Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.
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Transcript of Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.
![Page 1: Crosswalk Conundrum: Why, Where, and How? Seleta Reynolds Fehr & Peers.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e735503460f94b733f1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Crosswalk Conundrum:Why, Where, and How?
Seleta ReynoldsFehr & Peers
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“There is more to life than increasing its speed.”
Ghandi
“Our national flower is the concrete cloverleaf.”
Lewis Mumford
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Why? Crosswalk Function
Creating reasonable expectations where pedestrians may cross a roadway
Channelization of pedestrians to designated crossing locations
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Channelization
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Advantages
They help pedestrians find their way across complex intersections
They designate the shortest path They direct pedestrians to locations of best
sight distance
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
They may create a “false sense of security” for pedestrians.
They may cause a greater number of rear-end collisions.
They may cause an increase in the number of fatal or serious-injury crashes.
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Where? Review of Previous Studies
• Pedestrian crosswalk study (1970) - City of San Diego
• California Marking Policy at Intersections on California State Highways (1996) - ITE
• Safety Effects of Marked Versus Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Crossing Locations (2000) - FHWA
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Safety Effects of Marked Vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Crossing
Locations (2000) - FHWAData 1,000 marked and 1,000 unmarked crosswalks No school crossings 229 pedestrian crashes included Crash history (5 years), pedestrian volumes, traffic
volumes, number of lanes, speed limit
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Safety Effects of Marked Vs. Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Crossing Locations
(2000) - FHWA
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Exceptions
Locations with high traffic volumes may be candidates for marked crosswalks if they also have extraordinarily high pedestrian volumes
No location with poor sight distance is a good candidate for marking a crosswalk
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Exceptions
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Be Careful
Consider Marked Crosswalk
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Uncontrolled and Midblock Locations
Step One: Assessing Demand Purpose: Choosing the best location for the
crosswalk and measuring need Data Needed: Adjacent land uses, pedestrian
volumes, sight distance
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Equivalent Adult Units
Number Factor EAUs
Children ___________ x 2.0 = _________
Seniors ___________ x 1.5 = _________
Disabled ___________ x 2.0 = _________
Adults ___________ x 1.0 = _________
Source: Pedestrian Crossing Control Manual, Transportation Association of Canada13
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Pedestrian Desire Lines
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Uncontrolled and Midblock Locations
Step Two: Assessing Safety Purpose: Choosing the treatment for the
crosswalk Data Needed: Number of travel lanes,
average daily traffic, posted speed
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Step-by-Step
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Step-by-Step
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How? Level One Devices
Pedestrian Refuge Islands
Split Pedestrian Crossover
Curb Extensions
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How? Level Two Devices
Overhead Signs and Flashing Beacons
Raised Crosswalks In-pavement Flashers
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How? Level Three Devices
Pedestrian-actuated signals: Hawk, Toucan, Pelican
Flashing yellow and then solid yellow when a pedestrian pushes the button
Signal is dark until activated Signal is goes solid red and pedestrian has a walk signal
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How? Level Four
Pedestrian bridges and overcrossings
Photo by Dave Campbell
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Step-by-Step
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Uncontrolled Crossing Example