Crystal Hot Springs Located in Draper, Utah, near Point-of- the Mountain Series of natural warm...
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Transcript of Crystal Hot Springs Located in Draper, Utah, near Point-of- the Mountain Series of natural warm...
Crystal Hot Springs
• Located in Draper, Utah, near Point-of-the Mountain
• Series of natural warm springs and ponds
• Used since pioneer times for stock watering, recreational swimming, log floating, beaver raising
• Area has been rural in nature since pioneer times, now facing heavy urban development pressure
• Crystal Hot Springs is in a good geographic position for more intensive use – the prison might be relocated
• Geo-Exchange vs Geothermal– Heat pump to take advantage
of differential temperature of air or soil
– Not considered renewable energy
– Not considered geothermal energy
• Direct Use vs Indirect Use– Deep circulation of meteoric
water through terrestrial heator
– Water arising from cooling of a magma body – possibly Roosevelt and Cove Fort
• Crystal Hot Springs is located in Intermountain fault system
• The spring system is located between two closely spaced range-front faults that are intersected by a north-northeast striking fault.
• The geothermal system is fed by mountain rain and snowfall that descend through fractured bedrock
• Geothermal heat is from normal terrestrial heat flow rather than from igneous rock
• Geothermal water quality meets secondary drinking water standards
• Deep well temperature reaches 195ºF
• Artesian flow varies from 600 to 1,000 gallons per minute
• A long-term decline in ground water table is due to regional well pumping
• The groundwater system may be limestone that produces corrosive CO2
Regional Drought Conditions
Summer pond level is usually higher than winter
Crystal Hot SpringsSalt Lake County
N
Bluffdale Flowers
Utah Prison
High Tech Fisheries
I-15 Freeway
Ponds
Oquirrh 4
To Jordan River
Future Wetland
Scale: ¼ mile
Utah Department of Corrections – Draper Prison
Collaborative Effort
and
Performance Contract
---
- Utah Department of Corrections
- Utah Department of Facilities Construction and Management (DFCM)
- Johnson Controls, ESCO
- Utah Energy Office
Reduce facility operation and maintenance costs
• Prison totals 1.1 million square feet
• Base year total annual energy cost of $2.0 million
• Project includes measures for:– Electric load
– building heat load
– Water demand
– Solid waste
• Maximum overall cost of $5,800,000
• Minimum annual savings of $228,000
1983 Geothermal Heat Project
• Original project supplied space heat and hot water to the Oquirrh 4 dormitory, gymnasium, cafeteria and offices
• Heavy corrosion shut down equipment after about one year of operation
• Failure caused by intrusion of air into system, CO2, minerals and lack of adequate system materials
• System abandoned in place
• One well site lost to memory
2003 Phase I Geothermal
• Supply building heat and hot water to Oquirrh 4 buildings totaling 40,000 square feet
• Hollow masonry, single pane windows, dampers fixed
• Use existing circulation system with automatic back-up to campus steam system
• Installation cost $519,000
• $68,000 minimum annual savings in avoided cost of fossil fuel
• 7.6 year payback on investment
• 17 year equipment life
• New plate and frame heat exchanger
• Variable speed drive on the building side for heat control
• Constant speed pump on geothermal side to prevent air intrusion supply 240 to 300 gallons per minute
• Digital controls
• Existing fan and coil space heat distribution system
• No holding tank, few strainers and limited entry of valves and sensors
• Improved materials such as fiberglass reinforced plastic pipes
• Geothermal temperature of 185ºF and maximum 40 ºF drop across exchanger
• Outfall water can reach 160ºF, usable for additional downstream use
• Initial savings in avoided natural gas use are estimated at $17,000 per month for winter months
• Use of 100 percent make-up air to meet indoor air quality standard and poor insulation quality of Oquirrh 4 buildings suggest that savings in avoided natural gas may be under-estimated
Phase II Geothermal - 2005
• Replace the fixed speed 10-horsepower geothermal well pump by a 25-horsepower variable speed drive that can potentially deliver up to the full water right of 750 gpm
• Add a second heat exchanger
• Expand building heat and hot water to the prison furniture shop, sewing shop and Special Service Dormitory that may total 252,350 square feet of building area.
• Geothermal system success may require improved fan-coil heaters, upgraded insulation and digital controls and improvements to the existing back-up boiler to better fit the geothermal system
Bluffdale Flowers
• Formerly known as “Utah Roses” began business in 1981
• Clearfield commercial greenhouses were formerly in Clearfield and Sandy
• Natural gas and fuel oil were used for heating greenhouse space
• Geothermal well in Sandy, 5,000 feet deep, 120º F water
• Initial geothermal system provided 250 gallons per minute
• Current greenhouse space totals 250,000 square feet
• Buildings and equipment from other sites have been moved to Draper site
• An expansion of greenhouse space is tentatively underway, totaling 80,000 to 250,000 square feet
• Production of fish for culinary use is being considered
• Temporary elimination of heat exchanger resulted in immediate corrosion of distribution system
• Plate and frame heat exchanger intake is at 185ºF, discharge at 160ºF
• No back-up heating system existing – greenhouse space may descend to near freezing in winter
• Bluffdale circulates heated water both above and below the growing tables
• City water is used for heat exchanger and irrigation due to poor quality well water
• Drilling of wells east of freeway may prove successful, as done by the prison
• Re-heating of geothermal flow by natural gas may be needed to heat that new space.
• Natural gas may augment geothermal for space heat and provide for on-site power generation due to high electrical load for fan and pump motors
• - At present, foreign competition in the flower business is complicating the decision to expand
• - Drought conditions are evident in lower spring flow, but were not a factor in the 2004-05 winter due to mild weather conditions.
• - There is some indication that the drought may be easing
There is some question about the long term adequacy of geothermal flow due to:
• long-term water table decline
• potential loss of flow caused by prison use of geothermal water, especially with Phase II
• potential commitment of surface discharge from prison to wetland development
• Persistent regional drought conditions
• Other water rights issues
• Corrosion in pipes from geothermal chemistry resulted in replacement of the main pump shaft last fall and the main heat exchanger was replaced a couple of years ago
• At present, Bluffdale Flowers uses a 40-horsepower line-shaft pump running at constant speed to supply geothermal water from a well depth of about 200 feet.
• Reinjection of geothermal flow to preserve water right was not successful due to poor soil conditions. State of Utah removed requirement
High Tech Fisheries
• 25-year old aquaculture business
• Tropical fish production is for aquarium use
• The most successful of many attempts in the area
• Drought conditions have hampered operations
• Geothermal flow is marginally adequate for aquaculture due to temperature loss in transit
• Geothermal flow has been re-routed to boost volume
• Labor is provided by prison inmates
• 300 varieties of fish have been raised
• Crystal Lake has hosted many until recently
• Uncertainty over water rights affects business outlook
- Geothermal conditions resemble Africa’s Lake Malawi
- Fish propagation area totals 4,500 square feet
- commercial vegetables have been tried, but not done at present
- tropical plants for aquariums may prove successful again
- water rights issues are emerging as prison geothermal use expands and wetland development is planned
• 7 natural ponds are fed by artesian flow, going dry unpredictably
• Regional groundwater pumping and geothermal development limit pond size and flow
• Careful use and development could expand commercial uses and natural environment
• Heavy urban development may encroach on, or enhance the resource
• Water rights issues will become more important
Long Term Outlook for Crystal Hot Springs