CRP6: Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and governance
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Transcript of CRP6: Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and governance
CRP6: Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and
governance
ICRAF’s GRP6 and CIFOR’s Domain 4 form the primary basis for CRP6.3:
Exploiting synergy, Reducing overlap, Stimulating healthy debat where we differ in perceptions & experience
Building on and adding value toCIFOR Domain 4 + ICRAF GRP 6
Landscape Mosaics projectIn 5 countries
Sustainable Rural Development through High Value Biocarbon Approaches: Building Multifunctio-nal Landscapes and Institutions in West and East AfricaSupported by Finland
Sustainable Sulawesi
Supported by CIDA
Building on a joint history:
Approval expected soon Recently approved
Asia, Africa, L.America; Biodi-versity work coordinated by CIFOR: integration lead by ICRAF
W.Africa
Starting new joint projects:
Component 3: Landscape management for environmental services, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods
1. Understanding drivers of forest transition2. Understanding the consequences of forest transition
for environmental services and livelihoods3. Learning landscapes: dynamics of multifunctionality
CRP6 -- Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: livelihoods, landscapes and governance
Forest and tree cover transitions: a unifying concept across CRP6
Temporal pattern
Spatial pattern
Institutional challenge
X-linkage of actions in landscape
ilding
Improving Livelihoods, Env.Serv. & Governance
Landscape management options
1. Pro-duc-tion
sys-tems
3. Env.Ser- vi –
ces
4. Adap-ting & redu-
cing emis-sions
2. Con-ser-va-
tion and use
------ Livelihoods in context ------
Global actors and value chains
Drivers Tree cover transitions & forest quality
Local
External
5. Tra-de & in-
vest-ment
Institutions, gender, capacity strengthening & partnerships
.
The 5 components of CRP6 share common goals and networked impact pathways
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/resp1/
SLO4. Sustainable management of natural resources
• Recognition by govern-ment agencies and in public debate of tree cover and forest transi-tions as a basis for realistic land use and development planning and institutional reform of land use regulation
Theme 6.3.1. Understanding patterns and drivers of forest (tree cover) transition in decline and restoration phases
Recognition by government agencies and in public debate of tree cover and forest transitions as a basis for realistic land use and development planning and institutional reform of land use regulation
Policy documents use quantitative tree cover criteria and multiple forest types, rather than merely binary 'deforestation/ reforestation' dataCRP6 tools and approaches to multi-layered driver analysis are adopted for internatio-nal/ national/ local policy development
Institutional support and interest in Agroforestry Policy Initiative and Forest Landscape Restoration efforts
Theme-level Outcome Verifiable indicator
The holistic forest+tree view of the world
Source: Global tree cover inside and outside forest, according to the Global Land Cover 2000 dataset, the FAO spatial data on farms versus forest, and the analysis by Zomer et al. (2009)
>
1. Undisturbed natural forest 2. Undisturbed + sust. logged natural forest 3. Closed canopy undisturbed + logged forest 4A. as 3 + agroforest 4B. as 3 + timber plantations 4C. as 3 + agroforest + timber plant’s + estate crops 4D as 4C + shrub
Rainforest foundation
Conservation agency
Modis data
Ministry of ForestryForest ecologist
UNFCCC definition
Stakeholder:
In the 1990’s loss of natural cover increased the amount of ‘low C-stock’/low economic value land; tree (crop) planting was 28% of the loss of natural forest area
After 2000 planting of tree (crop)s equals 90% of concurrent loss of natural forest; the amount of low C-stock/low economic value land decreases
Integrate Segregate
Farm fo-restry,
agrofo-rests
Natural forest
Fields, Forests & Parks
Open field agriculture
Plan
tatio
ns
Fiel
ds,fa
llow
, for
est m
osai
c
forest modification
agroforestation
re
- and
affo
rest
ation
defo
rest
ation
Coarsening of pattern: segregate
SLO4. Sustainable management of natural resources
• Local resource managers in tree-based multiple use land-scapes use cost-effective and replicable tools and ap-proaches to appraise likely impacts of changes in landuse on watershed functions, bio-diversity and carbon stocks as well as on the economic productivity of the landscape
Theme 6.3.2. Understanding consequences of tree cover transi-tion for livelihoods, environmental goods and services & adaptive policy
SLO4. Sustainable management of natural resources
• Land use planners and practioners use principles and methods resulting in clearer and more transparent recognition of conservation and develpment tradeoffs in land and rights allocation, as well as adjustments to economic incentives
Theme 6.3.2. Understanding consequences of tree cover transi-tion for livelihoods, environmental goods and services & adaptive policy
Theme-level Outcome Verifiable indicator
Local resource managers in tree-based multiple use landscapes use cost-effective and replicable tools and approaches to appraise likely impacts of changes in landuse on watershed functions, biodiversity and carbon stocks as well as on the economic productivity of the landscape
Documented use of tools and approaches developed, tested and/or promoted by CRP6 partners
Land use planners and practioners use principles and methods resulting in clearer and more transparent recognition of conservation and develpment tradeoffs in land and rights allocation, as well as adjustments to economic incentives
Documented appli-cation of parti-cipatory land use planning for forest margin settings, integrated with tenurial reform
1
0 1
Degradation branch
Restoration branch
Hysteresis domain
Relative C stock
Rel
ativ
e bi
odoi
vers
ity
Forests beyond C stocks: how do tree species richness and C stock relate at plot
level?
Early ASB data Indonesian NFI dataset(Murdiyarso et al., 2002 Dewi et al., in prep)
Crop pro-duction
Tree pro-duction
Watershedservices
BiodiversityLandscape
beauty
Carbon storage
Pcrop Ptree Cstore Wsh Biod Land
Convex likely
Concave likely
No preference
Synergies be-tween functions
SLO4. Sustainable management of natural resources
• Local and external stakehol-ders negotiate and have access to a range of condi-tional and performance-based arrangements that support the provision and maintenance of environmen-tal services and biodiversity in productive landscapes
Theme 6.3.3. Actively learning landscapes where innovative response and policy options are being tested
SLO4. Sustainable management of natural resources
• Opportunities for win-win solutions in restoration contexts are fully used, while the hard tradeoffs are recognised and contest over them is replaced by negotiation
Theme 6.3.3. Actively learning landscapes where innovative response and policy options are being tested
Theme-level Outcome Verifiable indicator
Local and external stakehol-ders negotiate and have access to a range of conditional and performance-based arrange-ments that support the provi-sion and maintenance of envi-ronmental services and biodi-versity in productive landscapes
National policy formu-lation and new action re-search undertakings refer to multiple PES paradigms that were derived from RUPES and PRESA experience
Opportunities for win-win solutions in restoration contexts are fully used, while the hard tradeoffs are recognised and contest over them is replaced by negotiation
Documented progress on tenure reform and nego-tiated joint management regimes in conservation and restoration contexts, that refer to CRP6 approaches and results
Where would you like to see more trees?
Participatory resource mapping followed by simulation board game with agents of change: seeking contracts for logging or oilpalm conversion, or agreements on forest protection and ecolabelling
(Pho
togr
aphs
: Gra
ce V
illam
or)
Effor
t to
prot
ect/
enha
nce
ES
External financial rewards0 low medium high
Baseline
Schematic results of ES experimentNoMediumStrong loss of social motivation
Hypothesis of PES replacing social motivation to protect ES
Price condition for inter-genera-tional increase in altruism:
( )+( )( )> 0IndividualBenefits -
Costs
Social cohe-sion
GroupBenefits -
Costs
Loss of sociall cohesion (‘relatedness’) term implies shift from group to indi-vidual ‘benefit – cost’ considerations
http://www.asb.cgiar.org/
CGIAR Strategic Results Framework (SRF)SLO1. Reducing
rural poverty SLO2. Increasing food security
SLO3. Improving nutrition and health
SLO4. Sustainable management of natural resources
Measurables include increased income from farm and non-farm activities, per-mitting investment in health, education and other poverty-redu-cing activities.
Measurables include changing levels of production, price and access to affordable food by the urban and rural poor.
Measurables incluide metrics of healthy growth, particularly in children, and dietary intake, nutrient up-take and consequent health effects.
Measurables are resource use per unit of production, resto-ration and conserva-tion of ecosystem services and reduced impacts of climatic change & shocks.
CRP6.1 helps redu-cing rural poverty, through tree-based livelihoods; it includes poverty in forest mar-gins and of forest-dependent peopleCRP6.4 includes rural vulnerability to cli-mate change
CRP6.5 looks at ‘ex-tensification’ and economic investment in agriculture and forestry as a driver of tree cover transitions.CRP6.1 contributes agroforestry techno-logies for food pro-duction
CRP6.1 (supported by 6.2) has attention to fruit trees and medici-nals in various stages of domestication, as contributor to nutri-tional quality and health management
CRP6.2 and CRP6.3 focus on resource (biodiversity) conser-vation and ecosystem servicesCRP6.4 researches ecosystem-based adaptive responses and REDD financing
Enlighten- Decision Negotiation ment support support No imme- Single deci- Multiple stakeholders diate use sionmaker Politics of K claims
Single
Multi-ple
This should be the default assumption
Thanks
details of the planned are available on file…
CRP 6.3.1 Output targets• 6.3.1.1 Empirical data sets of quantitative and qualitative tree
cover transitions across major …• 6.3.1.2 Empirical data on changes in spatial pattern of tree cover
within landscapes in relation to segre.. • 6.3.1.3 Methods for monitoring and quantifying tree cover
refined and linked to data uncertainty • 6.3.1.4 Proximate and ultimate drivers of land use and tree cover
change: inference from spatial…• 6.3.1.5 Policy levers and negotiation opportunities to influence
drivers of tree cover transitions, rehabilitation and/or agroforestry transformation
CRP 6.3.2 Output targets• 6.3.2.1 Tools for and case studies of quantifying buffering of water
flows and other hydrological ES..• 6.3.2.2 Tools for and case studies of understanding biodiversity-
based environmental services across.. 6.3.2.3 Not just carbon? Quantified tradeoffs be-tween C stocks and other environmental services.. 6.3.2.4 Gender, age and wealth-specific apprecia-tion of tree cover transitions in relation to demo- ..
• 6.3.2.5 Tested tools and governance mechanisms for adaptive landscape management of ecology-
• 6.3.2.6 Policies for the agriculture-forestry interface and strategies for sustaining food security, ecologi-..
CRP 6.3.3 Output targets• 6.3.3.1 Network of ‘active learning landscapes’ on RES/PES
mechanisms maintained and enhanced• 6.3.3.2 Synthesis from action research sites, identi-fying
principles, methods and processes for advan..• 6.3.3.3 Identification of improved modalities and
approaches to effectively support conservation in.. 6.3.3.4 Participatory models for reserve manage-ment: resource use rights, threats to targeted … 6.3.3.5 Impact studies testing assumptions of the CRP6.3 theory of change and output-outcome-impact pathways.