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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTIONPreliminariesTest typesResearch proof testProof test
Leak testFunction testNature of the hazardReferencesFigures
STORED ENERGYEnergy sourcesFluid expansion energyGas-filled systemsPressure-volume product
Perfect gasReal gasesEmpirical equations of stateLiquid-filled systemsFluid expansion energy chartStrain energyTNT equivalentExamplesPerfect gasUse ofpressure-enthalpy chartUse of fluid expansion energy chartUse of table and temperature-entropy chartUse of temperature-entropy chartWater-filled vesselConclusionsReferencesFiguresTables
FRAGMENTATIONFragment generation
IntroductionNature ofpressurising fluidTotal failure due to brittle fractureTotal failure due to ductile fractureLoss of a major sectionSpeed of a rocketing fragmentLoss of a plug or small closureProtection against fragment perforationIntroductionT e r m i n o l o g yShielding materials
Protection provided by ductile shieldsCorrelations for ductile materialsComparison with experimental dataProtection with reinforced concreteProtection with polycarbonatePenetration into soilMultilayer shield construction
11.11.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.31.2.4
1.31.4
2
2.1
2.22.3
2.3.1
2.3.22.3.32.3.4
2.42.5
2.62.7
2.82.8.12.8.2
2.8.3
2.8.4
2.8.52.8.6
2.92.10
3
3.1
3.1.13.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.43.1.5
3.1.63.1.7
3.23.2.13.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.43.2.5
3.2.63.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.93.2.10
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3.3
3.4
44.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.94.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
4.7.1
4.7.2
4.10.1
4.10.2
4.10.3
4.10.4
4.10.5
4.11.1
5.2.1
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.76.8
6.9
TEST OPERATIONSDesign of test programmeTest requirementsHazard assessmentThe working fluidTest set-up designPreparation for the testInspection of vessels and componentsAssemblyConformity with test programme
Conduct of testDepressurisationDismantling
155157
157159161
7 PERSONNEL TRAINING 1637.1 Introduction 1637.2 Designing the test 1647.3 Conducting the test 164
ExamplesBrittle failure of gas-filled vesselBrittle failure of water-filled vesselFailure of a ductile vesselReferences and bibliographyFigures
BLASTIntroductionBlast wavesScaling equationsReflection of blast wavesYield magnificationGeometric effectsInternal blastsInternal shock loading of protective cubiclesGas impulse loading of protective cubiclesMissile impact loading
ExampleStructural response to blastIntroductionSingle degree of freedom systemsResonanceLimiting responsesPressure-impulse diagramsP-I diagrams for protective structuresValidationHuman response to blast loadingReferencesFigures
PRESSURE TEST EQUIPMENTHazard assessmentProtective enclosures for fixed installationsExamples of protective enclosuresProtective equipment for testing on sitePressurising equipmentReferencesFigures
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