CS 1308 Computer Literacy and the Internet

How do we look at Social Issues? Financial Moral Ethical Legal

The ATM

Convenience Unemployment Alienation and Customer Service Crime Loss of Privacy Errors

Philosophical Issues

Do we have a right to Privacy? Is it in the Constitution?

Value of Privacy Right to Privacy?

Warren and Brandeis People have the right to prohibit publication of facts and

photographs JJ Thomson

Depends on the kind of information, some is public

Posner Economics of Privacy Information has inherent value

Consumer Information

Data mining (How is the data gathered?)

Junk Mail Credit Bureaus Medical Information

Government Files

Computer Matching Computer Profiling IRS National Crime Information Center US Census SSN

Questions

1) Should the United States create a system with a National Health Card?

2) Should all the public records in the court system be placed on the internet for easy retrieval?

Uses of Encryption

Electronic transfer Personal information Financial data Medical records Trade secrets Cable TV signals Others…

Is it Needed?

Protection from Terrorists and Criminals

300-500 legal wiretaps per year in ’80s and 90’s Cost? Necessity?

Global Competition

Key Escrow

Government Key Escrow Clipper Chip

Commercial Key Escrow Employee not available Malicious actions

Computer Crime

Fraud Theft Hacking

Customer Fraud

Common scams Fraudulent internet sites Incorrect bar code scanning

How do these compare to the “rigged gas station” or “coffee can?”

Defending Against Fraud

Credit Cards Authenticate first use Signatures Photos “One-time-only” cards

Is the situation different because of the internet?

Fraud and Embezzlement

“Insider” crimes Defending against insider crimes

Common Fraud Credit Cards ATMs Telecommunications Satellite/Cable TV

Sabotage and Information Theft Insider attacks

Logic Bombs Deleting or encrypting files

Outside attacks Competitors “Hackers”

Hacking

The meaning of the word has changed Traditional hacking

Stolen disk space Rerouting and stealing phone service

“Captain Crunch”

Internet hacking Denial of service attacks Web site defacing Theft of information

Security Weakness

Why is security so weak? Poor network administration Operating System design

If they can’t find me… Security through secrecy

New issues Broadband to the home

Computer Crime Law

Old laws were not enough New laws difficult to write in time to

keep up with technology Laws tend to punish “crimes against

the state” at a higher level Where to prosecute?

Ethical Issues

Is hacking good? Exposes security flaws Information should be free Phone companies are ripping us off

anyway

Intellectual Property

How valuable are ideas? DMCA

Copyright

Gives copyright holder exclusive rights to: Make copies Produce derivative works such as

translations or movies based on books Distribute copies Perform work in public Display work in public

Fair Use Doctrine

Uses the following factors: Purpose and nature of the use

Nonprofit, educational Nature of the work Amount and significance of the work

used The effect of the use on market value or

potential profit

Fair Use Cases

Videotaping Internet

Posting copyrighted material Reusing copyrighted material

Graphics CGI scripts

Multiple computers

Patents

Reward the inventor with exclusivity Protects “things” and processes

Not individual expressions Patent Office not technical experts

Software Piracy

Protecting software copyright Laws Hardware solutions Software solutions Contractual changes

Software Publishers Association (SPA)

Free Software? Richard Stallman

Cyber Gap

Future jobs White Collar vs. Blue Collar Service Industry Computers taking “skilled” jobs

Drafting Programming

Education

Information Access

Universal Access Is it necessary? A place to go Easy to use hardware and software

ADA Training

Affordability Subsidized?

Political Issues

Information is a force for freedom Freedom of the press Curtailing information flow

China Vietnam Singapore US Iran

Internet developed to withstand failure Sees censorship as a system failure