Cruise Missile Technology

By:RAHUL P. POMBAREKAR.

Contents1) What is Missile..?2) About Cruise Missile.3) General design of cruise missile.4) Categorization.5) Guidance system and it’s type.6) Advantages and Disadvantages.7) Future advancement in cruise missile: BrahMos cruise

missiles8) Resent use of cruise missile9) Conclusion.

What is missile?

• Missile is a weapon or object that is thrown at a target

• OR

• A projectile that is, something thrown or otherwise propelled

Types of missile

• There are two types of missiles.

• UNGUIDED OR BALLISTIC MISSILES which moves freely to the target and can’t be controlled after launching e.g. missiles of tank

• GUIDED MISSILES which are guided through some remote controls e.g. Cruise missile

Cruise missile

• A cruise missile is basically a small unmanned aircraft.

• They are also called as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).

• Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warhead over long distance with high accuracy.

• Modern cruise missiles can travel at supersonic or high subsonic speeds, are self-navigating .

Cruise missile

Cruise missile

• Cruise missiles:1. have 8.5-foot (2.61-meter) wingspan2. powered by turbofan engines3. can fly 500 to 1,000 miles (805 to 1,610 km)

depending on the configuration. 4. deliver a 1,000-pound (450-kg) high-

explosive bomb to a precise location of the target.

General design

General design

General design OF Cruise Missile

• Cruise missile generally consist of 1. Guidance system,2. Payload, and 3. Propulsion system, housed in an airframe with small wings.• Payload usually consist of a conventional

warhead or a nuclear warhead.• Cruise missile is propelled by a jet engine.

Categories

• Cruise missiles can be categorized by 1. size 2. speed(subsonic/supersonic), 3. range, or4. whether launched from:i. land,ii. air,iii. ship, iv. submarine.

• Air and submarine launched versions are a little lighter and smaller than land- and ship- launched versions.

• Larger missiles can carry either a conventional or a nuclear warhead, while smaller ones can carry only conventional warhead .

Categories

Cruise missile launched from air Cruise missile launched from ship

Categories

Cruise missile launched from land Cruise missile launched from submarine

Guidance system

• The purpose of a guidance system is to direct the missile to target .

• Use of an automatic target recognition (ATR) algorithm/device in the guidance system increases accuracy of the missile.

Types of Guidance system

Inertial navigation system

TERCOM (Terrain Contour Matching)

DSMAC (Digital Scene-Mapping Area Correlator)

Satellite navigation

Inertial Navigation System:

• An inertial navigation system includes1. a computer and a platform containing accelerometers,2. gyroscopes, or3. other motion-sensing devices.• Accelerometers measure the vertical, lateral, and

longitudinal accelerations of the controlled missile .• Gyroscopes measure the angular velocity of the system.

Inertial Navigation System:

TERCOM(Terrain contour matching)

• It uses a pre-recorded contour map of the terrain that is compared to measurements made during flight by an on-board radar altimeter.

• The missile's radar altimeter feeds measurements into a smaller buffer, and averages them out to produce a single measurement.

• The series of such numbers a strip of measurements similar to those held in the maps. The two are compared to overlay the strip on the known map, and the positioning of the strip within the map produces a location and direction.

TERCOM(Terrain contour matching)

DSMAC(Digital scene-mapping area correlator):

• A series of photographs are taken from surveillance aircraft and are put into a carousel in the missile.

• Another camera takes pictures out of the bottom of the missile.

• A computer compares the two images and attempts to line up areas of high contrast.

• This system is very slow and its role is being taken up by TERCOM.

DSMAC(Digital scene-mapping area correlator):

Satellite navigation:

• Using a satellite positioning system, such as GPS.

• Satellite navigation systems are precise and cheap.

• If the satellites are interfered ten, the satellite

navigation system becomes inoperable.

• The GPS-based navigation is useful in a conflict

with a technologically unsophisticated adversary.

Satellite navigation:

Advantages

• The big advantage of the cruise missile is its smallness and cost.

• Its small size also improved the weapon’s chances of penetration.

• The map matching system (TERCOM) is combined with an inertial navigational system in a system called TAINS. This not only gets the cruise missile to its target but also with an high accuracy.

Disadvantage

• The lack of a human pilot means you can't re-use the

thing, whereas you can get multiple missions out of a

piloted aircraft.

• Their low and slow flight means they can be engaged

by a much wider variety of systems.

• The missiles aren't always accurate, they're expensive..

BrahMos cruise missile

• On June 12/2001, the BrahMos cruise missile took off from its launched at

Chandipur-on-a- Sea, Orissa, and reached a speed of up to mach 2, it

becomes the first ever supersonic cruise missile that used liquid ram jet

technology.

• The missile, with range of 280 k, weighted three tones.

• The BeahMos will not carry nuclear warhead because it is an anti ship

missile that can be launched from ships, submarines, aircrafts and land

• The BrahMos is a product of an INDO-RASSIAN joint venture known by

the same name.

Specification of BrahMos cruise missile

• The BrahMos missile,

1. Travelling at 2.8 to 3 times the speed of sound

(mach2.8to3)

2. Is three times faster than a subsonic cruise missile such

as the Tomahawk of the U.S.

3. Has 9 times the killing power because the killing

power is proportional to the square of the velocity.

Conclusion

• Currently cruise missiles are among the most expensive of single-use weapons, up to several million dollars apiece. However, they are cheaper than human pilots when total training and infrastructure costs are taken into account.

• Guidance System used in cruise missile is a complex system which involves several systems working in random. it is essential that guidance system is properly designed for accurate interception of targets

The german v1 rocket

SSM-N-8 Regulus missile

BRAHMOS anti ship