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Transcript of Cross-Cultural Business. © Prentice Hall, 2006International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 2 Chapter...
Cross-CulturalCross-CulturalBusinessBusiness
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 2
Chapter PreviewChapter Preview
• Define culture and list its components
• Discuss attitudes toward time, work and cultural
change
• Describe the roles of religion and communication
in a society
• Discuss how physical environment affects culture
• Describe two frameworks for classifying cultures
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 3
What is Culture?What is Culture?
• Set of values, beliefs, rules and institutions held by a specific group of people
• Ethnocentricity– Belief that one’s own ethnic group or
culture is superior to that of others• Cultural literacy
– Detailed knowledge of a culture that enables a person to function effectively within it
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 4
Nations and CultureNations and Culture
• National culture– Nation states build museums and
monuments to preserve the legacies of important events and people
• Subculture– Group of people that share a unique way of
life within a larger culture (language, race, lifestyle, attitudes, etc.)
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 5
Components of CultureComponents of Culture
– Aesthetics– Values & attitudes– Manners & customs– Social structure– Religion– Personal communication– Education– Physical environments
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 6
AestheticsAesthetics• Music• Painting• Dance• Drama• Architecture
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 7
Values and AttitudesValues and Attitudes
• Values– The Ideas, beliefs and customs to which people are
emotionally attached• Freedom• Responsibility• Honesty
• Attitudes– Positive or negative evaluations, feelings and
tendencies people hold toward objects or concepts• Time• Work• Cultural change
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 8
Manners and CustomsManners and Customs
• Manners– Appropriate behavior, speech and
dressing in general
• Customs– Traditional ways or behavior in specific
circumstances
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 9
Social StructureSocial Structure
• Social structure– Culture’s groups, institutions, social
positions and resource distribution• Social stratification
– Process of ranking people into social layers
• Social mobility– Ease of moving up or down a culture's
"social ladder"
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 10
World ReligionsWorld Religions
• Origin of Human Values-Christianity-Islam-Hinduism-Buddhism-Confucianism-Judaism-Shinto
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 11
Language BlundersLanguage Blunders
• Braniff Airlines’ English-language slogan “Fly in Leather” was
translated into “Fly Naked” in Spanish.
• Sign in English on a Majorcan storefront read, “English well-
talking” and “Here speeching American.”
• Sign for non-Japanese-speaking guests in a Tokyo hotel read, “You
are respectfully requested to take advantage of the
chambermaids.”
• English sign in a Moscow hotel read, “If this is your first visit to the
USSR, you are welcome to it.”
• Japanese knife manufacturer labeled its exports to the United
States with “Caution: Blade extremely sharp! Keep out of children.”
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 12
EducationEducation
• Cultures pass on traditions, customs, and values through schooling, parenting, group memberships, etc.
• Education level– Well-educated attract high-paying jobs, while
poorly educated attract low-paying manufacturing jobs
• Brain drain– Departure of highly educated people from one
profession, geographic region or nation to another
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 13
• These influence a culture’s development and pace of change
• Topography– Physical features characterizing the
surface of a geographic region• Climate
– Weather conditions of a geographic region• Material Culture
– Technology used to manufacture goods and provide services
Physical and Material CulturePhysical and Material CulturePhysical and Material CulturePhysical and Material Culture
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 14
Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck FrameworkFramework
• Relation to nature • Material or spiritual • Time orientation • Responsibility to others• Trust and control • View of personal space
© Prentice Hall, 2006 International Business 3e Chapter 2 - 15
Hofstede FrameworkHofstede Framework
• Individualism vs. collectivism
• Power distance
• Uncertainty avoidance
• Achievement vs. nurturing