CROSS CUTTING RELATIONSHIPS -...
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CROSS‐CUTTING RELATIONSHIPS
Sequence of Events ‐
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Steno's Laws
Nicholas Steno (1669)
• Principle of Superposition
• Principle of Original Horizontality
These laws apply to both sedimentary and volcanic rocks.
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Principle of Superposition
In a sequence of undisturbed layered rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom.
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Fig. 10.3
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Principle of Original Horizontality
Layered strata are deposited horizontal or nearly horizontal or nearly parallel to the Earth’s surface.
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Earth Issues 10.1
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Sequence of Events
education.usgs.gov/lessons/schoolyard/CoolGeologyActivity.html
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Cross‐cutting Relationships
earthscienceinmaine.wikispaces.com/11.2+Relative+Ages+of+Rocks
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Cross‐cutting Relationships
evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIE1Whathappenedwhen.shtml
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Cross‐cutting Relationships
evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIE1Whathappenedwhen.shtml
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Cross‐cutting Relationships
volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/magma_pathways/act6.html
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Fig. Story 10.11
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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WEATHERING
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13_05b.JPG
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13_10.JPG
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13_04au.jpg
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13_22.JPG
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13_20.JPG
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DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS
From: SEPM Sequence Stratigraphy Web: sepmstrata.org/exercises.html
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Submarine Canyons & Deep Sea Fans
USGS Image
Offshore Los Angeles
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sepmstrata.org/deepwater/DeepwaterClasticArchitecture.html
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Clastic Depositional SystemsClastic Depositional Systems
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Clastic Depositional SystemsClastic Depositional Systems
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Clastic Depositional SystemsClastic Depositional Systems
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sepmstrata.org/deepwater/DeepwaterClasticArchitecture.html
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Tide‐Dominated Niger Delta
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Geomorphologyof Coast
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Delta Morphology
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“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall
Meandering Fluvial System
Allen, 1964