation andUp-scaling

• Inadequate financial resources,• Poor market access for farmers to adopt, and thus

agricultural production is still undertaken usingrudimentary technologies

• Failure to support adoption of new and existingimproved agricultural technologies.

• Low or non-adoption of recommended agriculturalproduction practices

• Poor and inefficient extension services

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Capacity Building Needs (National, Local toFarmers level)– Awareness– Training

• Integrate climate change topics in the syllabus• Improve capacity and knowledge on M&E of CSA

– Enabling Access to Resource Provision, ImprovedAccess (Information Packages) and Dissemination ofClimate Information Services

– Risk Management and Insurance Scheme inAgriculture (Mitigation/Coping/Transfer)

Key Requirements for Implementationand up-scaling CSA

• Improved Productivity, Building Resilience andAssociated Mitigation Co-benefits

• Value chain integration• Research for Development and Innovations• Improving and Sustaining Agricultural Advisory

Services• Climate and weather forecasting• Effective Institutional Coordination• Integration among Practices

CONCLUSION• The Guideline outline different practices and technologies

based on– AEC/ACZ/Livelihood systems– There are various roles suggested to be fulfilled by

different stake holders(Govt, DP, CSO, Private sector &Farmers

– Good enabling environment that are hinged in global/Regional and National policy framework

• Operationalization of the CSA guideline is an importantstep toward achieving the global and national goals ofsustainable agriculture production in a changing climate

Monitoring and Evaluation Plan

Objective

PerformanceIndicators(AggregateIndicators)

Data Source

CollectionMethods

(Tools andProcesses)

Frequency Responsibility

•The M&E plan will track progress at all levelsof the CSA guidelines implementation

Acknowledgement

Support From• FAO-Rome and Tanzania• Finland• EU• UNEP• CCAFS• Participants & All other Stakeholders

• Thank you for listening