Crop Diversification 05

8/3/2019 Crop Diversification 05

1/13

1

An Analysis of Crop Diversification

Dr. Rajiv Mehta

Member Secretary, CACP

Ministry of Agriculture

Government of India

National Conference on Agriculture for Kharif Campaign-2005

22nd 23rd March 2005

New Delhi


2/13

2

Crop Diversification

An effective strategy for achieving

food & nutrition security,

income growth, poverty alleviation,

employment generation,

judicious use of land and water resources,

sustainable agricultural development, and environmental improvement,

(FAO 2001; Singh 2001).


3/13

3

Catalysts for crop diversification

Demand

Supply response

PriceMarket mechanism

Competitiveness

Sustainability Response for efficient resource use

Policy Stimulants


4/13

4

Crop Diversification Macro-perspective

Land - an inelastic factor of production. Declining net area sown 141 million hectares

Slow vertical expansionGross Cropped Area 1990-01 1999-2000

(million hectares) 185 190 Depleting Water Availability

Stress on Soil quality

Skewed Cropping Pattern Area under foodgrains - 66 percent.

Area under rice and wheat - 37per cent

Area under oilseeds 14 per cent.

Area under Cotton & Sugarcane 7 percent

Share of other crops - 13 per cent.


5/13

5

Analysis of Crop Diversification

Macro-perspective .contd

Annual Compound Growth Rate of

Crop Area (% per annum)

Crops 84-85 to 94-95 94-95 to 03-04Rice 0.53 -0.05

Wheat 0.91 0.2

Cor. Cer. -2.14 -1.09

Maize 0.49 1.67

Pulses -0.21 -0.59

Oilseeds 4.03 -1.9

Cotton 0.74 -0.97

S.cane 2.71 0.95

Annual Growth Rate of Area

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Rice

Whe

at

Cor.Cer.

Maize

Puls

es

Oils

eeds

Cotto

n

S.cane

%

perannum

84-85 to 94-95 94-95 to 03-04


6/13

6

Analysis of Crop Diversification

State -perspective

Quantitative Analysis covers 9 States

Rice Wheat rotation states

Punjab

Haryana

Uttar Pradesh

Rice dominant states

West Bengal

Bihar

Other states

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Maharashtra

Rajasthan

Crop Abbreviations

PDY-k Paddy Kharif

PDY-r Paddy Rabi

WHT WheatCCL-k Coarse Cereals-Kharif

CCL-r Coarse Cereals-Rabi

PLS-k Pulses-Kharif

PLS-r Pulses-Rabi

OLS-k Oilseeds-Kharif OLS-r Oilseeds-Rabi

CTN Cotton

SCN Sugarcane

OTH Others

All the crops except in Others arecovered in MSP operation


7/13

7

Existing Cropping PatternStates Crop Area % to Gross Crop Area (TE 2000-01)

More than 30% 10% to 30 % 2 % to 10%Punjab PDY - k, WHT OTH CTN

Haryana WHT PDY - k, CCL-k PLS-r, OLS-r, CTN, SCN, OTH

Uttar Pradesh WHT PDY -k CCL-k, PLS-k, PLS-r,

OLS-r, SCN, OTH

Rajasthan WHT,CCL-k, OLS-r,OTH

PLS-k, PLS-r, OLS-k, CTN

Maharashtra CCL-k, CCL-r,

PLS-k, CTN, OTH

PDY, WHT, PLS-r, OLS, OLS-k,

CCN

Andhra PDY-k, OLS-k, OTH PDY-r, CCL-k, CCL-r, PLS-k,

PLS-r, OLS-r, CTN

Karnataka CCL-k, CCL-r,

PLS-k, OTH, OLS-k

PDY-k, PDY-r, WHT,

PLS-r, CTN, SCN

Bihar PDY-k WHT CCL-k, CCL-r, PLS-k, PLS-r,

OTH

West Bengal PDY-k PDY-r, OTH WHT, PLS-r, OLS-k,LS-r UTE


8/13

8

Change in Cropping Pattern percentage(From TE 1990-91 to TE 2000-01)

States Shift To Shift From

More than 4% 2% to 4% More than 4% 2% to 4%

Punjab PDY OTH WHT, CTN

Haryana PDY, WHT PLS-r CCL-k, OTH

Uttar Pradesh OTH CCL-k

Rajasthan WHT, OLS-r CCL-k

Maharashtra OTH CTN CCL-k CCL-r, OLS-r

Andhra OTH CTN CCL-k OLS-k

Karnataka CCL-k

Bihar WHT, CCL-r,OTH

CCL-k, PLS-r

West Bengal PDY-r, OTH PDY-k


9/13

9

Index of Crop Diversification

Change in Diversification (1990-91 to 2000-01).

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0.050

Punja

b

Harya

na

UttarPra

desh

Rajas

than

Maha

rashtr

a

Andhra

Prade

sh

Karna

taka

Bihar

WestB

engal

Change in Diver.

Change in Diversification (1990-91 to 2000-01).

0.500

0.550

0.600

0.650

0.700

0.750

0.800

0.850

Punja

b

Harya

na

UttarPra

desh

Rajas

than

Maha

rashtr

a

Andhra

Pradesh

Karna

taka

Bihar

WestB

engal

DiversificationIndex

Div. Index 90-91 Div. Index 2000-01

Index in

1990-91 &

2000-01

Change inDiversification

Index


10/13

10

Value ofAgriculturalOutputPer Hectare

(CurrentPrices)

&

Annual %

GrowthIn Value ofOutput /HA

( In ConstantPrices)

Annual Growth in Value of Output per Hectare (1993-94 prices)

1990-91 to 2000-01

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

Punjab

Harya

na

UttarPr

adesh

Mahara

shtra

AndhraPr

adesh

Karnataka

Bihar

WestB

engal

Percentperannum

Value of Agricultural Output (Current Price )

4000

9000

14000

19000

24000

29000

34000

39000

Punja

b

Haryana

Uttar

Pradesh

Maha

rash

tra

Andh

raPrad

esh

Karnataka

Biha

r

WestBe

ngal

Rs.perhectare

1990-91 2000-01


11/13

11

Crop Diversification Road aheadMacro Issues

Food Security

Foodgrain Requirement 2006-07 2009-10

(Million. Tonns) 230 245

Other Demand Issues

Oilseeds Pulses Demand outpacing domestic supply

Demand (2006-7) Oilseeds Pulses40 Mn. Tns 18 Mn. Tns

Existing Import substitution - 40% 15%

Rising Demand for Horticulture, Livestock and poultry


12/13

12

Crop Diversification Road aheadState /Region Specific Issues

Sustainability Land, Water, Soil

Demarcation - Regions Districts

Supply Issues Demand Supply Gap

Productivity

Regional Imbalance

Potential in Eastern and Northeastern States

Quality and Premium varietypotential e.g. Wheat

Increasing demand / supply ofHorticulture- Livestock products

Comparative Advantage Existing yield gaps.

Stagnant Productivity

Alternative Cropping Choices

Research Extension Linkages Export Opportunity

Market and Institutional issues

Backward Forward linkages

Infrastructure Value Addition

Revisiting land reforms

Market Reforms


13/13

13

Thanks

E-mail: [email protected]

Crop Diversification 05

Documents

Transcript of Crop Diversification 05