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CS101 Topical Lecture on Ubiquitous Computing

Umar Saif

Why they let me in?

I am as surprised as youI don’t have a beard

Maybe because I am one of youB.Sc.’98

….. current pretense: Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department

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How I plan to bore you?

I have spent the last 8 years or so working on future computing technologies

Called Ubiquitous Computing

This lecture is a glimpse of “what could be …”

Rate of Growth in Computing Power

Source: Intel Corporation

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Computing Trends

Embedded Computers

80% 12%

Des

ktop

s

6 % Vehicles2% Robots

Computing Trends

70s --- Many People One computer80s --- Many People Many computers90s --- One Person Many Computers

Future --- Non-Desktop Computing

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The Next Revolution in Computer Science is to Make Computers Disappear …..

Vision

Make Computing a walk in the woods rather than a visit to a dentist [Mark Weiser]Make Computing as

essential pervasiveand easy to use

…… as Oxygen [LCS/MIT]

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Ingredients are already available

Handheld ComputersEmbedded DevicesWireless NetworksUnobtrusive HCI

…. bringing invisible computing power in our lives

EconomicsMarket for IP-enabled (web-based) devices estimated at

3.5 billion dollars by 2005

Home Control Networking Systems Equipment Revenue (Source: Applied Bussiness Intelligence Inc)

0500

100015002000250030003500

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

USD

(Mill

ions

)

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Computers Are Getting “better”

> $10 Million< $1

EDSAC, 1947 Phone SIM, 2004

Motivation for Oxygen …

We finally realized that computers were no good

We serve computers, computers don’t serve us They only play on their terms; use a keyboard and mouse, learn Java They don’t care about us; our location, preferences, constraints

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Pervasive Human-centered Computing

If computers were any good, they wouldInteract in a natural wayUnderstand my intentRespect my preferences, location, constraintsAdapt to my requirements

Project Oxygen

Active for over four yearsFunded by DARPA and the Oxygen Industrial Consortium -- $50 Million over 5 years

Nokia, NTT, Nippon, HP, Delta, Acer, Phillips

“Computing should be as natural and unobtrusive as Oxygen”

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CMI Initiative on Pervasive Computing

Cambridge-MIT Institute65 Million Pounds by the British government and industrial partnersCollaborative research between Cambridge and MIT

Pervasive Computing is one of the four major research thrusts

So what we do ..

Just about everythingPower-efficient, adaptable super-computersHuman-centered interfacesEmbedded Operating SystemsSelf-organizing networksLocation tracking technologiesIntent-based programming

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Human Interaction

SketchesSpoken Interfaces

Dialogue SystemsMulti-modal interfaces

Multimodal Interfaces

Video of gesture and speech Human-Computer-Interaction

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Tangible Interfaces

Tangible Interfaces

Designer’s Outpost video

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RAW: Embedded, Adaptable Hardware

DR

AM

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AM

DR

AM

PCI x 2

PCI x 2

DRAM

D/A

DRAM

DRAM

DRAM

DRAM

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

CS

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Compute Pipeline

SMEM PC

X

DATACACHEPC

IMEMQuickTime™ and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

• Tiled-microprocessor, 16 tiles on-chip• Exposes both logic and wires to software through a new ISA • Software programs the tiles and interconnets to customize the chip •Stream-oriented, energy-efficient hardware

RAW Applications: H21

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

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RAW Video

BeamForming Video

MIT Roofnet: Free Computation

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

• Adhoc• Self-organizing• Free (almost)

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Cricket: Location Tracking

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Indoor Location System

• RF + Ultrasonic• Beacons transmit ultrasonic “chirps”• Listeners compute information by triangulation of beacons

• Preserves Privacy (unlike active bats, badges)

Location-aware Applications

Video of follow-me-music using cricket location system

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Follow-me-video

Video of follow-me-video application using adaptive network connections

Putting it all together

O2S: Oxygen Operating SystemHow to program, maintain and adapt applications in a dynamically changing environment

Goal-oriented ProgrammingIntent-based, implicative programming“What” rather than “how”

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Demo

Video of intent-based programming

Mary 101

Demo of video realistic animation