Crop residue use in crop-livestock farms. Diego Valbuena

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crop residue use in crop- livestock farms challenges & options of mulching in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia WCCA 2011 Brisbane, Australia Diego Valbuena Olaf Erenstein Sabine Homann Tahirou Abdoulaye Alan Duncan Bruno Gérard Nils Teufel

description

A presentation from the WCCA 2011 conference in Birsbane.

Transcript of Crop residue use in crop-livestock farms. Diego Valbuena

Page 1: Crop residue use in crop-livestock farms. Diego Valbuena

crop residue use in crop-livestock farms

challenges & options of mulching in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

WCCA 2011 Brisbane, Australia

Diego ValbuenaOlaf Erenstein Sabine HomannTahirou AbdoulayeAlan DuncanBruno GérardNils Teufel

Page 2: Crop residue use in crop-livestock farms. Diego Valbuena

mixed systems & SLPwww.vslp.org Mixed systems = 2/3 population + food +

value chains(Herrero et al. 2010)

Biomass trade-offs: immediate demands & soil sustainability

SLP: Bring livestock research on the agenda + links CGIAR

Current project: crop residues use in mixed systems

Page 3: Crop residue use in crop-livestock farms. Diego Valbuena

objectives

Describe crop residue use in diverse mixed systems

Identify main challenges of mulching

Look for options related to mulching

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crop residue use CA ideal situation

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Page 5: Crop residue use in crop-livestock farms. Diego Valbuena

crop residue use mixed crop-livestock farms

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working ideasCR: much more than mulch

Offer (pressure) & demand (intensification) matters

Options need to include local specificities

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site & village selection

site: agri. intensification &

marketvillage: market &

road access

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selected sitesPot. pressure

on biomassHIGH MEDIUM LOW

Country India Bangla. Kenya Ethiopia India Ethiopia Zimb. Mozam. Niger Nigeria Malawi Niger

Site ID H-I1 H-B H-K M-E2 M-I2 M-E1 L-Z L-MZ L-N1 L-NG L-MW L-N2

Location Karnal Dinajpur Kakamega Nekemte Rajasthan Kobo Nykayi Changara Fakara Kano Mzimba Maradi

Symbol

Market access +++ ++ ++ + ++ + ++ + + +++ + ++

Intensification +++ ++ ++ + + + + + + ++ ++ +

Agro-ecology semi-arid (irrigated)

humid (irrigated) highlands highlands semi-arid semi-arid semi-arid semi-arid semi-arid semi-arid semi-arid semi-arid

Rainfall 750 2000 1650 1050 650 700 600 650 500 800 700 600

Main crops wheat-rice ricemaize, beans

maize, teff maizesorghum,

teffmaize

maize, millet,

sorghum

millet, cowpea

sorgh. maize.gnt

cpeamaize

millet, sorghum, cowpea

Livestock buffalo cattle

cattle goat cattle-dairy cattle

cattle/buf goat cattle cattle

cattle goats

cattle shoats

cattle shoats

cattle goats

cattle shoats

after Valbuena et al. submitted

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110

1

2

3

persons ha-1

tlu

ha-1

potential biomass pressure

after Valbuena et al. submitted

M-E1

H-B

L-N1

H-I1

L-NG

L-N2

L-Z

L-MW

M-E2

M-I2

L-MZ

H-K

Grouping sites: pop. &

livestock densities

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40 60 80 10040

60

80

100

% hh with land

% h

h w

ith

lives

tock

land & animals

M-E1H-B

L-N1

H-I1

L-NG

L-N2

L-Z

L-MW

M-E2M-I2

L-MZ

H-K

land & livestock; livelihood for > ½ farms

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income & production

20 40 60 80 1000

15

30

45

60

75

90

% income non agriculture

% c

rop

sold

M-E1

H-B

L-N1

H-I1

L-NGL-N2

L-Z

L-MW

M-E2

M-I2L-MZ

H-K

Range of agriculture & self-consumptionExtremes in S. Asia

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CR more than mulch: cereals

after Valbuena et al. submitted

sites

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

H-I1 H-B H-K M-E2 M-I2 M-E1 L-Z L-MZ L-N1 L-NG L-MW L-N2

other

traded

left/mulch

feed

% c

erea

l res

idue

↓ feed ↑

mulch

↑ feed, ↓ mulch

NG: feed-fuelMW: feed-mulch

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CR more than mulch: legume

H-K

L-N1

% sold% fed% others

L-NG L-N2

Legume residue high value or good for cooking (H-K).No mulching.In Southern Africa not mentioned.

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trends last 10yrs

% villages H-I1 H-B H-K M-E2 M-I2 M-E1 L-Z L-MZ L-N1 L-NG L-MW L-N2

increase

fuel - 71 100 100 - 63 - - 100 88 - 57

stall feed 63 100 88 100 38 88 60 88 86 100 - 71

left/mulch 63 88 38 0 0 0 - 40 57 - 75 -

decrease

left/mulch 0 13 63 88 25 100 - 20 43 - 13 -

Overall increase of CR use as fuel & stall feed

Increase left/mulch key sites: irrigation & fertilizers

Increase of collection/privatisation of CR in ET

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CR as feed

after Valbuena et al. submitted

% fe

ed fr

om re

sidu

es

sites

H-I1 H-B H-K M-E2 M-I2 M-E1 L-Z L-MZ L-N1 L-NG L-MW L-N20%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100% ↑ feed: M & H- sites

↑ feed sources

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feed shortages

0

2

4

6

8

10

crop residuesgreen foddergrazing

No.

mon

ths

with

sho

rtag

e

sites

H-I1 H-B H-K M-E2 M-I2 M-E1 L-Z L-MZ L-N1 L-NG L-MW L-N2

M-sites & West Africa:

↑ pressure on feed

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0 50 100 150 200 2500

1

2

3

% cropped area yr-1

tlu

ha-1

intensification matters

after Valbuena et al. submitted

M-ET1

H-BD

L-NE1

H-IN1

L-NG

L-NE2

L-ZW

L-MW

M-ET2M-IN2

L-MZ

H-KN

↑ pop: ↑ intensity (area) H↑ pop: ↓ communal land↑ pop ↓ int./prod (area) & ↓ com. land: ↑ pressure on CR

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other CA-related practices

20 40 60 80 100

20

40

60

80

100

% tilled area by animal

%ar

ea le

gum

es

M-E1H-B

L-N1

H-I1

L-NGL-N2 L-ZL-MW

M-E2M-I2

L-MZ

H-K

> ½ area is tilled by animal; but also hand or tractor (not shown)Scarce legumes; market distortion & farming systems

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results show that:

CR are short-term resources: feed & Co.

CR to mulch with lower pressure (very ↑ production; or ↑ production + ↓ demand), but practices need to change. With higher pressure: increase of production is needed.

Each region has its own potential, challenges & options for more sustainable agriculture = no silver-bullet exists

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work in progress

household diversity linking better socio-economic, biophysical & institutional stakeholder involvement: R4D & demand-led R&D proposals