CS-LNF 31 May 2006• Agenda:

• Second generation at DAFNE. Precision physics

• Nuclear physics• Particle physics• “High energy” physics

• Is it worth doing it?...How and when…?

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

FINUDA FINUDA ?-KLOE2?SIDDHARTA

FEL – SPARC

HILL – FLAME Accelerazione Laser

CNAO

SPARCX- TORVERGATA

LNF-INFN horizon

Synchrotron light at DAFNE

LINAC BTF

KLOE

CTF3- Comb.Ring AND RUNNING AT CERN

DAFNE UPGRADES

ILC LHC RF-X

TESLA

DAFNE RUNNING AND MAINTENANCE

SPARX-ino?

To have a second generation experiment at LNF ……………..we have to say it now……………

COLLIDERS

FACTORIES

SUPERFACTORIES

Linear colliders

DAfne New Adjustable Energy : letter of intents

49 Authors

FrascatiNovosibirskBrookhaven

SLACJapan?

50ft-1 in 5 years

1-2.4 GeV total energy

8-10 *1032 cm-2 s-1(11 ft-1/ anno)

DANAEDANAEEnergy and Luminosity RangeEnergy and Luminosity Range

Energy @center of mass (GeV) 1.02 2.4

Integrated Luminosity per year (ftbarn-1) > 10 1

Total integrated luminosity > 50 3

Peak luminosity > (cm-2sec-1) 1033 1032

LETTER OF INTENTS AUTHORS INSTITUTES IST-ESTERI1) AMADEUS 111 30 242) DANAE-L 7 LNF3) DANTE 72 22 114) KLOE-2 70 12 7

Use of DANE buildingsUse of DANE infrastructuresUse of DANE injection system + upgrade of transfer linesUse of large part of magnets, diagnostics

New • Dipoles• Wigglers• Rf system• Vacuum chamber• Interaction region

Application of new technologies Use of all expertise and experience of DANEUse of DANE runs for R&D while increasing L for next experiments

DANAE layout

SC wigglers

Sc rf

INJECTION

IROnly one IR

Continuous injection……..

Table II – DANAE design parameters as a -factory, and at the maximum energy, compared with DANE parameters at the present peak luminosity.

Units DANEDANAE

@ DANAE1.2 GeV

Energy (center of mass) Ecm GeV 1.02 1.02 2.4

Energy per ring E GeV 0.51 0.51 1.2

Circumference C m 97.69 96.34 96.34

Revolution frequency Frev MHz 3.07 3.11 3.11

Time between collisions Tc nsec 2.7 2 6

Bunch spacing sb m 0.81 0.60 1.80

Half crossing angle /2 mrad 15 15 15

# of Colliding Bunches Nb 110 150 30

More bunches…….

Particles per bunch Npart (1010) 2-3 3 3.4

Beam current (e-/e+) I A 1.4/1.3 2.25 0.5

Bunch current (e-/e+) Ib mA 13/12 15 16.6

Peak Luminosity (1032) Lpeak cm-2sec-1 1.5 10 > 2

Specific Luminosity/bunch (1028)

Lsp cm-2sec-1mA-2 0.9 3 3

H function @ IP H m 2 1 1

V function @ IP V cm 1.8 0.8 1

Horizontal emittance m rad 0.4 0.45 0.45

Coupling factor 1.1 0.5 0.5

H in collision x mm 1.26 0.95 0.95

V in collision y m 12.6 6 6.7

Beam-beam tune shift x 0.026 0.030 0.014

y 0.025 0.038 0.020

Bunch length (e-/e+) L cm 3/2 1 1.5

Piwinski angle rad 0.42 0.22 .33

Momentum compaction c 0.027 0.02 0.03

More specific luminosity……….more current…

Units DANEDANAE

@ DANAE1.2 GeV

* *4coll

x y

f N NL

N+N-

Increasing of cross section with current due - Beam-beam- Single beam effects (Single bunch effects + Total current effects)Stronger for lower energy

Increasing the luminosity by:Increasing the slope (smaller cross section)Increasing the current Fighting the blowup effects

Higher luminosities

DANE highest L

DANAE LATTICE

Energy spread – bunch length – rf system

2 22 3

2 42qE

q

CIC

E I I

2c cE EL

s o

c Ec

E heV E

More radiation :larger energy spread – longer bunch

Bunch length can be shortenedby increasing h, V

Natural bunch length and energy spread at low current are definedby the magnetic lattice, the momentum compaction and the rf system

Short bunch length at high current:• Low impedance• High voltage

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

0 10 20 30 40 50

Measurements 2000Simulation 1998Measurements 2004

I [mA]

FWHM/2.3548 [cm]

2/

2/

c E lth

E e EI

Z n R

Above the microwave instability current thresholdL increases with the current, not depending on c

SIMULATIONS and MEASUREMENTS ON DANE

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

I [mA]

SigmaZ [mm]

alfa = +0.02

alfa = -0.02

alfa = -0.03

SIMULATIONS for DANAE

DANAE lattice and dynamic aperture

IT IS EASIER

Increasing the luminosity by:Increasing the slope (smaller cross section)Fighting the blowup effects

BUTPower = Current x Energy loss

Higher energies Higher Magnetic fields

P (a.u.)

N+N- or L (a.u.)

E = 0.51 GeV

E = 1.2 GeV

Limit in power =Limit in current

4 22 2,o dip wigU I E I E

12 DIPOLES per ring normal conducting

Maximum field: 1.72 T

Gap = 4.3 cm

I2 = 2.7 m-1

1.72 T Dipole Magnet, POISSON simulation

SC Wigglers to further increase radiation

Lw = 6 m @ B = 4 Tx (@510 MeV) = 13 msec I2 = 22 m-1 x (@1.2 GeV) = 5 msec I2 = 6 m-1

2

2

1

2 w

Bi L

B

Energy 0.51 1.2

Maximum magnetic field Bmax T 4 4

Total number of poles 19 19

Total length m 2.96 2.96

Central pole length cm 16 16

End poles length cm 8 8

2nd and penultimate poles length cm 12 12

End poles field ratio with Bmax 0.5 0.5

2nd and penultimate field ratio with Bmax 1 1

Max trajectory oscillation mm 6 2.5

Path – wiggler length difference mm 11.8 2.1

Total vertical beam stay clear cm 2 2

Total horizontal beam stay clear cm 8.5 8.5

E = 0.51 GeV E = 1.2 GeV

DANAE wiggler parameters

By (s)

By (x)

By/By = 5 10-4 @ 2 cm

SC Wiggler built at BINPBmax = 7 Tfor SIBERIAII

Collaboration with BINP group:

RF system Harmonic number : 160Maximum # bunches: 150

-Energy High Energy

fRF 500 MHz

VRF 0.5 MV 1.5 MV

type SC, KEKB-like

R/Q 46 Ω

Q0 2 ∙ 109 @ 4.2 K

Rs 92 GΩ

PRF 1.5 W 12.5 W

PStatic 40 W

Ib 2.25 A 0.5 A

U rad 21.4 keV 165 keV

PBeam 48 kW 82.5 kW

100 kW CW, IOT or Klystron

Qext 32 ∙ 103 6.6 ∙ 103

DANAE Interaction Region – tunable with energy and Bsol

Compatible with KLOE detectorSC low beta quads + skews + antisolenoids

SC coils winding procedure – Brookhaven (Brett Parker)

Transverse view

DANAE QD DANAE Antisolenoid

2D Longitudinal view

B. Parker design

VACUUM CHAMBERS

Keep more regular vacuum chamber shape (experience from DANE and CTF3)Use of small ICE wih negligible impedanceTi coating for e+ surfacesOptimisation of slots and bellows for 1 cm bunch lengths

Negligible contribution to impedance of short ICEs

CTF3 vacuum chambers

Longitudinal Feedback kicker

Parameters of PEPII kicker, designed by LNF, almost equal to DANAE ones.

Injection system

•Linac + Accumulatore OK •Doubling transfer lines for optimizing <L>•New kickers (R&D on DANE in progress)•Ramping for high energy option

The High Luminosity option needs

continuous injection

Tentative schedule

• To CDR and Project approval (2006)• To + 1 year call for tender• To + 2 years construction and delivery• To + 3 years DANE decommissioning and

DANAE installation • To + 4 years 1st beam for commissioning and for 1st experiment (2010)

Boosting DANAE basic performances

• Crab cavity

• Twisted crab

• Strong rf focusing

• ………

• ……… Very intense R&D on DAFNE is possible

….make a choise….the right one………….. and do it quickly….....

Questions to answer:

1) Is it the physics (particle and nuclear) worth doing?2) Should we include the high energy option?3) Which machine R&D’s have priority?4) How to proceed?

1) Which detector upgrades are necessary?2) Does it exists a collaboration willing to do it?

Running cost for electric energy only

Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 tot costo ENEL

Lum.Int DAFNE 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 35 Me

Lum.Int DANAE 5 0 2 2 2 2 2 15 Me Save 20 Me

In 5 years it will be too expensive to run DAFNE!

Basic DANAE Parameters N-N

Energy per beam E GeV 0.51 1.2

Circumference C m 100 100

Luminosity L cm-2 sec-1 1033 1032

Current per beam I A 2.5 0.5

N of bunches Nb 150 30

Particles per bunch N 1010 3.1 3.4

Emittance mm mrad 0.45 0.45

Horizontal beta* x m 1 1

Vertical beta* y cm 0.8 1

Bunch length L cm 1 1.5

Coupling % 0.5 0.5

Energy lost per turn Uo (keV) 21 165

L damping time x (msec) 7.6 2.2

Beam Power Pw (kW) 48 (42w + 6d) 83 (43w + 40d)

Power per meter Pw/m (kW/m) 7w + 0.4d 7.2w + 2.7d