Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills
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Transcript of Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills
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Finishing School Course Plan ACD2511: Critical Thinking & Problem
Solving Skills
BizMentors Pvt. Ltd.
TM
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The Objectives of This Session
To provide insights to the participants, about the role of criticalthinking for success in any problem situation.
To expose participants to likely challenges of critical thinking and
problem solving, and help them develop their problem solving skills.
To thereby help participants develop convictions about the
importance of developing into good problem solvers for success.
TM
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Significance of Problem solving - I
Children On A Railway TrackYou are walking along a path running parallel to a railway track,
when you come across some children playing on the tracks.
You notice that its is a live track, with a disused track branching
off from it at a point. The disused track is separated from the
live one by a lever-operated track-change switch. You see that
while most of the children are playing on the disused track,
there is a small, blind boy of around six, who is playing all by
himself on the live track. Suddenly you hear the loud horn and
the thundering sound of an approaching train.
What will you do ?
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Significance of Problem solving - II
Problem solving involves : Holistic understanding of the problem situation.
Gathering input data about the problem.
Analysis.
Solution generation.
Solution selection.
The need to manage conflicting pulls of :
Individual Vs. Team efforts. Conventional Vs. Creative thinking.
Rational analysis Vs. Judgment ( Gut-feel ).
Quantitative Vs. Qualitative data / analysis.
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Definitions - I
What is a problem?
A problem occurs, when there is a difference between
the desired result and the actual result of a
process.
What is problem identification?
Realizingsuch a difference is identification of aproblem. Therefore, problem identification process is
limited by the knowledgeavailable for the process.
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Definitions - II
What is problem selection?
When we have identified a multitude of problems,
all of which cannotbe addressed with the resources
available, we need to prioritizethe problems to be
addressed. What is problem solving?
The process of analyzingthe selected problem to
establish the root cause and then finding the best
way of eliminatingthe same.
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Dos and Donts of problem solving - I
Attitude towards problem solving:
Every problem is a challenge giving rise to an
opportunity.
One should enjoy the thrill of the challenge ratherthan become stressed and look for relief / escape
from it.
Be positive, every challenge will eventually be
overcome if you persevere.
Recognize our jobs / roles exist for solving problems
or overcoming challenges.
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Dos and Donts of problem solving - II
People Focus :
Should be used to find and leverage useful strengths /
aptitudes that match required processes.
Should aim to improve understanding and execution ofprocesses.
Should not be aimed at finding who did it wrong, but
rather, who can do it right.
Objective interactions to keep minimize emotionalconflicts.
Create emotional bonds that removes boundaries of
functional structures.
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Challenges Of Problem Selection
What are the issues at hand ?
Which ones are the most crucial for the long term ?
Which ones are necessary for the medium term ?
Which ones are urgent in the immediate term ? In which cases do we have a choice ?
Which are the forced choices ?
How do we prioritize resource deployment ?
How do we ensure consensus and buy-in by allconcerned while making these choices ?
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Challenges Of Problem solving
How do we ensure consideration of all inputs for thesolving process ?
How do we ensure that the root cause is correctly
determined ?
How do we ensure consideration of all possible solutions?
How do we evaluate probabilities of success or failure of
each component of the solution ?
How do we ensure that no opportunity is lost in forming
the solution ?
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Individual vs. Group Problem Solving
In establishing objectives, groups are probably superior
to individuals because of the greater amount of knowledge
available to groups.
In identifying alternatives, the individual efforts of groupmembers encourage broader searches in various
functional areas of the organization.
In evaluating alternatives, the collective judgment of thegroup, with its wider range of viewpoints, often turn out to
be superior to that of individual decision makers.
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Brainstorming
Pareto chart
Cause& Effect
Run
Histogram & Normal Distribution
Scatter
Control
ProblemIdentification
Problem Solving
Problem Solving tools
Flow Chart
ProblemSelection
5 Whys
QFD
DOE
Check Sheet
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Brainstorming With The Mind-Map Tool
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