CROP RAIDING - aiggpa.mp.gov.inaiggpa.mp.gov.in/uploads/project/Report_Gaurav_Khare.pdf · Project...

CROP RAIDING

Compensation Procedure Package amp Implications in Madhya Pradesh

Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Good Governance amp Policy Analysis

i

Guidance

Shri Mangesh Kumar Tyagi Principal Advisor

Centre for NRM amp Decentralized Governance

Project Team

Gaurav Khare Advisor Centre for NRM amp Decentralized Governance

Project Coordinator

Alok Tripathi Research Associate


ii

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ii

List of Figures viii

List of Tables ix

Acronyms x

Executive Summary xi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

11 Background 1

12 Problems in current compensation practices 2

13 Issuesgaps related to the compensation schemes 2

131 Long Administrative Process 3

132 Multiplicity of authorities 3

133 Prone to corruption or fraud 3

134 Damage assessment (Compensation Package) 3

135 Lack of feedback mechanism 4

14 Rationale of the study 4

15 Objectives of the study 4

16 Limitations of the study 5

Chapter 2 Methodology 6

21 The Data Collection approach 6

211 Secondary Data collection 6

212 Primary Data collection 7

2121 Quantitative data collection 7

2122 Qualitative Data collection 7

22 Sample design 8

23 Profile of the study area 9

231 Burhanpur 9

232 Chhindwara 10

233 Chhatarpur 11

24 Data Analysis 12

Chapter 3 Literature Review 13


iii

31 Human Wildlife Conflict 13

311 Definitions 13

32 Causes of Conflict 14

33 Type of Damages 14

34 Impacts of Human Wildlife Conflict on Human 15

35 Mitigation Measures 15

36 Context and Scenarios 16

361 Global Scenario 16

362 Indian Scenario 17

363 Madhya Pradesh 18

37 Compensation for Human (Injury or Death) Livestock loss 19

38 Compensation for Crop loss by Wildlife 21

381 Procedure for filing Application 22

382 Procedure for disposal of Applications 23

383 Procedure for Payment of Compensation 24

384 Procedure for rejection Cancellation of Application 24

385 Procedure for Appeal 24

386 Compensation Package 25

39 Compensation Scheme 25

391 Concept 25

392 Importance of Compensation Schemes 25

393 Reduced economic burden (Economic incentives for losses) 25

394 Financial support to deceased Family (Mitigating indirect impacts) 25

395 Increased tolerance towards Wildlife 26

396 Community support in Conservation 26

310 Issues related to the Compensation Scheme 26


3102 Time Consuming Delay in payment 26

3103 Corruption or Fraud 27


311 Components of Good Compensation Scheme 27

Chapter 4 Data Analysis 29


iv

41 Part-A Primary Data Analysis 29

411 Quantitative Data Analysis 29

4111 Sample Size 29

4112 Area Profile 30

a Classification of Agricultural fields 30

b Average Distance from National Park Forest Area 30

c Average distance from nearest market place 31

4111 Respondentsrsquo Profile 32

a Farmer Categorization Small amp Marginal 32

b Age profile 32

c Gender and Literacy 33

4113 Social Profile of Respondents 33

4114 Economic Profile of Respondents 34

a Income Category and Annual Income 34

b Occupational Pattern 35

4115 Cropping Pattern 36

a Crops Types of crops and cost of Cultivation 36

b Crops Total cost Total yield and Profit 37

4116 Crop Raiding 38

a Frequency of Invasions 38

b Periodicity of Invasions 38

c Animals mostly involved in crop raiding 39

d Crops mostly destroyed by animals 39

e Mitigation measures Usage Type and Effectiveness 40

4117 Compensation for crop loss from wildlife 43

a Source of Information 43

b First point of contact 43

c Problem faced in Incident Reporting 44

d Time taken at different stages 45

e Expenditure at different stages 45

f Crop damage verification 46

g Crop damage assessment 46


v

h Compensation Received 47

i Medium of receiving Compensation 47

j Satisfaction with existing compensation package and procedure 47

4118 Short and long term Impacts of crop raiding 48

a Change in the mindset 48

b Rating of Impacts 48

412 Qualitative Data Analysis Analysis of Focus Group discussion (FGDs) and Semi structured

Interviews 50

4121 Focus Group Discussions 50

a Block-Nepanagar District-Burhanpur 50

b Block-Bichhua District-Chhindwara 52

c Block-Bakswaha District-Chhatarpur 55

a Summary amp Key Findings 58

4122 Semi Structured Interview 62


42 Part-B Secondary Data Analysis 64

421 Crop Raiding Incidents 64

422 Compensation Procedure amp Package across major States 66

4221 Compensation procedures adopted by different states 66

4222 Compensation Package for Crop loss in different States 67

423 Compensation Procedure amp Package - Madhya Pradesh 73

4231 Submission of Application 73

4232 Disposal of Applications 74

4233 Payment of Compensation 75

4234 The Compensation Package 75

424 Major Issues with the existing Procedure amp Package 78

4241 Complexity of Procedure 78

4242 Multiplicity of DepartmentsAuthorities 78

4243 Crop damage Assessment 78


425 Central government guidelines for compensation Procedure and Payment 79

Chapter 5 Key Recommendations 80

51 Primary Recommendations 80


vi

511 Compensation Procedure 80

5111 Filing Application for crop damage 80


5113 Payment of compensation 83



513 Short amp long term mitigation measures 85

5131 Physical barriers 86

a Circular razor wire fencing 86

b Barbed wire fencing 86

c Chain link fencing 87

d HDPE net fencing 87

5132 Biological Barriers 87

a Safflower as Barrier Crop 87

b Castor as Barrier Crop 87

c Cactus as fencing 88

5133 Traditional Methods 88

a Human hair as respiratory deterrent 88

b Used colored Saree Barriers 88

c Spraying of egg solutions 88

d Spraying of chili mixture 88

e Use of animals excreta as repellent 88

52 Secondary Recommendations 89

Annexure A Number of incidents (2010-2015) reported by Indian states across all human-wildlife conflict

categories 90

Annexure B Amount of compensation (in US $) paid by Indian states for human-wildlife conflict (2010-2015)

91

Annexure C Focus Group Discussion Burhanpur 92

Annexure D Focus Group Discussion Chhindwara 1 100

Annexure E Focus Group Discussion Chhindwara 2 108

Annexure F Focus Group Discussion Chhatarpur 116

Annexure G Semi Structured Interviews Burhanpur 124

Annexure H Semi Structured Interviews Chhindwara 1 129


vii

Annexure I Semi Structured Interviews Chhindwara 2 134

Annexure J Semi Structured Interviews Chhindwara 3 139

Annexure K Semi Structured Interviews Chhatarpur 1 144

Annexure L Semi Structured Interviews Chhatarpur 2 149

Annexure M Existing Application Format 154

Annexure N Proposed Application Format 155

References 156


viii

List of Figures

Figure 1 The total number of (a) human-wildlife conflict incidents and (b) compensation payment amounts

for reported incidents of conflict across Indian states with complete information from 2012 to 2013 18

Figure 2 Crop destruction of (a) Gram in Chhatarpur and (b) Arhar in Burhanpur 40

Figure 3 Example of (a) Night watch stand in Burhanpur (b) Wire net fencing in Chhatarpur 41

Figure 4 Example of (a) low height wire fencing Burhanpur (b) Chain link fencing Burhanpur 42

Figure 5 A hole made below the fencing Burhanpur 42

Figure 6 Incidents of Crop Raiding reported through Lok Seva Kendra 2018-19 65

Figure 7 Procedure for submission of application 74

Figure 8 Procedure for disposal of application 74

Figure 9 Procedure for payment of compensation 75


ix

List of Tables

Table 1 Matrix representation of impacts of human wildlife conflict 15

Table 2 Detailed Information about Service under Lok seva Guarantee Adhiniyam (For Human injury Death

and Livestock loss) 19

Table 3 Detailed Information about Service under Lok seva Guarantee Adhiniyam (For crop loss by wildlife)

21

Table 4 Farmers rating of different short and long term impacts of crop raiding 49

Table 5 Details on assessment procedures and compensation policies for human-wildlife conflict across

different Indian States 66

Table 6 Crop lists policy and associated compensation values (in US $) for crops damaged by wildlife

across different Indian States 68

Table 7 The Criteria and amount of government aid set for crop loss from wild animals 75


x

Acronyms

FGD Focus Group Discussion

PAs Protected Areas

HWC Human Wildlife Conflict

DFO Divisional Forest Officer

LSK Lok Seva Kendra


xi

Executive Summary

The consequences of human wildlife conflict have various dimensions but crop loss from wildlife is

a phenomenon that not only impacts the farmerrsquos life economically but it has impacts which are beyond

financial economics It is one of the most adverse impacts of human wildlife conflict because it not only

affects the livelihood of farmers but also jeopardize the objectives of wildlife conservation The areas in

close proximity of forest areas and National parks are more vulnerable for incidents of crop raiding Various

State Governments have provisions for providing compensation to the farmers affected from crop losses by

wildlife But there are various issues related to the compensation procedures compensation packages and

their effectiveness This is why itrsquos very important to analyze and understand the problem of crop raiding

and compensation distribution together in a comprehensive manner Mitigation measures used for

prevention of crop raiding by wildlife and effective compensation mechanism to cover the losses both

these aspects are very important for conservation efforts to be successful

2 In the State of Madhya Pradesh where there is no separate provision for compensation for crop

loss from wildlife the compensation rates are decided according to the Revenue Book Circular Section 6

Number 4 (6-4) Annexure 1 (A) 2018 which are the rates for crop loss from natural disasters Due to this

there are various issues related to the existing compensation scheme Also the procedure for loss

compensation is very complex due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders ie the Revenue

department and the Forest department

3 On the request of the Forest department Madhya Pradesh the Institute has commissioned the

present study This study is an effort to address the issues arising from destruction to standing crops on

farmersrsquo fields by wildlife and review the range of Government orders governing the loss compensation

regime and the procedures followed in the field both by the Revenue and Forest Departments and come up

with recommendations for their simplification The objectives of the study are as follows

To review the existing rules and procedures for providing loss compensation to farmers who suffer damage

to their standing crops caused by wildlife and

bull Recommend simplification of the procedure for affected farmers to apply for and obtain loss

compensation


xii

bull Assess and suggest modifications to the compensation package both in terms of its coverage

and rates

bull To make an assessment of the short and long term impacts of incidents of crop damage and

the local administrationrsquos response mechanism on the larger narrative of human-wildlife

conflict

4 This exploratory research is both qualitative and quantitative in nature utilizing questionnaires

focus group discussions semi-structured interviews and expert opinions for analyzing all the aspects

associated with the phenomena of crop raiding The districts have been selected on the basis of purposive

sampling which include Neemach Panna Burhanpur Chhindwara and Chhatarpur The outcomes of the

study include recommendation for a simplified procedure for crop loss compensation and suggestion for a

more inclusive package both in terms of its coverage and rates along with various measures that can be

adopted in short and long term duration to mitigate the incidences of crop raiding

5 Data required for analysis has been collected from various primary and secondary sources The

quantitative data collection was done through Household Survey method using structured questionnaires

The qualitative data was collected by conducting focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi structured

interviews with the different stakeholders Detailed questionnaires were developed for beneficiaries and

officials of related departments Questionnaires were pre-validated through a pilot testing of the same in

Hoshangabad district Secondary data collection was done from various departments websites books

journals papers and reports Sampling was done using the data received from State Agency for Public

Services Government of Madhya Pradesh and various district administration regarding number of crop

raiding cases received in the last three years

6 The project report is divided in to 5 chapters The first chapter of the report provides a brief

introduction about the compensation procedures and issues related to it in general as well as with specific

to objectives of the study The aim and objectives along with the rationale for the study have also been

defined in this chapter The second chapter talks about the methodology adopted for the data collection

and analysis including the sample design and survey locations The third chapter is about literature review

which incorporates a detailed analysis of problem of human wildlife conflict its impacts on farmers its

causes type of damages preventive measures and compensation procedures amp packages with context to

global Indian and Madhya Pradesh scenario The fourth chapter deals with detailed analysis of the primary

and secondary data collected during the study including both quantitative and qualitative data analysis


xiii

approaches The analysis and results are represented in the form of various graphs and charts Basis

statistical methods wherever required and found appropriate like arithmetic mean and rating using Likert

scale have also been utilized in the analysis The fifth and final chapter is about recommendations based

upon the key findings derived though data analysis

7 Key Findings

bull Frequency and Pattern of Invasions On an average there are about 21-22 incidents of crop

raiding happening per month with variations according to seasons Respondents were of the view

that pattern of crop raiding has changed with more number of crop raiding incidents happening

than previously

bull Periodicity of Invasions Crop raiding incidents are high during the Kharif season (71)

between the months of July to September and in Rabi season (47) from January to March

bull Animals mostly involved Wild boar (100 responses) is the most problematic animal which is

involved in the crop raiding After that Blue bull is involved in 29 of the cases

bull Crops mostly destroyed It includes Corn Wheat Gram Sugarcane pulses etc Corn is the

most destroyed crop with 7368 responses followed by Wheat (4474) and Gram with

3684

bull Mitigation measures 89 respondents use some kind of protective measures against crop

raiding Night watching (7368) is the most used protective measures followed by lightfire-

crackers (6316) and fencing (421) In terms of effectiveness fencing is found to be most

effective followed by night watching as reported by respondents

bull Compensation for crop loss from wildlife For 53 respondents the source of information

was Forest department followed by Revenue department (37) The first point of contact was

Revenue department for 84 respondents followed by forest department (421)

bull Problems in compensation procedure Lack of knowledge (61) and lack of information

sharing (29) are two major reported problems by respondents The average time taken in whole

procedure is about 208 days with major delaying pert being compensation payment which takes


xiv

about 199 days The average expenditure is about Rs 277- with highest expenditure being on

the travel cost (Rs 127-)

bull Crop damage verification and assessment In 63 cases the damage verification is done by

Revenue officer Patwari followed by forest officers Beat guard with 31 cases In 9737 of

the cases damage assessment is done by Revenue officerPatwari In 89 of the cases damage

assessment is done visually based on personal assessment

bull Compensation amount The percentage of compensation received against crop loss is 17

which means that the compensation amount received by farmers is only 17 of the actual

loss

bull Short and long term impacts Incidents of crop raiding leads to a change in the mindset of

people about wildlife These incidents have various short and long term economic socio-cultural

impacts on farmersrsquo life health childrenrsquosrsquo education etc (for detail refer 4119)

bull Other major findings highlighted in the focus group discussions semi structured interviews include

and secondary data analysis include complexity of compensation procedure multiplicity of

authorities irregularities in crop damage verification and assessment inadequacy and

complexities of the compensation package

8 Key Recommendations

bull The findings of the data analysis reveals that reliability and trust of people is more over the forest

department and since forest department is already handling the other three compensation

schemes of human wildlife conflict ie human death human injury livestock death or injury etc the

entire process of handling the crop raiding cases should be handed over to forest

department

bull The first point of contact for reporting crop raiding cases should be at Beat Guard level Both

channels of incident reporting ie offline and online through Lok Seva Kendra (LSK) should be

continued with a revised application format (refer 5111)


xv

bull The cases with less than 50 damage should be verified and assessed by Beat guard while in

the cases with more than 50 damage assessment should be carried out by Forrest range

officer (for detailed process please refer 5112)

bull The payment of compensation should be done by forest department itself Divisional Forest

officer (DFO) will be the authority for sanctioning and releasing the compensation amount

Feedback mechanism along with process of appeal should be adopted in the entire process of

compensation payment

bull The rates of compensation should compensate for 75 of the actual loss with revisions of rates

at each financial year Lower limit of 25 loss should be replaced with minimum loss of Rs

2000- The existing criteria of different rates for farmers with different landholdings and for

different damage slabs should be removed (for detail please refer 512)

bull Various measures can be adopted by farmers to prevent incident of crop raiding using physical

barriers biological barriers and traditional methods The physical barriers include circular razor

wire fencing barbed wire fencing chain link fencing and HDPE net fencing The biological

barriers include safflower and castor as barrier crops The traditional methods include colored

sari barriers use of human hair egg solution and animal excreta as repellant The effectiveness

of each type of measure has been discussed in detail in section 513

bull Change in the cropping pattern distribution of fencing or subsidies on fencing based on

vulnerability can also be adopted as localized measures Optional fencing as part of

compensation package can also be adopted by the government

bull Awareness campaigns are very important to bring awareness among people about human wildlife

conflict crop raiding and various preventive measures The compensation procedure along with its

criteria should also be popularized among general masses

bull Capacity building programs should be organized for officials of the concerned departments Beat

guard and Forest range officer should be given training for crop damage verification and

assessment

bull Crop damage by wildlife should be part of crop insurance schemes Efforts should be made to

bring it under the scheme of PMFBY (Prime Minister Fasal Bima Yojna)


1

Chapter 1 Introduction

11 Background

Damage to agricultural crops by wild animals is a natural phenomenon that presumably existed since the

origin of agriculture However it is no more possible that this loss is borne by a few farmers close to

protected areas without creating resentment which would be ultimately harmful to conservation (Bayani A

2016)

Agricultural lands close to protected areas (PAs) often face crop raiding by wild herbivores which can be a

serious problem for farmers whose livelihoods depend on agricultural produce In order to avoid economic

loss farmers apply a range of protective measures They include manual guarding various types of fences

trenches and other devices However these measures often come with high associated costs and risks

The traditional fences are made using wooden poles and thorny branches lopped from nearby forests

causing substantial damage to the forest Destructive measures such as traps can kill or injure animals

Highly sophisticated means such as electric fences are expensive and need continued maintenance

Although a number of measures have been developed and shown to be effective on an experimental scale

there are reason why they achieve limited success when employed on a wider spatial scale (Watve

Milindlowast 2015)

Damage to agricultural crops by protected species in the vicinity of wildlife parks is an important but

underestimated problem As resentment in local people is a major potential threat to conservation

programs a number of attempts have been made to mitigate the conflict (eg Mathur et al 2015) Two

main possible approaches are either aimed at protecting the crops from damage or to offer direct or indirect

compensation for the damage

Since measures to protect crops are generally met with limited success in areas with high animal density

some form of compensation for the damage is necessary to avoid resentment of local farmers The general

method of compensation followed globally is that the victim makes a claim which is verified or negotiated

by the compensating agency and the agreed amount is paid The major flaw in this method is that objective

and realistic assessment of damage is difficult Subjectivity in visual assessment leads to conflicts and both

under and over-compensation is counterproductive in the long run (Watve Milindlowast 2015)


2

Since it is not possible to offer effective protection to crops in every situation the compensation approach

becomes in evitable The nature of conflict and accordingly the concept of compensation are widespread in

wildlife management However laws and practices of compensation vary widely across different countries

and so does their effectiveness (DeKlemm 1996 Schwerdtner and Gruber 2007 Gordon2009 Agarwala

et al2010) The cultural and political back ground often shapes the compensation practices Peoplersquos

perception and tolerance towards wildlife damage is highly variable across cultures and even locally across

a small distance (Agarwala et al2010 Nagendra et al2010)

12 Problems in current compensation practices

A universal inadequacy of all the compensation practices is that the laws and procedures all over the world

provide no clear-cut guidelines on how to estimate damage Also there are no reliable methods to

differentiate wildlife damage from other sources of damage including domesticated or feral animals Since

there are no objective methods for damage assessment the system depends upon individual judgments

and therefore invites conflicts as well as corruption (Ogra and Badola 2008 Bayani et al manuscript under

review) It is also important to realize that both under-compensation and over compensation can have

deleterious consequences for conservation Under-compensation increases resentment and over

compensation can encourage human settlement and activities near the park (Studsrod and

Wegge1995Sekhar1998Bulte and Rondeau 2005) Therefore a realistic assessment is extremely

important in the long-term interest of conservation

Apart from the above the currently practiced compensation or insurance schemes have often failed to work

satisfactorily due to a variety of reasons the main concern being gross under-compensation (Chen et

al2013Karanth et al2013ab) Therefore an was made through the present study to simplify the existing

procedures for compensating loss to agriculture crops by the wild life and to understand the long and short

terms impacts of crop raiding on the livelihood of the farmers and suggest ideal compensation package to

cover the losses to the extent possible

13 Issuesgaps related to the compensation schemes

Like any other scheme program or proposal there are issues related to the compensation scheme

Critique of compensation scheme mention these as reasons why compensation schemes are not

successful in reducing human wildlife conflict Their main arguments are that schemes are inefficient prone


3

to corruption or fraud lack accountability transparency actual assessment and require a long

administrative process (Bulte et al 2005)(Karanth et al 2018) These issues are discussed below

131 Long Administrative Process

Most of the compensation schemes have very complicated administrative processes for filing assessment

disposal and disbursement of compensation Sometimes the processes are not very well structured and

lack accountability is causing trouble to victimsclaimants

132 Multiplicity of authorities

The compensation schemes involve different departments for different procedures and roles For example

in Madhya Pradesh multiplicity of authorities (Forest and Revenue department) leads to more time

consumption in settlement and disbursement of compensation to the claimants Due to the divorce between

the functions and duties of the Revenue and Forest department The responsibilities of both the

departments are clearly not specified to the villagers as they often admitted to inform the Forest

Department about their crop losses though inspection and filing of cases for crop loss lies in the purview of

the Revenue Department1

133 Prone to corruption or fraud

It is one of the biggest challenges in the success of any compensation scheme Government officials are

found to be involved in the bribery incidents to fasten the process Sometimes the office bearers of the

claim settlement agency too ask bribe for damage assessment mentioning higher damage and for claiming

more compensation There might be cases where partial or no payment has been made to the victim by the

officers

134 Damage assessment (Compensation Package)

Damage assessment is also a point of concern in the compensation schemes Most of the time people

report that they have been paid less compensation than the actual damage Also indirect costs like

transaction cost hidden costs in the form of socio-cultural needs psychological well-being are not

considered under the package (Karanth et al 2018)

1 httpcdedseorgwp-contentuploads2018063Cost-of-Human-Wildlife-Conflict-and-its-Compensation-in-Kuno-Wildlife-Sanctuarypdf


4

135 Lack of feedback mechanism

There is no procedure for receiving feedback on the implementation and impact of the scheme on the

ground The field officials involved in implementation of scheme like the deputy ranger or the SDO neither

have been consulted for updating or formulating the scheme nor did they know which authority was

responsible for framing these rules A compensation scheme which fails to incorporate the opinions of local

forest officials let alone the local villagers would not be successful in addressing the nuances of human

wildlife conflict Such a scheme may in fact be ineffective when implemented on the ground or by its very

formulation difficult to implement at all2

14 Rationale of the study

Damage to crops gives rise to antagonistic relationship between humans and wildlife contributing to what is

termed as human-wildlife conflict which has wider implications This gives rise to the need for investigating

such conflicts in detail The present study shall address the issues arising from destruction to standing

crops on farmersrsquo fields by wildlife and review the range of government orders governing the loss

compensation regime and the procedures followed in the field both by the Revenue and Forest

Departments and come up with recommendations for their simplification

15 Objectives of the study



1 Recommend simplification of the procedure for affected farmers to apply for and obtain loss

compensation

2 Assess and suggest modifications to the compensation package both in terms of its coverage and

rates

3 To make an assessment of the short and long term impacts of incidents of crop damage and the

local administrationrsquos response mechanism have on the larger narrative of human-wildlife conflict

2 Cost-of-Human-Wildlife-Conflict-and-its-Compensation-in-Kuno-Wildlife-Sanctuarypdf


5

16 Limitations of the study

Access to the data (details of the cases and the list of claimants) was the biggest limitation for the present

study The quantitative data collection was also difficult due to non-receipt of the list of the claimants who

have received compensation during last 3 years for crop losses due to wild life and the remote locations ie

majority of the respondents resides either at forest or remote villages of the sampled districts So to

contact them in one go was a very challenging task faced by the survey team during data collection

Another constraint was the response of the principal stakeholders like the Forest and Revenue department

the expected support and cooperation was not provided by these stakeholders at various stages of the

project Another limitation which occurred during the present study is the outbreak of Covid-19 cases

across Madhya Pradesh it has also restricted the primary data collection ie the field survey to a large

extent Last but not the least the timelines it was very difficult to complete the research with in the

stipulated time frame due to the above mentioned factors


6

Chapter 2 Methodology

21 The Data Collection approach

The nature of the research problem in this study led me to address the objectives through a mixed methods

approach (Teddlie and Yu 2007) using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches (Kitchin

and Tate 2000) as well as through community level participatory (PRA) methods (Mikkelsen 2005) Mixed

method approach (combining qualitative quantitative and participatory methods) is expected to yield more

than the sum of the different approaches used independently (White 2002 Seale 2006) The

complementary use of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides a greater range of insights and

perspectives It permits triangulation or the confirmation of findings by different methods Overall this

approach improves the validity of results and makes the study of greater use to the constituencies to which

it was intended to be addressed (Maxwell 1998)

211 Secondary Data collection

Secondary data was collected from different relevant sources like officesrsquo of PCCF (Wildlife) amp Divisional

Forest Officer (DFO) regional forest offices and various literature like articles published in various journals

papers reports newspapers etc The data were collected particularly related to the crop damages by

wildlife in and around the study area Apart from this the following informationdocumentsrecords were

collected from the forest and revenue departments for the present study-

1 Area profile of district chosen under the study

2 Guidelines rules and procedures for settlement of compensation claims

3 Eligibility criteria for loss compensation and type of crops covered under loss compensation

4 District wise data of last three years related to the number of claims filed settled rejected and

pending (list of settled cases received from Chhindwara Chhatarpur and Burhanpur districts

only)

5 District wise status of loss compensation (compensation reported and received) - Year wise data of

total compensation paid out to the individual households by the authorities for crop damage for the

last three years 2015ndash2018 etc


7

212 Primary Data collection

2121 Quantitative data collection

A structured self-administered questionnaire based survey was conducted to collect data from the

stakeholders like the claimants who have received compensation of crop damage by wild life and human

wildlife conflicts The questionnaire was drafted in Hindi efforts were also taken to keep the questionnaire

simple and easy to understand Majority of the questions were close ended for simplicity in quantitative

analysis Before initiating the filed survey pilot survey was conducted with the respondents from Churna

village Block Budhni District Hoshangabad 7-8 farmers were randomly selected for the pilot survey

after which necessary improvements were made in the questionnaire Data verification by cross checking

was done in few cases where there was doubt in the validity of the data being collected The quantitative

data was compiled in a specific format which was further analysed to draw conclusions The data collected

during the pilot survey was not considered in the result analysis

2122 Qualitative Data collection

The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is also called as a group interview where a researcher conducts a form

of in-depth interview with research participations (Kitzinger 1995 Robinson 1999 Theobald et al 2011

Webb amp Kevern 2001) It is conducted with a small group of people who share their ideas insights and

expectations on a specific topic selected by a researcher (Kitzinger 1995 Kumar 1987 Morgan 1984

Powell amp Single 1996 Robinson 1999) In the present study the qualitative data was collected by

conducting FGDs in the sampled districts

Out of 5 sampled districts the list of claimants who have received the compensation for crop loss due to

wild life was received from Chhindwara Chhatarpur and Burhanpur districts Hence considering data

availability time and geographical remoteness 4 FGDs were conducted in the present study with different

group of respondents at various locations of these three districts Out of these 2 FGDs have been

conducted in Bichhua tehsil of Chhindwara district and 1 FGD each in the Nepanagar and Bakswaha

tehsil of Burhanpur and Chhatarpur district respectively

There were 8 members in each FGD conducted at Chhindwara and Chhatarpur district while in Burhanpur

4 members were part of the FGD Participants were provided with an introduction about human wildlife

conflict and its implications A brief about the project has also been shared before starting of the each

FGDs The participations of FGDs and their locations were purposively selected to represent different


8

settings of study area ensuring representation of different caste class ethnicity and gender dimensions

The information generated through the FGDs were noted by the research associate It was further compiled

and analysed according to the need of research questions The data was interpreted and presented as bar

diagrams or paragraphsphrases as required Apart from this semi structured interviews were conducted

with other stakeholders like officials of Forest and Revenue Department which has broadly covered the

issues related to the entire process of compensating loss to agriculture crops by wild life

22 Sample design

A multi stage sampling method was adopted for the study The selection of study area ie Panna National

Park and Banghavgarh National Park covering Panna and Chhatarpur districts has been made purposively

As per the request of the department and to cover the non-protected forest areas three districts namely

Chhindwara Burahnpur and Neemach where the incidence of crop damage has been reported are also

chosen for the study

The number of respondents ie claimants was chosen by using the slovinrsquos formula

n = N (1+Ne2) Where n = population e = confidence level Hence if we consider 95 confidence

level the sample respondents will be as under

= 57 81758 1 + 5781758 x (005)2

= 57 81758 1445539

= 399 say 400

Therefore earlier it was decided to randomly choose 400 claimants for Household survey under the

study these will also include the respondents whose claims are either rejected or pending as on today As

per above sample design initially it was planned to carry out quantitative data collection through

conducting field survey in 5 districts of Madhya Pradesh namely Panna Chhatarpur Burhanpur

Chhindwara and Neemach For the said purpose the Institute has requested the district administration

of the above-mentioned districts to provide the list of claimants who have claimedreceived

compensation for crop loss due to wildlife of last 3 years in their respective districts But despite of several

efforts made by the Institute only Burhanpur Chhatarpur and Chhindwara district responded and

provided the list of 18 13 and 31 claimants respectively


9

To cover the decided sample size of 400 claimants it was then decided to increase the number of

districts for the study Therefore efforts were taken to collect the data from State Authority of Public

Service (SAPS) Bhopal for collection of number of cases registered under service no 43 through Lok

Sewa Kendrasrsquo (LSKs)

On the basis of data received from SAPS districts having maximum number of cases of the service

number 43 notified under Lok Sewa Gurantee Adhiniyam registered through LSKs 4 districts namely

Seoni Raisen Shahdol and Umaria were chosen as additional districts for the field survey Institute has

also requested the district administration of these districts to provide the details of claimants with their

contact information to the Institute so that survey could be carried out in chosen districts but none of the

district responded Hence due to non-receipt of the stakeholderrsquos information keeping the timelines

of the project and considering the data availability it was decided to conduct the quantitative and qualitative

data collection ie the filed survey and FGDs at Burhanpur Chhindwara and Chhatarpur district

respectively

23 Profile of the study area

A brief profile of all the three districts ie Burhanpur Chhindwara and Chhatarpur has been given below to

have a basic understanding about the study area The area profile of all tehsils which have been selected

for sampling within the district based upon the data availability is also discussed The crop destruction

vulnerability factor has also been explored for all the areas in brief These are some basic information

and primary observation as understood through primary and secondary sources The detailed

vulnerability and hazards are only possible through a comprehensive analysis of available primary data

which has been discussed in data analysis chapter of the report

231 Burhanpur

Burhanpur is a south western district and Municipal Corporation in the state of Madhya Pradesh situated on

the bank of river Tapi Itrsquos a historical town which got significant importance during Mughal period

Burhanpur have various historic buildings and forts significant of which include Shahi Quila Hamam and

Asirgarh fort As per 2011 census Burhanpur has a population of 758 lakh with a literacy rate of 6436

percent Tourism is one of the main attraction and economic driver of the city Other than tourism

Burhanpur is also famous for its industries including textile industry cotton oil paper and sugar mills It is

the largest power loom industry in the state of Madhya Pradesh There are also furniture based industries


10

in the district due to availability of good quality wood The district has a total 19521 hectare area under

forest which is home to many wild animals

Burhanpur district is an agriculture predominant area with Banana and cotton being the main crops

produced in the district The district is the largest producer of Bananas in the state Other than this

Sugarcane is also cultivated at large in the district However the incidences of crop raiding have forced

people to shift from cropping of sugarcanes to some other crops

Nepanagar is one of the main tehsils of Burhanpur having a population of 190994 as per 2011 census of

India The word Nepanagar derives from NEPA National Environment Protection Authority pointing

towards its significant environmental importance The tehsil falls between Burhanpur and khandwa district

and is surrounded by many small villages with agriculture being the primary occupation Nepanagar is

famous for its paper mill established in 1948 The main raw material for production includes Salai wood and

Bamboo which is available in abundance in the forests around Nepanagar

232 Chhindwara

Chhindwara is a district and municipal corporation located on the southernmost part of the state of Madhya

Pradesh The district is bounded by Maharashtra on the south The word Chhindwara is derived from

chhind which means ldquowild date palm treesrdquo which are found in abundance in the district The second story

links it to ldquosinhrdquo meaning lions and entering in the district was considered to be entering in the lionrsquos den

Both the stories indicates towards rich flora and fauna found in the district It is an old municipality founded

during the British period in 1867

The district lies in the Satpura range and is the largest district in the State in terms of area The district lies

on a plateau surrounded by dense forests with diverse flora and fauna The river Pench has the origin in

the district and flows through Pench national park which also includes Pench tiger reserve which is one of

the reserves under tiger project of India Chhindwara has a population of 2091 lakh as per 2011 census of

India and a literacy rate 7116

City has a diverse economy with brands like Raymondrsquos and Hindustan Uniliver having home in the district

Coal mines are also there in some part of the district The district is very rich in terms of natural tourist

destinations likes of which include Patalkot Tamia hills Waterfalls of Kukdi-khapa and Lilahi etc Other

than this there are also some historical buildings like Deogarh fort Neelkanthi and cultural attractions like

tribal museum Gotmar mela etc The dense forests of Chhindwara covers an area of around 4212556 kmsup2


11

which have some major commercially harvested trees like Bamboo teak harra saalbeej and tendu patta

etc

Bichhua is one of the 13 tehsils of Chhindwara district located 32 KM towards South from District

headquarters Chhindwara It has a population of 87691 and a literacy rate of 7021 as per 2011 census

The main occupation of the area is agriculture with corn sugarcane jowar and Toor being some major

harvested crops The Pench national park is in the vicinity and is home to a diverse wildlife Almost all of

the agricultural fields in the tehsil are vulnerable to the crop destruction from wildlife due to their proximity to

the core or buffer areas of the National Park

233 Chhatarpur

Chhatarpur is a district situated in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh state Itrsquos a municipality and is part

of the Bundelkhand region The city of Chatarpur is named after the Bundela king Maharaj Chhatrasal It

was a princely state during British period and also had Nowgang cantonment which was one of the major

cantonments in the Bundelkhand agency of central India

The district has a semi-arid climate which is mixed with its dry and hilly geography Chhatarpur has a

population of 1762 lakh and an average literacy rate of 6374 as per the census of 2011 The main

economic activity in the district is related to the agriculture since there is no major large-scale industry in

the district Other than that commercial activities and granite mining are also practiced in some areas

The district is prone to droughts and faces severe scarcity of farming and potable drinking water Since the

most people livelihood is dependent upon farming any crisis natural or even incidences like crop loss due to

human wildlife conflict have larger consequences on the lives of people

Bakswaha is one of the 11 tehsils of Chhatarpur which has an area of 903 square km and a population of

90277 Itrsquos a new tehsil and earlier it was part of the Bijwar tehsil It is situated 10 km away from Bijawar

and 50 km away from district headquarter Chhatarpur The major crops cultivated in the area include

wheat gram and Jowar Good quality timber is also found in plenty in the nearby forest areas Buxwaha is

adjacent to Panna national park which makes it vulnerable to the incidences of crop raiding The movement

of wild animals from national park to the nearby fields and destruction of standing crops is a common

phenomenon in the area These incidences enhance the livelihood hazards to the people already

vulnerable to the natural disasters like droughts


12

24 Data Analysis

The quantitative data was analyzed using the statistical software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social

Science) version 220 The pre-tested questionnaire was entered into MS-Excel and then imported to

SPSS Then data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean standard deviation percentage

frequency minimum and maximum standard error and range) Apart from this correlational analysis and

statistical tests like regression and Chi-square test was applied depending upon the necessity and type of

data received


13

Chapter 3 Literature Review

This chapter deals with various literatures that have been studied in order to have a basic understanding of

the concept of human wildlife conflict (HWC) its implication on peoplersquos life and government response

(compensation schemes mitigation strategies) to overcome these challenges The HWC is a global issue

and requires a comprehensive approach with focus upon the issues that are universal in nature at the

same time analyzing the local challenges faced by people

Various literatures have been covered under literature review to examine the concept of human wildlife

conflict along with the scenarios at Global National and State level Compensation schemes and their

importance issues and components of good compensation scheme have been discussed which will help

us to analysis various components of the existing compensation scheme of Madhya Pradesh with the

practices and procedures adopted by other countries in general and various States of the India in particular

The review of literature shows that human wildlife conflict is a debatable subject with various view-points

and requires a detailed study on the subject The present literature review is a way forward towards this

and this will also lay the foundation for the study

31 Human Wildlife Conflict

311 Definitions

There are various definitions of Human Wildlife conflict which have been given by various organizations

authors study reports and other mediums Some of these have been included in the study for basic

understanding

According to International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

ldquoHuman-wildlife conflict (HWC) occurs when animals pose a direct and recurring threat to the livelihood or

safety of people leading to the persecution of that speciesrdquo (International Union for the Conservation of

Nature (IUCN))

Francine M Madden says that ldquoHWC occurs when humans or wildlife harm or threaten one another in the

course of pursuing their needs or interests In particular it includes cases where wildlife threatens attacks


14

injures or kills humans as well as cases where wildlife threatens attacks injures or destroys their

livestock crops or propertyrdquo (Madden 2008)

Anthony and Jolly are of the view that Human wildlife conflict is ldquoany interaction between humans and

wildlife that results in negative impacts on human social economic or cultural life on the conservation of

wildlife populations or on the environment (Anthony et al 2009)

To summarize these definitions we can say that ldquoHuman Wildlife Conflict is a direct interaction between

human and wildlife leading to conflict having negative implications upon both Classical theories of HWC

only focused upon the damage caused to human side but modern literatures consider HWC as a

bidirectional phenomenon causing damages to both humans as well as to wildliferdquo

32 Causes of Conflict

There are various reasons for human wildlife conflict Looking at the complexity of the problem in terms of

its global coverage it will be very difficult to compile all the causes However efforts have been made to

cover all the possible causes The causes can be broadly classified under the following heads

bull Increase in Human Population

bull Land Cover Transformation

bull Wildlife Habitat Shrinkage

bull Livestock Grazing and Collection of Forest Produce

33 Type of Damages

As discussed Human Wildlife conflict leads to Crop amp Property loss Livestock predation Human injury or

death and retaliation against wildlife which may result into injury or death of the animal All of these

damages have been discussed below

bull Human Injury or Death

bull Livestock Predation

bull Crop loss and Property Damage

bull Wildlife Injury or Death due to Retaliation


15

34 Impacts of Human Wildlife Conflict on Human

Types of damages due to human wildlife conflict have already been discussed Now we will discuss about

the various impacts that human wildlife conflict can have on the humans These impacts can be classified

into two different categories based on the nature of impacts first being direct or indirect impacts and

second short term or long-term impacts

A matrix (Table 1) has been formulated based on these two dimensions and various impacts of human

wildlife conflict have been classified accordingly in the matrix This needs to be considered that all type of

impacts has an equal importance while most of the compensation schemes only account for the direct and

short term impacts only

Table 1 Matrix representation of impacts of human wildlife conflict

Type of Impact Direct Impacts Indirect Impacts

Short Term Impacts Crop Loss

Property loss

Livestock Injury or Death

Human Injury or Death

Childrenrsquos Education

Lower Attendance

Food Insecurity

Transaction cost (for compensation)

Long Term Impacts Impact on the Next Crop

Guarding Investments

Less interest for livestock

Increased hostility towards wildlife

Social and Psychological Well being

Quality of life

Livelihood

Source Author

35 Mitigation Measures

There are various mitigation measures which are adopted by people to avoid human wildlife conflict These

mechanism ranges from (Karanth et al 2018) (Mehta et al 2018)

bull Early warning system

bull Use of protection measures like

physical boundary

fences


16

thorn bushes

shrub planting

ditches

bull Use of Snares scarecrow

bull Noise (beating drums firecrackers shouting) night light

bull Guarding (animal amp human) etc

The effectiveness of these mitigation measures is still a question of research and there is an urgent need to

evaluate whether these mitigation measures are successful in preventing or reducing human wildlife conflict

incidents (Karanth et al 2017) Also there effectiveness in each category of damage needs to be

addressed separately

36 Context and Scenarios

361 Global Scenario

The historical trajectories based on the data of human wildlife conflict show that cases of human wildlife

conflict have risen over the period (Karanth et al 2018) (Anand et al 2017) There might be many

reasons responsible for this and it might be a subject of research but the fact that human wildlife conflict

has become a global issue cannot be ignored

Countries with primary sector based economy are more vulnerable to these conflicts since most cases of

Human wildlife conflict have been found to be associated with agriculture or livestock Countries use

different approaches for managing and controlling human wildlife conflict but still the fact that there is a lack

of research about which ecological and socio-economic factors drive human wildlife conflict canrsquot be

ignored (Karanth et al 2013)

Human wildlife conflicts are more common in developing countries (Mukeka et al 2019) These countries

mostly include African south Asian and southeast Asian countries The reasons behind this are their

agrarian economy unprotected wildlife lack of awareness among people due to low literacy and lack of

support from government Since farmers in developing countries have limited access to cash owning to

their economic conditions these incidences of conflicts may have serious implications and individual losses

might be relatively higher (Mehta et al 2018)


17

The countries also vary in terms of compensation provided for losses due to human wildlife conflict

Developed countries have very structured procedure for compensation claim assessment and delivery

which is managed directly by government or insurance companies In developing countries they either lack

the provision for compensation or the delivery mechanism is very slow and complex Also compensation

rates in developing countries are very low as compared to the developed countries

The average payment in India for crop and property loss was $47 $74 for livestock loss $103 for human

injury and $3224 for human death For crop and property loss Wisconsin and Colorado State of USA paid

an average of $1940 and $3031 respectively The rates of compensation for livestock loss in Europe are in

the range of 700-900 Republic of Kenya is paying $20000 $30000 and $50000 for human injury disability

and death respectively (Karanth et al 2018)

362 Indian Scenario

India is one of those developing countries which primarily depend upon agricultural sector with more than

half of the population engaged in agricultural activities The incidences of human wildlife conflicts are also

very frequent in India owning to its rich biodiversity settlements closeness to forest areas unavailability of

protection measures lack of awareness and other socio-economic factors

India also has a very huge number of protected forests reserves National Parks Sanctuaries etc which

are home to substantial wildlife population that go out of their habitat to neighboring settlements and

cultivated areas leading to conflict (Karanth et al 2017) Crop damage in India is higher along the

periphery of protected forest National Parks and Wildlife sanctuaries similar to other Asian and African

countries (Mehta et al 2018)

The incidents of human wildlife conflict in India are look upon by the Ministry of Environment Forest amp

Climate change at central level However at State level different states deal with the problems differently

All the states vary in terms of compensation payments procedures and policies towards human wildlife

conflict

As per a study by Krithi K karanth Shriyam Gupta and Anubhav Vanamamalai of all the 29 States of India

excluding Union territories 28 compensated for human injury or death 26 for livestock 22 for crop loss and

18 for property damage (Karanth et al 2018) The rate of compensation and procedure for claiming the

same also varies between the states (See Figure 1)


18

Figure 1 The total number of (a) human-wildlife conflict incidents and (b) compensation payment amounts for reported incidents of conflict across Indian states with complete information from 2012 to 2013

(Source Karanth et al 2018 Compensation payments procedures and policies towards human-wildlife conflict management Insights from India)

In 2012-13 of all conflict incidents 734 of the cases were of crop loss (Karanth et al 2018) but still

there are many Indian States like Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Rajasthan JampK Manipur and

Nagaland which still donrsquot have any policy for compensation related to the crop loss by wildlife

The total number of conflict incidents in different states (annexure A) total amount of compensation paid by

different states (annexure B) in different states of India is attached as annexure in this report Assessment

procedure and compensation policies in different states and compensation package for crop loss in

different states of India has been tabulated in the table number 5 and 6 respectively

363 Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is one of those States of India which have a very rich biodiversity of flora and fauna The

total forest area of Madhya Pradesh is 77462 km2 which is highest among all States There are 9 National

Parks 5 Tiger Reserves and 25 wildlife sanctuaries which are designated as protected areas and cover

325 of the total geographic area of the state (Wildlife Institute of India Dehradun 2016) It is also home

to several rare endemic and endangered species which are very important from the conservation point of


19

view It is home to around 45 species of wild mammals which is 10 of the total mammalian fauna in India

(Wildlife Institute of India Dehradun 2016)

With such large forest land and diversity of wildlife itrsquos no surprise that Madhya Pradesh is also one of the

states where highest incidents of human wildlife conflict have been found Madhya Pradesh is also home to

various tribal and other schedule tribe populations which are primarily dependent upon forest produce for

their living This makes the state more vulnerable for human wildlife conflict

The state government of Madhya Pradesh has procedure for compensation payments in the cases where

human wildlife conflict leads to human death or injury livestock predation and crop loss or property

damage It is also one of those states which are leading in terms of compensation payments amount

37 Compensation for Human (Injury or Death) Livestock loss

The issues of Human death or Injury and Livestock predation are handled by Forest department while crop

loss by wildlife is handled separately by Revenue department All the compensation related procedure for

human wildlife conflict comes under the ldquoLok Sewa Guarantee Adhiniyamrdquo which makes it mandatory to

address the applicant in a given timeframe

Detailed Information about Service under Lok seva Guarantee Adhiniyam for Human injury Death and

Livestock loss is mentioned below in table 2

Table 2 Detailed Information about Service under Lok seva Guarantee Adhiniyam (For Human injury Death and Livestock loss)

Notified

Service

Documents to be

attached along with

the Application

Name of

the

designate

d officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time

limit

fixed for

disposal

of first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of relief

amount

for loss

of life

from

wild

animals

Copy of FIR Police

Report

Certificate in respect

of death (Doctor

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body

Forest

Range

Officer

(परिकषतराधि

कािी)

For Urban

Area - 3

working

days

For rural

area - 3

working

Forest Officer

(वन

मडलाधिकािी)

Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors


20

Certificate

Panchnama)

Post Mortem Report

Successor

certificate

(Certificate of

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body)

days

Payment

of relief

amount

for

human

injury

from

wild

animals

Certificate or

Panchnama issued

by Doctor Sarpanch

Panchayat

Secretary Local

Body

Bills paid related to

the treatment

In the event of

permanent disability

a certificate given by

a competent medical

practitioner

(Check it only for


related cases)

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 7

working

days

For rural

area - 7

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Payment

of relief

for

animal

loss

from

wild

animals

Receipt of written

information to the

concerned forest

officer if any within

48 hours regarding

the incident

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 30

working

days

For rural

area - 30

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

30

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Source mpedistrictgovin

Deadline for submission of first appeal within 30 days from the decision of the designated officer

Deadline for submission of second appeal within 60 days from the decision of the first appeal officer


21

38 Compensation for Crop loss by Wildlife

Since our study is about ldquoSimplification of procedures for compensating loss to agriculture crops by

wildliferdquo we will focus upon this dimension of human wildlife conflict in detail Among 29 states in India 22

States pay compensation for damage or loss to agricultural crops by wildlife Out of these 16 states

have a defined crop list while other follow capped compensation amount regardless of damage or an

amount based on damage per hectare (Karanth et al 2018)

The compensation payments procedures and policies towards human wildlife conflict leading to crop loss

are govern by the Revenue Department Government of Madhya Pradesh Circular Number F 5-

62014Seven-1 dated 28 January 2014 with respect to Revenue Department Service Number 46

regarding the payment of crop loss from wild animals (in revenue and forest villages) While the Criteria and

amount of government aid set for crop loss from wild animals is govern by the Revenue Book Circular

Section 6 Number 4 (6-4) annexure 1 (A) 2018 Detailed Information about Service under Lok Seva

Guarantee Adhiniyam for crop loss by wildlife is mentioned below in table 3


Notified

Service

Documents

to be

attached

along with

the

Application

Name of the

designated officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of crop

loss from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

No

document is

required for

this service

Cases up to Rs

30000 cases

Tehsildar

Additional

Tehsildar Naib

Tehsildar ( in

their respective

jurisdiction)

As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Subdivisional

Officer

Revenue As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Collector

Cases up to Rs

50000

Subdivisional

Officer Revenue

Collector Divisional

commission

er

Cases up to Rs

2 lakhs Collector

Divisional

commissioner

Secretary

Revenue



22

381 Procedure for filing Application

The applicant can submit his application directly to the designated officers office or to the Lok Sewa

Kendra In the case of submitting the application to the office of the designated officer action will be taken

as follows-

bull In order to obtain service the application form according to the format will be submitted in the office

of the designated officer (Tehsildar Additional Tehsildar Naib Tehsildar)

bull The mobile number of the applicant should also be mentioned while taking the application so that

SMS alerts can be done as per the requirement

bull On submission of the application the acknowledgment of the submission of the application will be

given to the applicant in the proper format under Section 5 (1) of the Public Service Delivery

Guarantee Act

bull The deadline for disposal will be mentioned on the acknowledgment of the application

bull The application will be disposed of as soon as possible but before the prescribed time limit by

following the procedure prescribed by the designated officer concerned

bull In case of rejection of the application form information will be given in writing to the applicant along

with the reason

In case of submission of application in any of the Lok Sewa Kendra of MP Government action will be taken

as follows-

bull The application will be filed online on the software

bull While receiving the application the mobile number and email ID of the applicant must be taken in

case the applicant is having them

bull After taking print of the online application the signature of the applicant will be taken on the

printout Such hardcopy will be received by designated officer every Monday (next working day in

case of holiday) through special carrier

bull With the submission of the online application the acknowledgment of the application will be

generated from the software

bull In the event of submission of complete application the time limit for disposal will be marked by the

software


23

bull After the application is submitted the acknowledgment will be signed by the operator and will be

given to the applicant

bull As soon as the online acknowledgment of the application is issued at the Lok Seva Kendra the

application will be available online in the account of the designated officer concerned

bull On the basis of online application the designated officer will take action to dispose of it according

to the procedure described in the circular and will provide service by disposing of the application as

soon as possible before the deadline

bull Lok Seva Kendra operator will print out the copy of the payment notice issued by the digital

signature of the designated officer from the software and make it available to the applicant

bull If the designated officer finds that it is not possible to approve due to certain reasons then he will

cancel the application showing the reasons in writing and inform the online applicant through digital

signature

bull Letter regarding information about service delivery or non-delivery by Lok Seva Kendra operator

will be given by taking printout from digital sign repository (wwwmpedistrictgivin) and below

verification certificate with the signature and seal will be written on the letter- It is certified that the

printout of this letter has been taken out from the website by me

382 Procedure for disposal of Applications

Procedure for disposal of application is as follows

bull On receipt of the application form the designated officer will send the application form within 3

working days to his subordinate Revenue Inspector Patwari for inspection

bull Concerned Revenue Inspector Patwari will prepare the report after site Inspection jointly with

beat guard Parikshetra Sahayak of Forest Department and with the employee of Agriculture

Horticulture Department as required

bull The above officers employees will submit their report after site inspection within a maximum of 7

working days

bull If required the designated officer will be able to check the site himself by site inspection

bull In the event of eligibility financial assistance will be approved in the office of the designated officer

concerned on the basis of the report received from the Revenue Officers

bull Notice regarding payment order will be given in writing to the affected person This action will be

done within 30 working days of receipt of application


24

383 Procedure for Payment of Compensation

For payment of compensation the procedure is follows

bull On submission of the case to the Tehsildar on the basis of site inspection the proposed grant-in-

aid amount if it is more than Rs 30 thousand then he will send the case to the sub divisional officer

with the recommendation in maximum 3 working days

bull On receipt of the report the sub divisional officer will approve the grant-in-aid in his jurisdiction at

the earliest within 7 working days or if the proposed grant-in-aid amount is more than Rs 50

thousand then the sub divisional officer will send the matter to the collector with a recommendation

in a maximum of 3 working days

bull On receipt of the report the Collector will approve the grant-in-aid in his jurisdiction at the earliest

within 7 working days

bull After acceptance of the case the Collector or the sub divisional officer whichever is the case will

send the case to the Tehsildar within a maximum of 3 working days Tehsildar approved financial

assistance amount will be paid to the affected person as soon as possible within 3 working days

through treasury check or e-payment

384 Procedure for rejection Cancellation of Application

Procedure for rejection is as follows

bull On the basis of the report of the Revenue Officers if the applicant is not found eligible for financial

assistance then the order for cancellation of such application showing the obvious reasons will be

passed by the designated officer

bull This action will be completed within the maximum time limit of 30 working days fixed for releasing

financial aid

385 Procedure for Appeal

Applicant can appeal in the following situations

bull In case the application is declared invalid or the sanctioned amount is less

bull In case the application is not disposed of within the time limits


25

386 Compensation Package

Grant-in-aid will be provided to the person affected by crop loss by wildlife on the basis of the provisions of

Revenue Book Circular Section 6 Number 4 (6-4) The Criteria and amount of government aid set for crop

loss from wild animals has been detailed out in the table 7 and can be found in chapter 4

39 Compensation Scheme

Compensation Schemes are part of a moral obligation of government towards its people There are so

many countries which provide compensation for damages caused because of human wildlife conflict

(Klemm 1996)

391 Concept

Compensation is defined as ldquopayment of something mostly money to any person in lieu of his loss

damage injury or sufferingrdquo In the context of human wildlife conflict this is mostly in the form of financial

support provided recognizing loss or damage to livestock human property and crop

392 Importance of Compensation Schemes

The basic objectives of any human wildlife conflict compensation scheme are to overcome economic

burden caused by wildlife and to reduce retaliation against wildlife (Karanth et al 2018) (Dickman et al

2013) However the effectiveness of compensation schemes in reducing human wildlife conflict is largely

debated There is a lack of research quantitative evidence regarding its effectiveness and requires a

detailed evaluation of the same (Bulte et al 2005) (Karanth et al 2018)

393 Reduced economic burden (Economic incentives for losses)

Most compensation schemes are focused towards a direct monetary compensation for the losses occurred

to the people This provides financial support helping people to recover from the losses (Dickman et al

2013)

394 Financial support to deceased Family (Mitigating indirect impacts)

Death of a person from Human wildlife conflict might have a larger implication on the deceased family in

future It can impact the family capacity to fulfill its basic needs Childrenrsquos education and recovering

abilities A monetary compensation tries to overcome these issues


26

395 Increased tolerance towards Wildlife

Many researchers supporting compensation schemes argue that it helps in reducing the peoplersquos retaliation

towards wildlife and increases tolerance for the conflict While other of are view that there are some

negative implications also which might lead to a net negative result (Bulte et al 2005)

396 Community support in Conservation

Financial support through compensation schemes can help in building a good relationship between public

and government This can be beneficial for wildlife conservation as there will be community support and

engagement in the conservation activities

310 Issues related to the Compensation Scheme


Critique of compensation scheme mention these as reasons why compensation scheme are not successful

in reducing human wildlife conflict Their main arguments are that schemes are inefficient prone to

corruption or fraud lack accountability transparency actual assessment and require a long administrative

process (Bulte et al 2005)(Karanth et al 2018) These issues are discussed below in detail



disposal and payment of compensation package Sometimes the processes are not very well structured

and lack accountability is causing trouble to victims

3102 Time Consuming Delay in payment

The compensation schemes involve different departments for different procedures and roles The

multiplicity of authorities leads to more time consumption which eventually delays the actual payment of

compensation to the affected farmers or the claimants In case of Madhya Pradesh the responsibilities of

both the Forest and the Revenue departments are clearly not specified to the villagers as they often

admitted to inform the Forest Department about their crop losses though inspection and filing of cases for

crop loss lies in the purview of the Revenue Department


27

3103 Corruption or Fraud

It is one of the biggest challenges in the success of any compensation scheme Government officers are

found to be involved in the bribery incidents to fasten the process The assessment officers too ask bribe

for damage assessment mentioning higher damage and for claiming excess compensation There might

be cases where partial or no payment has been made to the victim by the officers


Damage assessment is also a point of concern in the compensation schemes Many studies reveal that

there are no clear-cut guidelines for damage assessment for crop loss due to wildlife In most of the cases

it depends upon the personrsquos judgement Most of the time people report that they have been paid less

compensation than the actual damage It is important here to mention here that indirect costs like

transaction cost hidden costs in the form of socio-cultural needs psychological well-being are mostly not

considered under the compensation packages (Karanth et al 2018)

311 Components of Good Compensation Scheme

As per a study done by Watve Patel Bayani and Patil these are the desirable characteristic of an ideal

compensation scheme (Watve et al 2016)

bull Fairness It means that Scheme should cover all type of damage ie direct or indirect and should

not be more or less than the actual damage requiring a realistic assessment

bull No Free Lunch Compensation Scheme should be such that it should not promote laziness of the

farmers towards protecting their crops It should not be treated as free lunch

bull Free from Corruption There should not be any possible space for individual favor or bribe Bribe

driven favors are one of the biggest challenges in the compensation schemes

bull Behaviourally Sound Scheme should consider the actual nature of people being selfish and

should be designed in a manner that individual selfishness leads to honesty and justice

bull Minimum demand on Personnel The Scheme should require minimum paperwork validation and

other formalities to reduce manpower engagement

bull Avoid lsquoyour animal syndromersquo and increase local community support to conservation The victim

and compensator should not have any psychological barrier and the issue should be dealt in a

more comprehensive manner


28

bull Sensitive to changing ecology The ecological factors like wildlife population human habitats

prone crops crop rates etc changes over time The scheme should be such that it accommodates

for these changes

According to Morrison Victurine and Mishra these are the Core Elements of a Successful Compensation

Scheme (Morrison et al 2009)

bull Quick accurate verification of damage Requires effective tools manpower and service delivery

mechanism This forms the core of effectiveness of any compensation scheme

bull Prompt and fair payment The timely payment reduces anger and therefore retaliation against

wildlife Corruption free and accurate payment builds trust between the people and government

bull Sufficient and sustainable funds The scheme should account for all type of losses It should also

be intelligent enough to incorporate temporal changes in wildlife human and cropping patterns An

inadequate funded scheme creates more problem than none

bull Site specificity The issues wildlife and cropping pattern changes with location Therefore the

scheme should account for site species and culture although there might be some general

guidelines

bull Clear rules and guidelines The rules and procedures should be clear enough to a common person

The application filing management and delivery mechanism should require minimum efforts

bull Measures of success There shall be a mode for assessing the success of the scheme Timely

review appraisal should be carried out to assess its effectiveness so that modifications can be

incorporated accordingly


29

38

4

25

9

3

3

8

4

1

3

3

2

1

-5

5

15

25

35

45

55

All District Burhanpur Chhindwara Chhatarpur

Covered Not Found Not Present Inaccessible

Chapter 4 Data Analysis

This chapter discuss about the analysis of data collected from various primary and secondary sources The

main aim of this chapter is to accomplish objectives of the study through analysis of data its interpretation

and representation by using different data presentation techniques like graphs charts tables and line

diagrams etc

This chapter is divided in two parts The first part ie part lsquoArsquo deals with primary data analysis of quantitative

as well as qualitative data collected through structured questionnaires Focus Group discussions and semi

structured interviews with different stakeholders of the study

In the present study both qualitative and quantitative data analysis approaches are used to understand the

problem of crop raiding in a generalized as well as detailed manner This will lead to a comprehensive

understanding and interpretation of the problem The finding of data analysis will help in formulating the

recommendations which will be discussed in the next chapter

41 Part-A Primary Data Analysis

411 Quantitative Data Analysis

4111 Sample Size

Simple random sampling approach was adopted with an aim to cover all the beneficiaries who have

received the compensation for

crop loss from wildlife As per the

data given by the district

administrations of the sampled

districts a total of 52

respondents have received the

compensation in the last 3 years

in their respective districts out of

which 38 applicants have been

covered as part of the primary

survey Views of 14 respondents have not been taken due to reasons including not present not found and

un-approachable


30

Respondents under ldquoNot Foundrdquo category includes those beneficiaries the person with whose name was

not found in the particular village as mentioned in the address Similarly ldquoNot Presentrdquo category includes

respondents who were not present at their homes and not responded when contacted on their mobile

phones Apart from these there were also some cases where the locationvillage was too remote or out of

the cluster hence it has been categorized under ldquoUn-approachablerdquo

4112 Area Profile

a Classification of Agricultural fields

The agricultural fields on the basis crop raiding incidents have been classified under three categories with

respect to their distance from Forest areas as per Forest Department classification ldquoCore Areardquo is the

region inside the forest boundary The villages within this area are known as Forest Villages ldquoBuffer areardquo

is an area adjoining to the forest boundary demarcated

by the Forest department The area which are not part

of any of the above two categories is termed as

ldquoNormal areardquo

The present Pie chart shows that approximately 81 of

the cases of crop raiding happened in the buffer area

While 1579 of the cases were part of the normal

area

Since most of the villages have been shifted from the

core area and only limited agricultural activities are carried out in core area the cases here are low and

corresponds to only 263 of the cases

The buffer areas are most vulnerable for crop raiding as these are in close proximity of the forest

areas which either have no or very low physical boundaries

b Average Distance from National Park Forest Area

The farmers were also enquired about the distance of their agricultural fields from the nearest forest area

National Park to understand the vulnerability factor with respect to the distance It was found that average

distance of agricultural fields from forest areas National park was approximately 1667 meters with an

upper limit of 7500 meters and lower end at 0 meter

263

8158

1579

Type of Area

Core Area Buffer Area Normal Area


31

bull The three districts namely Burhanpur Chhindwara Chhatarpur have an average distance of 1650

meter 2016 meter and 7055 meter respectively from the national park forest areas

bull Interestingly Chhatarpur has the lowest average distance from forest area but the cases are

lower than Chhindwara district where average distance is highest along with the number of cases

as compared to other two sampled districts

bull The higher average distance reported in Chhindwara district can be contributed to the fact that

there are some cases with distance up to 7500 meters ie the range in the district is very high The

sample size is also quite large in Chhindwara as compared to Chhatarpur or Burhanpur

bull Due to low sample size and range of data to derive any relevant correlation between distance and

number of total cases is very difficult

c Average distance from nearest market place

166711 16502016

705560

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

All Districts Burhanpur Chhindwara Chhatarpur

Average Distance

1704

8

2324

3830

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Average Distance


32

263

2368

2368

5000

18-30 30-40 40-50 gt50

436

344

435482

7368

100

726667

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Average land holding (In Acres)

Percentage of Marginal farmers

bull The distance of nearest market area from respondentrsquos village was analyzed to understand the

complexity and cost involved in the transportation of agricultural goods

bull The average distance of nearest market place in all the three sampled districts was about

17 kilometers It is lowest in the Chhatarpur with 38 km and highest for Chhindwara with 232 km

bull It could be concluded that the higher distance as reported in Chhindwara can be due to the large

area of the district In Burhanpur the average distance was 8 km

4111 Respondentsrsquo Profile

a Farmer Categorization Small amp Marginal

The Revenue circular book 6-4 according

to which compensation is provided in the

state of Madhya Pradesh categorizes

farmers with landholdings less than 2

hectares as lsquoSmallrsquo and lsquoMarginalrsquo farmers

Farmers categorized as small and marginal

have a higher risk to get affected by the

impacts of crop raiding because of their

limited recovering capacity

Percentage of marginal farmers is highest in Burhanpur with all the sampled farmers fall under the category

of marginal farmers Where as in Chhindwara and Chhatarpur percentage of small and marginal farmers is

72 and 6667 respectively Average landholding in all the three sampled districts is 436 acres Average

landholding found to be highest in Chhindwara district with 482 acre and lowest in Burhanpur with 344

acre

b Age profile

Half of the surveyed respondents were above the age

of 50 years Approximately 24 were in the age

bracket of 40-50 years and 30-40 years each Only

263 of the farmers were in the age group of 18-30

years


33

7632

2368

Literacy

Literate Illitearte

A higher percentage of farmers above the age of 50 years shows their experience in agricultural activities

and their understanding about crop raiding incidents can be considered very reliable in understanding the

temporal dimension of human wildlife conflict with specific focus upon crop raiding

c Gender and Literacy

Out of all the surveyed respondents approximately 105 were females which shows that participation

of females in agricultural activities is already quite low as compared to males and the participating

female farmers are also facing incidents of crop raiding which can diminish their potential to become a

successful example for other women who want to take part in agricultural activities or continue agriculture

for their livelihood

Literacy level among the surveyed respondents is 7632 which is higher than the National average The

lack of awareness regarding compensation procedures can be contributed to the fact that there are still

approximately 24 illiterate claimants

4113 Social Profile of Respondents

Social profile of the respondents has also been

analyzed to understand the reach of crop loss

compensation scheme among the different sections

of the society

The present pie chart depicts that about 47

respondents belongs to the OBC which is highest

among all the categories 2368 each belongs to

8947

1053

Gender

Male Female

2368

4737

2368

526

Social category of respondents

General

OBC

SC

ST


34

General and Schedule Caste (SC) class and 526 respondents belongs to Schedule Tribe (ST) class

As per the analyzed data it can be concluded that existing crop loss compensation is inclusive to different

section of the society and there is no discrimination based on social class of the claimants

4114 Economic Profile of Respondents

a Income Category and Annual Income

Farmersrsquo income level plays a very important role in their capacity to absorb the losses due to the incidents

of crop raiding directly by enhancing their capacity to adopt

better protection measures or indirectly helping them to

recover from losses without impacting their lives

50 of the respondents belongs to ldquoBelow Poverty Linerdquo

while rest were ldquoAbove the Poverty Linerdquo This concludes

that crop raiding incidents are happening at all levels and

level of income which can help in better protection

measures doesnrsquot play any significant role here in

reducing the number of incidents

The data related to the annual income of the respondents from agriculture shows that 4211

respondents have the annual income in the range of 50k ndash 1lakh 2368 in the range of 1 lakh - 2 lakh

789 respondents falls in the range of 2 lakh ndash 3 lakh and above 3 lakh each whereas 1842

respondents income was found to be below fifty thousand slab

1579

42111842

1579

789

Annual Income from all Sources

lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

1842

4211

2368

789

789

Annual Income from Agriculture

lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

5000

5000

Income Category

APL BPL


35

bull It could be concluded that the 1842 respondents who have income levels below 50k are most

vulnerable for the impacts of crop raiding

bull When the income of farmers from all sources was analyzed it was found that slabs of 50k ndash 1

lakh and above 3 lakh remained unchanged However the income category of 2 lakh ndash 3 lakh

increased to 1579 and category of 1 lakh ndash 2 lakh decreased to 1842

bull The most important change was in the ldquobelow 50krdquo category which reduced to 1579 from earlier

1879 and the number of most vulnerable farmers for the impacts of crop raiding shrink to some

extent

b Occupational Pattern

The occupational pattern among sampled respondents represents the farmersrsquo engagement in different

economic activities along with agriculture It also shows the dependency of farmers on agricultural

activities

It is very important to understand that engagement in more than one occupation can help in increasing

the farmersrsquo capacity to bear the negative impacts of crop raiding

About 69 of the farmers totally

depend on agriculture and it is their

only source of income Remaining

farmers do pursue agriculture as their

major economic activity but

simultaneously they are also engaged

in some or the other economic

activities

The occupations other than

agriculture in which the respondents

are engaged include animal

husbandry dairy (513) and non-

agricultural labour (256)

The highest percentage of the respondents prefer agricultural labour as their secondary occupation with

approximately 20 of the farmersrsquo engagement

6923

513

256

2051

256

3077

Agriculture Only

Agriculture and Other

Animal Husbandary Dairy

Agricultural and Non agricultural Labour

Agricultural Labour Only

Animal Husbandary Dairy Agricultural labour Non agricultural Labour


36

4115 Cropping Pattern

a Crops Types of crops and cost of Cultivation

The data related to the major crops cultivated by farmers in all the three sampled districts has been

collected along with their respective costs of cultivation The costs have been calculated under various

heads like expenditure on seeds irrigation fertilizers labor agricultural implements pesticides

transportation and other The figures have been rounded off to nearest whole numbers

bull The major contributor to the cultivation cost of all the crops include expenditure on seeds

fertilizers pesticides and labor cost

bull The costs of irrigation are either zero or low in the cases of Kharif crops as these are cultivated in

the rainy seasons On the other hand the cultivation cost of Rabi crops which include Gram Garlic

and wheat include a major expenditure on irrigation

bull The cost of cultivation is highest for Sugarcane with per acre cost of rupees 35034 Garlic is the

second costliest crop to cultivate with per acre cost of rupees 33067

bull The major contributor to the total cost of cultivation for sugarcane and Garlic is expenditure on

seed which costs about rupees 11000 and 13333 respectively

bull The crops which have lowest cultivation costs include Gram Urad and Paddy with a cost of

cultivation of rupees 5502 5700 and 6665 respectively

9537

33067

11614

9225

13939

20350

760010000

5700

35034

6665

10000

17700

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Seed Irrigation Fertilizer Labour Cost

Agricultural Implements Pesticides Transporatation Cost Other


37

It is very important to quote here that cash crops like Sugarcane Garlic and Cotton have a very high

cultivation cost and crop damages in these cases have more serious impacts on the lives of the

farmers In our sampled respondents crop raiding in all of the above three crops have been observed

and compensation amount paid has been very less For example in Chhindwara the respondents

reported that they have been paid rupees 2000 as compensation for the crop raiding cases of Garlic

which is about 4-5 of the actual loss occurred

b Crops Total cost Total yield and Profit

The cost of cultivation for each crop as calculated above based upon the various heads like expenditure on

seeds irrigation fertilizers pesticides etc has been compared with the total yield of each crop Total yield

of each crop has been calculated by multiplying the per acre production with their prevailing market rates

as collected from all the sampled respondents

bull The most profitable crops include pulses like Arhar and Moong with profit of about 380 and

292 respectively Peanut is the second most profitable crop with 350 profit

bull However in terms of absolute profit which is the difference between total yield and total cost

Garlic Sugarcane and Moong are the most profitable crops with profit of about rupees 66933

53966 38000 respectively

bull Garlic and Sugarcane are the cash crops which are leading to profit however in the case of

cotton farmers are facing average losses of about rupees 14287 which is about 70

bull In the case of Gram farmers are on no profit no loss scenario with a loss of rupees 8 which is

negligible These types of conditions discourage farmers to remain engaged with agricultural works

or with the cultivation of crops

-008

20242

16009

29217

14165

-7021

1513

38000

1631615404

9805

35000

6949

-10000

-5000

000

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Total Cost Total Yield (In Rupees) Profit Loss Percentage Profitloss


38

2145

275

182

2778

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Average incidence of crop raiding (Monthly)


4116 Crop Raiding

a Frequency of Invasions

Average incidents of crop raiding represent the no of incidents of crop raiding per month The average of

all the three districts was 2145 which

means that there are around 21-22

incidents of crop raiding happening

every month

It was highest in Chhatarpur with 2778

and Burhanpur with 275 cases per

month In Chhindwara 182 cases were

reported per month

About the change in the frequency and pattern of crop raiding incidences majority of the respondents

(9474) said that there has been change in the pattern of incidents of crop raiding and number of

invasions have increased in the recent years

The higher cases in Chhatarpur can be due to lower average distance (7055 meters) from National park

forest area and simultaneously higher distance (2016 meters) from National park forest area might be

responsible for low cases per month in Chhindwara

Despite of the high rate of monthly crop raiding incidences in all the sampled district the incident of human

wildlife conflict (HWC) which have caused the death or injury to any person livestock or damage to

property has not been reported

b Periodicity of Invasions

The present bar graph depicts that the

number of crop raiding incidents are

quite higher (71) in the months of July

to September ie Kharif cropping

season as compared to Rabi season

(January to March) which is about

4737

4737

789

7105

3421

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Percentage of Response

January to March April to June

July to September October to December


39

3421 of the response were given for the period of October to December and lowest was for the period of

April to June with 789 response as this period is considered as lean period for agricultural activities

c Animals mostly involved in crop raiding

The graph shows the animals which are

mostly involved in the incidents of crop

raiding It includes Wild Boar Blue Bull

Deer Chital and others

Wild boar is the animal which is involved in

most of the cases with 100 of the

responses The second most reported

animal is Blue bull with approximately 29

responses

Other than these Deer and Chital are reported by about 21 of the responses each 1579 responses

have been categorized as ldquootherrdquo which includes monkey blackbuck jackal etc

d Crops mostly destroyed by animals

The graph below shows the Crops which are mostly destroyed by wild animals It includes Corn Wheat

Gram Sugarcane Pulses etc Corn is at the top of the chart with 7368 responses followed by Wheat

(4474) and Gram with 3684 Sugarcane (2368) and Pulses (1842) are also amongst the crops

which are being damaged by the wild animals in the sampled districts

4474

7368

789

2368

263789

3684

1842 1842

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Percentage of ResponseWheat Corn Jwar Sugarcane Soyabean Paddy Gram Pulses Other

2895

100

2105 21051579

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Blue Bull Wild Boar Chital Deer Other


40

8947

1053

Use of Preventive Measures

Yes No

Figure 2 Crop destruction of (a) Gram in Chhatarpur and (b) Arhar in Burhanpur

It was found that Wheat and Gram has been mostly destroyed in Chhatarpur district while Sugarcane

and Corn was mostly destroyed in Burhanpur and Chhindwara district respectively One of the reasons

behind this is the cropping pattern of the sampled district But it clearly shows that almost all the crops

which are being cultivated by the farmers of the study area are found vulnerable to the crop raiding by

wildlife or in other words animals does not have any specific preference or choice for any crop

e Mitigation measures Usage Type and Effectiveness

About 89 respondents use some kind of protective measures against incidents of crop raiding

However about 92 find them effective to some extent only opposite to it 789 doesnrsquot find them

effective at all

9211

789000

Effectiveness of Preventive Measures

To some extent No Yes


41

Night watching is the most used protective measure against incidents of crop raiding with 7368

responses followed by lightfire-crackers (6316) Fencing are used by 421 respondents to safeguard

their agricultural fields from incidents of crop raiding

Apart from the above thorny bushes a cheap alternative for fencing is used by 2895 farmers 789

farmers use some other measures like sounddrums scarecrow etc

Figure 3 Example of (a) Night watch stand in Burhanpur (b) Wire net fencing in Chhatarpur

Simple arithmetic meanrsquo method has been used for analyzing the most effective preventive measures

against incidents of crop raiding Respondents were asked to give the rating to different preventive

measures on a scale of 1 to 5 in which 1 being best and 5 being worst

421

7368

2895

6316

789

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Fencing Nightwatch Thorny Bushes LightFirecrackers Other


42

From the above chart it is clear that fencing is the most effective preventive measure against crop raiding

with a score of 132 followed by Night watch (232) and LightFirecracker (308) Thorny bushes are not

found to be effective to prevent crop raiding with highest score of 342

Figure 4 Example of (a) low height wire fencing Burhanpur (b) Chain link fencing Burhanpur

Reason for less use of fencing among farmers is

because of its high capital and installment costs

and therefore thorny bushes which has a score of

342 are used as an alternative for fencing by

farmers with poor affordability Although fencing is

most effective mitigation measure but still animals

like wild boar creates hole below the fencing to enter

and Blue bull jump above them if the height is low

132

232

342308

487

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Rating of Preventive Measures (1-Best 5-Worst)


Figure 5 A hole made below the fencing Burhanpur


43

4117 Compensation for crop loss from wildlife

a Source of Information

All of the respondents were aware that government provides compensation for crop losses from wildlife

However none of them have the

information regarding the current rates of

compensation

5263 of the respondents reported that

their source of information regarding

compensation for crop raiding was

forest department 3684 respondents

received information through revenue

officers and 526 got the information

from village panchayat officers

About 13 respondents got information from some other sources which included newspapers

advertisements etc Although lsquoForest Departmentrsquo is not the primary stakeholder in compensation

distribution but for most beneficiaries it is their primary source of information

b First point of contact

The first point of contact for beneficiaries

after the incidents of crop raiding

included forest officers revenue officers

and Lok Seva Kendra

The highest number of responses were

for the revenue officers with about

8421 responses After that there are

forest officers who were contacted in

421 cases

Only 263 respondents utilized the Lok Seva Kendra channel which shows that there is lack of

awareness amongst the beneficiaries regarding online channel to apply for crop loss compensation

5263

3684

5260

1316

0

20

40

60

80

100


Forest Officers Revenue Officers

Village Panchayat Officers FriendsRelatives

421

8421

0 263 00

20

40

60

80

100

Percentage of ResponseForest Officers Revenue OfficersVillage Panchayat Officers Lokseva KendraOthers


44

c Problem faced in Incident Reporting

About 66 respondents reported that they faced some kind of problem in reporting of crop raiding

incidents opposite to it 34 respondents said

that they have not faces any problem in

reporting the case related to crop raiding

Going into the details about the kind of

problems faced by the respondents in reporting

the cases it was observed that lsquoLack of

knowledgersquo was the mostly reported problem

with 6053 responses

The second most reported problem was lsquolack

of information sharingrsquo with 421 of responses Similarly 2895 respondents also found the

procedure to be complex which further strengthen the point

Apart from that 2632 respondents reported lsquomultiple visits to officesrsquo and 2368 found lsquolack of

cooperation from officialsrsquo as major problem 1316 respondents are of view that the procedure of

reporting of crop raiding incident as lsquotime takingrsquo

6053

2895

1316

421

0

23682632

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Lack of knowledge Procedure is complex Time taking

Lack of Information sharing High application fee Lack of coopeation from officials

Multiple rounds of offices Other

6579

3421

Problem faced in Reporting

Yes No


45

All these problems are associated with the public sector style of working and due to complex rules and

procedures followed for addressing compensation cases which also contributes to the failure of

compensation schemes

d Time taken at different stages

The average time taken in each step of compensation procedure was also recorded from sample

respondents Most respondents reported

crop raiding incident to the competent

authority within 3 working days

with an average of 255 days Verification

and damage assessment are usually

carried out within 6-7 days by forest and

revenue officials which is within

designated timeframe

The payment of compensation is the

major delaying part with average time

being 199 days and it leads to overall

delay in the whole procedure with average time leading to about 208 days which violates the official time

limit dedicated for the procedure

e Expenditure at different stages

The average expenditure by farmers at different stages of compensation procedure has been analyzed

using arithmetic mean

The average application fee is not so

high ie about 5 rupees only as most

beneficiaries utilize offline channel

Average Lok Seva Kendra fee paid by

the respondents is about rupees 43

which is higher than the official fee of

rupees 35- (Only three respondents

255 605 692

19908 20845

Time Taken (In Days)

Time taken at various stages

Incident Reporting Verification

Damage Assessment Compensation Payment

Total Time

4864334

12658

7816 6447

2771

Expenditure (In Rupees)

Cost incurred on filing of application

Application Fee Lokseva Kendra Fee

Travel Cost Documents Photocopy

Other Total


46

utilized this channel) The higher cost is may be due to the expenditure incurred by the respondents on

revenue stamp or photocopy of the mandatory enclosures to be attached with the original application

Travel cost was the major component for respondents with an average of about 126 rupees followed by

expenses on photocopy which is about 78 rupees Other category include expenditure on registry

Khasra Khatauni Affidavit etc and has an average cost of about 64 rupees

f Crop damage verification

Damage verification is done to verify the fact that the reported crop damage has been done by wildlife and

as per the rules it shall be carried out

by forest department

As per the data in 63 cases the

damage verification is done by

revenue officer Patwari while

forest officers Beat guard are

involved in about 31 cases There

are some cases of joint verification as

well

The most surprising thing is that there

is no verification in about 13 cases and in 263 cases it was done by village secretary

representative It shows that the designated authorities are not taking these cases on priority and are not

playing the role which has been assigned to them

g Crop damage assessment

Damage assessment is carried out to

assess the extent of crop damage by

wildlife usually represented in

percentage and as per protocol it

should be carried out by Revenue

officer Patwari

3158

6316

263

1316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Authorities involved in damage verification

Forest Officers BeatGuard

Revenue OfficersPatwari

Village SecretaryRepresentative

No One

Others

789

9737

0102030405060708090

100


Authorities involved in damage assessment




No One

Others


47

In 9737 of the cases damage assessment is done by Revenue officerPatwari and forest officials are

involved in 789 of the cases only which are mostly joint verifications

Official rules recommend for a joint verification for both damage verification and assessment with

involvement of both forest and revenue officials but as it is clear here that usually it is not case

In 8947 of the cases damage assessment was done visually based on personal assessment by the

officers In rest 1053 cases it was done by measuring the damaged area

h Compensation Received

Percentage of compensation received against the losses occurred has been calculated based on the

responses of the respondents

The percentage of compensation received

against crop loss in all the all the three

sampled district is 17 which means that the

compensation amount received by farmers

is only 17 of the actual loss

The percentage in Burhanpur Chhindwara

and Chhatrapur is 22 14 and 21

respectively

It could be concluded that there is variation in the amount of compensation received and the actual

losses incurred by the respondents due to crop raiding or in other words the paid compensation is

not compensating or covering the actual losses of the farmers occurred due to crop raiding

i Medium of receiving Compensation

For all the respondents the medium of receiving compensation was through their bank accounts which

means that all of them received the amount of compensation directly into their bank account which

somehow encourage Direct Bank Transfer (DBT)

j Satisfaction with existing compensation package and procedure

100 of the respondents found to be unsatisfied with the existing compensation procedure and

package Their major suggestion for change included

17

22

14

21

0

5

10

15

20

25

Percentage of Compensation received against losses



48

bull Multiplicity of authorities should be ended

bull Compensation package needs to be modified and rates to be revised as per current market rates

bull Chain link fencing should be distributed to the farmers by government

4118 Short and long term Impacts of crop raiding

a Change in the mindset

Many studies as covered in the review of literature suggest that incidents of crop raiding can significantly

change the mindset of people regarding wildlife

bull As per the sample data 3158

respondents have agreed that these

incidents have changed their perception

about wildlife at some level

bull When asked about the best way to deal

with wild animals 1316 were of the

opinion that stopping frightening is

the best option

bull Catching and transferring the animals

involved in crop raiding was the second

most selected choice among the

respondents with 789 responses

bull 263 respondents preferred either

taking no action or some other action

which included use of protective

measures night watching etc

bull The most frightening thing was that 526 of the sampled respondents were of the view that

killing the animal is the best option to deal with the crop raiding incidences

b Rating of Impacts

To analyze the short and long term impacts of crop raiding respondents were asked to give rating to

different impacts of crop raiding on Likert scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being lsquostrongly disagreersquo and 5

being lsquostrongly agreersquo with the statement

6842

789

1316

526

263263

3158

No

Yes

Catching and transferring the animal

StoppingFrightening the Animal

Kill the Animal

Taking No Action

Other


49

bull Most of the respondents agreed that quantity of crops is impacted due to the crop raiding by wild

animals It has a mean score of 497 which is near about to strongly agree

bull Coming to the impact of crop raiding on quality of crops the average score of respondents was

353 which is between lsquoneutralrsquo and lsquoagreersquo It means some respondents are in agreement with it

bull Other important impact with which some respondents agreed included impacts upon quality of life

number of people involved in agricultural works and impacts upon next crops with score of 35

345 and 342 respectively

bull The responses which were in between neutral and agree and were close to score of 3 included

impact upon familyrsquos health impact on childrenrsquos education and impact upon participation in socio-

cultural events with score of 332 321 and 318 respectively It means that only very few

respondents agreed with these and most were neutral

bull The score of various short and long term impacts of crop raiding are summarized below -

Table 4 Farmers rating of different short and long term impacts of crop raiding

Short and Long term Impacts of Crop Raiding Rating (1-5)

Impact upon Quantity of Crops 497

Impact upon Quality of Crops 353

Impact upon next crops 342

Impact upon Childrens Education 321

Impact upon Familyrsquos Health 332

Impact upon Quality of Life 35

Impact upon no of people involved in agricultural works 345

Impact upon participation in socio-cultural events 318


50

412 Qualitative Data Analysis Analysis of Focus Group discussion (FGDs) and

Semi structured Interviews

Qualitative data has been collected from other key stakeholdersrsquo namely officials of the forest and revenue

department along with the claimants ie the beneficiaries to supplement the results and gaps left in the

quantitative analysis of the questionnaires Qualitative research leads to a clear understanding of the

problem in a more detailed and complex way than in the case of quantitative analysis which utilizes a more

generalized approach

4121 Focus Group Discussions

The qualitative data was collected by conduction of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with the affected

farmers and Semi structured interviews with the officials of the Forest and Revenue department in the

sampled districts of the study A brief summary of the Focus Group Discussions carried out in each district

along with their respective profile of area has been discussed below-

a Block-Nepanagar District-Burhanpur

Burhanpur is one of the southern most districts of the Madhya Pradesh A large part of the district comes

under forest land which is home to various kinds of flora and fauna These conditions make it prone for the

incidence of crop raiding In Burhanpur the attacks have been found mostly concentrated in the tehsil of

Nepanagar in which villages are in the proximity of forest areas Various points have emerged in the

Focus Group Discussion conducted in the district The key issues highlighted by the claimants who have

suffered crop losses by the wildlife are given below The detailed FGD has been attached at the annexure

C

The incidences of crop raiding are happening from last 6-7 years and numbers are increasing over the

years These are periodic attacks and there is not any pattern in the area It has been communicated that

all types of crops are damaged by the animals Animals which are mostly involved in crop raiding include

Wild Boar and Blue bull

The process to obtain loss compensation is very tedious and requires multiple attempts and travel

Farmers are mostly unaware regarding the procedure and apply for the compensation through handwritten

applications They were also of the opinion that proper attention is not given by the Revenue department

towards the cases of crop loss from wildlife


51

Existing compensation package is very less according to the respondents and in many cases 100

damage is also not assessed According to them all types of crops are covered under the package

Damage assessment by Patwari is not done properly and in many cases farmers are not made aware

with the loss occurred to them as assessed by Patwari There is no feedback mechanism and they donrsquot

know why their applications were rejected or accepted

According to respondents while crop destruction is a natural tendency of wildlife the proximity to forest

area is also one of the reasons with variation in the destruction ranging from 80 to 30 with the

distance Other responsible reasons for increase in numbers of crop raiding incidence include failure of

preventive measures unavailability of water and food in the forest areas open and ineffective forest

fencings

It was emerged during the discussion that crop raiding has impacted the farmerrsquos life in different ways

which include loss of interest in agricultural works loan not being paid off impact on next crops and

stopping cultivation of crops prone to damage like sugarcane Although there is anger for wildlife among

farmers but still they do not retaliate against wildlife due to ethical and legal reasons The main

expectation from the department is for arrangement and distribution of chain link fencing Also the

claimants expect that procedure shall be given to the forest department

It was discussed by the group that there is an urgent need for increase in the existing compensation

package For more transparency feedback mechanism can be developed and introduced in all stages of

the procedure They agreed that online process is much better but since they were unaware about this

they have never used it They also felt that there should be scope for multiple verification in the same

cropping season or for the same crop and total damage can be assessed at the end of the crop season

Damage assessment should be made as per the prevailing market rates Delivery mechanism is okay and

can be continued

An ideal compensation package according to them is the one which has the following components

bull Accurate damage assessment

bull Payment as per the prevailing market rates

bull Timely revisions of rates

bull Timely payment

bull Feedback mechanism


52

On damage assessment the stakeholders are of the view that it should be done by measuring the

volume of crop damaged Demanded separate rate for irrigated and non-irrigated crops which is already

there They were of the view that either transaction charges should be given or contact point should be

in the village itself Social cultural cost is not very important Payment shall be made before next cropping

season

There are not any incidents of corruption in the whole procedure According to them chain link fencing

is the best prevention measure to avoid human wildlife conflict and crop damage from wildlife

For long term measures proper arrangement of food and water can be made within the forest Fencing

of forest areas can be done and prevention plans can be prepared by studying the movement corridors

of wildlife At last they hoped that fencing distribution will be done on urgent basis and their pending

cases of crop damage will be shorted out and compensation will be paid to them

b Block-Bichhua District-Chhindwara

Chhindwara is the largest district of Madhya Pradesh with an area of 11815 square kilometer It is located

on the southwest region of lsquoSatpura range of mountains On the southern side it is bounded by the

plateaus of Nagpur More than one third of this comes under forest area The flora and fauna of the district

have featured in the books dating back to 17th century The incidence of crop raiding are very frequent in

the district as some part of the Pench National Park falls under the district The park is adjacent to the

Bichhua block of the district where most of the incidences of crop raiding by wild animals are reported

The FGDs carried out in the district have given an insight into the diverse aspect of crop raiding covering its

impact on the farmers issues with existing compensation procedure and package and mitigation strategies

with focus upon short- and long-term measures The highlights of the FGD is summarized below along with

the detailed FGD attached as annexure D and E

According to respondents Crop raiding is not a new phenomenon but in the last decade there has been a

sharp increase in the numbers of incidences Most crop raiding incidences happen during rainy season

and are associated with the corn crop Other than this the crops like paddy are also destroyed Due to the

incidences of crop raiding some farmers have stopped cultivating certain crops but still there are hardly any

crops which are not destroyed by the wildlife Wild boar spotted deer (chital) and Blue bull are the most

common animals involved in crop raiding Farmers have surrendered since no mitigation measures are

found successful in stopping the animals from raiding the crops


53

The members of the group have different opinion regarding existing procedure for compensating loss to

agricultural crops by wildlife as 4 members found it okay 5 were of the opinion that multiplicity of

authorities makes it complex In the second group 3 members were not much aware of the procedure

while remaining 6 said that itrsquos not appropriate because they need to travel from one department to another

The process to apply for loss compensation according to them is through a handwritten typed

application along with some enclosures like copy of khasra application on stamp etc some group

members informed that they also had to appear in the revenue court It was discussed by the group that

multiplicity of authorities lack of coordination between forest and revenue department and no

feedback mechanism are the main challenges in the existing compensation procedure

The rates of existing compensation package are very less and these need to be increased Most of the

members were unaware about crops covered under the package but one member told that he was told

that there is no provision of compensation for corn as he has applied for compensation due to damage of

corn and cotton crop but has received compensation only for the cotton crop Damage assessment is

done visually by the Patwari and lacks feedback Some group member also informed that Patwari told

them that they have right to mention the damage up to 85 only While some informed that they were told

that damage should be in continuous area of the farm it should not be at random areas of the farm

Low compensation package is one of the biggest issues in the entire compensation mechanism In some

cases actual damage assessment by Patwari was found appropriate but the claimants reported that they

have received very low compensation which was not able to cover the actual damage of the farmers It

clearly shows that there is a clear difference between the compensation reported and the compensation

received by the affected farmers

The group has the opinion that however there is not any specific reason for incidents of crop raiding but

factors like change in the cropping pattern (recent diversion to corn cultivation among farmers) and

increase in wildlife population in the nearby forest areas may account for crop raiding incidences

The primary reason for wildlife movement outside forest area can be a result of factors like

unavailabilitylimited availability of food and water inside forest areas floodingwater logging in

forests during rainy season and animalrsquos preference for crops in comparison to grass The increase in

the numbers of crop raiding can be corresponded to encroachment illegal cutting of trees change in

biodiversity (no tigers) animals have got a habit change in the cropping pattern etc


54

The incidents of crop raiding not only impact farmers economically but these incidents have deeper lying

psychological impacts The mental stress that these incidents create in the minds of farmers leads to

loss of interest in the agricultural works as farmers feel disheartened Here is the statement of the affected

farmer -

ldquo tc lkyksa dh esagur d fnu esa cjckn gks tkrh gS rks legt ugha vkrk fd Dk djsa] dgka tka rdquo

(When years of hard work gets wasted in a single day then you dont understand what to do where

to go)rdquo

These incidences also create anger among farmers for the animals Some members believed they should

be given permission to kill animal or at least permission for animals like wild boar can be given by the

local administration as they are of no use to anyone Compensation helps farmers to recover from losses

and in the sowing of next crops but delay in release of the compensation amount is not helping the cause at

all

As far as mitigation measures are concerned the group informed that their expectations from the

department are for the distribution of chain link fencing or subsidy for procurement of the same The

group recommends that fencing should have a height of at least 7 or 10 feet and of non-conducting

material to avoid incidents of electrocuting

The suggestions from the group for a better procedure included abrogating multiplicity of authorities

(prefer forest department over revenue department) sharing of information (feedback mechanism)

actual damage assessment of all types (continuous or random) assessment in the presence of villagers

or with the opinion of panchs assessment should be made as per the prevailing market rates

Compensation delivery mechanism is fine and no changes are suggested

As discussed by the both the groups the components of an ideal compensation package should be as

follows

bull As per the actual assessment of crop damage

bull Mentioning actual damage in the assessment report

bull Payment should be as per the actual loss and with prevailing marked rates

bull Timely payment of compensation amount to the claimants

bull Sharing of information (feedback mechanism)

bull Inclusion of damage by birds like parrot under the scheme


55

According to respondents damage assessment should be done by measuring the area The package is

not enough and its need to be revised The minimum damage percentage needs to be reduced to 10

Transaction charges shall be part of the compensation package as it costs up to 1500 rupees There

shall be at least Rs 500-600 separately reserved for it The social cultural costs are there and it should be

paid however some members donrsquot find it very important The compensation shall be paid on time with

maximum time period of 2-3 months

At large group agreed that there are not any incidents of corruption in the whole procedure however some

members told that there have been instances when they have been asked for bribe by lsquobabursquo in the tehsil

According to respondents chain link fencing of big height is the best mitigation measure to avoid crop

raiding incidents but it should be distributed by the government or subsidy should be given on

procurement of the same Group also suggested that initiatives like fencing of forest areas to confine the

wild animals within forest bringing back tigers to balance the biodiversity can be implemented by the

local administration which may also help to reduce the number of crop raiding incidences in the area

c Block-Bakswaha District-Chhatarpur

Chhatarpur is a district of Madhya Pradesh which lies in the Bundelkhand region and covers parts of

Vindhya Range The forest cover in the district is not very dense because of its climatic condition but some

part of the Panna Tiger Reserve spreads over the district and thatrsquos the primary reason for its vulnerability

for incidents of crop raiding Most of the incidents of crop raiding are being reported in Bakswaha which is

southernmost block of the district Focus group discussion has been carried out to explore the various

aspects associated with the incidence of crop raiding Total eight beneficiaries participated in the

discussion and key points emerged in the discussion have been summarized below The detailed FGD has

been attached as annexure F

FGD was started with a round of introduction of the participants and the purpose of conducting the FGD

was communicated to the group During the initial discussion beneficiaries informed that they are very

upset because of the incidents of crop raiding There is a terror of crop raiding in the minds of the farmers

The number of incidents has increased in last 5-6 years Wild boar and blue bull are the animals which

are mostly involved in the incidence of crop raiding The attacks by blue bull mostly happen at daytime

and attacks done either by group of blue bulls or individual attacks while wild boar prefers to attack in

groups at night


56

During the discussion it was observed that the people are not much concerned about the process adopted

for compensating loss to agriculture crops either they are more concerned about the low compensation

rates The only problem according to them is the lack of accountability of departments because of which

they have to go from one department to another for follow-up of the reported case Another problem is

absence of feedback mechanism

They also informed about the existing application procedure where number of documents need to be

attached along with the application which is altogether different from the procedure as mentioned in the

guidelines Even in cases of online application through Lok Sewa Kendra applicants still have to go

through the manual channel Group is of view that delayed payment of compensation amount is also a

major problem in entire compensation mechanism They are of the opinion that a single window system

needs to be established where all the procedure can be completed at one place

The group informed that the current compensation which has been provided to the farmers is very less

and itrsquos not even enough to cover the expenditure on seeds When asked about the possible reasons for

receiving the less compensation the farmers reported that the damage assessment is fine according to

them but they donrsquot receive the same compensation as assessed by Patwari which is another flaw in the

system They also donrsquot have information that all type crops which are covered under the current

compensation system They also told that they have received the compensation after so many

complaints and continuous follow-ups and both the departments are not willing to take the

responsibility for the same

Discussion informed that growth in wildlife population along with the open forest areas which either

have small boundaries or no boundaries at all is the main cause of crop damage by wildlife The growth in

the incidences can be corresponded to the unavailability or limited availability of food and water within

forest areas Also wild animals prefer to eat field crops in comparison to wild grass They also informed

that since people canrsquot harm or hunt the animals involved in crop raiding it has boosted the confidence of

animals and they roam freely everywhere It was conveyed that people generally doesnrsquot harm wildlife

considering crop raiding as their natural instinct while some doesnrsquot harm them because of the legal

consequences

According to respondents loss of interest in agricultural works not being able to pay agriculture loans

family members continuously engaged in night watching are some of the direct impacts of crop raiding


57

Other than this there are indirect impacts on childrenrsquos education marriage of daughters etc People

expect that department should provide either fencing or subsidy on the fencing to the farmers whose fields

are near to the forest area Other than this they hope that multiplicity of authorities will be ended

The group was of the opinion that the compensation rates need to be increased and feedback

mechanism shall be implemented to bring more transparency in the whole process A single window

system can be developed for more efficiency in the system Currently compensation is processed directly

into the beneficiaryrsquos bank account which was appreciated by the respondents

The group stressed on the following components when asked about the ideal compensation package

bull Compensation payment as per the prevailing market rates

bull Timely payment (before next crop)

bull Compensation shall be given for all type of damages (no minimum damage)

bull Feedback mechanism (Sharing of information)

Beneficiaries informed that although damage assessment is done accurately compensation received is

not as per the assessment The compensation package should be designed in such a way that it can

compensate for the actual losses occurred to the farmers Transaction charges are very important

and theses should be included in the compensation package About social and cultural cost the group

doesnrsquot have a very good understanding still they thought if it is given they will be very happy Timely

payment of compensation is most important as members told

ldquonsjh ls feyus okyk eqvkotk] eqvkotk u feyus tSlk gh gSrdquo (an untimed compensation is

equivalent to no compensation at all)

The group also informed that there is no corruption in the whole procedure of loss compensation Chain

link fencing is the only measure that can reduce the incidents of human wildlife conflict and crop

raiding as told by respondents For long term measures the group proposed for the fencing of open

forest areas implementation of population control measures and arrangement of food and water for

animals within the forest areas


58

a Summary amp Key Findings

Theme Sub Theme Findings District Specific Findings

Burhanpur Chhindwara Chhatarpur

Crop Raiding

Existing scenario

bull Crop raiding is not a new phenomenon but in the recent 5-6 years there has been an increase in the number of incidents bull Wild boar and blue bull are mostly involved in crop raiding incidents bull All type of crops are destroyed and no protection measures are effective against wildlife

bull These are periodic attacks and there is no specific pattern bull Farmers want to leave agricultural works

bull Number of incidents have doubled in the last 10 years bull Farmers have stopped cultivating certain crops

bull Blue bull mostly attacks at day time while wild boar prefer to attack at night

Main causes

bull Unavailability limited availability of food and water inside forest areas bull Animals dearness to crops in comparison to grass

bull Ineffective protection measures bull Siliting of check dams

bull Change in the cropping pattern (Corn) bull Increases in the population of wildlife bull Encroachment and illegal deforestation in forest areas bull Flooding and droughts inside forest bull Change in the biodiversity of carnivorous

bull Increases in the population of wildlife bull Confidence boost of animals as farmers cant harm them

Impacts of Crop

Raiding

Impacts upon farmer life

bull Loss of interest in agricultural works bull Not being able to pay loans bull Impact upon next crops

bull Survival becomes very difficult

bull Not being able to pay loans bull Impact upon childrens education daughterrsquos wedding


59



Change in the mindset

bull Anger against wildlife bull Legal consequences is the sole reason for not retaliating

bull Crop raiding is animalrsquos natural instinct

bull Want to electrocute the animals bull Demand permission for killing animlas or atleast for wild boar

bull Crop raidng is animal instinct and nothing can be done about it

Role of compensation package

bull Helps in overcoming all the problems generated due to crop raiding incidents

bull Helps in overcoming damages of crop loss bull Helps in the sowing of next crops

Compensation

Procedure

Existing Procedure

bull Some were unaware with the procedure and for some it was okay bull Application through hand written or typed application bull Multiplicity of authorities is the major problem bull Receive compensation after multiple attempts and efforts

bull Absence of feedback bull Travelling is an issue as it costs both time and money

bull Absence of feedback bull Documents needs to be attached along with application bull In some cases applicants had to appear in revenue court

bull Time Consuming bull Documents needs to be attached along with application bull Damage assessment is not done properly

Suggestion for Improvements

bull One department preferably Forest department bull Feedback mechanism (information regarding rejectingaccepting application should be shared along with reason) bull Damage assessment should be done as per prevailing market rates

bull Awareness campaign bull Application point at village level bull Second time damage of same crop should be considered

bull Actual damage should be written by Patwari bull Damage assessment should be done in presence of village people or as per opinion of Panchs

bull Timely payment bull Single window system


60



Compensation Package

Existing Package

bull Existing compensation package is very less as compared to the actual losses bull Either unaware or as per their knowledge all the crops are covered under the package

bull Damage assessment by Patwari is done less as compare to losses

bull No provision for compensation in corn bull Damage assessed is written less in some cases (limit of 85) bull Random damages (in corn) are not considered in some cases

bull Compensation received is not as par the damage assessed by Patwari

Ideal Compensation Package

bull Compensation payment as per the prevailing market rates bull Timely payment of compensation amount to the claimants bull Feedback mechanism (Sharing of information)

bull Accurate damage assessment bull Timely revisions of rates

bull Actual assessment of crop damage


Transaction Charges amp Social and Cultural Costs

bull Transaction charges should be be part of compensation package bull Do not have very good understanding of social and cultural costs but will be happy if they are compensated for these

bull Transaction charges not required if contact point is at village level

bull An amount of Rs 500 - 1500 should be given as transaction charges

bull Things like social and cultural costs exist and should be paid


bull Multiplicity of authorities should be ended bull Compensation rates need to increase as per the current market rates

bull Damage assessment should be done by measuring the damaged area

bull Damage assessment should be done by measuring the damaged area bull Inclusion of damage by birds like parrot under the scheme bull All type of damages should be considered


61



whether random or uniform bull Minimum damage percentage needs to be decreased to 10

Suggestion

Protection Measures against crop raiding

bull Chain link fencing is the best protection measure against crop raiding

bull The height of the fencing should be high bull Fencing should be distributed by government

Avoiding Crop Raiding incidents in longer duration

bull Fencing of open forest areas to restrict the movement of wildlife outside

bull Proper arrangement of food and water inside forest areas bull Maintenance of check dams bull Study of wildlife movement corridors

bull Bringing back tigers in forest areas to balance biodiversity bull Measures should be identified by government itself

bull Proper arrangement of food and water inside forest areas bull Measures to control population of wildlife


62

4122 Semi Structured Interview

Semi structured interview is a very important tool for qualitative data analysis when someone is exploring

information from the primary stakeholders Considering the same semi structured interviews have been

included as part of the methodology in the present study The Semi structured interviews in three districts

namely Burhanpur Chhindwara and Chhatarpur from where the data of the claimants from last 3 years

has been received The respondents of the semi structured interview include officials of the forest and the

revenue departments since both are key stakeholders in the process of compensating loss to agricultural

crops from wildlife Efforts have been made to include officials of various hierarchy so that different views amp

inputs can be captured and same could be incorporated in the study report

The questionschecklist for semi structured interview has been developed in a manner to cover all the

objectives of the study within the framework Along with the predetermined questions interviews also

explored the possibility for any other information which might contribute in the simplification of the entire

process of compensation and indeed there have been instances where some useful information has been

found The key findings of the Semi structured interviews have been discussed below The detailed

interviews from all the three districts are attached as annexure from annexure G to L for the further

reference


In all the three districts it was found that proximity of villages to forest areas is the key reason for the

crop losses from wildlife However it was also found that there are multiple conditions which are

contributing towards the overall increase in the number of incidences of crop raiding like

ldquoUnavailability limited availability of food and water inside forest areas mostly open

forest areas Encroachment movement of people inside the forest areas animalsrsquo

dearness to crops in comparison to grass change imbalance in the biodiversityrdquo

On consequences of crop damage by wildlife all of the officials were of the view that there are economic

losses associated with crop raiding but regarding indirect losses they were either unaware of or of the

opinion that it is not very important Only one instance was there where it was told that it might lead to loss

of interest in the agricultural works

Regarding change in the mindset of people they informed us about the incidences of poisoning and

trapping of animals


63

Views regarding the response mechanism for incidents of crop raiding varied between the officials of the

two departments Both the departments are only concerned with their work While officials from forest

department told that

ldquoIn some cases there are no joint verifications and we are not called uponrdquo

The officials from Revenue department told that

ldquoBeat Guard doesnrsquot go for verificationrdquo

The main issues in the handling of such cases are associated with assessment of crop damage and

farmers going to forest department due to multiplicity of authorities In the cases of retaliation against

wildlife forest department files the case after enquiry and there is no role of revenue department

Multiplicity of authorities is one of the key issues associated with the process of loss compensation

While it is agreed that there are instances of delay due to the multiplicity of authorities both the

departments are putting this upon each other There have not been any situations of direct conflict but joint

verification in some cases has not been possible due of the lack of coordination

All of them are of the opinion that it should be given to one department but opinion varied regarding whom

it should be given

Officials from forest department have the view that

ldquoSince Revenue department has the proper training and knowledge for handling such

cases they should take the responsibility and if it is given to forests then it should be

given in fullrdquo

Revenue officials told that

ldquoWe donrsquot have any objection if the procedure is given to forest department Forest

department is already handling the remaining three cases of damage from human

wildlife conflict Earlier they used to handle these cases as wellrdquo

Officials from both departments were not very critique of the existing procedure and no specific

suggestion for change in the procedure was found


64

Various type of short term mitigation measures are used by farmers like fencing Light and fire crackers

Drums fire etc They suggested that high barbed wire or net fencing can be effective and departments

can help either by fencing distribution or by providing subsidy for that While Revenuersquos officials

rejected the possibility of corruption the officials from forest department showed unawareness but doesnrsquot

refuse the possibility

The suggestion for reducing human wildlife conflict came mostly from the forest department These

included Fencing arrangement of food and water within forest Encroachment removal form forest

land Awareness program and other prevention measures

The role of JFMCrsquos can be in creating awareness among people for wildlife conservation These can also

be made the first point of contact in the cases of crop raiding

For wildlife conservation the forest officials create awareness program direct talks with people to make

them aware regarding legal consequences of retaliation and various prevention measures that can be

used to avoid crop raiding incidents Compensation provided also plays a vital role in changing mindset

of people

42 Part-B Secondary Data Analysis

421 Crop Raiding Incidents

There are two modes of reporting the crop raiding incidents in the state of Madhya Pradesh The affected

farmers can directly report the crop raiding incident to the designated officer in the required format available

at designated officerrsquos office or they can utilize the online channel by reporting the crop raiding incident at

the nearest Lok Seva Kendra The detailed procedure for reporting crop raiding incident has been

discussed in the last chapter of literature review

The number of crop raiding incident reported through offline mode at designated officerrsquos office have been

collected for all the three sampled district and have been used for primary data collection through

questionnaires and focus group discussions The crop raiding incident which have been reported through

online channel of LSK have been collected for all the 52 districts of Madhya Pradesh from State Agency for

Public Service Madhya Pradesh (SAPS MP) The data has been collected for the last financial year ie

2018-19


65

A thematic map has been generated by plotting the number of crop raiding incidents in each district using

GIS (Geographic Information System) as a tool There are some districts where no crop raiding incidents

have been reported through online channel ie LSKs The highest cases have been reported in Shahdol

district with 273 cases reported in 2018-19

Figure 6 Incidents of Crop Raiding reported through Lok Seva Kendra 2018-19

The districts with highest number of crop raiding incidents reported through Lok Seva Kendra include

Shahdol Sivani Umariya Raisen and Panna in the decreasing order The major reason for high number

of crop raiding incident in these district can be correlated to their close proximity to national parks For

example Bandhavgarh National Park is located in Shehdol and Umaria district Pench National Park in

Sivani Panna is home to Panna National Pwark and Raisen is in close proximity to Satpura National Park

which is in Hoshangabad district

The major inference that can be drawn from here is that proximity of the national parks forest areas

increases the vulnerability of agricultural fields to the crop raiding incidents The smaller the distance from

the forest areas the greater are the chances of crop raiding


66

422 Compensation Procedure amp Package across major States

4221 Compensation procedures adopted by different states

Table 5 Details on assessment procedures and compensation policies for human-wildlife conflict across different Indian States

Procedure Crop and Property Loss

Application days

2 daysduwa2 3 daysaoy 5 daysr 7 daysf 90 daysm None specifiedcekntza1

First Reporting Officer

FROrua2 TAOf FGa1 Nearest Forest Officee More than one officeradmowy None specifiedcktz

Assessing Officer

Committeecommission of two or more members (Members Agricultural Officer HV Deputy FRO SM etc)aekoqr wy SingleDesignated Officer (DCc FROdmtua2

RevenueAgricultural Officialf SMz FGa1)

Sanctioning Officer

FComd DOAf DFOemrta2 PCCFq FC (Wildlife)c CWWuza1 More than one officer is listedlo None specifiedak wy

Time Limit for Payment

(from incident)

15 dayse 20-23 daysdf 30 dayso 60 daysu 90 dayst None specified ackmrw yza1a2

a Andhra Pradesh b Arunachal Pradesh c Assam d Bihar e Chhattisgarh f Goa g Gujarat h Haryana i

Himachal Pradesh j Jammu and Kashmir k Jharkhand l Karnataka m Kerala n Madhya Pradesh o

Maharashtra p Manipur q Meghalaya r Mizoram s Nagaland t Orissa u Punjab v Rajasthan w Sikkim x

Tamil Nadu y Telangana z Tripura a1 Uttar Pradesh a2 Uttarakhand a3 West Bengal

Note

1 We had partial rules for some states and only available information has been represented

2 We were unable to secure any rules for Haryana Tamil Nadu and West Bengal


67

Glossary of Terms

1 Forest Department a Forest Beat Officer (FBO)Forest Guard (FG) lsquoBeatrsquo refers to the smallest administrative

unit of forest management in the state and the officer responsible is called the Forest Beat Officer

b Forest Range OfficerRange Officer (FRO) The executiveadministrative officer in-charge of the range (a demarcated forest area containing one or more protected forest reservesareas or several lsquobeatsrsquo) A deputy called the Deputy Range officerSection Officer may assist the officer

c Divisional Forest Officer (DFO)Assistant Conservator of Forest (ACF)Assistant Conservator (AC) Regional Forest Officer (RFO) Forest Commissioner (FCom) Deputy Conservator of Forests (DC) The executiveadministrative officer is responsible for management and protection of the forests in the division (administrative unit consisting of several ranges) In some states divisions are subdivided which into smaller units (called sub-divisions) and are managed by the Sub-Divisional Forest Officer

d Forest Conservator (FC)Conservator of Forest (FC)Circle Officer (CO) Several forest divisions come together to form a lsquocirclersquo and the officer responsible for its administration of forest environment related issues is the Forest ConservatorCircle Officer In some cases these officers are assigned to specific areas of responsibilities such as lsquoecotourismrsquo or lsquowildlifersquo They report to the Chief Wildlife Warden (CWW) or the Principal Chief Conservator of Forest (PCCF) at the state level

2 Local Administration a Head of Village (HV)Village Sarpanch The lsquosarpanchrsquo is an elected official at the level

of the village b Taluk level Agricultural Officer (TAO) Officer of the Agriculture department at the level

of the lsquotalukrsquo (consisting of many villages) c Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SM) The officer heads the administrationexecutive

management of the lsquosub-districts 3 Other departments

a Director of Agriculture (DOA) The officer is responsible for managementadministration of all agriculture (and in some states horticulture) related activities

Source Karanth et al 2018 Compensation payments procedures and policies towards human-wildlife conflict management

Insights from India

4222 Compensation Package for Crop loss in different States



Nagaland which still donrsquot have any policy for compensation related to the crop loss by wildlife The crop

list policy and associated compensation package in different Indian States is given below (See Table 6)


68

Table 6 Crop lists policy and associated compensation values (in US $) for crops damaged by wildlife across different Indian States

States Crops Covered

Andhra Pradesh

1 Agricultural crop other than paddy and sugarcane - $90 per acre 2 Paddy - $90 per acre 3 Sugarcane - $90 per acre 4 Mango and coconut -$22 per tree 5 Horticultural crops like banana and citrus

a Loss up to value of $112 - full payment limited to the loss assessed per acre

b Loss ranging value from $112 to $523 - 50 of the loss assessed subject to minimum of $1121 and maximum of $318 per acre

c Loss above $523 - 30 of the loss assessed subject to minimum of $318 and maximum of $747 per acre (Extent and value of damaged crop as assessed by Revenue Officer)

Arunachal Pradesh

1 Agricultural crops - 20 of the actual cost or $75 per family (whichever is less)

2 Forestry crop - $15 per plant up to the maximum of $75 per family

Assam Actual cost of damage subject to a maximum of $75

Bihar $374 per hectare

Chhattisgarh 1 On gt 33 crop loss a On loss of yearly crops minor crops or crops for horticultural of

farmers owning land up to 2 hectare - i Non-irrigated land - $102 per hectare ii Irrigated land - $202 per hectare iii Minimum compensation - $15 (as per the sowed area)

b On loss of perennial crops of farmers owning land up to 2 hectare - $269 per hectare minimum compensation amount - $30 (as per the sowed area)

On loss of silk crops of farmers owning land up to 2 hectare - $72 per hectare for plantation of iris mulberry $90 per hectare for coral

c On loss of yearly crops minor crops or crops for horticultural of farmers owning land 2 to 10 hectare -

i Non-irrigated land - $102 per hectare ii Irrigated land - $202 per hectare

d On loss of flower crops of farmers owning land 0 to 10 hectare - $202 per hectare (farms of betel leaves watermelon muskmelon fruit orchards etc are also applicable here)

2 Other compensation a For landless farmers having earned their crops from labor and the

loss of those crops due to accidental fire or other natural calamities - maximum $149 provided on the collectorrsquos satisfaction of inspection

b On damage of trees full of fruit of a villager or any agriculturist $11


69

per tree will be paid and a maximum of $448 will be payable A maximum of $523 is payable for the trees of mango orange and lemon

c On damage of papayas bananas pomegranates grapes an amount of $202 will be payable and a maximum of $598

Goa Minimum compensation for individual farmer shall be of $15 and maximum limited to $1495 as per the valuation of loss Maximum compensation with respect to crop loss for items mentioned at (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) and (8) below will be limited to $224 per hectare

1 Cereal crops like paddy maximum compensation $224 per hectare 2 Banana

a Maindoli $6 per bearing plant for total loss b Saldatti and others $3 per bearing plant for total loss c Non-bearing plant $15 per plant for total loss

3 Coconut (per palm for total loss) a Coconut palms up to 3 years - $6 b Coconut palms from 3 years to 7 years - $15 c Coconut palms yielding and above 7 years - $60

4 Cashew a Yielding tree $7- per tree for total loss b Non-yielding cashew graft $15 per graft for total loss

5 Areca nut a Full grown yielding tree $15 per tree for total loss b Seedling $3 each for total loss

6 Sugarcane a Ready to harvest ie nine months and above maximum

compensation $747 per hectare b Four to nine months maximum compensation $374 per hectare

7 Other fruit crops a Pineapple $015 per plant for total loss b Papaya (yielding) $3 per plant for total loss c Sapodilla small tree up to 10 years $7 per tree for total loss

yielding tree $15 per tree for total loss d Mango grants up to 10 years $15 per graft for total loss yielding

tree above 10 years $60 per tree for total loss 8 All other seasonal crops like vegetables pulses flowers finger millet

including seasonal fruits like watermelons etc maximum compensation $224- per hectare for total loss

Gujarat No Policy

Haryana No Policy

Himachal Pradesh

No Policy

Jammu and Kashmir

No Policy


70

Jharkhand $15 per hectare up to a maximum of $374

Karnataka 1 Crop damage value a Up to $112 complete amount of the compensation b Between $112 - $523 50 of amount (capped at $318) c Above $523 30 of amount (minimum of $318 and capped at

$1495)

Crop list and compensation amount (amount per quintal) Paddy - $10 Broom-corn - $9 Corn - $9 Pearl millet - $9 Finger millet - $9 Pigeon pea - $23 Green gram - $25 Black gram - $25 Sugarcane - $12 Cotton - $30 Groundnut - $23 Sunflower - $23 Soya - $15 Sesame - $24 Black sesame - $19 Millet - $9 Peas - $34 Cowpea - $18 Hyacinth bean - $17 Bitter gourd - $13 Brinjal - $6 Drumstick - $24 Kohlrabi - $7 Ladies finger - $9 Radish - $5 Ridge gourd - $7 Snake gourd -$7 Coccinea - $9 Cauliflower - $6 Beetroot - $12 Onion - $10 Tomato - $4 Potato - $16 Carrot - $17 Beans - $18 Turmeric - $31 Watermelon - $10 Chilies - $15 Capsicum - $15 Ginger - $29 Foxtail millet - $16 Cabbage - $5 Coriander - $27 Coffee - $15 per plant Cardamom - $6 per kg Pepper - $15 per kg Orange - (i) lt 5 years - $15 per tree and (ii) Above 5 years - $23 per tree Areca and coconut - (i) lt 5 years - $3 per tree (ii) between 7 and 9 years - $6 per tree and (iii) Above 10 year - $15 per tree Banana - $1 per plant Castor - $34 per quintal Fenugreek - $002 for bunch Lemon - $007 per plant Sweet lime - $017 per plant Marigold - $15 per kg Jasmine - $060 per kg Chrysanthemum - $014 to 017 per arm

Kerala 100 of the loss assessed (up to a maximum of $1121) Crop list and compensation amount Paddy (per hectare) - $164 Coconut (bearing per plant) - $12 Coconut (not bearing per plant) - $6 Coconut (up to one year per plant) - $2 Banana (bunched per plant) - $2 Banana (non-bunched per plant) - $1 Rubber (tapping per plant) - $5 Rubber (non-tapping per plant) - $32 Cashew (bearing per plant) - $2 Cashew (Non bearing above 3 years per plant) - $2 Areca Nut (bearing per plant) - $2 Arecanut (non-bearing per plant) - $2 Cocoa (Bearing per plant) - $2 Coffee (per plant) - $2 Pepper (bearing per plant) - $1 Ginger (for 10 cents) - $2 Turmeric (for 10 cents) - $2 Tapioca (grown above two months) - $2 Groundnuts (per hectare) - $33 Sesame (for 50 cents) - $20 Vegetables (for 10 cents) - $3 Nutmeg (bearing per plant) - $7 Nutmeg (non-bearing) - $2 Clove (bearing per plant) - $32 Clove (non-bearing per plant) - $2 Cardamom (per hectare) - $41 Betel Vine (1 cent) - $5 Pulses (1 hectare) - $16 Tuber Crops (for 10 cents) - $2 Sugar Cane (per hectare) - $41 Pineapple (for 10 cents) - $12 Fodder grass (for 10 cents) - $2 Mulberry (for 50 cents) - $12 Tobacco (for 10 cents) - $25 Cotton (for 10 cents) - $5

Madhya Pradesh

1 Trees including vegetables watermelon muskmelon will be compensated as per the following criteria (except those mentioned below)


71

a For landless farmers and marginal farmers - 0 to 2 hectares of land ownership

i Compensation for crop loss between 25 to 33 (per hectare)

1 For rain-fed crops $75 per hectare 2 For irrigated crops $135 3 For a yearly crop that gets damaged at 6 months

or less - $135 per hectare 4 For a yearly crop that gets damaged after 6

months - $224 per hectare 5 For vegetable plantation - $269

ii Compensation for crop loss over 33 (per hectare) 1 For rain-fed crops $120 per hectare 2 For irrigated crops $224 3 For a yearly crop that gets damaged at 6 months


months - $298 per hectare 5 For vegetable plantation - $374 6 Sericulture - $90 per hectare

b Any farmers who is not a landless or a marginal farmer (holder of over 2 hectares of land)

i Compensation For crop loss between 25 to 33 (per hectare)







2 Fruit trees or fruits on them (except those mentioned below) a Compensation for loss between 25 to 50 (per hectare) 400

per tree b Compensation for loss over 50 (per hectare) $7 per tree

3 Orange lemon orchard papaya grape or pomegranate etc a Compensation for loss between 25 to 50 (per hectare) $112

per hectare


72

b Compensation for loss over 50 (per hectare) $202 per hectare 4 Betel leaves beams etc

a Compensation for loss between 25 to 50 (per hectare) $299 per hectare or $7 per acre

b Compensation for loss over 50 (per hectare) 298 per hectare or $7 per acre

Maharashtra 1 Damages to crops a Damages up to $149 - complete compensation or at least $15 b Damages above $149 - $149 plus 80 of the amount above $149

(limit of $374) c Damages to sugarcane crop - $12 per metric ton (limit $374)

2 Damages to fruit plantation a Coconut - $72 per plant b Betel nut - $42 per plant c Mango - $54 per plant d Banana - $2 per plant e Other fruit plantations - $7 per plant

3 Compensation for damage to coconut trees by vultures Compensation for the tree upon which the nest rests should be calculated as $01- per coconut (based on previous yearrsquos yield) taking into consideration the reduction in the yield during current season The compensation should not exceed $6 - per tree per season

Manipur No Policy

Meghalaya Damage to agricultural or plantation crops are to be assessed jointly by officials from the forest and agricultural departments

Mizoram Paddy crop up to maximum of $75 per hectare if the entire crop is damaged

Nagaland No Policy

Odisha 1 Paddy and cereal crop $149 per acre 2 Vegetables cash crops (banana sugarcane mango) per acre $179

Punjab Value of the damage as assessed by the authorized officers (sugarcane cash crops medicinal herbs horticultural ornamental crops fodder and non-fodder crops)

Rajasthan No Policy

Sikkim 1 Cardamom (per rhizome) $007 each 2 Maize (per cob) $007 each 3 Paddy millet potato tubers buckwheat wheat oatbarley orange guava

pear peach plum apple jack fruit wood apple banana cauliflower cabbage peas beans soybeans mustard ginger sugar cane bamboo area damaged (assessment based on market value)

Tamil Nadu Value of assessed damage capped at $374 per acre

Telangana 1 Agricultural crop other than paddy and sugarcane - $90 per acre 2 Paddy - $90 per acre 3 Sugarcane - $90 per acre


73

4 Mango and coconut - $22 per tree 5 Horticultural culture crop like banana and citrus



c Loss above $523 - 30 of the loss assessed subject to minimum of $318 and maximum of $747- per acre (extent and value of damaged crop as assessed by Revenue Department)

Tripura Cost of damage subject to a maximum of $37

Uttar Pradesh 1 Sugarcane (complete loss of harvest) The least support amount as decided by the sugarcane department

2 Paddywheatoilseeds (complete loss of harvest) The least support amount as decided by the Agriculture department

3 Any other crop except the ones mentioned above (on complete loss) least support amount as decided by the Agriculture department

On partial destruction of the harvest the compensation amount will be calculated on basis of the pre-decided compensation amount for complete harvest loss

Uttarakhand 1 Sugarcane (complete loss of harvest) $374 per acre 2 Paddy wheat oilseeds (complete loss of harvest) $224 per acre 3 Any other than the above listed (complete loss of harvest) $120 per acre

West Bengal Damage to crops compensated at a rate of $224 per hectare

1 hectare = 2471 acres 1 quintal = 100 kilograms or 22046 pounds 1$= Rs 6691 (Rates of 1 $ in the Year 2015-16)


Insights from India

423 Compensation Procedure amp Package - Madhya Pradesh


are govern by the Revenue Department Government of Madhya Pradesh under Revenue Book Circular

Section 6 Number 4 (6-4) annexure 1 (A) 2018

4231 Submission of Application


Kendra The whole procedure involved in the submission of application is explained below in the diagram


74

Figure 7 Procedure for submission of application

4232 Disposal of Applications

Procedure for disposal of application is explained below with the help of flow chart

Figure 8 Procedure for disposal of application


75

4233 Payment of Compensation

For payment of compensation the procedure is shown through the following flowchart -

Figure 9 Procedure for payment of compensation

4234 The Compensation Package

Grant-in-aid for crop loss by wildlife as per the existing procedure is provided to the affected person on the

basis of the provisions of Revenue Book Circular Section 6 Number 4 (6-4)

Table 7 The Criteria and amount of government aid set for crop loss from wild animals

Sr

No

Category of Land

holder Farmer

based on total

agricultural land

held

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss

from 25 to 33 percent

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount

given for crop damage

of more than 50

percent

1

Small and marginal

farmers - farmers

land holders

holding agricultural

For rain fed crop - Rs

5000 - (Rs Five

thousand) per hectare


8000 - (Rs Eight



16000 - (Rs Sixteen


For irrigated crop - Rs For irrigated crop - Rs For irrigated crop - Rs


76

land from 0 hectare

to 2 hectare

9000 - (Rs Nine


15000 - (Rs Fifteen


30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop

(Perennial) (damaged

affected in less than 6

months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

9000 - (Rs Nine


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from

sowing transplanting)

- Rs 15000 - (Rs

Fifteen thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 20000 - (Rs

Twenty thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs

Thirty thousand) per

hectare

For cultivation of

vegetables spices and

Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 26000 -

(Rs Twenty Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -

(Rs Thirty thousand)

per hectare

___

For sericulture (Eri

Mulberry and Tussar)

crop Rs 6000 - (Rs

Six thousand) per

hectare and For Coral

Rs 7500 - (Rs

Seven thousand five



crop Rs 12000 -

(Rs Twelve thousand)

per hectare and For

Coral Rs 15000 -

(Rs Fifteen thousand)


77

hundred) per hectare per hectare

2

Farmers different

from small and

marginal farmers -

farmers land

holders holding

more than 2

hectares of

agricultural land


4500 - (Rs Four

thousand five hundred)

per hectare


6800 - (Rs Six

thousand eight

hundred) per hectare


13600 - (Rs Thirteen

thousand six hundred)

per hectare

For irrigated crop - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare




per hectare


27000 - (Rs Twenty

Seven thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 12000 - (Rs

Twelve thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 14000 -

(Rs Fourteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare

Source Revenue Book Circular Section 6 Number 4 (6-4) annexure 1 (A) 2018


78

424 Major Issues with the existing Procedure amp Package

The major issues with the current compensation procedure are listed below and has been discussed in a

comprehensive manner These issues have been identified in generic manner and needs to be correlated

with the results of primary data analysis

4241 Complexity of Procedure

The procedure of applying and obtaining crop loss compensation is very complex due to lack of clarity

about contact points The incident needs to be reported in the designated officerrsquos office but designated

officers are different for different claim amounts Also there is no option for claiming the loss amount in the

application form as available from the website of MP Online (annexure M) The procedure becomes more

complex due to lack of awareness regarding the procedure among people

4242 Multiplicity of DepartmentsAuthorities

Crop compensation procedure in the state of Madhya Pradesh has the major involvement of three

departments namely Revenue department Forest department and AgricultureHorticulture department

This multiplicity of departmentsauthorities leads to various issues in the whole procedure of applying and

obtaining compensation for crop loss Multiplicity of authorities in any procedure leads to lack of

accountability lack of coordination complexity and delay in the whole procedure

4243 Crop damage Assessment

The procedure recommends for a joint inspection of crop damage from the officials of the forest revenue

and agriculturehorticulture department but it is not mandatory In many cases joint inspection is not done

due to lack of coordination among the officials There should be damage verification followed by damage

assessment but there are no guidelines regarding how damage verification assessment shall be carried

out These all things leads to confusion regarding damage verification and assessment Due to this

inspection and assessment are done as per the minds of officials


Compensation package (table 7) for the crop loss in the state of Madhya Pradesh has been categorized

based on extent of damage category of the farmers ie small or marginal type of crop ie irrigated non-

irrigated perennial (before and after 6 months) Vegetables amp Isabgol Due to having various criterions the

calculation and delivery of compensation package becomes very complex Apart from these regular

updating of the compensation rates is also an issue The current rates were modified in the year 2018 after


79

a duration of many years Comprehensiveness of the package is also an issue as there is no provision of

compensation for fruit crops other than Banana

425 Central government guidelines for compensation Procedure and Payment

As per order number FNo14-12016-PE Central Government has listed various guidelines that needs to

be considered for ex-gratia payment for damage to crops The guidelines have been listed below

bull It is recommended that compensation for crop damage should be about 60 of the estimated

crop damage If the compensation is close to 100 of the crop value there will be no incentive for

the farmer to protect his crops

bull The process of spot inspection preparation of case papers forwarding to higher authorities and

award of compensation and payment should be expedited

bull Ready to fill formats should be circulated so that the inspecting staff does not have to write long

descriptions

bull Cases should be received by the Range Officer or even by the Beat Guard so that the

affected farmers do not have to travel long distances to file the case or receive compensation

bull The entire process should be time bound It is recommended that farmers should receive

compensation within 15 days from date of the incident

bull Above a certain value revenue authorities should be involved If the amount is high a

gazetted officer should do the inspection If the value is exaggerated there should be penalty for

false claims

bull The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) which was introduced in 2016 provides

insurance to a wide variety of crops at a very low premium The MoEFCC has requested for

inclusion of crop damage by wild animals in the scheme


80

Chapter 5 Key Recommendations

51 Primary Recommendations

511 Compensation Procedure

5111 Filing Application for crop damage

The first point of contact for reporting crop raiding incident should be such that it is convenient accessible

and helpful to the farmers As evident from study findings approximately 84 respondents reported that

their first point of contact was revenue department officers while about 42 reached out to forest

department However the forest department leads in terms of source of information for farmers with about

52 respondents gaining information from the forest department as compared to the revenue department

(36 respondents) (see 4118(a) and (b))

Similarly Focus group discussions revealed that multiplicity of authorities is a major problem for the

farmers Also people prefer forest department over revenue department for handling the compensation

procedure The central government guidelines recommend for incident reporting at Range officer or

Beat Guard level to avoid inconvenience to the farmers (see 424)

Keeping in view all the above findings it is proposed that

As discussed in the previous chapter at present there are two modes to apply for the crop loss

compensation ie through online channel at Lok Seva Kendra and offline by reporting incident at the

designated officerrsquos office The central government guidelines recommend for circulation of ready to fill

formats With regards to these points it is proposed that

bull Responsibility for receiving cases of crop losses due to wildlife should be handed over to

the forest department

bull The first point of contact for incidence reporting should be at the Forest Beat Guard level

The incident should be reported within 3 days as evident from the data analysis (see 4118

(d))


81


Other major issues faced by farmers as evident from analysis of primary data and secondary data include

multiplicity of authorities in damage verification and assessment inaccurate damage assessment lack

of accountability of authorities and time taken in the whole procedure

Central government guidelines recommend for expedition of processes related to inspection

assessment forwarding the case and compensation payment with a time limit of 15 days The state of

Madhya Pradesh recommends for a period of 30 days for compensation payment as per the Lok Seva

Guranttee Act 2010 Considering all these aspects it is proposed that

bull Online application through LSK should be continued with strict monitoring so that disposal of

case could be done within the stipulated timeframe as mentioned under Public Services

Guarantee Act 2010 along with offline reporting being at Beat Guard level

bull Existing application format needs to be revised in order to make it more convenient and

simpler for the farmersclaimants (recommended format of application is attached as

annexure N)


82

A For cases less than 50 crop damage following methodology shall be adopted -

bull Damage verification and assessment should be carried out by Forest Beat Guard

within the 3 working days from the date of incident reporting

bull After damage assessment the forest Beat Guard shall forward the damage assessment

report to the Forest Range officer within 3 working days from date of assessment

bull The Forest Range officer shall forward the same to the Sub Divisional Officer (Forest)

within 3 working days from date of receipt of damage verificationassessment report from

the Beat Guard with his recommendation regarding the compensation amount

bull The Sub Divisional Officer (Forest) will forward the damage assessment report to the

Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) within 3 working days with his recommendation

regarding the proposed compensation amount to be paid to the claimant as per norms

bull Based on the damage assessment report the DFO shall than sanction or reject the case

within 5 working days from date of receipt of the damage assessment report from

SDO (Forest)

B For cases more than 50 crop damage following methodology shall be adopted -

bull In the cases where damage is more than 50 the Beat Guard will forward the damage

assessment report to the Forest Range officer within 3 working days from the date of

damage assessment

bull In such cases it is recommended that a joint inspection should be carried out in the

presence of Range officer along with TehsildarNayab Tehsildaar - or any officer

nominated by the Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM) This inspection should be made

within the 7 working days from receiving the damage assessment report from Beat

Guard

bull After the joint inspection the inspection report along with the damage assessment

report should be forwarded by Forest Range officer to the Sub Divisional Officer

(Forest) within 3 working days from date of inspection for sanctioning the case

bull The DFO shall sanction or reject the case within 5 working days from date of receipt of

the damage assessment and inspection report from SDO (Forest)


83

5113 Payment of compensation

Delay in release of compensation amount is one of the major issues highlighted by the respondents of

the study The Central Government guidelines recommend for release of compensation amount within 15

days from the date of incident Keeping in mind that online channel of application ie Lok Seva Kendra in

Madhya Pradesh provides a time frame of 30 days it is proposed that

A The authority for payment of compensation should be handed over to the Forest

department as in the existing procedure the budget for crop loss compensation is already

released by forest department to the revenue department

B Divisional Forest officer (DFO) will be the authority for sanctioning and releasing the

compensation amount The compensation amount should be released within 7 working

days from date of sanction of the case

C The amount shall be credited through DBT (Direct Benefit transfer) in the bank account of

applicants as provided in the application format

D In case of acceptance and rejection of application the applicant shall be communicated

about the same through SMS or in person by Beat Guard particularly specifying the reason

in case of rejection of hisher application within 7 working days

C For damage assessment following criteria to be applied ndash It should be done by measuring

the crop damage area and multiplying it with the extent of crop damage in the damaged area

In the case of random damages number of plants can be counted which then can be correlated

to the number of plants per unit area to assess the total crop damaged

D Timeline for disposal of cases - Looking to the practicality and number of activities to be

performed for disposal of cases it is here by proposed that the entire timeline for disposal of

cases should be same as the online channel ie within 30 days from date of receipt of

application from the claimant


84


Applicant can appeal to the higher authorities in the following scenarios

bull The compensation amount is less as compared to the actual damage

bull Compensation amount has not been received in the stipulated time frame of 30 days

The authority to appeal will be as following

Notified

Service

Name of the

designated

officer

Deadline to

provide

services

Designation

of the First

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first appeal

Designation

of the Second

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

second

appeal

Payment

of crop

loss

from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

Cases up to

50

damage

Forest Beat

Guard

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Forest Range

Officer

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Sub Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working days

from the date

of receipt of

application

Cases with

more than

50

damage

Forest

Range

officer

Sub

Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

District

Divisional

Forest Officer

(DFO)


The various issues related to the existing compensation package as analyzed qualitatively and

quantitatively under the present study supplemented by secondary data and literature review regarding

components of ideal compensation package has formed the basis for articulating recommendations for a

comprehensive and inclusive compensation package During the focus group discussions the respondents

were also asked to express their opinion on ideal compensation package

Based on the primary and secondary data analysis it was found that existing compensation received by

claimants was very low as compared to the actual losses The Central Government guidelines recommend

that compensation for crop loss should be about 60of the actual losses However the respondents

believed compensation should be equivalent to the actual losses and as per the current market rates

The recommendations considering the above findings are as under


85

The lower limit of crop damage (ie minimum 25 damage) for acceptance of application for crop

damage was also found to be a major issue as it is the primary reason for rejection of application of

compensation

Apart from these there are certain criteria in the existing compensation package which discriminates among

farmers based on various conditions and make the whole package very complex

Considering the above facts it is proposed that-

513 Short amp long term mitigation measures

Various measures can be adopted by farmers to avoid the incidents of crop raiding Based on data analysis

and suggestions received from respondents it was found that physical barriers like fencing can be a very

effective way in reducing the number of crop raiding incidents These findings have also been

A The criteria of minimum crop damage percentage for acceptance of crop damage application

should be changed into monetary terms as it discriminates among farmers based on

landholdings A limit of Rs 2000- can be set as lower limit for acceptance of crop damage

applications

B The criteria of different rates for farmers having different land holdings should be removed for

providing the compensation amount It is not only discriminatory but also provoke farmers with

big land holdings to adopt violent measures and retaliate against wildlife

C The present criteria of different rates for different damage slabs ie below 33 33 - 50

and above 50 should be removed The crop damage whether it is below certain

percentage or above canrsquot be applied with different compensation rates Also other than

Madhya Pradesh no other State follow this kind of criteria for compensation rates

A The rates of compensation should be about 75 of the actual crop damage It means for

one acre crop destroyed the compensation should be approximately 75 of the value of

actual production of that particular crop in one acre area

B The rates of compensation should be revised annually preferably at the starting of each

financial year The rates should be revised as per the crop yield and crop value of each crop

as released by agriculture department


86

supplemented with various literature review based on the same the recommendations for avoiding crop

raiding from wildlife have been formulated

The department shall make efforts to popularize all of the below methods among the farmers

5131 Physical barriers

Physical barriers include various types of fencing to restrict the animals from entering into crop fields

Different types of fencing are available in the market having different advantages Some of these fencing

options include

a Circular razor wire fencing

These fencing have iron wires which are fixed with sharp razor

blades at regular intervals The wire is fitted around the crops

in the form of circular rings This type fencing is very effective

against Wild boar causing a serious damage to them

Effectiveness of this type of fencing is about 70-85 The

only disadvantage with this is that it can cause harm to some

endangered animals as well

b Barbed wire fencing

These are similar to razor wire fencing The only difference

being instead of using razor blades these wires are weaved

in a manner to create sharp points at regular intervals This

type of fencing has an effectiveness of 60-74 but are

less harmful to animals Only disadvantage with this being

that animals sneak between two rows of fencing to enter

This type of fencing can also be applied in a circular manner

to give better results


87

c Chain link fencing

This is the most effective and most demanded fencing by the

farmers This type fencing act as a permanent physical

barrier It has an effectiveness of about 80 The

disadvantages with this method include high capital cost

and high installation cost

The lower height of fencing can result into Blue bull jumping

above it and wild boar sneaking below it by creating holes It

is therefore recommended to have a height of 7 feet above the ground and 2 feet below the ground

d HDPE net fencing

This fencing is formed using nylon wires and is used for

crops with height like banana sugarcane etc The

effectiveness of fencing is not very good (55-70)

This type of fencing is economical and easier to install

making it suitable for small farmers The installation of this

fencing requires bamboo or strong wooden poles which

are very easily available among farmers

5132 Biological Barriers

a Safflower as Barrier Crop

Use of 4-5 rows of safflower as barrier crop can be very effective against wild boar This practice is mostly

used for protection of peanut crop The strong odor of safflower crop keeps animals away from the crop

Further the safflower crop is thorny in nature which creates obstruction in entering of wildlife and protects

the crop By using this method extent of damage can be reduced up to 80 Forest department can

make farmers aware in the campaign mode around extensively damaged areas

b Castor as Barrier Crop

The castor crop can be used in the similar manner by using 4-5 rows as barriers to protect the crop This is

mostly used and effective for protecting corn crops from damage Strong odor of castor reduces the

capability of wild boars to smell corn and avoid invasions This method can be applied to both Rabi and

Kharif crops including pulses and oil seeds The effectiveness is about 75 to 90


88

c Cactus as fencing

The various verities of thorny cactus can be utilized to prevent the incident of cop raiding Some cactus

verities can reach a height of 2 meter to 6 meter which can be very effective against wild animals The

narrow branches of cactus with thorny spikes all over the plant act as repellant as wild animals avoid

thorny plants These are found to be very effective against elephants and other wild animals

5133 Traditional Methods

a Human hair as respiratory deterrent

Since wild boar and other wild animals mostly rely upon their smell sensory mechanism for movement

and search of food human hairs act as a very effective deterrent It indicates to wild boars and other

animals of the human presence Also if hair sucked through nostrils they can create severe respiratory

irritations which can deter animals from their further movement and can create distress among other

animals due to distress calls made by affected animal This has an effectiveness of 70 to 80

b Used colored Saree Barriers

Usage of colored saree around crops create a sense of human presence among wild animals and they

not prefer to enter in these areas The effectiveness of this method is about 45 to 60 which is not

much but considering that no cost is involved it can act as an innovative technique for poor farmers

c Spraying of egg solutions

A 20mlliter of water solution of egg can successfully reduce the crop raiding incidents by wildlife with an

effectiveness of 55 to 70 It has a very vibrant smell which reduces the wild animals smelling

capacity and hence deter them from entering into crop fields

d Spraying of chili mixture

Wild animals have sensitive noses and are repelled by the strong smell of chili The mixture can be

prepared by mixing chili powder in the waste engine oil The prepared chili mixture can be sprayed over

the fences surrounding the crops to repel the wild animals It is found to be very effective against elephants

e Use of animals excreta as repellent

Various animals get deterred by excreta of different animals For example Blue bulls gets deterred by use

male blue bull excreta Similarly wild boars avoid entering into the areas which are sprayed with local pig

excreta Some animals get deterred by excreta of big animals and carnivores


89

52 Secondary Recommendations

Other than above discussed primary recommendations there are some secondary recommendations which

will help in making the whole procedure of crop loss compensation more effective These include

A Change in the cropping pattern can be adopted as short-term mitigation measure to deter

the wild animals away which have gotten into a habit attacking the same field Since wild

animals prefer to attack crops like Corn Sugarcane etc these crops can be replaced with

some other crops For example mustard crop is not found to be damaged by wild animals

However this is not a permanent solution and canrsquot be practiced in the longer durations

B Fencing distribution can be done at large scale by government so that farmers can be

equipped with better mitigation measures against crop raiding If not possible to cover all the

farmers farmers whose fields are in the buffer zones of forest areasNational parks can be

provided with the fencing

C Subsidies can be provided on fencing to promote the farmers for adopting it as prevention

measures Affected farmers can also be given option to choose between monetary

compensation and fencing as part of the approved compensation for crop loss

D The forest department should do awareness campaigns to make people aware regarding

human wildlife conflict and various techniques which can be utilized to avoid incidences of crop

raiding Effectiveness of different methods as discussed above should be discussed among

farmers so that they can select best practices according to their needs

E The forest department should identify vulnerable areas within the district based on the crop

raiding incidences and aware the local communityfarmers about the compensation

procedure and package The procedure to file application for crop loss along with the

applicability criteria and other parameters should be popularized among farmers

F Capacity building programs should be organized for officials involved in the whole procedure

of crop loss compensation Beat Guard and Range officers should be trained for effective

crop damage verification and assessment to avoid the irregularities

G The State Government should include the damages by wildlife in agriculture crop insurance

programs for payment to farmers Efforts should be made to bring it under the umbrella of

PMFBY (Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana)


90

Annexure A Number of incidents (2010-2015) reported by Indian states across all human-wildlife conflict categories

1 Crop amp Property Damage 2 Livestock Predation 3 Human Injury 4 Human Death

1 Jammu and Kashmir implemented a compensation policy for human injury and death in 2014 2 Meghalaya Odisha Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal did not have complete conflict incident data

for crop and property damage and only data related to crop or property damage livestock predation human injury and death has been shown

Source Karanth et al 2018 Compensation payments procedures and policies towards human-wildlife conflict management Insights from India

State Conflict Incidents

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Andhra Pradesh NA 120 755 515 2021 Arunachal Pradesh 490 815 1097 1380 1263 Assam 3211 5663 2710 1948 1388 Bihar NA NA NA NA NA Chhattisgarh 1408 1529 1563 1000 947 Goa 0 107 29 1 2 Gujarat 1 2441 3367 3162 3719 3411 Haryana 1 19 24 4 6 9 Himachal Pradesh 1 992 980 994 910 326 Jammu and Kashmir -1234 -1234 -1234 -1234 NA12 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA Karnataka 34588 21219 36091 20269 29067 Kerala NA NA NA NA NA Madhya Pradesh 5855 8915 9027 7372 NA Maharashtra 47047 25452 20083 21420 27573 Manipur 1234 - - - - - Meghalaya 115 69 216 100 233 Mizoram 1793 NA NA 454 527 Nagaland 1234 - - - - - Orissa 1341 1393 1437 1248 1575 Punjab 0 6 122 29 41 Rajasthan NA NA NA NA NA Sikkim NA NA NA NA NA Tamil Nadu 3516 2790 2598 1464 3346 Telangana 181 192 421 825 962 Tripura 157 7 0 0 1 Uttarakhand NA NA NA NA NA Uttar Pradesh 196 134 139 322 363 Uttarakhand NA NA NA NA NA West Bengal 5503 4982 4320 3958 6025


91


State Compensation (in US $)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Andhra Pradesh NA 21850 49290 30698 188881 Arunachal Pradesh 0 37184 0 67434 67571 Assam 184053 338963 194291 209239 68331 Bihar NA NA NA NA NA Chhattisgarh 158033 213929 156225 110626 117949 Goa 0 5686 3350 37 3736 Gujarat 1 151200 257973 230532 249703 282765 Haryana 1 6073 151 54 505 777 Himachal Pradesh 1 70150 84276 61230 73160 41674 Jammu and Kashmir -1234 -1234 -1234 -1234 NA12 Jharkhand NA NA NA NA NA Karnataka 1418400 1038363 1956115 1485292 1852309 Kerala NA NA NA NA NA Madhya Pradesh 401848 577123 699629 657382 NA Maharashtra 1478504 1225950 1425034 1574518 2044463 Manipur 1234 - - - - - Meghalaya 85518 98909 104977 124067 66891 Mizoram 32552 NA NA 22117 20683 Nagaland 1234 - - - - - Orissa 424537 658474 1598688 1816957 2549101 Punjab 0 329 16048 14682 30613 Rajasthan NA NA NA NA NA Sikkim NA NA NA NA NA Tamil Nadu 295636 387521 480108 413077 737547 Telangana 26761 43853 60857 110067 126065 Tripura 1360 1194 0 0 2989 Uttar Pradesh 41085 29738 34036 79466 58497 Uttarakhand 129144 52518 74249 71275 104020 West Bengal 460505 392713 616760 622509 730351 1 Crop amp Property Damage 2 Livestock Predation 3 Human Injury 4 Human Death

Note

1 Jammu and Kashmir implemented a compensation policy for human injury and death in 2014 2 US Dollar Conversion rate considered US 1$ = INR 6691 2015-16

Source Karanth et al 2018 Compensation payments procedures and policies towards human-wildlife conflict

management Insights from India


92

Annexure C Focus Group Discussion Burhanpur

ftys dk uke amp cqjgkuiqj ny lnL ds ukeamp vkyksd f=ikBh] kksk lgkd fnukad 18012020

fodkl[kaM dk ukeamp usikuxj xzke iapkr dk ukeamp xzke dk ukeamp

y lewg ppkZ (FGD) esa kkfey izfrHkkfxksa dh la[kamp efgyk 00 iqk 05 dqy 05

dz- ppkZ dk fok ppkZ esa fudydj vk fcUnq lqgtko

1

vkids ks= esa oUthoksa kjk Qly ds

uqdlku dh kVuk ds fok esa crks

(Please enumerate about the

incidents of crop raiding by wildlife

in your area)

bull oUthoksa ds kjk Qly dk uqdlku fdlkuks ds

fy lcls cM+h leLk gS] ftlds fy dksAtilde Hkh

mik dkjxj ugEgrave gS

bull Qly uqdlku dh kVukvksa ds dkjk bruk

ijskku gks pqds gS dh mdashfk dkZ dks geskk ds

fy NksM+ nsuk pkgrs gSa

bull oUthoksa ds kjk Qly uqdlku dh kVuka

fiNys âmppermil okksplusmn ls gks jgh gSa fiNys dqN okksplusmn

ls kVukvksa dh la[k esa btkQk gqvk gS

bull s kVuka vkofegravekd frac14ihfjkfMdfrac12 gksrh gSa vkSj

budk dksAtilde foksk Loi frac14iSVuZfrac12 ugEgrave gS

2

oUthoksa kjk Qly ds uqdlku ds

fy ekStwnk eqvkotk ccedilfOslashk ds ckjs esa

vkids fopkj ODr djsa (What do

you think about the current

compensation procedure for crop

loss by wildlife)

bull eqvkotk ccedilfOslashk ds ckjs esa vfegravekd tkudkjh ugEgrave

gS ysfdu hellipampdagger ccedilklksa ds ckn eqvkotk dsoy

d gh ckj feyk gS

bull dAtilde ckj vsbquofQlksa ds pocircj yxkus ds ckn Hkh

dksAtilde larksktud tokc ugEgrave feyrk gS frac14QhMcSd

ugEgrave feyrk gSfrac12

bull eqvkots ds fy usikuxj vkSj cqjgkuiqj tkuk

d leLk gS ftles le vkSj iSls nksuksa dh

cckZnh gksrh gS

bull tkudkjh ds vHkko dks nwj djus

ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg

bull QhMcSd dks ccedilfOslashk esa kkfey

fdk tkuk pkfg frac14yksd lsok

dsaaelig esa kkfey QhMcSd ds ckjs

esa voxr djkk xkfrac12

bull xzke Lrj ij laidZ djus dh

lqfoegravekk dk ccedilkoegravekku


93

2A

eqvkotk ikus ds fy vkosnu ccedilfOslashk ds

ckjs esa vki Dk tkurs gSa (What do

you know about the application

procedure for getting

compensation)

bull vfegravekd tkudkjh ugEgrave gS

bull dksroky ukdsnkj dks fyf[kr lwpuk nsrs gS

bull gLrfyf[kr vkosnu i= ds kjk lwpuk nsrs gS

2B

vkids vuqlkj Dk eqvkotk ccedilkIr djus

ds fy vkosnu djus dh iwjh ccedilfOslashk

ljyvklku frac14ijskkuh eqaumlfrac12 gS Is

the entire process of application for

getting compensation simpleeasy

(hassle free)

bull ljy ugEgrave gS Dksfd dAtilde ccedilklksa ds ckn Hkh

eqvkotk ugEgrave feyrk gS

bull foHkkxksa ds pocircj yxkus iM+rs gSa] jktLo vkSj ou

foHkkx d nwljs ds ikl Hkstrs gSa

bull eqvkotk feyus k u feyus ds dkjkksa ls Hkh

voxr ugEgrave djkk tkrk gS

2C

eqvkots dh iwjh ccedilfOslashk esa eq[ ckkka

Dk gSa dìk crks (What are the

main obstacles involved in the

entire procedure of loss

compensation please explain)

bull jktLo foHkkx dh rjQ ls Qly uqdlku dh

kVukvksa dh vksj ikZIr egraveku ugEgrave fnk tkrk gS

bull foHkkxksa dh cgqyrk ds dkjk fdlkuksa dks

leLkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS

bull eqvkotk ccedilnku djus dh ccedilfOslashk

fdlh d gh foHkkx dks ns fnk

tkuk pkfg

bull ou foHkkx dks ns fnk tks rks

csgrj gS

3

oUthoksa kjk Qly uqdlku gsrq ccedilnku

fd tkus okys ekStwnk eqvkots iSdst

frac14jkfrsquokfrac12 ds ckjs esa vkidh Dk jk gS

What are your opinions about the

existing compensation package

provided for the crop loss by

wildlife

bull ccedilkIr eqvkotk jkfk okLrfod uqdlku ls cgqr

de gksrh gS

bull orZeku eqvkotk njs dkQh de

gSa vkSj budks clt+ks tkus dh

vkodrk gS


94

3A

Dk lHkh Qlysa ekStwnk kfriwfrZ iSdst

ds varxZr vkrh gSa fn ugha] rks fdu

Qlyksa dks iSdst ds rgr kkfey ugha

fdk xk gS (Does all crops are

covered under the existing

compensation package If not

which crops are not covered under

the package)

bull gkiexcl] gekjh tkudkjh ds vuqlkj lkjh Qlysa

iSdst esa kkfey gSa

bull gesa eqvkotk ƒampbdquo ckj gh feyk gS rks iwjs dhu

ls ugEgrave dg ldrs Dksafd eqvkotk fujLr gksus

ds dkjkksa ls voxr ugEgrave djkk tkrk gS

bull vxj kkfey ugEgrave gSa rks lHkh

Qlyksa dks kkfey fdk tkuk

pkfg

3B

Qly kfr ewYkadu ccedilfOslashk ij vkids

Dk fopkj gSa (What are your views

on the crop damage assessment

process)

bull iVokjh ds kjk uqdlku dk vkdyu de fdk

tkrk gS

bull dAtilde ckj iVokjh ds kjk fdlku dks uqdlku

ccedilfrkr ls voxr Hkh ugEgrave djkk tkrk gS

bull uqdlku dk vkdyu ns[k dj frac14fot+qvy

vlslesaVfrac12 gh fdk tkrk gS

bull uqdlku dk vkdyu ukidj

fdk tkuk pkfg

bull uqdlku ccedilfrkr ls fdlku dks

Hkh voxr djkk tkuk pkfg

3C

fn izfdzk miqDr ugha gS] rks blds

Dk dkjk gSa frac14vki slk Dksa lksprs

gSafrac12 (If the process not good enough

what are the reasons behind your

thought) (Why do you think so)

bull foHkkxksa dh cgqyrk

bull jktLo foHkkx dk ikZIr egraveku u nsuk

bull dAtilde ckj fkdkr nsus ds ckotwn eqvkotk ugEgrave

feyrk gS


ou foHkkx dks ns fnk tks rks

csgrj gS

4-

vkidh jk esa] oUthoksa kjk Qly ds

uqdlku ds eq[ dkjk Dk gSa (In

your opinion what are the main

causes for the crop damage by

bull g mudh LokHkkfod ccedilofUgravek gS

bull Qly lqjkk ds mikksa dk dkjxj u gksuk


95

wildlife)

4A

oUthoksa dk vius ccedilkmdashfrd vkokl ls

ckgj vkdj Qlyksa dks uV djus ds

ckjs esa vkids Dk fopkj gSa (What are

your takes on the wildlife coming

out of their natural habitat to

destroy crops)

bull oUks=ksa ds vanj [kkus vkSj ikuh dh deh

4B

oUthoksa kjk Qly uqdlku gksus dh

kVuka yxkrkj clt+ Dksa jgh gSa (Why

the incidents of crop raiding by

wildlife becoming more frequent)

bull ou foHkkx ds kjk cuks x psdMSEl esa ikuh u

gksuk k lw[k tkuk

bull psdMSEl esa volknu frac14flCcedilYVxfrac12 ds dkjk ckfjk

ds ekSle esa ikZIr ikuh dk bocircBk u gksuk

bull oUks=ksa esa pjkxkgksa dh deEgrave

bull ikuh bdB~Bk djus ds fy vkSj

psdMSEl cuks tks

bull psdMSEl vkSj vU ty L=ksrksa

dk ikZIr j[kj[kko rkfd

volknu frac14flCcedilYVxfrac12 u gksus ik

5-

Qly gkfu dh kVuka fdlku ds

thou dks dSls ccedilHkkfor djrh gSa vkSj

Qly ds uqdlku ds fy ccedilnku fdk

xk eqvkotk mUgsa dSls enn djrk gS

(How do the incidents of crop

raiding impact farmerrsquos life and in

what ways compensation provided

for crop loss helps them)

bull mdashfk dkksplusmn esa fp [k+Re gks tkrh gS

bull mdashfk ds fy x _k dk le ls Hkqxrku ugEgrave

gks irk gS ftlls Ckt jkfk clt+ tkrh gS

bull ikZIr vkenuh ugEgrave gks ikus ij g vxyh

Qlyksa dh [ksrh dks Hkh ccedilHkkfor djrk gS

bull xUus dh [ksrh djuk Tknkrj fdlkuks us can

dj fnk gS Dksafd lcls Tknk uqdlku blh

Qly dk gksrk gS

bull eqvkotk fey tkus ij bu lkjh leLkvksa ls

mcjus esa enn feyrh gS

bull ge dkSu lh Qlysa mxka rkfd

uqdlku de gks blds fy gesa

lykg dh vkodrk gS

5A

oU thoksa ds ckjs esa yksxksa dh

ekufldrk dks cnyus esa s kVuka Dk

Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSa (What role these

bull yksxks dk oUthoksa ds ccedilfr xqLlk clt+ tkrk gS

bull g mudh LokHkkfod ccedilofUgravek gS] g lksp dj

yksx gkfu ugEgrave igqapkrs


96

incidents play in changing the

mindset of people about wildlife)

bull dqN yksx oUthoksa dks uqdlku ugEgrave igqapkrs

Dksafd s vijkegravek dh Jskh esa vkrk gS

5B

mDr kVukvksa dks de djus ds fy ou

vFkok jktLo foHkkx ls vkidh Dk

viskka gSa (What are your

expectations from the Forest or the

Revenue Department for reducing

the incidence of crop raiding)

bull ou foHkkx ds kjk [ksrksa esa yxkus ds fy tkyh

QsaCcedillx frac14pSu Ccedilyd QsaCcedillxfrac12 vFkok mlds fy jkfk

ccedilnku dh tks

bull eqvkotk ccedildjk ou foHkkx vius ikl ys ys

Dksafd jktLo foHkkx ds kjk s cksyk tkrk gS

dh g ou foHkkx dk ekeyk gS

6-

ekStwnk Qly gkfu eqvkotk ccedilfOslashkvksa esa

lqkkj ds fy vkids lqgtko Dk gSa

(What are your suggestions for

improving existing Crop loss

compensation procedures)

bull eqvkotk njksa dks clt+kus dh vkodrk gS

bull foHkkxksa dh cgqyrk dks [k+Re fdk tks

6A

ekStwnk Qly gkfu eqvkotk ccedilfOslashkvksa

dks vkSj vfkd ikjnkhZ dSls cukk tk

ldrk gS (How the existing crop

loss compensation procedures can

be made more transparent)

bull Qly uqdlku dk okLrfod ewYkadu fdlkuks

ds lkFk Hkh lkgtk fdk tks

bull eqvkotk vuqeksnu k fujLr djus dh tkudkjh

dkjk ds lkFk fdlkuks dks voxr djkb tks

6B

ccedilfOslashk dks vkSj vfkd ccedilHkkoh cukus ds

fy Dk fdk tk ldrk gS (What

can be done to make procedure

more time efficient)

bull nwljh ckj uqdlku gksus ij mldks Hkh Qly

gkfu esa kkfey fdk tkuk pkfg

bull ccedilfOslashk vsbquouykbu dj nh tks

frac14voxr djkus ij crkk xk

dh vsbquouykbu ccedilfOslashk csgrj gS

ij gesa bldh tkudkjh ugEgrave

Fkhfrac12


97

6C

Qly kfr dk ewYkadu dSls fdk

tkuk pkfg (How assessment crop

damage should be made)

bull Qly kfr dk ewYkadu ukidj fdk tkuk

pkfg

bull kfr dk ewYsbquoadu cktkj Hkko ls fdk tkuk

pkfg

6D forjk ra= (Delivery mechanism) bull vHkh eqvkotk lhegraveks [kkrs esa vkrk gS tksfd Bhd

gS

7

vkidh jk esa] eqvkots ds iSdst dks

vkSj vfkd lekoskh vkSj lVhd dSls

cukk tk ldrk gS d vknkZ

kfriwfrZ iSdst ds kVd Dk gksus

pkfg (In your opinion how

compensation package can be made

more inclusive amp accurate What

should be the components of an

ideal compensation package

vknkZ eqvkotk iSdst ds kVd

bull Qly uqdlku dk okLrfod vkdyu ukidj

fdk tks

bull uqdlku dk Hkqxrku cktkj njksa ij fdk tks

bull eqvkotk njksa dks le le ij lakksfegravekr fdk

tks

bull Hkqxrku le ij fdk tks frac14vxyh Qly dh

cqokAtilde ds igysfrac12

bull fdlkuksa ls lkjh tkudkjh lkgtk dh tks

frac14eksckby lel ds kjkfrac12

7A

kfr dk lVhd vkdyu (Accurate

damage assessment) bull uqdlku ks= dks ukidj vkdyu fdk tkuk

pkfg

7B

kfriwfrZ iSdst dh ikZIrrk

(Adequacy of the compensation

package)

bull cktkj njksa ij Hkqxrku fdk tkuk pkfg

bull Ccedillfpr vCcedillfpr ds fy njs vyx gksuh

pkfg frac14ekStwnk ccedilfOslashk ds ckjs esa crkk xkfrac12

7C VordfkatsDku pktZ (Transaction charge)

bull ccedilnku fdk tks Dksafd blesa dkQh [kpkZ vkrk

gS

bull vxj laidZ dsaaelig xzke esa gh gks rc u Hkh feys rks

dksAtilde leLk ugEgrave gS


98

7D lkekftd vkSj lkaLmdashfrd ykxr (Social

and Cultural Costs bull vxj feyrk gS rks g cgqr gh vPNk gksxk

7E le ij Hkqxrku (Timely Payment) bull vxj vxyh Qly dh cqokAtilde ds igys rd

eqvkotk fey tkrk gS rks Bhd jgsxk

8

Dk eqvkots dh iwjh ccedilfOslashk esa dksbZ

HkzVkpkj gS fn gkiexcl] rks iwjh ccedilfOslashk esa

HkzVkpkj ls cpus ds fy Dk fdk tk

ldrk gS (Is there any corruption in

the whole process of loss

compensation If yes what can be

done in order to avoid corruption in

the whole procedure)

bull ugha] pwiexclfd eqvkotk jkfk lhks [kkrss esa vkrh gS

blfy HkzVkpkj dh laHkkouk [kRe gks tkrh gS

9

vkidh jk esa] ekuo oUtho lakkZ dks

de djus vkSj oUthoksa kjk Qly

kfr ls cpus ds lcls vPNs rjhds Dk

gSa (In your opinion what are the

best ways to mitigate human

wildlife conflict and avoid crop

damage by wildlife)

bull tkyh QsaCcedillx frac14pSu Ccedilyd QsaCcedillxfrac12 gh oUthoksa

kjk Qly kfr ls cpus dk lcls lgh mik

gS

10

oUthoksa kjk Qly kfr dks yEch

vofk esa de djus ds fy] ljdkj dks

Dk dne mBkus pkfg (What are

the steps that you think government

bull psd MSEl dk fuekZk vkSj mudk mfpr j[kj[kko

bull oUks=ksa ds vanj ty ccedilcaku dh leqfpr

OoLFkk

bull [kqys oUks=ksa dh Qsaflax dh

tks

bull oUccedilkfkksa ds vkoktkgh

xfykjs frac14dksfjZMkslZfrac12 dk vu

djds mlds vuqlkj kstuk


99

should take in order to mitigate crop

damage by wildlife in the longer

duration)

cukbZ tks

11

vkt dh ppkZ dh xbZ lHkh ckrksa ds

vykok] Dk dqN vkSj gS tks Qly gkfu

vkSj kfriwfrZ iSdst ds eqiacutes ls fuiVus

ij fopkj fdk tkuk pkfg (Of all

the things discussed today is there

anything else that should be

considered while dealing with the

issue of crop loss and compensation

package)

bull ugha] dsoy tkyh QsaCcedillx frac14pSu Ccedilyd QsaCcedillxfrac12 dk

forjk ftruk tYnh gks lds djk fnk tks

bull fiNys eqvkotk nkoksa dk

fuLrkjk khkz ccedilHkko ls djk

fnk tks


100

Annexure D Focus Group Discussion Chhindwara 1

ftys dk uke amp fNanokM+k ny lnL ds ukeamp vkyksd f=ikBh] kksk lgkd fnukad 06022020

fodkl[kaM dk ukeamp fcNqvk xzke iapkr dk ukeamp xzke dk ukeamp



1





in your area)

bull Qly uqdlku dh kVuka fiNys dbZ lkyksa ls

gks jgh gS] ysfdu fiNys dqN lkyksa esa bues

clt+ksUgravekjh gqbZ gS

bull oUccedilkfkksa ls Qly ds uqdlku ds dkjk dqN

Qlyksa dh cqokbZ djuk gh can dj fnk gS

bull oUccedilkkh d gh ckj esa cgqr uqdlku dj nsrs

gS] dbZ ckj rks iwjh Qly gh lkQ dj nsrs gSa

bull dksbZ Hkh lqjkk mik dkjxj ugha gS] fdlku gkj

eku pqds gSa

2






loss by wildlife)

bull lewg esa dagger yksxksa dk ekuuk Fkk dh eqvkotk

ccedilfOslashk Bhd gS] ysfdu Dagger yksx bl ckr ls

lger ugha Fks vkSj mudk ekuuk Fkk dh ccedilfOslashk

Bhd ugha gS Dksafd blesa d ls Tknk foHkkxksa

dh Hkwfedk gS

bull eqvkotk jkfk ds ckjs esa lHkh dh d gh jk Fkh

dh k rks eqvkotk njsa cgqr gh de gSa vFkok

mUgsa eqvkotk gh de Lohmdashfr gks jgk gS

bull jktLo vkSj ou foHkkx d nwljs ds Aringij

ftEesnkjh Mkyrsa gS ftles lcls Tknk ijskkuh

fdlkuks dks gksrh gS

bull eqvkotk ccedilnku djus dh leLr

ccedilfOslashkvksa dh ftEesnkjh fdlh

d gh foHkkx dks ns fnk tk

rks Bhd jgsxk


101

2A





compensation)

bull vfegravekd tkudkjh ugEgrave gS ysfdu bruk irk gS dh

fyf[kr lwpuk vkosnu nsuk gksrk gS

bull vkosnu rglhy esa nsuk gksrk gS ftlds fy

fuEu ccedili= lyXu djus gksrs gSa

[kljk [krkSuh dh udy

VkbZIM vkosnu

LVkEi isij

bull dqN yksxksa us g Hkh crkk dh mudh rglhy

esa iskh Hkh gqbZ Fkh

2B






(hassle free)

bull dagger yksxksa dk ekuuk Fkk dh ccedilfOslashk Bhd gS ysfdu

ckfd yksx blls lger ugha Fks

bull mudk ekuuk Fkk dh ccedilfOslashk ljy ugEgrave gS Dksfd

dAtilde ccedilklksa ds ckn Hkh eqvkotk ugEgrave feyrk gS

bull jktLo vkSj ou foHkkx ckj ckj d nwljs ds

ikl Hkstrs gSa

2C







bull nksuksa foHkkxksa ls visfkr lgksx ccedilkIr u gksuk



tkuk pkfg

3






bull orZeku eqvkotk jkfk cgqr gh de feyrh gS

blfy njksa dks clt+ks tkus dh vkodrk gS

bull eqvkotk njs clt+ks tkus dh

vkodrk gS


102


wildlife

3A








the package)

bull blds ckjs esa gesa tkudkjh ugha gS

bull Qly kfr ls lEcafkr lHkh fueksa ls ge

vufHkK gSa] foHkkx kjk Hkh bl ckjs esa voxr

ugha djkk xk gS



pkfg

bull tkxdrk vfHkku pyks tkus

dh tjr gS

3B




process)

bull iVokjh ewYkadu Bhd djrs gS ysfdu eqvkotk

jkfk gh de feyrh gS

bull gkykiexclfd dqN yksxks us crkk dh dqN ekeyksa esa

iVokjh gh uqdlku de fy[krs gSa

frac14iVokjh kjk crkk xk dh mUgsa vfkdre 85

ccedilfrkr uqdlku fy[kus dk gh vfkdkj gSfrac12

bull vxj uqdklu 100 Qhlnh gS rks

fQj iwjk uqdlku fy[kk tkuk

pkfg

3C







bull eqvkotk jkfk dk de gksuk

bull dAtilde ckj fkdkr nsus ds ckotwn eqvkotk u

feyuk

bull iVokjh uqdlku psd djus gh ugha vkrs mudks

dbZ ckj cksyuk iM+rk gS

4- vkidh jk esa] oUthoksa kjk Qly ds


bull yksxks us crkk dh blds ihNs dksbZ foksk dkjk

ugha gS Dksafd s kVuka dbZ okksaZ ls pyha vk

jgh gS


103



wildlife)

bull gkykiexclfd dqN yksxksa us blds fy Qly iSVuZ

vkSj tkuojksa dh clt+rh la[k dks Hkh ftEesnkj

crkk

4A






destroy crops)

bull tSls yksx uh phts [kkuk ilan djrs gSa] oSls gh

tkuoj ds fy Hkh Qly d u Hkkstu dh

rjg gh gS

bull taxyh lwvj dks eDds vkSj dikl dh Qly

[kkuk cgqr ilan vkrk gS

bull [ksrksa esa mxus okyh kkl Hkh taxy dh rqyuk esa

eqyke gksrh gS

4B





bull s kVuka kndashfPNd frac14jSaMefrac12 gksrh gSa vkSj budk

dksbZ foksk Loi frac14iSVuZfrac12 ugha gS

bull blds ihNs dk dkjk eDds dh [ksrh Hkh gks

ldrk gS Dksafd igys yksx bruk Tknk eDds

dh [ksrh ugha djrs Fks

bull oUthoksa dks Qly [kkus dh vknr iM+ pqdh gS

blfy os yxkrkj uqdlku djrs jgrs gSa

bull taxy ls VkbZxjksa dh fkfparaVax ds dkjk dksbZ

ekalkgkjh tkuoj ugha gS blfys Qly uqdlku

esa kkfey tkuojksa dh la[k esa rsth ls btkQk

gqvk gS

bull taxy ds vanj ekalkgkjh tho

Hkh gksus pkfg rkfd larqyu dh

fLFkfr cuh jgs

5-






bull fdlku nq[kh gks tkrs gSa vkSj mudk gkSlyk VwV

tkrk gS

bull tc lkyksa dh esgur d fnu esa cckZn gks tkrh

gS rks legt ugha vkrk Dk djsa] dgkiexcl tkiexcl

bull eqvkotk jkfk feyus ij Qly uqdlku dh


104




HkjikbZ gks tkrh gS vkSj vxyh Qlyksa ds fy

Hkh enn fey tkrh gS

5A







bull Qly uqdlku ds dkjk bruk nq[kh gks tkrs gS

fd eu djrk gS tkuoj dks djsaV yxkdj ekj

nsa

bull flQZ dkuwuh ifjkkeksa fd otg ls oUtho dks

uqdlku ugha igqapkrs

5B









ccedilnku dh tks

bull foHkkx kjk Qsaflax lfClMh ij Hkh nh tk ldrh

gS

6-






bull foHkkxksa dh cgqyrk dks [k+Re fdk tks vkSj

oUccedilkfkksa ls Qly uqdlku fd lkjh ccedilfOslashk

fdlh d foHkkx dks ns fnk tks

bull jktLo foHkkx ls dksbZ leLk ugha gS ysfdu ou

foHkkx dks ns fnk tks rks Bhd gS

6A






bull eqvkotk vuqeksnu k fujLr

djus dh tkudkjh dkjk ds

lkFk fdlkuks dks voxr djkb

tks


105



6B





bull Qly kfr dk vkdyu lgh fdk tkuk pkfg

rFkk ftruk uqdlku gks mruk uqdlku fy[kk

tkuk pkfg

bull foHkkxksa fd cgqyrk dks [kRe fdk tkuk pkfg

6C




bull vHkh iVokjh ns[kdj uqdlku dk vkdyu djrs

gS vkSj iapukek rSkj djds gLrkkj djk ysrs gSa


pkfg


pkfg

6D forjk ra= (Delivery mechanism)

bull vHkh eqvkotk lhegraveks [kkrs esa vkrk gS tksfd Bhd

gS

7










bull vknkZ eqvkotk iSdst ds kVd

Qly uqdlku dk okLrfod vkdyu

okLrfod uqdlku ccedilfrkr dk fy[kk tkuk

okLrfod uqdlku dk Hkqxrku

le ij uqdlku dk Hkqxrku

fdlkuksa ls lkjh tkudkjh lkgtk dh tks

bull fpfM+ksa tSls fd rksrk bRkfn ls gksus okys

uqdlku dks Hkh oUccedilkfkksa ls gksus okys uqdlku

ds varxZr kkfey fdk tk


106

7A


damage assessment) bull uqdlku ks= dk vkdyu ukidj fdk tkuk

pkfg

7B



package)

bull eqvkotk iSdst ikZIr ugha gS vkSj njksa dks

lakksfkr djds clt+ks tkus fd vkodrk gS


7C VordfkatsDku pktZ (Transaction charge) bull g eqvkotk dk Hkkx gksuk pkfg vkSj blds

fy vyx ls de ls de Daggeraringaringampâringaring is fd

OoLFkk fd tkuh pkfg


and Cultural Costs bull s mruk egRoiwkZ ugha gS ysfdu vxj feyrk gS

rks vPNh ckr gS

7E le ij Hkqxrku (Timely Payment) bull eqvkots dk Hkqxrku bdquoamphellip eghuks esa k vxyh

Qly ls igys gks tkuk pkfg

8











9






gS


107




damage by wildlife)

bull ysfdu Qsaflax fd gkbZV Tknk gksuh pkfg

Dksafd NksVh Qsaflax oUthoksa dks jksdus esa

vlQy jgrh gS

10







duration)

bull tkyh Qsaflax dk forjk

bull oUks=ksa ds vanj VkbZxjksa fd okilh

11









package)




108

Annexure E Focus Group Discussion Chhindwara 2





1





in your area)

bull oUccedilkfkksa ls Qly uqdlku cgqr gh Tknk

gksrk gS] fiNys nl lkyksa dh rqyuk esa uqdlku

dh kVuka nksxquh gks pqdh gSa

bull Tknkrj uqdlku dh kVuka ckfjk ds ekSle esa

vkSj eDds ls lEcafkr gksrh gSa

bull blds vykok kku vkSj vU Qlyksa dk Hkh

uqdlku gksrk gS] slh dksbZ Hkh Qly ugha gS

ftldk uqdlku ugha gksrk gS

bull Qly uqdlku dh kVukvksa esa Tknkrj lwvj

vkSj phry kkfey jgrs gSa

2






loss by wildlife)

bull ccedilfOslashk ds ckjsa esa ny ds lnLksa dh jk vyx

vyx Fkh

bull hellip lnLksa us crkk dh mUgsa vfkd tkudkjh

ugha gS] ccedilfOslashk ls dksbZ foksk leLk ugha gS

Dksafd eqvkotk fey rks jgk gS ysfdu eqvkots

dh jkfk cgqr de gksrh gS

bull vU lnLksa us crkk dh eqvkots ds fy ckj

ckj HkVduk iM+rk gS Dksafd ou foHkkx vkSj

jktLo foHkkx d nwljs ds ikl Hkstrs gSa


109

2A





compensation)


bull rglhy esa fyf[kr lwpuk vkosnu nsuk gksrk

gS

2B






(hassle free)

bull ccedilfOslashk ljy ugha gS vkSj foHkkxksa dh cgqyrk

ijskkuh [kM+h djrh gS

bull nksuksa foHkkxksa ds dbZ pDdj yxaj iM+rs gSa

2C







bull iVokjh ds kjk QhMcSd u feyuk

bull eqvkotk de feyuk

3







wildlife

bull eqvkotk iSdst jkfk cgqr gh de gS vkSj njksa

dks clt+ks tkus dh vkodrk gS

bull njksa dks orZeku cktkj njksa ij

clt+kk tkuk pkfg


110

3A








the package)

bull eqvkotk gedks igyh ckj gh fey jgk gS

blfy bl ckjs esa vfkd tkudkjh ugha gS

bull gkykiexclfd 1 lnL us crkk xk dh mudks cksyk

xk dh eDds dh Qly ds fy eqvkots dk

dksbZ ccedilkokku ugha gS blfy mUgsa flQZ dikl

ds fy eqvkotk feyk gS


dh tjr gS

3B




process)

bull iVokjh ds kjk Qly uqdlku dk vkdyu

ns[kdj gh fdk tkrk gS]

bull iVokjh ds kjk uqdlku ls lEcafkr tkudkjh

ugha nh tkrh gS

bull iVokjh ds kjk cksyk xk dh uqdlku d rjQ

ls gksuk pkfg] tcfd eDds dh Qly esa rks

jSaMe uqdlku gh gksrk gS

3C








bull uqdlku de fy[kk tkrk gS] iwjk uqdlku gksus ds

ckotwn eqvkotk cgqr de feyrk gS

bull eqvkots dh njsa cgqr de gS

4-




bull eDds dh Qly tkuojksa dks vkdfkZr djrh gS

bull igys eDds dh [ksrh ugha gksrh Fkh] vc blds

dkjk taxyh lwvj Tknk geys djrs gSa


111


wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)

bull oUks=ksa ds vanj [kkusampikuh dh deha

bull taxy ds vanj pkjs dh deha gS

bull cjlkr ds ekSle esa oUks=ksa ds vanj ikuh Hkj

tkrk gS

bull xfeZksa ds ekSle esa taxyksa esa ikuh dh deh gks

tkrh gS

4B





bull oUthoksa dh la[k yxkrkj clt+ jgh gS

bull eDds vkSj Qyh dh Qly tkuojksa dks fpdj

yxrh gS

bull taxyksa dk ks=Qy de gksrk tk jgk gS

vfrOslashek

voSk isM+ksa dh dVkbZ

5-









bull mdashfk dkksaZ esa fp iwjh rjg ls [kRe gks tkrh

gS] eu Aringc tkrk gS

bull fdlku iwjh rjg ls Qly ij gh fuHkZj gSa vxj

Qly gh uV gks tkrh rks muds fy [kqn dks

thfor j[kuk eqfdy gks tkrk gS

5A oU thoksa ds ckjs esa yksxksa dh bull blls yksxksa ds vanj oUccedilkfkksa ds fy xqLlk


112





iSnk gks tkrk gS

bull Tknkrj kVukvksa esa tkuoj uqdlku djds Hkkx

tkrs gS] blfy yksxksa ds xqLls dk fkdkj gksus

ls cp tkrs gSa

bull dqN lnLksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd taxyh tkuojksa

dks ekjus dh vuqefr gksuh pkfg

bull lwvj dks rks ekjk gh tk ldrk gS oSls Hkh os ou

foHkkx ds fy fdlh dke ds ugha gSa

5B







bull [ksrksa dh Qsaflax djk nh tks

bull fdlkuks ds chp Qsaflax forjk


gS

bull Qsaflax dh AringapkbZ de ls de 7

k 10 QhV gksuh pkfg

bull tkyh slh gksuh pkfg ftles

djaV u yxkk tk lds

6-







bull lkjh ccedilfOslashk fdlh d foHkkx dks ns fnk tks

6A








bull mUgsa s Hkh ugha irk pyrk gS dh eqvkotk feyk

vFkok ugha] gkiexcl rd dh bl ckjs ds eqvkots ds

ckjs esa gesa vkids kjk gh voxr djkk xk


113

6B







tkuk pkfg

bull lHkh rjg ds uqdlku dks kkfey fdk tkuk

pkfg] pkgs oks yxkrkj gks k jSaMe

6C




bull kfr dk ewYkadu ukidj xkao ds yksxksa dh

mifLFkfr esa fdk tkuk pkfg

bull ewYkadu iapksa dh jk ls Hkh fdk tk ldrk gS


gS

7












uqdlku dk Hkqxrku cktkj njksa ij fdk

tks


7A



pkfg

7B kfriwfrZ iSdst dh ikZIrrk

(Adequacy of the compensation bull Uwure uqdlku ccedilfrkr dks kVkdj 10 ccedilfrkr

fdk tkuk pkfg


114

package) bull eqvkotk ikZIr ugha gS vkSj njksa dks lakksfkr

djds clt+ks tkus fd vkodrk gS

7C VordfkatsDku pktZ (Transaction charge) bull blesa gekjk yxHkx ƒDaggeraringaring is [kpZ gks tkrk gS

tks dh feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs

bull feyuk pkfg Dksafd slh phts gksrh gS

bull vxj feyrk gS rks vPNk gS

7E le ij Hkqxrku (Timely Payment)

bull FkksM+k tYnh feyuk pkfg

bull vfkdre bdquo ekg ls vfkd le ugha yxuk

pkfg

8











bull dqN lnLksa us crkk dh muls rglhy esa ckcw

ds kjk iSls ekaxs x

9







gS

bull ysfdu Qsaflax dk forjk ljdkj ds kjk djkk

tkuk pkfg Dksafd fdlku mldk [kpkZ ogu


115



damage by wildlife)

ugha dj ldrk gS

10







duration)

bull tkyh Qsaflax dk forjk vFkok lfClMh

bull oUccedilkfkksa dh muds ccedilkmdashfrd vkokl esa lhfer

dj fnk tks rkfd os ckgj gh u vk ika

bull rjhds ljdkj ds kjk Loa [kksts tkus pkfg

11









package)

bull ugha] dsoy Aringiexclph okyh tkyh QsaCcedillx dk forjk

djk fnk tks k oUthoksa dks ekjus dh

vuqefr ns nh tks


116

Annexure F Focus Group Discussion Chhatarpur

ftys dk uke amp Nrjiqj ny lnL ds ukeamp vkyksd f=ikBh] kksk lgkd fnukad 24022020

fodkl[kaM dk ukeamp cdLokgk xzke iapkr dk ukeamp xzke dk ukeamp



1





in your area)

bull oUthoksa ls gksus okys Qly uqdlku ls cgqr gh

Tknk ijskku gSa] iwjs bykds esa tkuojksa dk

vkrad QSyk gqvk gS

bull Qly uqdlku dh kVuka geskk ls gksrh jgh gSa]

ij fiNys Daggeramp6 lkyksa esa bues btkQk gqvk gS

bull taxyh lwvj vkSj uhyxk lcls Tknk Qly

uqdlku djrs gSa taxyh lwvj Tknkrj gtqM esa

geyk djrs gSa vkSj Hkxkus ij Hkkxrs Hkh ugha gSa

bull uhyxk Tknkrj fnu esa vkSj lwvj Tknkrj

jkr esa geys djrs gSa

bull vxj d ckj iwjs gtqM us geyk dj fnk rks os

iwjh Qly lkQ dj nsrs gSa

2






loss by wildlife)

bull eqvkotk ccedilfOslashk ftruh gesa tkudkjh gS Bhd gh

gS ysfdu eq[ leLk eqvkotk jkfk dk de

gksuk gS

bull jktLo vkSj ou foHkkx ds kjk d nwljs ds

ikl Hkstk tkrk gS ftlls ijskkuh gksrh gS

bull d ckj vkosnu nsus ds ckn mldh fLFkfr ds

ckjs esa dqN irk ugha pyrk gS] gj lky vkosnu

nsrs gS flQZ blh ckj eqvkotk feyk gS] fiNyh


ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg






117

ckj dk dqN irk ugha pyk

bull flQZ dqN gh yksxksa dk eqvkotk Lohmdashfr gqvk

tcfd vkosnu lcus lkFk esa fnk Fkk

2A





compensation)

bull rglhy esa fyf[kr vkosnu nsuk gksrk gS vkosnu

VkbZfiLV ls VkbZi djkds nsuk gksrk gS

bull vkosnu ds lkFk dqN nLrkost Hkh yxkus gksrs gSa

tSls fd

[kljk dh QksVksdsbquoih]

[ksr dk uDkk]

vsbquouykbu vkosnu dh dsbquoihfrac14yksd lsok dsaaeligfrac12]

Qly uqdlku dh QksVks] bRkfn

2B






(hassle free)

bull ccedilfOslashk Bhd gS ysfdu eq[ leLk eqvkotk

jkfk dk de gksuk gS

bull jktLo vkSj ou foHkkx d nwljs ds ikl Hkstrs

gSa ftlls dHkh dHkh ijskkuh gksrh gS

bull eqvkotk jkfk cgqr nsjh ls feyrh gS] âmpƒbdquo

eghus dk le yx tkrk gS

2C






bull ljdkj dh rjQ ls Qly uqdlku dh kVukvksa

dh vksj ikZIr egraveku ugEgrave fnk tkrk gS

bull dbZ ckj fkdkr djus ds ckn gekjh ckr lquh

tkrh gS

bull iVokjh Bhd ls eqvkuk ugha djrs gSa vkSj

uqdlku dk vkdyu cgqr de djrsa gSa

bull d slk flLVe gksuk pkfg tgkiexcl ij lkjk dke

d gh txg ij gks tks


ou foHkkx dks ns fnk tkuk

pkfg

bull flaxy foaMks flLVe


118

3







wildlife

bull eqvkotk iSdst frac14jkfkfrac12 cgqr gh de feyrh gS

bull okLrfod Qly uqdlku dh HkjikbZ rks cgqr nwj

dh ckr] dsoy cht dk [kpZ Hkh ugha fudyrk

bull eqvkotk iSdst frac14jkfkfrac12 dks

rRdky ccedilHkko ls clt+ks tkus dh

vkodrk gS

3A








the package)

bull bldh tkudkjh ugha gS ysfdu kkn lHkh

Qlysa vkrh gSa

3B




process)

bull ewYkadu ccedilfOslashk rks Bhd gS] iVokjh uqdlku Hkh

lgh crkrs gSa ysfdu eqvkotk mruk ugha feyrk

gS

bull iVokjh ds kjk is esa uqdlku crkk tkrk gS

ysfdu fQj mruk eqvkotk feyrk ugha gS

3C






bull eqvkotk ugha feyrk gS tcfd fkdkr gj ckj

djrsa gSa

bull jktLo vkSj ou foHkkx esa ls dksbZ Hkh ftEesnkjh

ysus dks rSkj ugha gksrk gS

bull ccedilfOslashk d foHkkx dks ns fnk

tk rks csgrj gksxk


119

4-





wildlife)

bull oUks=ks ds vanj oUthoksa dh la[k esa rsth ls

btkQk gks jgk gS

bull Tknkrj oUks= [kqys gSa k mudh ckmaMordfh osbquoy

cgqr NksVh gS ftlds dkjk oUtho ckgj vk

tkrs gSa

4A






destroy crops)


bull mUgsa oUks=ksa esa feyus okys [kkus dh rqyuk esa

Qly Tknk vPNh yxrh gS

4B





bull oUthoksa dh tuliexcl[k o`f)

bull fdlku oUccedilkfkks dks uqdlku ugha igqapk ldrs

ftlds dkjk tkuojksa dk eukscy clt+ xk gS

bull tuliexcl[k fukstu ds mikksa dks

ccedilksx esa ykk tk

bull fdlkuks dks viokn fLFkfrksa esa

tkuojksa dks uqdlku igqiexclpkus dh

NwV

5-












bull fdlh u fdlh ifjokj ds lnL dks [ksr dh

j[kokyh djus dh fy tkuk iM+rk gS

bull cPpks dh fkkk vkSj csfVksa dh kknh ij Hkh

vlj iM+rk gS


120

5A






bull oUthoksa ds Aringij xqLlk vkrk gS ysfdu mudks

uqdlku ugha igqaprs gSa

bull dqN yksx mudks ejuk pkgrsa gS ysfdu l[r

dkuwuh ifjkkeksa ds pyrs os slk ugha djrs gSa

bull g ikq ccedilofUgravek gS vkSj muds vanj legt ugha

gksrh gS

5B







bull foHkkx ds kjk [ksrksa esa yxkus ds fy tkyh


ccedilnku dh tks

bull lfClMh ij Hkh Qsaflax dk ccedilcak fdk tk ldrk

gS

6-







bull eqvkotk ccedildjk fdlh d foHkkx dks ns fnk

tks rks csgrj gS

6A








6B ccedilfOslashk dks vkSj vfkd ccedilHkkoh cukus ds bull eqvkot jkfk dk le ij Hkqxrku fdk tks


121




bull eqvkotk vxyh Qly dh cqokbZ ds igys fey

tkuk pkfg


6C





pkfg


gS

7














bull fdruk Hkh uqdlku gks mlds fy eqvkotk

feyuk pkfg


7A


damage assessment) bull vkdyu Bhd gksrk gS ij eqvkotk vkdyu ds

vuqi ugha feyrk gS


(Adequacy of the compensation bull eqvkotk jkfk bruh gksuh pkfg ftlls Qly

ds uqdlku dh HkjikbZ dh tk lds


122

package)


bull vkosnu djus esa tks [kpkZ vkrk gS vkSj mlds

lkFk tks k=k O gksrk gS lc feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs

bull blds ckjs esa vfkd legt ugha gS ysfdu g d

leLk rks gS vkSj fn blds fy dqN feyrk gS

rks cgqr vPNh ckr gksxh


bull g rks lcls egRoiwkZ ckr gS] fcuk le dk

eqvkotk] u feyus ds cjkcj gh gS

8









bull ugha blesa fdlh ccedildkj dk dksbZ HkzVkpkj ugha

gksrk gS

9






gS


123



wildlife conflict and avoid

crop damage by wildlife)

10







duration)

bull oUks=ksa ds vanj oUthoksa ds fy [kkus vkSj

ihus dh leqfpr OoLFkk

bull [kqys oUks=ksa dh Qsaflax dh tks

bull oUthoksa dh tuliexcl[k dks fuaf=r djus ds

fy mfpr dne mBks tk

11









package)

bull ugha] vkSj dqN ugha gS


124

Annexure G Semi Structured Interviews Burhanpur

Oslash- vfkdkjhdeZpkjh dk uke in vkSj foHkkx kSfkd ksXrk eksckbZy ua-

1- Hkjr flag okldys ou jkd] ou foHkkx ch- bZ- 7999394884

ftys dk uke amp cqjgkuiqj ny lnL ds ukeamp vkyksd dqekj f=ikBh fnukad 18012020


1

Dk fofHkUu ou ks=ksa esa xkiexcloksa dh fudVrk

oUthoksa ds ekuo cfLrksa esa vkokxeu dks

clt+kok nsrk gS vius fopkj ODr djsa (Do

proximity of villages to different forest areas

influence movement of wildlife into human

habitations How to evaluate that)

bull bl ckr ls iwjh rjg ls lger gSa

bull bldk ccedileq[k dkjk flafpr [ksrksa dh

utnhdrk gS ftlds dkjk tkuoj

ikuh ds fy ckgj vk tkrs gSa

bull bldk d vkSj dkjk oUks=ksa esa

clt+rk vfrOslashek Hkh gks ldrk gS

1A

vkidh jk esa slh Dk ifjLFkfrkWa gSa tks

oUthoksa dh ekuo cfLrksa esa vkoktkgh dks

kVkrhclt+kok nsrh gSaA (Elaborate on the

conditions that promotediscourage the

movement of wildlife into human habitation)

bull oUks=ksa ds vanj [kkus dh vuqiyCkrk

bull ikuh dk ladV

2

vkids fopkj esa oUthoksa kjk Qly kfr dh

kVukvkss ds LFkkuh ifjokjksa ij Dk ifjkke gSa

(In your view what are the consequences of

crop damage by wildlife on the local

households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr [kjkc gks tkrh gS


125

2A

fdlku ds thou ij] Qly kfr ds

ccedilRkvccedilRk ccedilHkkoksa ij vkids Dk fopkj gSa

(What are your views on the directindirect

impacts of the crop damage on farmerrsquos life)

bull Tknkrj ccedilRk ccedilHkko gh gSa

bull Qly uqdlku dh kVuka jkf= esa

gksrh gSa blfy fkkk ij dksbZ foksk

ccedilHkko ugha gS

bull LokLF ij vo bldk ccedilHkko iM+rk

gS

2B

oU thoksa kjk Qly gkfu dh kVuka LFkkuh

yksxksa dh oUkizkfkksa ds izfr ekufldrk cnyus

esa Dk Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSa (What role these

incidents play in adversely changing the


bull yksxksa ds vanj oUthoksa ds ccedilfr xqLlk

clt+ tkrk gS

bull tkuojksa dks ekjus ds fy cksyrs gSa

bull ou foHkkx dks cksyrs gSa fd vkids

tkuoj gSa vki bUgs okil ys tkvks

3

oUthoksa kjk Qly kfr ds ekeyksa ds izfr

LFkkuh ccedilkklu dh Dk ccedilfrfOslashk gksrh gS

(What is the response mechanism of the local

administration to handle the cases of crop

damage by wild life)

bull fkdkr vkus ij iVokjh ds lkFk

tkdj fMIVh jsatj laqauml eqvkuk

djrs gSa

bull Tknk uqdlku fy[kus ij dsl Aringij

pyk tkrk gS

3A

oUthoksa kjk Qly kfr dk izdjk rSkj djus

dh ccedilfOslashk Dk gS (What is the procedure to

make a case of crop damage by wildlife)

bull igys uqdlku dk lRkiu

frac14osfjfQdskufrac12 fdk tkrk gS

bull blds ckn uqdlku dk vkdyu djds

iapukek rSkj dj nsrs gS

3B

sls izdjkkas ds fujkdjk esa vkidks fdl ccedildkj

dh leLkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS (What

types of problems do you face in handling

such cases)

bull yksxksa ds kjk uqdlku Tknk fy[kus

ds fy cksyk tkrk gS


126

3C

vki oUthoksa ds kjk Qly kfr ds f[kykQ

ekuo ccedilfrkksk dh kVukvksa ls dSls fuiVrs gSa

(How do you tackle incidents of human

retaliation against wildlife post crop damage

by villagers)

bull slh kVuka cgqr jsj (Rare) gS

bull ccedildjk ntZ djrs gSa

bull uqdlku igqiexclpkus vkSj xksyh ekjus okyksa

ds fo) dBksj djokbZ dh tkrh gS

4-

oUthoksa ds lkFk Qly kfr ds ekeyksa dks gy

djuslacksfkr djus esa fgrkkjdksa frac14jktLo vkSj

ou foHkkxfrac12 dh cgqyrk ij vkidk Dk fopkj gS

What is your view on multiplicity of the

stakeholders (Revenue and Forest

Department) in resolvingaddressing the

cases of crop damage by wildlife

bull foHkkxksa dh cgqyrk d leLk gS

bull laidZ dk igyk fcanq (First point of

contact) ou foHkkx gh gksrk gS]

iVokjh Tknkrj Šampƒaring fnu esa vkrk

gS

bull blds dkjk yksxksa ls erHksn gksrk gS

4A

Dk fgrkkjdksa dh cgqyrk ds dkjk dksbZ nsjh gqbZ

gS (Is there any delay due to the multiplicity

of stakeholders) bull gkiexcl blds dkjk nsjh gksrh gS

4B

blds dkjk yksxksa dks fdl ccedildkj dh dfBukbksa

dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS (What types of

difficulties are faced by people due to this) bull blds dkjk le vofk clt+ tkrh gS

4C

Dk bl rjg dh cgqyrk ds dkjk dHkh dksbZ

lakkZ dh fLFkfr iSnk gqbZ gS foLrkj ls crkaA

Has there ever been any conflict situation

due to such multiplicity (Elaborate)

bull lkFk esa eqvkuk (Joint Inspection)

gksrk gS blfy lakkZ dh fLFkfr ugha

curh


127

4D

Dk vki bls vkSj vfkd ljy cukus ds fy

ccedilfOslashk esa dksbZ cnyko lqgtkrs gSa (Do you

suggest any changes in the procedure for

making it more simplified)

bull oUccedilkfkksa ls Qly uqdlku ds

ccedildjk ou foHkkx dks ns fn tkus

pkfg

5

fdlkuksa kjk Qly uqdlku dh kVukvksa ls cpus

ds fy ccedilHkkoh vYidkfyd jkuhfrkiexcl Dk gS

(What are the effective short term mitigation

strategies that could be used by the farmers to

avoid the incidence of crop raiding)

bull jkr esa j[kokyh

bull ccedildkk

bull iVk[ks

bull ltksy uxkM+s

bull okj Qsaflax

5A

slk djus esa foHkkx kjk Dk lgkrk ccedilnku dh

tk ldrh gS (What assistance could be

provided by the department in doing so)

bull foHkkx ds kjk Qsaflax dk forjk

djokk tk ldrk gS ysfdu g Hkh

mruk ccedilHkkoh ugha gS

6

Dk Qly gkfu ds uqdlku dh HkjikbZ ccedilfOslashk esa

dksbZ HkzVkpkj gS fn gkiexcl] rks iwjh ccedilfOslashk dks

HkzVkpkj eqDr cukus gsrq Dk fdk tk ldrk gS

(Is there any corruption in the whole process

of loss compensation If yes what can be

done in order to avoid corruption in the

whole procedure)

bull ugha blds ckjs esa dksbZ tkudkjh ugha

gS

bull iVokjh gesa Qkby ugha fn[kkrs

7

yach vofk esa ekuo oUtho lakkZ dh kVukvksa

dks kVkusde djus ds fy Dk jkuhfrkiexcl

viukbZ tk ldrh gS (What strategies can be

adopted to mitigatereduce incidents of

bull ckcsZM okj Qsaflax (Barbed wire

fencing) dk miksx fdk tk ldrk

gS


128

human wildlife conflict in longer duration)

7A

ikdZ ds ckgj oUthoksa dh vkoktkgh dks jksdus ds

fy ikdZou ccedilkfkdkfjksa kjk Dk

mikrjhds viuks tk ldrsa gS (What

prevention measure can be adopted by

parkforest authorities to prevent wildlife

movement outside the park)

bull oUks=ksa ds vanj pjkxkgksa dh deha gS

vkSj cuoks tkus pkfg

bull dqaM rkykc cuoks x gSa ij mues

ikuh cuk jgs bldk ku j[ks tkus

dh tjr gS

bull oUks=ksa ls vfrOslashek gVkk

tkuk pkfg

8

vkids fopkj esa oUthoksa kjk Qly kfr ds

ekeyksa ds izcaku gsrq JFMC dh Dk Hkwfedk gks

ldrh gS (In your view what could be the role

of JFMCs in avoiding the cases of crop

damage by the wildlife)

bull eq[ leLk g gS dh oUxzkeksa ds

vkfnoklh ou vfkdkj lfefr ds

vykok vkSj fdlh lfefr dks ugha

ekurs

bull blds ckjs esa vfkd tkudkjh

ugha gS ysfdu buds eke ls

dke fdk tk ldrk gS

9

vkidh jk esa oUizkfkksa kjk Qly uqdlku dh

kVukvksa dks n`fVxr j[krs gq oUtho lajkk ds

ckjs esa yksxksa dks tkxd djus ds fy Dk fdk

tk ldrk gS (In your opinion what else can

be done to sensitize people about wildlife

conservation in background of such incidents

of crop raiding

bull yksxksa dks ekSf[kd i ls tk tk dj

legtrs gSa tksfd dkjxj gS

bull j[kokyh] vkx tykus rFkk vU lqjkk

mikksa dk miksx djus ds fy cksyrs

gSa


129

Annexure H Semi Structured Interviews Chhindwara 1


1- nsosUaelig lksuh ccedilHkkjh jsat vsbquofQlj] ou foHkkx eSfVordfd 9424770982

ftys dk uke amp fNanokM+k ny lnL ds ukeamp vkyksd dqekj f=ikBh fnukad 07022020


1


oUthoksa ds ekuo cfaLrksa esa vkokxeu dks





bull lger gSa

bull vxj taxy xkao ds ikl gksxk rks

fufpr i ls oUthoksa dk vkokxeu

Tknk gksxk

1A






bull yksxksa dk oUks=ksa ds vanj vkokxeu

bull oUccedilkfkksa dks kkl dh rqyuk esa


bull Tknkrj oUks= [kqys gSa vkSj mues

Qsaflax vuqifLFkr gSa

2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr detksj gks tkrh gS


130

2A





bull ccedilRk ccedilHkko gh gSa] vccedilRk ccedilHkko dqN

[kkl ugha gSa

2B






bull yksxksa ds vanj oUccedilkfkksa ds fy

ccedilfrkksk dh Hkkouk vk tkrh gS

bull dqN LFkkuksa ij tgj nsus dh kVuka

Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa

3






bull ge yksxks dks legtkrs gS rFkk mUgsa

fuekuqlkj vkosnu djus ds fy

cksyrs gSa

bull leLk g gS dh yksx ou foHkkx ds

ikl vkrs gS

3A




bull rglhy vkSj yksd lsok dsaaelig esa vkosnu

nsuk gksrk gS

bull iVokjh eqvkuk djds vkxs dh

dkjokbZ ds fy Hkst nsrs gS

3B




such cases)

bull jktLo foHkkx ds kjk Hkh gekjs ikl

Hkstk tkrk gS tcfd gekjh blesa dksbZ

Hkwfedk ugha gS

bull yksx legtrs ugha vkSj cksyrs gSa dh s

vkidk gh dke gS Dksafd tkuoj

vkids gSa


131

3C





by villagers)

bull yksxksa dks legtkrs gSa

4-








bull foHkkxksa dh cgqyrk leLk gS

bull bls jktLo foHkkx dks ns fnk

tkuk pkfg Dksafd muds ikl

bldh legt Vordfsfuax gksrh gS

tcfd ou foHkkx dks bl ckjs

esa Tknk Kku ugha gS

4A



of stakeholders)

bull gkiexcl nsjh gksrh gS Dksafd iVokjh cgqr

ckj mUgravekj gh ugha nsrs

4B



difficulties are faced by people due to this)

bull yksxksa dks ckj ckj nksuksa foHkkxksa ds

pDdj yxkus iM+rs gSa

4C





bull ugha] ysfdu dbZ ckj iVokjh ou

foHkkx ls fdlh dks cqykrs gh ugha gS

vkSj vdsys eqvkuk dj ysrs gS


132

4D





bull ugha] ccedilfOslashk Bhd gS dsoy dM+s funsZkksa

vkSj muds vuqikyu dh vkodrk gS

5






bull yksx [ksrksa esa vaxkjs tyk dj j[krs gSa

bull iVk[ks QksM+rs gSa

bull Qsaflax dk miksx djrs gSa

5A




bull ou foHkkx kjk Qsaflax k mlds fy

lfClMh nh tk ldrh gS

6







whole procedure)


gS

bull iVokjh dh rjQ ls gks ldrk gS

7





bull ikuh dh OoLFkk

bull pkjkxkgksa dh OoLFkk


133


7A







bull ikuh vkSj [kkuk dk ikZIr ccedilcak

8






bull tkxdrk cltk+us esa ksxnku ns ldrs

gSa

bull vHkh s lfefrka fkfFky gSa Dksafd

bues iSls dh deha gS

9







of crop raiding

bull tkxdrk clt+us ds fy JFMC vkSj

BMC ksxnku ns ldrs gSa


134

Annexure I Semi Structured Interviews Chhindwara 2


1- lkfgy xxZ Mh-Q-vks-] ou foHkkx vkbZ- Q- l- 9424791621



1







bull lgefr j[krs gSa

bull cQj ks=ksa esa fufpr i ls oUthoksa

dk vkokxeu Tknk gksrk gS

1A






bull pwiexclfd oUks=ksa dh Qsaflax ugha dh xbZ

gS blfy oUccedilkkh [kqys i ls

vkokxeu djrs gSa

bull taxyh lwvj ds fy Qlysa d

vklku Hkkstu gksrk gS

2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr

bull vkOslashksk clt+ tkrk gS


135

2A





bull nksuksa rjg ds ccedilHkko gSa

2B






bull tgj nsus tSlh kVuka gksrh gSa

3






bull vkosnu djus ds fy cksyrs gSa

3A




bull ou foHkkx dk dke dsoy lRkiu dk

gS fd Qly uqdlku oUccedilkkh ls gh

gqvk gS

3B




such cases)

bull ugha dksbZ leLk ugha gS Dksafd blesa

jktLo foHkkx gh Tknk Hkwfedk esa gS

3C vki oUthoksa ds kjk Qly kfr ds f[kykQ bull lfefrksa ds eke ls legtkrs gSa


136




by villagers)

4-








bull ou foHkkx dh Tknk Hkwfedk ugha gS

4A



of stakeholders) bull gekjh rjQ ls dksbZ nsjh ugha gksrh gS

4B




bull tkudkjh ugha gS] jktLo vkSj fdlku

Tknk vPNs ls crk ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha

4D Dk vki bls vkSj vfkd ljy cukus ds fy bull iwjk ccedildjk ou foHkkx dks ns fnk


137




tks

bull jktLo dks Hkh fnk tk ldrk gS

5






bull Qsaflax dk miksx

5A




bull ou foHkkx kjk Qsaflax ds fy


6







whole procedure)

bull tkudkjh ugha gS

7





bull Qsaflax


138


7A







bull Qsaflax

8






bull tkxdrk ds fy

bull budks laidZ dk igyk fcanq (First

point of contact) cukk tk ldrk gS

bull ccedilfrkksk dh kVukvksa dks jksdus esa

9







of crop raiding

bull lfefrksa dk miksx


139

Annexure J Semi Structured Interviews Chhindwara 3


1- [kqkcw ekyoh rglhynkj] jktLo foHkkx BSc 8871901482



1







bull fufpr i ls blds dkjk Qly

uqdlku dh kVukvksa dh la[k clt+

tkrh gS

1A






bull blds ihNs dksbZ foksk dkjk ugha gS

2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku

bull foksk i ls eDds dk uqdlku

bull j[kokyh djuk can dj nsrs gSa


140

2A





bull blds ckjs esa vfkd tkudkjh ugha gS

ysfdu nksuksa rjg ds ccedilHkko iM+rs gSa

2B






bull oUccedilkfkksa dks uqdlku igqapus tSlh

kVuka gks ldrh gSa

bull ou foHkkx Tknk vPNk mUgravekj ns

ldrk gS

3







3A




bull vkosnu

bull laqauml eqvkuk

bull chV xsbquoMZ laqauml eqvkus ds fy ugha

tkrs gSa

3B




such cases)

bull yksx eqvkus ds oauml vkdyu ls

lgefr ugha j[krs gSa

bull blds dkjk leLkavks dk lkeuk

djuk iM+rk gS


141

3C





by villagers)

bull blesa gekjh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha gS

4-








bull d foHkkx dks ns fnk tkuk pkfg

bull ou foHkkx dks ns fnk tks rks vPNk

gS

4A



of stakeholders) bull gkiexcl blds dkjk dbZ ckj nsjh gksrh gS

4B




bull gkiexcl yksxksa dks gh eq[ i ls

dfBukbksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSa

4C





bull blds ckjs esa tkudkjh ugha gS


142

4D





bull lhks vkosnu Tknk lqyHk jgsxk frac14yksd

lsok dsaaelig dh rqyuk esafrac12

bull nks foHkkxksa ds jksy dks [kRe ugha fdk

tk ldrk] gkiexcl rkfd fd mdashfk foHkkx

dk Hkh blesa jksy gS Dksafd tehu dk

ccedildkj ogh crk ldrs gSa

5






bull ou foHkkx kjk crkk tkuk pkfg

5A




bull ou foHkkx bl ckjs esa Tknk vPNs ls

crk ldrk gS

6







whole procedure)

bull ugha dksbZ HkzVkpkj ugha gS

7






143



7A








8







9







of crop raiding


crk ldrk gS


144

Annexure K Semi Structured Interviews Chhatarpur 1


1- ftrsaaelig dkSfkd iVokjh] jktLo foHkkx BSc 9685440586

ftys dk uke amp Nrjiqj ny lnL ds ukeamp vkyksd dqekj f=ikBh fnukad 26022020


1







bull gkiexcl blds dkjk Qly ds uqdlku dh

kVuka Tknk gksrh gSa

1A






bull oUks=ksa ds vanj [kkus vkSj ikuh dh

deha

bull [kqys oUks= frac14Tknkrjfrac12

2





households)

bull mdashfk dkksaZ esa fp [kRe gks tkuk

bull mdashfk _k dk le ij Hkqxrku u dj

ikuk

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


145

2A





bull ccedilRk vkfFkZd uqdlku

bull vccedilRk uqdlku tSls fp dk [kRe

gks tkuk

2B






bull yksx oUccedilkkh dks tku ls ej Mkyuk

pkgrs gSa

bull os blds fy vuqefr Hkh pkgrs gSa

3






bull rglhy esa vkosnu gksrk gS

bull rglhy ls vkosnu vkus ij ccedilfOslashk ds

varxZr djokbZ djrs gSa

3A




bull Qly gkfu dk lRkiu djuk

bull Qly kfr dk vkdyu dj ccedildjk

rSkj djuk

3B




such cases)

bull dksbZ leLk ugha gS

bull kfr dk vkdyu Lovkdyu ds vkkkj

ij yksxksa ds lkeus gh dj nsrs gSa

3C vki oUthoksa ds kjk Qly kfr ds f[kykQ bull ou foHkkx bu kVukvksa ls fuiVrk gS


146




by villagers)

4-








bull laqauml eqvkuk ugha gksrk gS

bull ge flQZ viuk dke djrs gSa

bull ou foHkkx ls leUo djuk

rglhynkj dk dke gS

4A



of stakeholders) bull ugha

4B



difficulties are faced by people due to this) bull ugha] dksbZ dfBukbZZ ugha gS

4C





bull ugha

4D Dk vki bls vkSj vfkd ljy cukus ds fy bull ugha ccedilfOslashk miqauml gS


147




5






bull tkyh Qsaflax

5A



provided by the department in doing so) bull lfClMh nh tk ldrh gS

6







whole procedure)

bull ugha

7





bull tkxdrk vfHkku vkSj jksdFkke ds

mikksa dk miksx


148


7A







bull oUks=ksa dh Qsaflax

bull [kkus vkSj ihus dh leqfpr OoLFkk

8






bull ou foHkkx crk ldrk gS

9







of crop raiding

bull tkxd gS Dksafd blds l[r dkuwuh

ifjkke gks ldrs gSa

bull eqvkotk forjk kVukvksa dks de

djus vkSj ekufldrk cnyus esa enn

djrk gS


149

Annexure L Semi Structured Interviews Chhatarpur 2


1- l- ds- lpku jsatj] ou foHkkx baVjehfMV 9424791083



1







bull gkiexcl tj] veweu oUks=ksa ls yxs xzkeksa

esa ccedilosk djuk oUccedilkfkksa ds fy

vklku gksrk gS

bull oUks=ksa ds ks=Qy esa deha frac14cM+h

la[k esa tkuoj d NksVs ks= esa

lhfer gSafrac12

1A






bull oUccedilkfkksa dh tuliexcl[k esa o`f)

frac14tula[k ij dksbZ fua=k ughafrac12

bull tSo fofofkrk esa vlarqyu

2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


150

2A





bull ccedilRk uqdlku gh gSa

bull Tknk eqvkotk nsus ls yksxks ds

vanj eqvkots ds fy ykyp vk

tkrk gS vkSj os [ksrksa dh

j[kokyh djuk can dj nsrs gSa

2B






bull Qans yxkrs gSa

bull oUccedilkfkksa dks uqdlku igqapkrs gSa

3






bull ccedildjk rSkj dj tkiexclp ds fy Hkstrs

gSa

3A




bull jktLo foHkkx ds ikl rglhy Hkstrs

gSa

3B




such cases)

bull ou foHkkx dh blesa dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha

gS fQj Hkh yksx gekjs ikl vkrs gSa

3C vki oUthoksa ds kjk Qly kfr ds f[kykQ bull ccedildjk rSkj djrs gSa


151




by villagers)

4-









bull fdlh d foHkkx dks ns fnk tkuk

pkfg

bull jktLo foHkkx dks ns fnk tks

Dksafd jktLo xzkeksa dh la[k

Tknk gS vkSj uki tks[k djuk

mudk jkst dk dke gS

bull ou foHkkx dks fnk tks rks

iwjh rjg ls fnk tks

4A



of stakeholders) bull gekjha rjQ ls dksbZ nsjh ugha gqbZ gS

4B




bull bl ckjs esa yksx Tknk vPNs ls crk

ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha

4D Dk vki bls vkSj vfkd ljy cukus ds fy bull ccedilfOslashk Bhd gS


152




5







bull okj Qsaflax

bull ccedildkk vkSj iVk[ks

5A



provided by the department in doing so) bull Qsaflax forjk

6







whole procedure)

bull ugha bl ckjs esa tkudkjh ugha gS

7





bull oUccedilkfkksa dh tuliexcl[k fua=k


153


7A







bull oUks=ksa ds vanj ls vfrOslashek dk

gVkk tkuk

8






bull yksxksa dks tkxd djus esa Hkwfedk

fuHkk ldrs gSa

9







of crop raiding

bull blds fy dkuwuh ra= dk gksuk cgqr

egRoiwkZ gS


154

Annexure M Existing Application Format

वरतमान आवदन-पतर

आवदन-पतर

(46) वनय पराणिय ो स फसल हाणन का भगरान राजसव एवो वन गराम ो म

आवदक का नाम

=== णहरगराही का आधार नमबर ===

पितािपत का नाम

पिला

तहसील

गराम

खसरा न Max Length 150 characters

वनय-परापिय स हई हापन का ििण बयौरा Max Length 120 characters

अनय पववरि Max Length 180 characters

णदनाोक (हसताकषर)

सथान आवदक का नाम

Source httpmpedistrictgovin


155

Annexure N Proposed Application Format

परसताणवर आवदन-पतर

वनय पराणिय ो स फसल हाणन हर राहर राणि का भगरान


1 आवदक का नाम

2 आवदक क माता या पिता का नाम

3 आवदक का िरा िता

4 आवदक की उमर (वरषो म)

5 आवदन दन की पदनाक (DDMMYYYY)

6 आवदन दन का समय

7 आवदक का म बाइल फ न न

8 फसल हापन पदनाक (DDMMYYYY)

9 फसल हापन का समय

10 फसल हापन हए खत का खसरा नबर

11 गराम का नाम िहाा फसल हापन घटना घटी

12 िचायत का नाम िहाा फसल हापन घटना घटी

13 वन िररकषतर वनमणडल का नाम िहाा फसल हापन घटना घटी

14 पिला िहाा फसल हापन घटना घटी

15 फसल हापन म शापमल वनयपरािी का परकार

16 फसल हापन हई फसल का नाम परकार

17 खत म फ पसग बाड़बदी उिसथित (हाा नही )

20 बक का नाम

21 बक की बाच का पववरि

22 बक खाता कर

23 बक की बाच का IFSC क ड

24 म अिन परमाि-ितर क अिन पडपिटल लॉकर म रखन की

सहमपत परदान करता हा (असहमपत क पलय अनपटक कर )

(यह सहमपतअसहमपत आवदक स िछ कर आवशयक रि स

अिडट की िाय)

पदनाक

थिान

(हसताकषर)



156

References

Anand S amp Radhakrishna S (2017) Investigating trends in human-wildlife conflict is conflict escalation

real or imagined Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 154-161

Anthony B amp Jolly W (2009) Human-wildlife conflict study report Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve

Malawi Budapest Hungary Central European University

Bayani A T D (2016) Assessment of Crop Damage by Protected Wild Mammalian Herbivores on the

Western Boundary of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) Central India PLos One vol 11(4)

Bulte E H amp Rondeau D (2005) Research and Management Viewpoint Why Compensating Wildlife

damages may be bad for Conservation Journal of Wildlife Management 69(1) 14-19

Dickman A Marchini S amp Manfredo M (2013) The human dimension in addressing conflict with large

carnivores Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2 110-126

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (nd) Human-Wildlife Conflict Retrieved

September 11 2019 from httpwwwhwctforgabout

Karanth K K amp Kudalkar S (2017) History Location and Species Matter Insights for HumanndashWildlife

Conflict Mitigation From India Human Dimensions of Wildlife 331-346

Karanth K K Gopalswamy A M Prasad P K amp Dasgupta S (2013) Patterns of humanndashwildlife

conflicts and compensation Insights from Western Ghats protected areas Biological Conservation

175-185

Karanth K K Gupta S amp Vanamamalai A (2018) Compensation payments procedures and policies

towards human-wildlife conflict management Insights from India Biological Conservation 383-

389

Klemm C d (1996) Compensation for Damage Caused by Wild Animals (Vols Nature and Environment

No 84) Strasbourg Council of Europe

Madden F M (2008) The Growing Conflict Between Humans and Wildlife Law and Policy as Contributing

and Mitigating Factors Journal of International Wildlife Law amp Policy 189-206


157

Mehta P Negi A Chaudhary R Janjhua Y amp Thakur P (2018) A Study on managing crop damage

by wild animals in Himachal Pradesh International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6438-6442

Morrison K Victurine R amp Mishra C (2009) Lessons Learned Opportunities and Innovations in Human

Wildlife Conflict Compensation and Insurance Schemes New York Wildlife Conservation Society

Mukeka J M Ogutuc J O Kangad E amp Roslashskaft E (2019) Human-wildlife conflicts and their

correlates in Narok County Kenya Global Ecology and Conservation

Watve Milindlowast P K (2015) Atheoretical model of community operated compensation scheme for crop

damage by wild herbivores Global and Ecology Conservation 58-70

Watve M Patel K Bayani A amp Patil P (2016) A theoretical model of community operated

compensation scheme for crop damage by wild herbivores Global Ecology and Conservation 58-

70

Wildlife Institute of India Dehradun (2016) Status and Distribution of Major Mammalian Fauna in the State

of Madhya Pradesh Final Report 2016 Bhopal Madhya Pradesh Forest Department


i

Guidance

Shri Mangesh Kumar Tyagi Principal Advisor

Centre for NRM amp Decentralized Governance

Project Team

Gaurav Khare Advisor Centre for NRM amp Decentralized Governance

Project Coordinator

Alok Tripathi Research Associate


ii

Table of Contents



List of Tables ix

Acronyms x



11 Background 1

















22 Sample design 8


231 Burhanpur 9

232 Chhindwara 10

233 Chhatarpur 11

24 Data Analysis 12



iii


311 Definitions 13


















391 Concept 25














iv



4111 Sample Size 29







b Age profile 32
























v








Interviews 50



























vi

























categories 90


91








vii







References 156


viii

List of Figures












ix

List of Tables





21








x

Acronyms


PAs Protected Areas



LSK Lok Seva Kendra


xi

Executive Summary


























compensation


xii


and rates



conflict



























xiii





7 Key Findings




than previously







3684












xiv









loss













department





xv


























assessment




1


11 Background




2016)










Milindlowast 2015)













2






























3




















officers








4




















compensation


rates





5














6























only)





7































8







22 Sample design









= 57 81758 1 + 5781758 x (005)2

= 57 81758 1445539

= 399 say 400











9













respectively









231 Burhanpur









10













232 Chhindwara


















11


etc







233 Chhatarpur





















12

24 Data Analysis






data received


13
















311 Definitions



understanding




Nature (IUCN))




14


















33 Type of Damages









15













Property loss




Lower Attendance

Food Insecurity







Quality of life

Livelihood

Source Author






physical boundary

fences


16

thorn bushes

shrub planting

ditches









361 Global Scenario

















17











362 Indian Scenario













conflict






18










363 Madhya Pradesh







19


















Notified

Service

Documents to be

attached along with

the Application

Name of

the

designate

d officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time

limit

fixed for

disposal

of first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of relief

amount

for loss

of life

from

wild

animals

Copy of FIR Police

Report


of death (Doctor

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 3

working

days

For rural

area - 3

working

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors


20

Certificate

Panchnama)

Post Mortem Report

Successor

certificate

(Certificate of

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body)

days

Payment

of relief

amount

for

human

injury

from

wild

animals

Certificate or

Panchnama issued

by Doctor Sarpanch

Panchayat

Secretary Local

Body


the treatment

In the event of



a competent medical

practitioner

(Check it only for


related cases)

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 7

working

days

For rural

area - 7

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Payment

of relief

for

animal

loss

from

wild

animals

Receipt of written

information to the

concerned forest


48 hours regarding

the incident

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 30

working

days

For rural

area - 30

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

30

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors





21















Notified

Service

Documents

to be

attached

along with

the

Application

Name of the

designated officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of crop

loss from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

No

document is

required for

this service

Cases up to Rs

30000 cases

Tehsildar

Additional

Tehsildar Naib

Tehsildar ( in

their respective

jurisdiction)

As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Subdivisional

Officer

Revenue As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Collector

Cases up to Rs

50000

Subdivisional

Officer Revenue


commission

er

Cases up to Rs

2 lakhs Collector

Divisional

commissioner

Secretary

Revenue



22




as follows-







Guarantee Act





with the reason


as follows-










software


23












signature













working days







24






















financial aid






25








(Klemm 1996)

391 Concept













2013)






26



























27






























28



for these changes












guidelines







29

38

4

25

9

3

3

8

4

1

3

3

2

1

-5

5

15

25

35

45

55







diagrams etc










4111 Sample Size













un-approachable


30






4112 Area Profile












area











263

8158

1579

Type of Area



31












166711 16502016

705560

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000


Average Distance

1704

8

2324

3830

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Average Distance


32

263

2368

2368

5000

18-30 30-40 40-50 gt50

436

344

435482

7368

100

726667

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


0

1

2

3

4

5

6
























acre

b Age profile





years


33

7632

2368

Literacy

Literate Illitearte

















of the society




8947

1053

Gender

Male Female

2368

4737

2368

526


General

OBC

SC

ST


34




















1579

42111842

1579

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

1842

4211

2368

789

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

5000

5000

Income Category

APL BPL


35








extent




activities










activities








6923

513

256

2051

256

3077

Agriculture Only







36


















9537

33067

11614

9225

13939

20350

760010000

5700

35034

6665

10000

17700

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000




37






















-008

20242

16009

29217

14165

-7021

1513

38000

1631615404

9805

35000

6949

-10000

-5000

000

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000



38

2145

275

182

2778

0

5

10

15

20

25

30



4116 Crop Raiding






every month




reported per month

















4737

4737

789

7105

3421

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80





39












responses








4474

7368

789

2368

263789

3684

1842 1842

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


2895

100

2105 21051579

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100




40

8947

1053


Yes No










effective at all

9211

789000




41










421

7368

2895

6316

789

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




42













132

232

342308

487

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





43






compensation















and Lok Seva Kendra





421 cases



5263

3684

5260

1316

0

20

40

60

80

100




421

8421

0 263 00

20

40

60

80

100



44










with 6053 responses







6053

2895

1316

421

0

23682632

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70





6579

3421


Yes No


45





























255 605 692

19908 20845





Total Time

4864334

12658

7816 6447

2771





Other Total


46
















well











officer Patwari

3158

6316

263

1316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80






No One

Others

789

9737

0102030405060708090

100






No One

Others


47

















respectively











17

22

14

21

0

5

10

15

20

25




48















the best option











b Rating of Impacts




6842

789

1316

526

263263

3158

No

Yes



Kill the Animal

Taking No Action

Other


49
























50




















C










51










fencings













can be continued





bull Timely payment



52





season


























53































54




farmer -



to go)rdquo





all











follows








55





























groups at night


56



























consequences




57



























58




Crop Raiding

Existing scenario





Main causes





Impacts of Crop

Raiding






59











Compensation

Procedure

Existing Procedure











60




Existing Package




















61




Suggestion










62
















reference













trapping of animals


63















it should be given




given in fullrdquo








64














of people













2018-19


65
















66





Application days




Assessing Officer



Sanctioning Officer



(from incident)






Note




67

Glossary of Terms












Insights from India







68



Andhra Pradesh





Arunachal Pradesh
















69















Gujarat No Policy

Haryana No Policy

Himachal Pradesh

No Policy

Jammu and Kashmir

No Policy


70



$1495)



Madhya Pradesh



71




















per hectare


72








Manipur No Policy



Nagaland No Policy



Rajasthan No Policy






73














Insights from India









74






75








Sr

No

Category of Land

holder Farmer

based on total

agricultural land

held

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount


of more than 50

percent

1

Small and marginal

farmers - farmers

land holders



5000 - (Rs Five



8000 - (Rs Eight



16000 - (Rs Sixteen




76

land from 0 hectare

to 2 hectare

9000 - (Rs Nine


15000 - (Rs Fifteen


30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

9000 - (Rs Nine


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 15000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 20000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 26000 -

(Rs Twenty Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare

___



crop Rs 6000 - (Rs

Six thousand) per


Rs 7500 - (Rs

Seven thousand five



crop Rs 12000 -


per hectare and For

Coral Rs 15000 -



77


2

Farmers different

from small and

marginal farmers -

farmers land

holders holding

more than 2

hectares of

agricultural land


4500 - (Rs Four


per hectare


6800 - (Rs Six

thousand eight





per hectare


6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare




per hectare


27000 - (Rs Twenty

Seven thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 12000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 14000 -

(Rs Fourteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare



78































79












descriptions







false claims





80
























(d))


81














annexure N)


82














SDO (Forest)




damage assessment





Guard







83


























84






Notified

Service

Name of the

designated

officer

Deadline to

provide

services

Designation

of the First

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first appeal

Designation

of the Second

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

second

appeal

Payment

of crop

loss

from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

Cases up to

50

damage

Forest Beat

Guard

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Forest Range

Officer

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Sub Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working days

from the date

of receipt of

application

Cases with

more than

50

damage

Forest

Range

officer

Sub

Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

District

Divisional

Forest Officer

(DFO)













85



compensation











applications















86







options include



















87










d HDPE net fencing





















88

c Cactus as fencing





























89































90







2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



91



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


Note





92






1





in your area)












2






loss by wildlife)



d gh ckj feyk gS






cckZnh gksrh gS


ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg








93

2A





compensation)




2B






(hassle free)







2C












tkuk pkfg


csgrj gS

3







wildlife


de gksrh gS



vkodrk gS


94

3A








the package)


iSdst esa kkfey gSa






pkfg

3B




process)


tkrk gS






fdk tkuk pkfg



3C









feyrk gS



csgrj gS

4-








95

wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)


4B






gksuk k lw[k tkuk





psdMSEl cuks tks




5-
















Qly dk gksrk gS





lykg dh vkodrk gS

5A








96





5B









ccedilnku dh tks




6-








6A










6B











Fkhfrac12


97

6C





pkfg


pkfg


gS

7












fdk tks



tks





7A



pkfg

7B



package)






gS




98





8











9







damage by wildlife)



gS

10







OoLFkk


tks





99



duration)

cukbZ tks

11









package)





fnk tks


100






1





in your area)









eku pqds gSa

2






loss by wildlife)





dh Hkwfedk gS










rks Bhd jgsxk


101

2A





compensation)






VkbZIM vkosnu

LVkEi isij



2B






(hassle free)






ikl Hkstrs gSa

2C










tkuk pkfg

3









vkodrk gS


102


wildlife

3A








the package)




ugha djkk xk gS



pkfg


dh tjr gS

3B




process)


jkfk gh de feyrh gS







pkfg

3C









feyuk







jgh gS


103



wildlife)



crkk

4A






destroy crops)



rjg gh gS




eqyke gksrh gS

4B















gqvk gS



fLFkfr cuh jgs

5-







tkrk gS





104





Hkh enn fey tkrh gS

5A









nsa



5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-











6A









tks


105



6B







tkuk pkfg


6C







pkfg


pkfg



gS

7




















106

7A



pkfg

7B



package)






OoLFkk fd tkuh pkfg



rks vPNh ckr gS



8











9






gS


107




damage by wildlife)



vlQy jgrh gS

10







duration)



11









package)




108






1





in your area)











2






loss by wildlife)


vyx Fkh









109

2A





compensation)



gS

2B






(hassle free)




2C









3







wildlife




clt+kk tkuk pkfg


110

3A








the package)








dh tjr gS

3B




process)




ugha nh tkrh gS




3C











4-








111


wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)




tkrk gS


tkrh gS

4B







yxrh gS


vfrOslashek


5-
















112





iSnk gks tkrk gS



ls cp tkrs gSa





5B










gS


k 10 QhV gksuh pkfg


djaV u yxkk tk lds

6-








6A












113

6B







tkuk pkfg



6C








gS

7













tks


7A



pkfg



fdk tkuk pkfg


114




tks dh feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs






pkfg

8












ds kjk iSls ekaxs x

9







gS




115



damage by wildlife)

ugha dj ldrk gS

10







duration)





11









package)



vuqefr ns nh tks


116






1





in your area)



vkrad QSyk gqvk gS










2






loss by wildlife)



gksuk gS







ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg






117




2A





compensation)




tSls fd


[ksr dk uDkk]



2B






(hassle free)


jkfk dk de gksuk gS





2C









tkrh gS




d gh txg ij gks tks



pkfg



118

3







wildlife






vkodrk gS

3A








the package)


Qlysa vkrh gSa

3B




process)



gS



3C







djrsa gSa




tk rks csgrj gksxk


119

4-





wildlife)


btkQk gks jgk gS



tkrs gSa

4A






destroy crops)




4B












NwV

5-















vlj iM+rk gS


120

5A











gksrh gS

5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-








tks rks csgrj gS

6A










121





tkuk pkfg


6C





pkfg


gS

7















feyuk pkfg


7A



vuqi ugha feyrk gS





122

package)





and Cultural Costs







8










gksrk gS

9






gS


123





10







duration)





fy mfpr dne mBks tk

11









package)



124






1













1A







bull ikuh dk ladV

2





households)



125

2A








ccedilHkko ugha gS


gS

2B







clt+ tkrk gS




3








djrs gSa


pyk tkrk gS

3A








3B




such cases)


ds fy cksyk tkrk gS


126

3C





by villagers)





4-












gS


4A




4B




4C







curh


127

4D







pkfg

5







bull ccedildkk

bull iVk[ks

bull ltksy uxkM+s

bull okj Qsaflax

5A







6







whole procedure)


gS


7







gS


128


7A











dh tjr gS


tkuk pkfg

8









ekurs



dke fdk tk ldrk gS

9







of crop raiding





gSa


129






1







bull lger gSa



Tknk gksxk

1A











2





households)



130

2A






[kkl ugha gSa

2B









Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa

3








cksyrs gSa


ikl vkrs gS

3A





nsuk gksrk gS



3B




such cases)



Hkwfedk ugha gS



vkids gSa


131

3C





by villagers)


4-














4A



of stakeholders)



4B






4C









132

4D







5









5A






6







whole procedure)


gS


7





bull ikuh dh OoLFkk



133


7A








8







gSa



9







of crop raiding




134






1










1A








vkokxeu djrs gSa



2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr



135

2A






2B







3







3A






gqvk gS

3B




such cases)





136




by villagers)

4-









4A




4B






4C





bull ugha



137




tks


5







5A






6







whole procedure)


7





bull Qsaflax


138


7A







bull Qsaflax

8






bull tkxdrk ds fy




9







of crop raiding



139






1









tkrh gS

1A







2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku




140

2A







2B







kVuka gks ldrh gSa


ldrk gS

3







3A




bull vkosnu

bull laqauml eqvkuk


tkrs gSa

3B




such cases)




djuk iM+rk gS


141

3C





by villagers)


4-










gS

4A




4B






4C







142

4D











5







5A





crk ldrk gS

6







whole procedure)


7






143



7A








8







9







of crop raiding


crk ldrk gS


144






1









1A







deha


2





households)



ikuk

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


145

2A







gks tkuk

2B







pkgrs gSa


3









3A






rSkj djuk

3B




such cases)






146




by villagers)

4-











rglhynkj dk dke gS

4A




4B




4C





bull ugha



147




5






bull tkyh Qsaflax

5A




6







whole procedure)

bull ugha

7






mikksa dk miksx


148


7A









8







9







of crop raiding


ifjkke gks ldrs gSa



djrk gS


149






1









vklku gksrk gS



lhfer gSafrac12

1A









2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


150

2A










2B






bull Qans yxkrs gSa


3







gSa

3A





gSa

3B




such cases)





151




by villagers)

4-










pkfg




mudk jkst dk dke gS


iwjh rjg ls fnk tks

4A




4B





ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha



152




5







bull okj Qsaflax


5A




6







whole procedure)


7







153


7A








gVkk tkuk

8







fuHkk ldrs gSa

9







of crop raiding


egRoiwkZ gS


154








पिला

तहसील

गराम








155






























पदनाक

थिान




156

References

















175-185



389






157











70




ii

Table of Contents



List of Tables ix

Acronyms x



11 Background 1

















22 Sample design 8


231 Burhanpur 9

232 Chhindwara 10

233 Chhatarpur 11

24 Data Analysis 12



iii


311 Definitions 13


















391 Concept 25














iv



4111 Sample Size 29







b Age profile 32
























v








Interviews 50



























vi

























categories 90


91








vii







References 156


viii

List of Figures












ix

List of Tables





21








x

Acronyms


PAs Protected Areas



LSK Lok Seva Kendra


xi

Executive Summary


























compensation


xii


and rates



conflict



























xiii





7 Key Findings




than previously







3684












xiv









loss













department





xv


























assessment




1


11 Background




2016)










Milindlowast 2015)













2






























3




















officers








4




















compensation


rates





5














6























only)





7































8







22 Sample design









= 57 81758 1 + 5781758 x (005)2

= 57 81758 1445539

= 399 say 400











9













respectively









231 Burhanpur









10













232 Chhindwara


















11


etc







233 Chhatarpur





















12

24 Data Analysis






data received


13
















311 Definitions



understanding




Nature (IUCN))




14


















33 Type of Damages









15













Property loss




Lower Attendance

Food Insecurity







Quality of life

Livelihood

Source Author






physical boundary

fences


16

thorn bushes

shrub planting

ditches









361 Global Scenario

















17











362 Indian Scenario













conflict






18










363 Madhya Pradesh







19


















Notified

Service

Documents to be

attached along with

the Application

Name of

the

designate

d officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time

limit

fixed for

disposal

of first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of relief

amount

for loss

of life

from

wild

animals

Copy of FIR Police

Report


of death (Doctor

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 3

working

days

For rural

area - 3

working

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors


20

Certificate

Panchnama)

Post Mortem Report

Successor

certificate

(Certificate of

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body)

days

Payment

of relief

amount

for

human

injury

from

wild

animals

Certificate or

Panchnama issued

by Doctor Sarpanch

Panchayat

Secretary Local

Body


the treatment

In the event of



a competent medical

practitioner

(Check it only for


related cases)

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 7

working

days

For rural

area - 7

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Payment

of relief

for

animal

loss

from

wild

animals

Receipt of written

information to the

concerned forest


48 hours regarding

the incident

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 30

working

days

For rural

area - 30

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

30

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors





21















Notified

Service

Documents

to be

attached

along with

the

Application

Name of the

designated officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of crop

loss from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

No

document is

required for

this service

Cases up to Rs

30000 cases

Tehsildar

Additional

Tehsildar Naib

Tehsildar ( in

their respective

jurisdiction)

As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Subdivisional

Officer

Revenue As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Collector

Cases up to Rs

50000

Subdivisional

Officer Revenue


commission

er

Cases up to Rs

2 lakhs Collector

Divisional

commissioner

Secretary

Revenue



22




as follows-







Guarantee Act





with the reason


as follows-










software


23












signature













working days







24






















financial aid






25








(Klemm 1996)

391 Concept













2013)






26



























27






























28



for these changes












guidelines







29

38

4

25

9

3

3

8

4

1

3

3

2

1

-5

5

15

25

35

45

55







diagrams etc










4111 Sample Size













un-approachable


30






4112 Area Profile












area











263

8158

1579

Type of Area



31












166711 16502016

705560

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000


Average Distance

1704

8

2324

3830

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Average Distance


32

263

2368

2368

5000

18-30 30-40 40-50 gt50

436

344

435482

7368

100

726667

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


0

1

2

3

4

5

6
























acre

b Age profile





years


33

7632

2368

Literacy

Literate Illitearte

















of the society




8947

1053

Gender

Male Female

2368

4737

2368

526


General

OBC

SC

ST


34




















1579

42111842

1579

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

1842

4211

2368

789

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

5000

5000

Income Category

APL BPL


35








extent




activities










activities








6923

513

256

2051

256

3077

Agriculture Only







36


















9537

33067

11614

9225

13939

20350

760010000

5700

35034

6665

10000

17700

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000




37






















-008

20242

16009

29217

14165

-7021

1513

38000

1631615404

9805

35000

6949

-10000

-5000

000

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000



38

2145

275

182

2778

0

5

10

15

20

25

30



4116 Crop Raiding






every month




reported per month

















4737

4737

789

7105

3421

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80





39












responses








4474

7368

789

2368

263789

3684

1842 1842

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


2895

100

2105 21051579

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100




40

8947

1053


Yes No










effective at all

9211

789000




41










421

7368

2895

6316

789

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




42













132

232

342308

487

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





43






compensation















and Lok Seva Kendra





421 cases



5263

3684

5260

1316

0

20

40

60

80

100




421

8421

0 263 00

20

40

60

80

100



44










with 6053 responses







6053

2895

1316

421

0

23682632

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70





6579

3421


Yes No


45





























255 605 692

19908 20845





Total Time

4864334

12658

7816 6447

2771





Other Total


46
















well











officer Patwari

3158

6316

263

1316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80






No One

Others

789

9737

0102030405060708090

100






No One

Others


47

















respectively











17

22

14

21

0

5

10

15

20

25




48















the best option











b Rating of Impacts




6842

789

1316

526

263263

3158

No

Yes



Kill the Animal

Taking No Action

Other


49
























50




















C










51










fencings













can be continued





bull Timely payment



52





season


























53































54




farmer -



to go)rdquo





all











follows








55





























groups at night


56



























consequences




57



























58




Crop Raiding

Existing scenario





Main causes





Impacts of Crop

Raiding






59











Compensation

Procedure

Existing Procedure











60




Existing Package




















61




Suggestion










62
















reference













trapping of animals


63















it should be given




given in fullrdquo








64














of people













2018-19


65
















66





Application days




Assessing Officer



Sanctioning Officer



(from incident)






Note




67

Glossary of Terms












Insights from India







68



Andhra Pradesh





Arunachal Pradesh
















69















Gujarat No Policy

Haryana No Policy

Himachal Pradesh

No Policy

Jammu and Kashmir

No Policy


70



$1495)



Madhya Pradesh



71




















per hectare


72








Manipur No Policy



Nagaland No Policy



Rajasthan No Policy






73














Insights from India









74






75








Sr

No

Category of Land

holder Farmer

based on total

agricultural land

held

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount


of more than 50

percent

1

Small and marginal

farmers - farmers

land holders



5000 - (Rs Five



8000 - (Rs Eight



16000 - (Rs Sixteen




76

land from 0 hectare

to 2 hectare

9000 - (Rs Nine


15000 - (Rs Fifteen


30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

9000 - (Rs Nine


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 15000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 20000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 26000 -

(Rs Twenty Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare

___



crop Rs 6000 - (Rs

Six thousand) per


Rs 7500 - (Rs

Seven thousand five



crop Rs 12000 -


per hectare and For

Coral Rs 15000 -



77


2

Farmers different

from small and

marginal farmers -

farmers land

holders holding

more than 2

hectares of

agricultural land


4500 - (Rs Four


per hectare


6800 - (Rs Six

thousand eight





per hectare


6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare




per hectare


27000 - (Rs Twenty

Seven thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 12000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 14000 -

(Rs Fourteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare



78































79












descriptions







false claims





80
























(d))


81














annexure N)


82














SDO (Forest)




damage assessment





Guard







83


























84






Notified

Service

Name of the

designated

officer

Deadline to

provide

services

Designation

of the First

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first appeal

Designation

of the Second

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

second

appeal

Payment

of crop

loss

from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

Cases up to

50

damage

Forest Beat

Guard

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Forest Range

Officer

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Sub Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working days

from the date

of receipt of

application

Cases with

more than

50

damage

Forest

Range

officer

Sub

Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

District

Divisional

Forest Officer

(DFO)













85



compensation











applications















86







options include



















87










d HDPE net fencing





















88

c Cactus as fencing





























89































90







2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



91



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


Note





92






1





in your area)












2






loss by wildlife)



d gh ckj feyk gS






cckZnh gksrh gS


ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg








93

2A





compensation)




2B






(hassle free)







2C












tkuk pkfg


csgrj gS

3







wildlife


de gksrh gS



vkodrk gS


94

3A








the package)


iSdst esa kkfey gSa






pkfg

3B




process)


tkrk gS






fdk tkuk pkfg



3C









feyrk gS



csgrj gS

4-








95

wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)


4B






gksuk k lw[k tkuk





psdMSEl cuks tks




5-
















Qly dk gksrk gS





lykg dh vkodrk gS

5A








96





5B









ccedilnku dh tks




6-








6A










6B











Fkhfrac12


97

6C





pkfg


pkfg


gS

7












fdk tks



tks





7A



pkfg

7B



package)






gS




98





8











9







damage by wildlife)



gS

10







OoLFkk


tks





99



duration)

cukbZ tks

11









package)





fnk tks


100






1





in your area)









eku pqds gSa

2






loss by wildlife)





dh Hkwfedk gS










rks Bhd jgsxk


101

2A





compensation)






VkbZIM vkosnu

LVkEi isij



2B






(hassle free)






ikl Hkstrs gSa

2C










tkuk pkfg

3









vkodrk gS


102


wildlife

3A








the package)




ugha djkk xk gS



pkfg


dh tjr gS

3B




process)


jkfk gh de feyrh gS







pkfg

3C









feyuk







jgh gS


103



wildlife)



crkk

4A






destroy crops)



rjg gh gS




eqyke gksrh gS

4B















gqvk gS



fLFkfr cuh jgs

5-







tkrk gS





104





Hkh enn fey tkrh gS

5A









nsa



5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-











6A









tks


105



6B







tkuk pkfg


6C







pkfg


pkfg



gS

7




















106

7A



pkfg

7B



package)






OoLFkk fd tkuh pkfg



rks vPNh ckr gS



8











9






gS


107




damage by wildlife)



vlQy jgrh gS

10







duration)



11









package)




108






1





in your area)











2






loss by wildlife)


vyx Fkh









109

2A





compensation)



gS

2B






(hassle free)




2C









3







wildlife




clt+kk tkuk pkfg


110

3A








the package)








dh tjr gS

3B




process)




ugha nh tkrh gS




3C











4-








111


wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)




tkrk gS


tkrh gS

4B







yxrh gS


vfrOslashek


5-
















112





iSnk gks tkrk gS



ls cp tkrs gSa





5B










gS


k 10 QhV gksuh pkfg


djaV u yxkk tk lds

6-








6A












113

6B







tkuk pkfg



6C








gS

7













tks


7A



pkfg



fdk tkuk pkfg


114




tks dh feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs






pkfg

8












ds kjk iSls ekaxs x

9







gS




115



damage by wildlife)

ugha dj ldrk gS

10







duration)





11









package)



vuqefr ns nh tks


116






1





in your area)



vkrad QSyk gqvk gS










2






loss by wildlife)



gksuk gS







ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg






117




2A





compensation)




tSls fd


[ksr dk uDkk]



2B






(hassle free)


jkfk dk de gksuk gS





2C









tkrh gS




d gh txg ij gks tks



pkfg



118

3







wildlife






vkodrk gS

3A








the package)


Qlysa vkrh gSa

3B




process)



gS



3C







djrsa gSa




tk rks csgrj gksxk


119

4-





wildlife)


btkQk gks jgk gS



tkrs gSa

4A






destroy crops)




4B












NwV

5-















vlj iM+rk gS


120

5A











gksrh gS

5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-








tks rks csgrj gS

6A










121





tkuk pkfg


6C





pkfg


gS

7















feyuk pkfg


7A



vuqi ugha feyrk gS





122

package)





and Cultural Costs







8










gksrk gS

9






gS


123





10







duration)





fy mfpr dne mBks tk

11









package)



124






1













1A







bull ikuh dk ladV

2





households)



125

2A








ccedilHkko ugha gS


gS

2B







clt+ tkrk gS




3








djrs gSa


pyk tkrk gS

3A








3B




such cases)


ds fy cksyk tkrk gS


126

3C





by villagers)





4-












gS


4A




4B




4C







curh


127

4D







pkfg

5







bull ccedildkk

bull iVk[ks

bull ltksy uxkM+s

bull okj Qsaflax

5A







6







whole procedure)


gS


7







gS


128


7A











dh tjr gS


tkuk pkfg

8









ekurs



dke fdk tk ldrk gS

9







of crop raiding





gSa


129






1







bull lger gSa



Tknk gksxk

1A











2





households)



130

2A






[kkl ugha gSa

2B









Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa

3








cksyrs gSa


ikl vkrs gS

3A





nsuk gksrk gS



3B




such cases)



Hkwfedk ugha gS



vkids gSa


131

3C





by villagers)


4-














4A



of stakeholders)



4B






4C









132

4D







5









5A






6







whole procedure)


gS


7





bull ikuh dh OoLFkk



133


7A








8







gSa



9







of crop raiding




134






1










1A








vkokxeu djrs gSa



2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr



135

2A






2B







3







3A






gqvk gS

3B




such cases)





136




by villagers)

4-









4A




4B






4C





bull ugha



137




tks


5







5A






6







whole procedure)


7





bull Qsaflax


138


7A







bull Qsaflax

8






bull tkxdrk ds fy




9







of crop raiding



139






1









tkrh gS

1A







2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku




140

2A







2B







kVuka gks ldrh gSa


ldrk gS

3







3A




bull vkosnu

bull laqauml eqvkuk


tkrs gSa

3B




such cases)




djuk iM+rk gS


141

3C





by villagers)


4-










gS

4A




4B






4C







142

4D











5







5A





crk ldrk gS

6







whole procedure)


7






143



7A








8







9







of crop raiding


crk ldrk gS


144






1









1A







deha


2





households)



ikuk

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


145

2A







gks tkuk

2B







pkgrs gSa


3









3A






rSkj djuk

3B




such cases)






146




by villagers)

4-











rglhynkj dk dke gS

4A




4B




4C





bull ugha



147




5






bull tkyh Qsaflax

5A




6







whole procedure)

bull ugha

7






mikksa dk miksx


148


7A









8







9







of crop raiding


ifjkke gks ldrs gSa



djrk gS


149






1









vklku gksrk gS



lhfer gSafrac12

1A









2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


150

2A










2B






bull Qans yxkrs gSa


3







gSa

3A





gSa

3B




such cases)





151




by villagers)

4-










pkfg




mudk jkst dk dke gS


iwjh rjg ls fnk tks

4A




4B





ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha



152




5







bull okj Qsaflax


5A




6







whole procedure)


7







153


7A








gVkk tkuk

8







fuHkk ldrs gSa

9







of crop raiding


egRoiwkZ gS


154








पिला

तहसील

गराम








155






























पदनाक

थिान




156

References

















175-185



389






157











70




iii


311 Definitions 13


















391 Concept 25














iv



4111 Sample Size 29







b Age profile 32
























v








Interviews 50



























vi

























categories 90


91








vii







References 156


viii

List of Figures












ix

List of Tables





21








x

Acronyms


PAs Protected Areas



LSK Lok Seva Kendra


xi

Executive Summary


























compensation


xii


and rates



conflict



























xiii





7 Key Findings




than previously







3684












xiv









loss













department





xv


























assessment




1


11 Background




2016)










Milindlowast 2015)













2






























3




















officers








4




















compensation


rates





5














6























only)





7































8







22 Sample design









= 57 81758 1 + 5781758 x (005)2

= 57 81758 1445539

= 399 say 400











9













respectively









231 Burhanpur









10













232 Chhindwara


















11


etc







233 Chhatarpur





















12

24 Data Analysis






data received


13
















311 Definitions



understanding




Nature (IUCN))




14


















33 Type of Damages









15













Property loss




Lower Attendance

Food Insecurity







Quality of life

Livelihood

Source Author






physical boundary

fences


16

thorn bushes

shrub planting

ditches









361 Global Scenario

















17











362 Indian Scenario













conflict






18










363 Madhya Pradesh







19


















Notified

Service

Documents to be

attached along with

the Application

Name of

the

designate

d officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time

limit

fixed for

disposal

of first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of relief

amount

for loss

of life

from

wild

animals

Copy of FIR Police

Report


of death (Doctor

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 3

working

days

For rural

area - 3

working

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors


20

Certificate

Panchnama)

Post Mortem Report

Successor

certificate

(Certificate of

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body)

days

Payment

of relief

amount

for

human

injury

from

wild

animals

Certificate or

Panchnama issued

by Doctor Sarpanch

Panchayat

Secretary Local

Body


the treatment

In the event of



a competent medical

practitioner

(Check it only for


related cases)

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 7

working

days

For rural

area - 7

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Payment

of relief

for

animal

loss

from

wild

animals

Receipt of written

information to the

concerned forest


48 hours regarding

the incident

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 30

working

days

For rural

area - 30

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

30

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors





21















Notified

Service

Documents

to be

attached

along with

the

Application

Name of the

designated officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of crop

loss from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

No

document is

required for

this service

Cases up to Rs

30000 cases

Tehsildar

Additional

Tehsildar Naib

Tehsildar ( in

their respective

jurisdiction)

As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Subdivisional

Officer

Revenue As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Collector

Cases up to Rs

50000

Subdivisional

Officer Revenue


commission

er

Cases up to Rs

2 lakhs Collector

Divisional

commissioner

Secretary

Revenue



22




as follows-







Guarantee Act





with the reason


as follows-










software


23












signature













working days







24






















financial aid






25








(Klemm 1996)

391 Concept













2013)






26



























27






























28



for these changes












guidelines







29

38

4

25

9

3

3

8

4

1

3

3

2

1

-5

5

15

25

35

45

55







diagrams etc










4111 Sample Size













un-approachable


30






4112 Area Profile












area











263

8158

1579

Type of Area



31












166711 16502016

705560

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000


Average Distance

1704

8

2324

3830

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Average Distance


32

263

2368

2368

5000

18-30 30-40 40-50 gt50

436

344

435482

7368

100

726667

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


0

1

2

3

4

5

6
























acre

b Age profile





years


33

7632

2368

Literacy

Literate Illitearte

















of the society




8947

1053

Gender

Male Female

2368

4737

2368

526


General

OBC

SC

ST


34




















1579

42111842

1579

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

1842

4211

2368

789

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

5000

5000

Income Category

APL BPL


35








extent




activities










activities








6923

513

256

2051

256

3077

Agriculture Only







36


















9537

33067

11614

9225

13939

20350

760010000

5700

35034

6665

10000

17700

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000




37






















-008

20242

16009

29217

14165

-7021

1513

38000

1631615404

9805

35000

6949

-10000

-5000

000

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000



38

2145

275

182

2778

0

5

10

15

20

25

30



4116 Crop Raiding






every month




reported per month

















4737

4737

789

7105

3421

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80





39












responses








4474

7368

789

2368

263789

3684

1842 1842

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


2895

100

2105 21051579

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100




40

8947

1053


Yes No










effective at all

9211

789000




41










421

7368

2895

6316

789

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




42













132

232

342308

487

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





43






compensation















and Lok Seva Kendra





421 cases



5263

3684

5260

1316

0

20

40

60

80

100




421

8421

0 263 00

20

40

60

80

100



44










with 6053 responses







6053

2895

1316

421

0

23682632

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70





6579

3421


Yes No


45





























255 605 692

19908 20845





Total Time

4864334

12658

7816 6447

2771





Other Total


46
















well











officer Patwari

3158

6316

263

1316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80






No One

Others

789

9737

0102030405060708090

100






No One

Others


47

















respectively











17

22

14

21

0

5

10

15

20

25




48















the best option











b Rating of Impacts




6842

789

1316

526

263263

3158

No

Yes



Kill the Animal

Taking No Action

Other


49
























50




















C










51










fencings













can be continued





bull Timely payment



52





season


























53































54




farmer -



to go)rdquo





all











follows








55





























groups at night


56



























consequences




57



























58




Crop Raiding

Existing scenario





Main causes





Impacts of Crop

Raiding






59











Compensation

Procedure

Existing Procedure











60




Existing Package




















61




Suggestion










62
















reference













trapping of animals


63















it should be given




given in fullrdquo








64














of people













2018-19


65
















66





Application days




Assessing Officer



Sanctioning Officer



(from incident)






Note




67

Glossary of Terms












Insights from India







68



Andhra Pradesh





Arunachal Pradesh
















69















Gujarat No Policy

Haryana No Policy

Himachal Pradesh

No Policy

Jammu and Kashmir

No Policy


70



$1495)



Madhya Pradesh



71




















per hectare


72








Manipur No Policy



Nagaland No Policy



Rajasthan No Policy






73














Insights from India









74






75








Sr

No

Category of Land

holder Farmer

based on total

agricultural land

held

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount


of more than 50

percent

1

Small and marginal

farmers - farmers

land holders



5000 - (Rs Five



8000 - (Rs Eight



16000 - (Rs Sixteen




76

land from 0 hectare

to 2 hectare

9000 - (Rs Nine


15000 - (Rs Fifteen


30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

9000 - (Rs Nine


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 15000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 20000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 26000 -

(Rs Twenty Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare

___



crop Rs 6000 - (Rs

Six thousand) per


Rs 7500 - (Rs

Seven thousand five



crop Rs 12000 -


per hectare and For

Coral Rs 15000 -



77


2

Farmers different

from small and

marginal farmers -

farmers land

holders holding

more than 2

hectares of

agricultural land


4500 - (Rs Four


per hectare


6800 - (Rs Six

thousand eight





per hectare


6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare




per hectare


27000 - (Rs Twenty

Seven thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 12000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 14000 -

(Rs Fourteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare



78































79












descriptions







false claims





80
























(d))


81














annexure N)


82














SDO (Forest)




damage assessment





Guard







83


























84






Notified

Service

Name of the

designated

officer

Deadline to

provide

services

Designation

of the First

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first appeal

Designation

of the Second

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

second

appeal

Payment

of crop

loss

from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

Cases up to

50

damage

Forest Beat

Guard

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Forest Range

Officer

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Sub Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working days

from the date

of receipt of

application

Cases with

more than

50

damage

Forest

Range

officer

Sub

Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

District

Divisional

Forest Officer

(DFO)













85



compensation











applications















86







options include



















87










d HDPE net fencing





















88

c Cactus as fencing





























89































90







2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



91



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


Note





92






1





in your area)












2






loss by wildlife)



d gh ckj feyk gS






cckZnh gksrh gS


ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg








93

2A





compensation)




2B






(hassle free)







2C












tkuk pkfg


csgrj gS

3







wildlife


de gksrh gS



vkodrk gS


94

3A








the package)


iSdst esa kkfey gSa






pkfg

3B




process)


tkrk gS






fdk tkuk pkfg



3C









feyrk gS



csgrj gS

4-








95

wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)


4B






gksuk k lw[k tkuk





psdMSEl cuks tks




5-
















Qly dk gksrk gS





lykg dh vkodrk gS

5A








96





5B









ccedilnku dh tks




6-








6A










6B











Fkhfrac12


97

6C





pkfg


pkfg


gS

7












fdk tks



tks





7A



pkfg

7B



package)






gS




98





8











9







damage by wildlife)



gS

10







OoLFkk


tks





99



duration)

cukbZ tks

11









package)





fnk tks


100






1





in your area)









eku pqds gSa

2






loss by wildlife)





dh Hkwfedk gS










rks Bhd jgsxk


101

2A





compensation)






VkbZIM vkosnu

LVkEi isij



2B






(hassle free)






ikl Hkstrs gSa

2C










tkuk pkfg

3









vkodrk gS


102


wildlife

3A








the package)




ugha djkk xk gS



pkfg


dh tjr gS

3B




process)


jkfk gh de feyrh gS







pkfg

3C









feyuk







jgh gS


103



wildlife)



crkk

4A






destroy crops)



rjg gh gS




eqyke gksrh gS

4B















gqvk gS



fLFkfr cuh jgs

5-







tkrk gS





104





Hkh enn fey tkrh gS

5A









nsa



5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-











6A









tks


105



6B







tkuk pkfg


6C







pkfg


pkfg



gS

7




















106

7A



pkfg

7B



package)






OoLFkk fd tkuh pkfg



rks vPNh ckr gS



8











9






gS


107




damage by wildlife)



vlQy jgrh gS

10







duration)



11









package)




108






1





in your area)











2






loss by wildlife)


vyx Fkh









109

2A





compensation)



gS

2B






(hassle free)




2C









3







wildlife




clt+kk tkuk pkfg


110

3A








the package)








dh tjr gS

3B




process)




ugha nh tkrh gS




3C











4-








111


wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)




tkrk gS


tkrh gS

4B







yxrh gS


vfrOslashek


5-
















112





iSnk gks tkrk gS



ls cp tkrs gSa





5B










gS


k 10 QhV gksuh pkfg


djaV u yxkk tk lds

6-








6A












113

6B







tkuk pkfg



6C








gS

7













tks


7A



pkfg



fdk tkuk pkfg


114




tks dh feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs






pkfg

8












ds kjk iSls ekaxs x

9







gS




115



damage by wildlife)

ugha dj ldrk gS

10







duration)





11









package)



vuqefr ns nh tks


116






1





in your area)



vkrad QSyk gqvk gS










2






loss by wildlife)



gksuk gS







ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg






117




2A





compensation)




tSls fd


[ksr dk uDkk]



2B






(hassle free)


jkfk dk de gksuk gS





2C









tkrh gS




d gh txg ij gks tks



pkfg



118

3







wildlife






vkodrk gS

3A








the package)


Qlysa vkrh gSa

3B




process)



gS



3C







djrsa gSa




tk rks csgrj gksxk


119

4-





wildlife)


btkQk gks jgk gS



tkrs gSa

4A






destroy crops)




4B












NwV

5-















vlj iM+rk gS


120

5A











gksrh gS

5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-








tks rks csgrj gS

6A










121





tkuk pkfg


6C





pkfg


gS

7















feyuk pkfg


7A



vuqi ugha feyrk gS





122

package)





and Cultural Costs







8










gksrk gS

9






gS


123





10







duration)





fy mfpr dne mBks tk

11









package)



124






1













1A







bull ikuh dk ladV

2





households)



125

2A








ccedilHkko ugha gS


gS

2B







clt+ tkrk gS




3








djrs gSa


pyk tkrk gS

3A








3B




such cases)


ds fy cksyk tkrk gS


126

3C





by villagers)





4-












gS


4A




4B




4C







curh


127

4D







pkfg

5







bull ccedildkk

bull iVk[ks

bull ltksy uxkM+s

bull okj Qsaflax

5A







6







whole procedure)


gS


7







gS


128


7A











dh tjr gS


tkuk pkfg

8









ekurs



dke fdk tk ldrk gS

9







of crop raiding





gSa


129






1







bull lger gSa



Tknk gksxk

1A











2





households)



130

2A






[kkl ugha gSa

2B









Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa

3








cksyrs gSa


ikl vkrs gS

3A





nsuk gksrk gS



3B




such cases)



Hkwfedk ugha gS



vkids gSa


131

3C





by villagers)


4-














4A



of stakeholders)



4B






4C









132

4D







5









5A






6







whole procedure)


gS


7





bull ikuh dh OoLFkk



133


7A








8







gSa



9







of crop raiding




134






1










1A








vkokxeu djrs gSa



2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr



135

2A






2B







3







3A






gqvk gS

3B




such cases)





136




by villagers)

4-









4A




4B






4C





bull ugha



137




tks


5







5A






6







whole procedure)


7





bull Qsaflax


138


7A







bull Qsaflax

8






bull tkxdrk ds fy




9







of crop raiding



139






1









tkrh gS

1A







2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku




140

2A







2B







kVuka gks ldrh gSa


ldrk gS

3







3A




bull vkosnu

bull laqauml eqvkuk


tkrs gSa

3B




such cases)




djuk iM+rk gS


141

3C





by villagers)


4-










gS

4A




4B






4C







142

4D











5







5A





crk ldrk gS

6







whole procedure)


7






143



7A








8







9







of crop raiding


crk ldrk gS


144






1









1A







deha


2





households)



ikuk

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


145

2A







gks tkuk

2B







pkgrs gSa


3









3A






rSkj djuk

3B




such cases)






146




by villagers)

4-











rglhynkj dk dke gS

4A




4B




4C





bull ugha



147




5






bull tkyh Qsaflax

5A




6







whole procedure)

bull ugha

7






mikksa dk miksx


148


7A









8







9







of crop raiding


ifjkke gks ldrs gSa



djrk gS


149






1









vklku gksrk gS



lhfer gSafrac12

1A









2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


150

2A










2B






bull Qans yxkrs gSa


3







gSa

3A





gSa

3B




such cases)





151




by villagers)

4-










pkfg




mudk jkst dk dke gS


iwjh rjg ls fnk tks

4A




4B





ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha



152




5







bull okj Qsaflax


5A




6







whole procedure)


7







153


7A








gVkk tkuk

8







fuHkk ldrs gSa

9







of crop raiding


egRoiwkZ gS


154








पिला

तहसील

गराम








155






























पदनाक

थिान




156

References

















175-185



389






157











70




iv



4111 Sample Size 29







b Age profile 32
























v








Interviews 50



























vi

























categories 90


91








vii







References 156


viii

List of Figures












ix

List of Tables





21








x

Acronyms


PAs Protected Areas



LSK Lok Seva Kendra


xi

Executive Summary


























compensation


xii


and rates



conflict



























xiii





7 Key Findings




than previously







3684












xiv









loss













department





xv


























assessment




1


11 Background




2016)










Milindlowast 2015)













2






























3




















officers








4




















compensation


rates





5














6























only)





7































8







22 Sample design









= 57 81758 1 + 5781758 x (005)2

= 57 81758 1445539

= 399 say 400











9













respectively









231 Burhanpur









10













232 Chhindwara


















11


etc







233 Chhatarpur





















12

24 Data Analysis






data received


13
















311 Definitions



understanding




Nature (IUCN))




14


















33 Type of Damages









15













Property loss




Lower Attendance

Food Insecurity







Quality of life

Livelihood

Source Author






physical boundary

fences


16

thorn bushes

shrub planting

ditches









361 Global Scenario

















17











362 Indian Scenario













conflict






18










363 Madhya Pradesh







19


















Notified

Service

Documents to be

attached along with

the Application

Name of

the

designate

d officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time

limit

fixed for

disposal

of first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of relief

amount

for loss

of life

from

wild

animals

Copy of FIR Police

Report


of death (Doctor

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 3

working

days

For rural

area - 3

working

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors


20

Certificate

Panchnama)

Post Mortem Report

Successor

certificate

(Certificate of

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body)

days

Payment

of relief

amount

for

human

injury

from

wild

animals

Certificate or

Panchnama issued

by Doctor Sarpanch

Panchayat

Secretary Local

Body


the treatment

In the event of



a competent medical

practitioner

(Check it only for


related cases)

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 7

working

days

For rural

area - 7

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Payment

of relief

for

animal

loss

from

wild

animals

Receipt of written

information to the

concerned forest


48 hours regarding

the incident

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 30

working

days

For rural

area - 30

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

30

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors





21















Notified

Service

Documents

to be

attached

along with

the

Application

Name of the

designated officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of crop

loss from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

No

document is

required for

this service

Cases up to Rs

30000 cases

Tehsildar

Additional

Tehsildar Naib

Tehsildar ( in

their respective

jurisdiction)

As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Subdivisional

Officer

Revenue As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Collector

Cases up to Rs

50000

Subdivisional

Officer Revenue


commission

er

Cases up to Rs

2 lakhs Collector

Divisional

commissioner

Secretary

Revenue



22




as follows-







Guarantee Act





with the reason


as follows-










software


23












signature













working days







24






















financial aid






25








(Klemm 1996)

391 Concept













2013)






26



























27






























28



for these changes












guidelines







29

38

4

25

9

3

3

8

4

1

3

3

2

1

-5

5

15

25

35

45

55







diagrams etc










4111 Sample Size













un-approachable


30






4112 Area Profile












area











263

8158

1579

Type of Area



31












166711 16502016

705560

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000


Average Distance

1704

8

2324

3830

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Average Distance


32

263

2368

2368

5000

18-30 30-40 40-50 gt50

436

344

435482

7368

100

726667

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


0

1

2

3

4

5

6
























acre

b Age profile





years


33

7632

2368

Literacy

Literate Illitearte

















of the society




8947

1053

Gender

Male Female

2368

4737

2368

526


General

OBC

SC

ST


34




















1579

42111842

1579

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

1842

4211

2368

789

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

5000

5000

Income Category

APL BPL


35








extent




activities










activities








6923

513

256

2051

256

3077

Agriculture Only







36


















9537

33067

11614

9225

13939

20350

760010000

5700

35034

6665

10000

17700

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000




37






















-008

20242

16009

29217

14165

-7021

1513

38000

1631615404

9805

35000

6949

-10000

-5000

000

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000



38

2145

275

182

2778

0

5

10

15

20

25

30



4116 Crop Raiding






every month




reported per month

















4737

4737

789

7105

3421

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80





39












responses








4474

7368

789

2368

263789

3684

1842 1842

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


2895

100

2105 21051579

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100




40

8947

1053


Yes No










effective at all

9211

789000




41










421

7368

2895

6316

789

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




42













132

232

342308

487

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





43






compensation















and Lok Seva Kendra





421 cases



5263

3684

5260

1316

0

20

40

60

80

100




421

8421

0 263 00

20

40

60

80

100



44










with 6053 responses







6053

2895

1316

421

0

23682632

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70





6579

3421


Yes No


45





























255 605 692

19908 20845





Total Time

4864334

12658

7816 6447

2771





Other Total


46
















well











officer Patwari

3158

6316

263

1316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80






No One

Others

789

9737

0102030405060708090

100






No One

Others


47

















respectively











17

22

14

21

0

5

10

15

20

25




48















the best option











b Rating of Impacts




6842

789

1316

526

263263

3158

No

Yes



Kill the Animal

Taking No Action

Other


49
























50




















C










51










fencings













can be continued





bull Timely payment



52





season


























53































54




farmer -



to go)rdquo





all











follows








55





























groups at night


56



























consequences




57



























58




Crop Raiding

Existing scenario





Main causes





Impacts of Crop

Raiding






59











Compensation

Procedure

Existing Procedure











60




Existing Package




















61




Suggestion










62
















reference













trapping of animals


63















it should be given




given in fullrdquo








64














of people













2018-19


65
















66





Application days




Assessing Officer



Sanctioning Officer



(from incident)






Note




67

Glossary of Terms












Insights from India







68



Andhra Pradesh





Arunachal Pradesh
















69















Gujarat No Policy

Haryana No Policy

Himachal Pradesh

No Policy

Jammu and Kashmir

No Policy


70



$1495)



Madhya Pradesh



71




















per hectare


72








Manipur No Policy



Nagaland No Policy



Rajasthan No Policy






73














Insights from India









74






75








Sr

No

Category of Land

holder Farmer

based on total

agricultural land

held

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount


of more than 50

percent

1

Small and marginal

farmers - farmers

land holders



5000 - (Rs Five



8000 - (Rs Eight



16000 - (Rs Sixteen




76

land from 0 hectare

to 2 hectare

9000 - (Rs Nine


15000 - (Rs Fifteen


30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

9000 - (Rs Nine


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 15000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 20000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 26000 -

(Rs Twenty Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare

___



crop Rs 6000 - (Rs

Six thousand) per


Rs 7500 - (Rs

Seven thousand five



crop Rs 12000 -


per hectare and For

Coral Rs 15000 -



77


2

Farmers different

from small and

marginal farmers -

farmers land

holders holding

more than 2

hectares of

agricultural land


4500 - (Rs Four


per hectare


6800 - (Rs Six

thousand eight





per hectare


6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare




per hectare


27000 - (Rs Twenty

Seven thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 12000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 14000 -

(Rs Fourteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare



78































79












descriptions







false claims





80
























(d))


81














annexure N)


82














SDO (Forest)




damage assessment





Guard







83


























84






Notified

Service

Name of the

designated

officer

Deadline to

provide

services

Designation

of the First

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first appeal

Designation

of the Second

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

second

appeal

Payment

of crop

loss

from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

Cases up to

50

damage

Forest Beat

Guard

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Forest Range

Officer

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Sub Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working days

from the date

of receipt of

application

Cases with

more than

50

damage

Forest

Range

officer

Sub

Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

District

Divisional

Forest Officer

(DFO)













85



compensation











applications















86







options include



















87










d HDPE net fencing





















88

c Cactus as fencing





























89































90







2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



91



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


Note





92






1





in your area)












2






loss by wildlife)



d gh ckj feyk gS






cckZnh gksrh gS


ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg








93

2A





compensation)




2B






(hassle free)







2C












tkuk pkfg


csgrj gS

3







wildlife


de gksrh gS



vkodrk gS


94

3A








the package)


iSdst esa kkfey gSa






pkfg

3B




process)


tkrk gS






fdk tkuk pkfg



3C









feyrk gS



csgrj gS

4-








95

wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)


4B






gksuk k lw[k tkuk





psdMSEl cuks tks




5-
















Qly dk gksrk gS





lykg dh vkodrk gS

5A








96





5B









ccedilnku dh tks




6-








6A










6B











Fkhfrac12


97

6C





pkfg


pkfg


gS

7












fdk tks



tks





7A



pkfg

7B



package)






gS




98





8











9







damage by wildlife)



gS

10







OoLFkk


tks





99



duration)

cukbZ tks

11









package)





fnk tks


100






1





in your area)









eku pqds gSa

2






loss by wildlife)





dh Hkwfedk gS










rks Bhd jgsxk


101

2A





compensation)






VkbZIM vkosnu

LVkEi isij



2B






(hassle free)






ikl Hkstrs gSa

2C










tkuk pkfg

3









vkodrk gS


102


wildlife

3A








the package)




ugha djkk xk gS



pkfg


dh tjr gS

3B




process)


jkfk gh de feyrh gS







pkfg

3C









feyuk







jgh gS


103



wildlife)



crkk

4A






destroy crops)



rjg gh gS




eqyke gksrh gS

4B















gqvk gS



fLFkfr cuh jgs

5-







tkrk gS





104





Hkh enn fey tkrh gS

5A









nsa



5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-











6A









tks


105



6B







tkuk pkfg


6C







pkfg


pkfg



gS

7




















106

7A



pkfg

7B



package)






OoLFkk fd tkuh pkfg



rks vPNh ckr gS



8











9






gS


107




damage by wildlife)



vlQy jgrh gS

10







duration)



11









package)




108






1





in your area)











2






loss by wildlife)


vyx Fkh









109

2A





compensation)



gS

2B






(hassle free)




2C









3







wildlife




clt+kk tkuk pkfg


110

3A








the package)








dh tjr gS

3B




process)




ugha nh tkrh gS




3C











4-








111


wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)




tkrk gS


tkrh gS

4B







yxrh gS


vfrOslashek


5-
















112





iSnk gks tkrk gS



ls cp tkrs gSa





5B










gS


k 10 QhV gksuh pkfg


djaV u yxkk tk lds

6-








6A












113

6B







tkuk pkfg



6C








gS

7













tks


7A



pkfg



fdk tkuk pkfg


114




tks dh feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs






pkfg

8












ds kjk iSls ekaxs x

9







gS




115



damage by wildlife)

ugha dj ldrk gS

10







duration)





11









package)



vuqefr ns nh tks


116






1





in your area)



vkrad QSyk gqvk gS










2






loss by wildlife)



gksuk gS







ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg






117




2A





compensation)




tSls fd


[ksr dk uDkk]



2B






(hassle free)


jkfk dk de gksuk gS





2C









tkrh gS




d gh txg ij gks tks



pkfg



118

3







wildlife






vkodrk gS

3A








the package)


Qlysa vkrh gSa

3B




process)



gS



3C







djrsa gSa




tk rks csgrj gksxk


119

4-





wildlife)


btkQk gks jgk gS



tkrs gSa

4A






destroy crops)




4B












NwV

5-















vlj iM+rk gS


120

5A











gksrh gS

5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-








tks rks csgrj gS

6A










121





tkuk pkfg


6C





pkfg


gS

7















feyuk pkfg


7A



vuqi ugha feyrk gS





122

package)





and Cultural Costs







8










gksrk gS

9






gS


123





10







duration)





fy mfpr dne mBks tk

11









package)



124






1













1A







bull ikuh dk ladV

2





households)



125

2A








ccedilHkko ugha gS


gS

2B







clt+ tkrk gS




3








djrs gSa


pyk tkrk gS

3A








3B




such cases)


ds fy cksyk tkrk gS


126

3C





by villagers)





4-












gS


4A




4B




4C







curh


127

4D







pkfg

5







bull ccedildkk

bull iVk[ks

bull ltksy uxkM+s

bull okj Qsaflax

5A







6







whole procedure)


gS


7







gS


128


7A











dh tjr gS


tkuk pkfg

8









ekurs



dke fdk tk ldrk gS

9







of crop raiding





gSa


129






1







bull lger gSa



Tknk gksxk

1A











2





households)



130

2A






[kkl ugha gSa

2B









Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa

3








cksyrs gSa


ikl vkrs gS

3A





nsuk gksrk gS



3B




such cases)



Hkwfedk ugha gS



vkids gSa


131

3C





by villagers)


4-














4A



of stakeholders)



4B






4C









132

4D







5









5A






6







whole procedure)


gS


7





bull ikuh dh OoLFkk



133


7A








8







gSa



9







of crop raiding




134






1










1A








vkokxeu djrs gSa



2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr



135

2A






2B







3







3A






gqvk gS

3B




such cases)





136




by villagers)

4-









4A




4B






4C





bull ugha



137




tks


5







5A






6







whole procedure)


7





bull Qsaflax


138


7A







bull Qsaflax

8






bull tkxdrk ds fy




9







of crop raiding



139






1









tkrh gS

1A







2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku




140

2A







2B







kVuka gks ldrh gSa


ldrk gS

3







3A




bull vkosnu

bull laqauml eqvkuk


tkrs gSa

3B




such cases)




djuk iM+rk gS


141

3C





by villagers)


4-










gS

4A




4B






4C







142

4D











5







5A





crk ldrk gS

6







whole procedure)


7






143



7A








8







9







of crop raiding


crk ldrk gS


144






1









1A







deha


2





households)



ikuk

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


145

2A







gks tkuk

2B







pkgrs gSa


3









3A






rSkj djuk

3B




such cases)






146




by villagers)

4-











rglhynkj dk dke gS

4A




4B




4C





bull ugha



147




5






bull tkyh Qsaflax

5A




6







whole procedure)

bull ugha

7






mikksa dk miksx


148


7A









8







9







of crop raiding


ifjkke gks ldrs gSa



djrk gS


149






1









vklku gksrk gS



lhfer gSafrac12

1A









2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


150

2A










2B






bull Qans yxkrs gSa


3







gSa

3A





gSa

3B




such cases)





151




by villagers)

4-










pkfg




mudk jkst dk dke gS


iwjh rjg ls fnk tks

4A




4B





ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha



152




5







bull okj Qsaflax


5A




6







whole procedure)


7







153


7A








gVkk tkuk

8







fuHkk ldrs gSa

9







of crop raiding


egRoiwkZ gS


154








पिला

तहसील

गराम








155






























पदनाक

थिान




156

References

















175-185



389






157











70




v








Interviews 50



























vi

























categories 90


91








vii







References 156


viii

List of Figures












ix

List of Tables





21








x

Acronyms


PAs Protected Areas



LSK Lok Seva Kendra


xi

Executive Summary


























compensation


xii


and rates



conflict



























xiii





7 Key Findings




than previously







3684












xiv









loss













department





xv


























assessment




1


11 Background




2016)










Milindlowast 2015)













2






























3




















officers








4




















compensation


rates





5














6























only)





7































8







22 Sample design









= 57 81758 1 + 5781758 x (005)2

= 57 81758 1445539

= 399 say 400











9













respectively









231 Burhanpur









10













232 Chhindwara


















11


etc







233 Chhatarpur





















12

24 Data Analysis






data received


13
















311 Definitions



understanding




Nature (IUCN))




14


















33 Type of Damages









15













Property loss




Lower Attendance

Food Insecurity







Quality of life

Livelihood

Source Author






physical boundary

fences


16

thorn bushes

shrub planting

ditches









361 Global Scenario

















17











362 Indian Scenario













conflict






18










363 Madhya Pradesh







19


















Notified

Service

Documents to be

attached along with

the Application

Name of

the

designate

d officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time

limit

fixed for

disposal

of first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of relief

amount

for loss

of life

from

wild

animals

Copy of FIR Police

Report


of death (Doctor

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 3

working

days

For rural

area - 3

working

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors


20

Certificate

Panchnama)

Post Mortem Report

Successor

certificate

(Certificate of

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body)

days

Payment

of relief

amount

for

human

injury

from

wild

animals

Certificate or

Panchnama issued

by Doctor Sarpanch

Panchayat

Secretary Local

Body


the treatment

In the event of



a competent medical

practitioner

(Check it only for


related cases)

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 7

working

days

For rural

area - 7

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Payment

of relief

for

animal

loss

from

wild

animals

Receipt of written

information to the

concerned forest


48 hours regarding

the incident

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 30

working

days

For rural

area - 30

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

30

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors





21















Notified

Service

Documents

to be

attached

along with

the

Application

Name of the

designated officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of crop

loss from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

No

document is

required for

this service

Cases up to Rs

30000 cases

Tehsildar

Additional

Tehsildar Naib

Tehsildar ( in

their respective

jurisdiction)

As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Subdivisional

Officer

Revenue As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Collector

Cases up to Rs

50000

Subdivisional

Officer Revenue


commission

er

Cases up to Rs

2 lakhs Collector

Divisional

commissioner

Secretary

Revenue



22




as follows-







Guarantee Act





with the reason


as follows-










software


23












signature













working days







24






















financial aid






25








(Klemm 1996)

391 Concept













2013)






26



























27






























28



for these changes












guidelines







29

38

4

25

9

3

3

8

4

1

3

3

2

1

-5

5

15

25

35

45

55







diagrams etc










4111 Sample Size













un-approachable


30






4112 Area Profile












area











263

8158

1579

Type of Area



31












166711 16502016

705560

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000


Average Distance

1704

8

2324

3830

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Average Distance


32

263

2368

2368

5000

18-30 30-40 40-50 gt50

436

344

435482

7368

100

726667

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


0

1

2

3

4

5

6
























acre

b Age profile





years


33

7632

2368

Literacy

Literate Illitearte

















of the society




8947

1053

Gender

Male Female

2368

4737

2368

526


General

OBC

SC

ST


34




















1579

42111842

1579

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

1842

4211

2368

789

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

5000

5000

Income Category

APL BPL


35








extent




activities










activities








6923

513

256

2051

256

3077

Agriculture Only







36


















9537

33067

11614

9225

13939

20350

760010000

5700

35034

6665

10000

17700

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000




37






















-008

20242

16009

29217

14165

-7021

1513

38000

1631615404

9805

35000

6949

-10000

-5000

000

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000



38

2145

275

182

2778

0

5

10

15

20

25

30



4116 Crop Raiding






every month




reported per month

















4737

4737

789

7105

3421

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80





39












responses








4474

7368

789

2368

263789

3684

1842 1842

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


2895

100

2105 21051579

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100




40

8947

1053


Yes No










effective at all

9211

789000




41










421

7368

2895

6316

789

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




42













132

232

342308

487

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





43






compensation















and Lok Seva Kendra





421 cases



5263

3684

5260

1316

0

20

40

60

80

100




421

8421

0 263 00

20

40

60

80

100



44










with 6053 responses







6053

2895

1316

421

0

23682632

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70





6579

3421


Yes No


45





























255 605 692

19908 20845





Total Time

4864334

12658

7816 6447

2771





Other Total


46
















well











officer Patwari

3158

6316

263

1316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80






No One

Others

789

9737

0102030405060708090

100






No One

Others


47

















respectively











17

22

14

21

0

5

10

15

20

25




48















the best option











b Rating of Impacts




6842

789

1316

526

263263

3158

No

Yes



Kill the Animal

Taking No Action

Other


49
























50




















C










51










fencings













can be continued





bull Timely payment



52





season


























53































54




farmer -



to go)rdquo





all











follows








55





























groups at night


56



























consequences




57



























58




Crop Raiding

Existing scenario





Main causes





Impacts of Crop

Raiding






59











Compensation

Procedure

Existing Procedure











60




Existing Package




















61




Suggestion










62
















reference













trapping of animals


63















it should be given




given in fullrdquo








64














of people













2018-19


65
















66





Application days




Assessing Officer



Sanctioning Officer



(from incident)






Note




67

Glossary of Terms












Insights from India







68



Andhra Pradesh





Arunachal Pradesh
















69















Gujarat No Policy

Haryana No Policy

Himachal Pradesh

No Policy

Jammu and Kashmir

No Policy


70



$1495)



Madhya Pradesh



71




















per hectare


72








Manipur No Policy



Nagaland No Policy



Rajasthan No Policy






73














Insights from India









74






75








Sr

No

Category of Land

holder Farmer

based on total

agricultural land

held

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount


of more than 50

percent

1

Small and marginal

farmers - farmers

land holders



5000 - (Rs Five



8000 - (Rs Eight



16000 - (Rs Sixteen




76

land from 0 hectare

to 2 hectare

9000 - (Rs Nine


15000 - (Rs Fifteen


30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

9000 - (Rs Nine


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 15000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 20000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 26000 -

(Rs Twenty Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare

___



crop Rs 6000 - (Rs

Six thousand) per


Rs 7500 - (Rs

Seven thousand five



crop Rs 12000 -


per hectare and For

Coral Rs 15000 -



77


2

Farmers different

from small and

marginal farmers -

farmers land

holders holding

more than 2

hectares of

agricultural land


4500 - (Rs Four


per hectare


6800 - (Rs Six

thousand eight





per hectare


6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare




per hectare


27000 - (Rs Twenty

Seven thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 12000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 14000 -

(Rs Fourteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare



78































79












descriptions







false claims





80
























(d))


81














annexure N)


82














SDO (Forest)




damage assessment





Guard







83


























84






Notified

Service

Name of the

designated

officer

Deadline to

provide

services

Designation

of the First

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first appeal

Designation

of the Second

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

second

appeal

Payment

of crop

loss

from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

Cases up to

50

damage

Forest Beat

Guard

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Forest Range

Officer

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Sub Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working days

from the date

of receipt of

application

Cases with

more than

50

damage

Forest

Range

officer

Sub

Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

District

Divisional

Forest Officer

(DFO)













85



compensation











applications















86







options include



















87










d HDPE net fencing





















88

c Cactus as fencing





























89































90







2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



91



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


Note





92






1





in your area)












2






loss by wildlife)



d gh ckj feyk gS






cckZnh gksrh gS


ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg








93

2A





compensation)




2B






(hassle free)







2C












tkuk pkfg


csgrj gS

3







wildlife


de gksrh gS



vkodrk gS


94

3A








the package)


iSdst esa kkfey gSa






pkfg

3B




process)


tkrk gS






fdk tkuk pkfg



3C









feyrk gS



csgrj gS

4-








95

wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)


4B






gksuk k lw[k tkuk





psdMSEl cuks tks




5-
















Qly dk gksrk gS





lykg dh vkodrk gS

5A








96





5B









ccedilnku dh tks




6-








6A










6B











Fkhfrac12


97

6C





pkfg


pkfg


gS

7












fdk tks



tks





7A



pkfg

7B



package)






gS




98





8











9







damage by wildlife)



gS

10







OoLFkk


tks





99



duration)

cukbZ tks

11









package)





fnk tks


100






1





in your area)









eku pqds gSa

2






loss by wildlife)





dh Hkwfedk gS










rks Bhd jgsxk


101

2A





compensation)






VkbZIM vkosnu

LVkEi isij



2B






(hassle free)






ikl Hkstrs gSa

2C










tkuk pkfg

3









vkodrk gS


102


wildlife

3A








the package)




ugha djkk xk gS



pkfg


dh tjr gS

3B




process)


jkfk gh de feyrh gS







pkfg

3C









feyuk







jgh gS


103



wildlife)



crkk

4A






destroy crops)



rjg gh gS




eqyke gksrh gS

4B















gqvk gS



fLFkfr cuh jgs

5-







tkrk gS





104





Hkh enn fey tkrh gS

5A









nsa



5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-











6A









tks


105



6B







tkuk pkfg


6C







pkfg


pkfg



gS

7




















106

7A



pkfg

7B



package)






OoLFkk fd tkuh pkfg



rks vPNh ckr gS



8











9






gS


107




damage by wildlife)



vlQy jgrh gS

10







duration)



11









package)




108






1





in your area)











2






loss by wildlife)


vyx Fkh









109

2A





compensation)



gS

2B






(hassle free)




2C









3







wildlife




clt+kk tkuk pkfg


110

3A








the package)








dh tjr gS

3B




process)




ugha nh tkrh gS




3C











4-








111


wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)




tkrk gS


tkrh gS

4B







yxrh gS


vfrOslashek


5-
















112





iSnk gks tkrk gS



ls cp tkrs gSa





5B










gS


k 10 QhV gksuh pkfg


djaV u yxkk tk lds

6-








6A












113

6B







tkuk pkfg



6C








gS

7













tks


7A



pkfg



fdk tkuk pkfg


114




tks dh feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs






pkfg

8












ds kjk iSls ekaxs x

9







gS




115



damage by wildlife)

ugha dj ldrk gS

10







duration)





11









package)



vuqefr ns nh tks


116






1





in your area)



vkrad QSyk gqvk gS










2






loss by wildlife)



gksuk gS







ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg






117




2A





compensation)




tSls fd


[ksr dk uDkk]



2B






(hassle free)


jkfk dk de gksuk gS





2C









tkrh gS




d gh txg ij gks tks



pkfg



118

3







wildlife






vkodrk gS

3A








the package)


Qlysa vkrh gSa

3B




process)



gS



3C







djrsa gSa




tk rks csgrj gksxk


119

4-





wildlife)


btkQk gks jgk gS



tkrs gSa

4A






destroy crops)




4B












NwV

5-















vlj iM+rk gS


120

5A











gksrh gS

5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-








tks rks csgrj gS

6A










121





tkuk pkfg


6C





pkfg


gS

7















feyuk pkfg


7A



vuqi ugha feyrk gS





122

package)





and Cultural Costs







8










gksrk gS

9






gS


123





10







duration)





fy mfpr dne mBks tk

11









package)



124






1













1A







bull ikuh dk ladV

2





households)



125

2A








ccedilHkko ugha gS


gS

2B







clt+ tkrk gS




3








djrs gSa


pyk tkrk gS

3A








3B




such cases)


ds fy cksyk tkrk gS


126

3C





by villagers)





4-












gS


4A




4B




4C







curh


127

4D







pkfg

5







bull ccedildkk

bull iVk[ks

bull ltksy uxkM+s

bull okj Qsaflax

5A







6







whole procedure)


gS


7







gS


128


7A











dh tjr gS


tkuk pkfg

8









ekurs



dke fdk tk ldrk gS

9







of crop raiding





gSa


129






1







bull lger gSa



Tknk gksxk

1A











2





households)



130

2A






[kkl ugha gSa

2B









Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa

3








cksyrs gSa


ikl vkrs gS

3A





nsuk gksrk gS



3B




such cases)



Hkwfedk ugha gS



vkids gSa


131

3C





by villagers)


4-














4A



of stakeholders)



4B






4C









132

4D







5









5A






6







whole procedure)


gS


7





bull ikuh dh OoLFkk



133


7A








8







gSa



9







of crop raiding




134






1










1A








vkokxeu djrs gSa



2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr



135

2A






2B







3







3A






gqvk gS

3B




such cases)





136




by villagers)

4-









4A




4B






4C





bull ugha



137




tks


5







5A






6







whole procedure)


7





bull Qsaflax


138


7A







bull Qsaflax

8






bull tkxdrk ds fy




9







of crop raiding



139






1









tkrh gS

1A







2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku




140

2A







2B







kVuka gks ldrh gSa


ldrk gS

3







3A




bull vkosnu

bull laqauml eqvkuk


tkrs gSa

3B




such cases)




djuk iM+rk gS


141

3C





by villagers)


4-










gS

4A




4B






4C







142

4D











5







5A





crk ldrk gS

6







whole procedure)


7






143



7A








8







9







of crop raiding


crk ldrk gS


144






1









1A







deha


2





households)



ikuk

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


145

2A







gks tkuk

2B







pkgrs gSa


3









3A






rSkj djuk

3B




such cases)






146




by villagers)

4-











rglhynkj dk dke gS

4A




4B




4C





bull ugha



147




5






bull tkyh Qsaflax

5A




6







whole procedure)

bull ugha

7






mikksa dk miksx


148


7A









8







9







of crop raiding


ifjkke gks ldrs gSa



djrk gS


149






1









vklku gksrk gS



lhfer gSafrac12

1A









2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


150

2A










2B






bull Qans yxkrs gSa


3







gSa

3A





gSa

3B




such cases)





151




by villagers)

4-










pkfg




mudk jkst dk dke gS


iwjh rjg ls fnk tks

4A




4B





ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha



152




5







bull okj Qsaflax


5A




6







whole procedure)


7







153


7A








gVkk tkuk

8







fuHkk ldrs gSa

9







of crop raiding


egRoiwkZ gS


154








पिला

तहसील

गराम








155






























पदनाक

थिान




156

References

















175-185



389






157











70




vi

























categories 90


91








vii







References 156


viii

List of Figures












ix

List of Tables





21








x

Acronyms


PAs Protected Areas



LSK Lok Seva Kendra


xi

Executive Summary


























compensation


xii


and rates



conflict



























xiii





7 Key Findings




than previously







3684












xiv









loss













department





xv


























assessment




1


11 Background




2016)










Milindlowast 2015)













2






























3




















officers








4




















compensation


rates





5














6























only)





7































8







22 Sample design









= 57 81758 1 + 5781758 x (005)2

= 57 81758 1445539

= 399 say 400











9













respectively









231 Burhanpur









10













232 Chhindwara


















11


etc







233 Chhatarpur





















12

24 Data Analysis






data received


13
















311 Definitions



understanding




Nature (IUCN))




14


















33 Type of Damages









15













Property loss




Lower Attendance

Food Insecurity







Quality of life

Livelihood

Source Author






physical boundary

fences


16

thorn bushes

shrub planting

ditches









361 Global Scenario

















17











362 Indian Scenario













conflict






18










363 Madhya Pradesh







19


















Notified

Service

Documents to be

attached along with

the Application

Name of

the

designate

d officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time

limit

fixed for

disposal

of first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of relief

amount

for loss

of life

from

wild

animals

Copy of FIR Police

Report


of death (Doctor

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 3

working

days

For rural

area - 3

working

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors


20

Certificate

Panchnama)

Post Mortem Report

Successor

certificate

(Certificate of

Sarpanch

Panchayat Secretary

Local Body)

days

Payment

of relief

amount

for

human

injury

from

wild

animals

Certificate or

Panchnama issued

by Doctor Sarpanch

Panchayat

Secretary Local

Body


the treatment

In the event of



a competent medical

practitioner

(Check it only for


related cases)

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 7

working

days

For rural

area - 7

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

15

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors

Payment

of relief

for

animal

loss

from

wild

animals

Receipt of written

information to the

concerned forest


48 hours regarding

the incident

Forest

Range

Officer


कािी)

For Urban

Area - 30

working

days

For rural

area - 30

working

days

Forest Officer

(वन


Deputy

Director

Assistant

Director of

Protected Area

30

working

Days

Conservator

of forest

protected

area

Directors





21















Notified

Service

Documents

to be

attached

along with

the

Application

Name of the

designated officer

Deadline

to provide

services

Designation

and Address

of the First

Appellate

Officer

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first

appeal

Designation

and

Address of

the Second

Appellate

Officer

Payment

of crop

loss from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

No

document is

required for

this service

Cases up to Rs

30000 cases

Tehsildar

Additional

Tehsildar Naib

Tehsildar ( in

their respective

jurisdiction)

As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Subdivisional

Officer

Revenue As soon

as

possible

but within

30 working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Collector

Cases up to Rs

50000

Subdivisional

Officer Revenue


commission

er

Cases up to Rs

2 lakhs Collector

Divisional

commissioner

Secretary

Revenue



22




as follows-







Guarantee Act





with the reason


as follows-










software


23












signature













working days







24






















financial aid






25








(Klemm 1996)

391 Concept













2013)






26



























27






























28



for these changes












guidelines







29

38

4

25

9

3

3

8

4

1

3

3

2

1

-5

5

15

25

35

45

55







diagrams etc










4111 Sample Size













un-approachable


30






4112 Area Profile












area











263

8158

1579

Type of Area



31












166711 16502016

705560

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000


Average Distance

1704

8

2324

3830

10

20

30

40

50

60

70


Average Distance


32

263

2368

2368

5000

18-30 30-40 40-50 gt50

436

344

435482

7368

100

726667

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


0

1

2

3

4

5

6
























acre

b Age profile





years


33

7632

2368

Literacy

Literate Illitearte

















of the society




8947

1053

Gender

Male Female

2368

4737

2368

526


General

OBC

SC

ST


34




















1579

42111842

1579

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

1842

4211

2368

789

789


lt50000

50k - 1 Lakh

1 Lakh - 2 Lakh

2 Lakh - 3 Lakh

gt 3 Lakh

5000

5000

Income Category

APL BPL


35








extent




activities










activities








6923

513

256

2051

256

3077

Agriculture Only







36


















9537

33067

11614

9225

13939

20350

760010000

5700

35034

6665

10000

17700

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000




37






















-008

20242

16009

29217

14165

-7021

1513

38000

1631615404

9805

35000

6949

-10000

-5000

000

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000



38

2145

275

182

2778

0

5

10

15

20

25

30



4116 Crop Raiding






every month




reported per month

















4737

4737

789

7105

3421

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80





39












responses








4474

7368

789

2368

263789

3684

1842 1842

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


2895

100

2105 21051579

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100




40

8947

1053


Yes No










effective at all

9211

789000




41










421

7368

2895

6316

789

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80




42













132

232

342308

487

0

1

2

3

4

5

6





43






compensation















and Lok Seva Kendra





421 cases



5263

3684

5260

1316

0

20

40

60

80

100




421

8421

0 263 00

20

40

60

80

100



44










with 6053 responses







6053

2895

1316

421

0

23682632

00

10

20

30

40

50

60

70





6579

3421


Yes No


45





























255 605 692

19908 20845





Total Time

4864334

12658

7816 6447

2771





Other Total


46
















well











officer Patwari

3158

6316

263

1316

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80






No One

Others

789

9737

0102030405060708090

100






No One

Others


47

















respectively











17

22

14

21

0

5

10

15

20

25




48















the best option











b Rating of Impacts




6842

789

1316

526

263263

3158

No

Yes



Kill the Animal

Taking No Action

Other


49
























50




















C










51










fencings













can be continued





bull Timely payment



52





season


























53































54




farmer -



to go)rdquo





all











follows








55





























groups at night


56



























consequences




57



























58




Crop Raiding

Existing scenario





Main causes





Impacts of Crop

Raiding






59











Compensation

Procedure

Existing Procedure











60




Existing Package




















61




Suggestion










62
















reference













trapping of animals


63















it should be given




given in fullrdquo








64














of people













2018-19


65
















66





Application days




Assessing Officer



Sanctioning Officer



(from incident)






Note




67

Glossary of Terms












Insights from India







68



Andhra Pradesh





Arunachal Pradesh
















69















Gujarat No Policy

Haryana No Policy

Himachal Pradesh

No Policy

Jammu and Kashmir

No Policy


70



$1495)



Madhya Pradesh



71




















per hectare


72








Manipur No Policy



Nagaland No Policy



Rajasthan No Policy






73














Insights from India









74






75








Sr

No

Category of Land

holder Farmer

based on total

agricultural land

held

Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount

given for Crop loss


Grant-in-aid amount


of more than 50

percent

1

Small and marginal

farmers - farmers

land holders



5000 - (Rs Five



8000 - (Rs Eight



16000 - (Rs Sixteen




76

land from 0 hectare

to 2 hectare

9000 - (Rs Nine


15000 - (Rs Fifteen


30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

9000 - (Rs Nine


For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 15000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 20000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 26000 -

(Rs Twenty Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare

___



crop Rs 6000 - (Rs

Six thousand) per


Rs 7500 - (Rs

Seven thousand five



crop Rs 12000 -


per hectare and For

Coral Rs 15000 -



77


2

Farmers different

from small and

marginal farmers -

farmers land

holders holding

more than 2

hectares of

agricultural land


4500 - (Rs Four


per hectare


6800 - (Rs Six

thousand eight





per hectare


6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare




per hectare


27000 - (Rs Twenty

Seven thousand) per

hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

6500 - (Rs Six


per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop



months from sowing

transplanting) - Rs

30000 - (Rs Thirty


For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 12000 - (Rs


hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 18000 - (Rs

Eighteen thousand)

per hectare

For Baramahi crop


affected after more

than 6 months from


- Rs 30000 - (Rs


hectare

For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 14000 -

(Rs Fourteen


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 18000 -

(Rs Eighteen Six


For cultivation of


Isabgol Rs 30000 -


per hectare



78































79












descriptions







false claims





80
























(d))


81














annexure N)


82














SDO (Forest)




damage assessment





Guard







83


























84






Notified

Service

Name of the

designated

officer

Deadline to

provide

services

Designation

of the First

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

first appeal

Designation

of the Second

Appellate

authority

Time limit

fixed for

disposal of

second

appeal

Payment

of crop

loss

from

wild

animals

(in

revenue

and

forest

villages)

Cases up to

50

damage

Forest Beat

Guard

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Forest Range

Officer

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working

days from

the date of

receipt of

application

Sub Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

As soon as

possible but

within 30

working days

from the date

of receipt of

application

Cases with

more than

50

damage

Forest

Range

officer

Sub

Divisional

Officer

(Forest)

District

Divisional

Forest Officer

(DFO)













85



compensation











applications















86







options include



















87










d HDPE net fencing





















88

c Cactus as fencing





























89































90







2010 2011 2012 2013 2014



91



2010 2011 2012 2013 2014


Note





92






1





in your area)












2






loss by wildlife)



d gh ckj feyk gS






cckZnh gksrh gS


ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg








93

2A





compensation)




2B






(hassle free)







2C












tkuk pkfg


csgrj gS

3







wildlife


de gksrh gS



vkodrk gS


94

3A








the package)


iSdst esa kkfey gSa






pkfg

3B




process)


tkrk gS






fdk tkuk pkfg



3C









feyrk gS



csgrj gS

4-








95

wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)


4B






gksuk k lw[k tkuk





psdMSEl cuks tks




5-
















Qly dk gksrk gS





lykg dh vkodrk gS

5A








96





5B









ccedilnku dh tks




6-








6A










6B











Fkhfrac12


97

6C





pkfg


pkfg


gS

7












fdk tks



tks





7A



pkfg

7B



package)






gS




98





8











9







damage by wildlife)



gS

10







OoLFkk


tks





99



duration)

cukbZ tks

11









package)





fnk tks


100






1





in your area)









eku pqds gSa

2






loss by wildlife)





dh Hkwfedk gS










rks Bhd jgsxk


101

2A





compensation)






VkbZIM vkosnu

LVkEi isij



2B






(hassle free)






ikl Hkstrs gSa

2C










tkuk pkfg

3









vkodrk gS


102


wildlife

3A








the package)




ugha djkk xk gS



pkfg


dh tjr gS

3B




process)


jkfk gh de feyrh gS







pkfg

3C









feyuk







jgh gS


103



wildlife)



crkk

4A






destroy crops)



rjg gh gS




eqyke gksrh gS

4B















gqvk gS



fLFkfr cuh jgs

5-







tkrk gS





104





Hkh enn fey tkrh gS

5A









nsa



5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-











6A









tks


105



6B







tkuk pkfg


6C







pkfg


pkfg



gS

7




















106

7A



pkfg

7B



package)






OoLFkk fd tkuh pkfg



rks vPNh ckr gS



8











9






gS


107




damage by wildlife)



vlQy jgrh gS

10







duration)



11









package)




108






1





in your area)











2






loss by wildlife)


vyx Fkh









109

2A





compensation)



gS

2B






(hassle free)




2C









3







wildlife




clt+kk tkuk pkfg


110

3A








the package)








dh tjr gS

3B




process)




ugha nh tkrh gS




3C











4-








111


wildlife)

4A






destroy crops)




tkrk gS


tkrh gS

4B







yxrh gS


vfrOslashek


5-
















112





iSnk gks tkrk gS



ls cp tkrs gSa





5B










gS


k 10 QhV gksuh pkfg


djaV u yxkk tk lds

6-








6A












113

6B







tkuk pkfg



6C








gS

7













tks


7A



pkfg



fdk tkuk pkfg


114




tks dh feyuk pkfg


and Cultural Costs






pkfg

8












ds kjk iSls ekaxs x

9







gS




115



damage by wildlife)

ugha dj ldrk gS

10







duration)





11









package)



vuqefr ns nh tks


116






1





in your area)



vkrad QSyk gqvk gS










2






loss by wildlife)



gksuk gS







ds fy tkxdrk vfHkku

pyks tkus pkfg






117




2A





compensation)




tSls fd


[ksr dk uDkk]



2B






(hassle free)


jkfk dk de gksuk gS





2C









tkrh gS




d gh txg ij gks tks



pkfg



118

3







wildlife






vkodrk gS

3A








the package)


Qlysa vkrh gSa

3B




process)



gS



3C







djrsa gSa




tk rks csgrj gksxk


119

4-





wildlife)


btkQk gks jgk gS



tkrs gSa

4A






destroy crops)




4B












NwV

5-















vlj iM+rk gS


120

5A











gksrh gS

5B









ccedilnku dh tks


gS

6-








tks rks csgrj gS

6A










121





tkuk pkfg


6C





pkfg


gS

7















feyuk pkfg


7A



vuqi ugha feyrk gS





122

package)





and Cultural Costs







8










gksrk gS

9






gS


123





10







duration)





fy mfpr dne mBks tk

11









package)



124






1













1A







bull ikuh dk ladV

2





households)



125

2A








ccedilHkko ugha gS


gS

2B







clt+ tkrk gS




3








djrs gSa


pyk tkrk gS

3A








3B




such cases)


ds fy cksyk tkrk gS


126

3C





by villagers)





4-












gS


4A




4B




4C







curh


127

4D







pkfg

5







bull ccedildkk

bull iVk[ks

bull ltksy uxkM+s

bull okj Qsaflax

5A







6







whole procedure)


gS


7







gS


128


7A











dh tjr gS


tkuk pkfg

8









ekurs



dke fdk tk ldrk gS

9







of crop raiding





gSa


129






1







bull lger gSa



Tknk gksxk

1A











2





households)



130

2A






[kkl ugha gSa

2B









Hkh lkeus vkbZ gSa

3








cksyrs gSa


ikl vkrs gS

3A





nsuk gksrk gS



3B




such cases)



Hkwfedk ugha gS



vkids gSa


131

3C





by villagers)


4-














4A



of stakeholders)



4B






4C









132

4D







5









5A






6







whole procedure)


gS


7





bull ikuh dh OoLFkk



133


7A








8







gSa



9







of crop raiding




134






1










1A








vkokxeu djrs gSa



2





households)

bull vkfFkZd fLFkfr



135

2A






2B







3







3A






gqvk gS

3B




such cases)





136




by villagers)

4-









4A




4B






4C





bull ugha



137




tks


5







5A






6







whole procedure)


7





bull Qsaflax


138


7A







bull Qsaflax

8






bull tkxdrk ds fy




9







of crop raiding



139






1









tkrh gS

1A







2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku




140

2A







2B







kVuka gks ldrh gSa


ldrk gS

3







3A




bull vkosnu

bull laqauml eqvkuk


tkrs gSa

3B




such cases)




djuk iM+rk gS


141

3C





by villagers)


4-










gS

4A




4B






4C







142

4D











5







5A





crk ldrk gS

6







whole procedure)


7






143



7A








8







9







of crop raiding


crk ldrk gS


144






1









1A







deha


2





households)



ikuk

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


145

2A







gks tkuk

2B







pkgrs gSa


3









3A






rSkj djuk

3B




such cases)






146




by villagers)

4-











rglhynkj dk dke gS

4A




4B




4C





bull ugha



147




5






bull tkyh Qsaflax

5A




6







whole procedure)

bull ugha

7






mikksa dk miksx


148


7A









8







9







of crop raiding


ifjkke gks ldrs gSa



djrk gS


149






1









vklku gksrk gS



lhfer gSafrac12

1A









2





households)

bull vkfFkZd uqdlku


150

2A










2B






bull Qans yxkrs gSa


3







gSa

3A





gSa

3B




such cases)





151




by villagers)

4-










pkfg




mudk jkst dk dke gS


iwjh rjg ls fnk tks

4A




4B





ldrs gSa

4C





bull ugha



152




5







bull okj Qsaflax


5A




6







whole procedure)


7







153


7A








gVkk tkuk

8







fuHkk ldrs gSa

9







of crop raiding


egRoiwkZ gS


154








पिला

तहसील

गराम








155






























पदनाक

थिान




156

References

















175-185



389






157











70



CROP RAIDING - aiggpa.mp.gov.inaiggpa.mp.gov.in/uploads/project/Report_Gaurav_Khare.pdf · Project...

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