Crop Disease...
Transcript of Crop Disease...
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Crop Disease Management----------------------------------------
Row Crop Short Course
Jackson County Agriculture Conference Center, Marianna, FL
March 7th, 2019
Nicholas S. Dufault
Extension Specialist
Row Crops & Vegetables
Plant Pathology Department/IFAS
University of Florida
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What diseases do you prepare for each year?
• Rusts– Common
– Southern
• Leaf Spots– NCLB
– SCLB
• Stalk Rots
• Ear Rots– Fusarium
– Diplodia
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Do you feel comfortable with the tools we
have for managing disease?
https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/library/
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Fungicide efficacy data available online
https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/library/
https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/download/5702/ - Soybean
https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/download/5214/ - Corn
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New product available for corn and
soybean disease control.
Efficacy for multiple diseases.
http://www.syngenta-us.com/current-label/miravis-top (Soybean)http://www.syngenta-us.com/current-label/miravis-neo (Corn)
Considered Very Good to Excellent on NCLB and
Southern Rust
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Timing is critical to corn & soybean sprays
Need a good ROI with the application
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Timing depends on disease pressure
Recommended timings: Soybean: R1 to R5 with R3 optimalCorn: V8 to R1 with VT optimal
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VT is optimal - most of the timeLet’s say 80 to 90% of the time, what about the remaining 20 to 10%.
0
20
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None V6 V8 R1 R2
Yie
ld (
bu
/A)
Application Timing (Corn Growth Stage)
Affiance (13.5 fl oz/A)
Price et al., LSU Agcenter, 2017
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Monitoring for diseases important.
Field Scouting and Social Exchange
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We can help with disease I.D.
Often you have more than one thing
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Disease I.D. is also important resistance
management
http://iwilltakeaction.com/diseases/principles-of-resistance
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Peanut Disease Management
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Which disease(s) do you prepare for each
year in peanuts?
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Factors to consider when looking to save
on disease control.
• Rotation (avoid short)
• Planting Date
• Variety – diversify
• Certified vs Saved Seed
• Fungicides
– Late start or behind
– “Weaker” fungicides
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All decisions for these diseases are made
before the furrow closes.
Nematodes
Crown Rot
Spotted Wilt
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Group M
Available fungicides by FRAC grouping
Group 3
Group 7
Group 11
Mixed
Group 1
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Stem rot/White mold fungicides
Group MGroup 3
Group 7
Group 11
Mixed
Group 1
?
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Leaf spot fungicides
Group MGroup 3
Group 7
Group 11
Mixed
Group 1
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All the fungicides will have activity for
pathogens on the labels.
Limitations do exist, but depends a lot of the pathogen present in your field
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Some 2018 trial results
Locations:
NFREC, Live Oak
NFREC, Marianna
PSREU, Citra, FL
Hamilton Co.
Disease:
Low white mold, Leaf spot varied
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June Planting, PSREU
Disease Onset: ~50 DAPFinal Severity: ~80 %
LSD = 1019
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May Planting, PSREU
Disease Onset: ~60 DAPFinal Severity: 80 %
LSD = 725
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May Planting, PSREU
LSD = 511
Disease Onset: 55 DAPFinal Severity: 60 %
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May Planting, NFREC Live Oak
Disease Onset: ~70 DAPFinal Severity: ~ 80 %
LSD =540
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June Planting, PSREU
LSD =658
Day 78 Spray
44 & 92 DAP
Disease Onset: ~40 DAPFinal Severity: 90 %
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Based on
these
results, what
do you think
about…
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The new fungicides can be useful
• Lucento could be a good leaf spot
fungicide, but more data is needed.
• Miravis is effective and does provide a
longer window between sprays (leaf spot
only)
• Acropolis can be a good leaf spot rotational
fungicide
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Peanut Rx Program Efficacy 2018 Small
Plots (NFREC, Live Oak - ELS)
LSD =540
Disease Onset: ~70 DAPFinal Severity: ~ 80 %
ElatusMiravis
PriaxorLate
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Peanut Rx Program Efficacy 2018 Small
Plots (NFREC, Marianna- LLS)
LSD =1200
Disease Onset: ~90 DAPFinal Severity: ~ 50 %
Elatus777
PriaxorLate
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Peanut Rx Program Efficacy 2018 Large
Plots (Hamilton Co.)
LSD = NS
Disease Onset: >100 DAPFinal Severity: < 10 %
ElatusMiravis
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What do you think about the Peanut Rx
programs?
On average they work, but some ups and downs.
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Can you get by with a “cheaper” program?
Many products
available
Group MGroup 3
Group 7
Group 11
Mixed
Group 1
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For example: Leaf spot management
Chlorothalonil (1-1.5 pts/a)
• 2.5 fl oz/a Domark®
• 5-10 fl oz/a Topsin® M
• 5.5 fl oz/a Alto®
• 7-14 fl oz/a Topguard®
Other products
• 2 lb/a Koverall® + 14 fl
oz/a Topguard®
• 1.5 pt/a Elast® 400F
• 3.5 fl oz/a Absolute®
• 6 to 8 fl oz/ a Priaxor®
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Large plot input comparison trials
37 DAP 51 DAP 64 DAP 78 DAP 93 DAP 108 DAP 126 DAP Total Fug.27-Jun-18 11-Jul-18 24-Jul-18 7-Aug-18 22-Aug-18 6-Sep-18 24-Sep-18 Yearly Cost
High InputProline
(5.7 oz/A)$21.83/A
Provost Opti (10.7 oz/A) $18.40/A
Abound (18.5 oz/A) $18.87/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
Provost Opti (10.7 oz/A) $18.40/A
Provost Opti (10.7 oz/A) $18.40/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
$114.14Acre
Low InputChlorothalonil
(24 oz/A) $9.12/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
Tebuconazole (7.2 oz/A) $2.38/A
Abound (18.5 oz/A) $18.87/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
Tebuconazole (7.2 oz/A) $2.38/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
Tebuconazole (7.2 oz/A) $2.38/A
Chlorothalonil (24 oz/A) $9.12/A
$89.85Acre
NFREC, Live Oak – Large Plot Trial 2018
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Disease pressure was low in both plots but check strips
were completely defoliated by leaf spot
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Results depend on year and stress
Only difference is addition of Proline
Both programs have 3 FRAC groups
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Variety & disease onset crucial in returns
Planting
Leaf spot
90 Days After Planting
Harvest
Less root and crown damage in FloRun™ ‘331’
Price = $350 per ton
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A great application decision requires
knowledge & luck
https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/
There are also many hidden factors involved:- Duration of fungicide - Environment stress
- Infection (when and where)- Pathogen genetics
- Others?
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So, can you get by with a cheaper program?
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It is possible but “hedge your bets”
BetBetBetBet
Thinking in Bets, 2018, A. Dukes
Get as much information as you can!
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Variety, planting date & fungicides
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Thank you