Critical Thinking
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Transcript of Critical Thinking
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Critical Thinking
Gerald Rinehart
Carlson School of ManagementUniversity of Minnesota
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What is “thinking”
• Producing ideas
• vs. day-dreaming?
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What does “critical” mean?
• Essential, indispensable
• Going beyond recall of information
• Evaluating ideas
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Critical thinking asks questions about events, issues, information.• Where did it come from? How reliable is
the source?
• How is it similar/different from information I already know?
• What could explain it?
• What causes led to it? What effects does it have?
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SituationsSituation Non-
questioningQuestioning
Lecture on cause of Viet Nam War
A friend says your roommate said bad things about you
Your boss is angry with you
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Seven Elements of Critical Thinking
• Recall• Similarity• Difference• Cause and effect
“Really Smart Dogs Cook Enchiladas in Eggs”
• Example to idea• Idea to example• Evaluation
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Recall
• facts, sequence, description
• Who? What? When? Where?
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Similarity:
• Analogy or likeness (with other events or situations
• Discovering that several arguments have something in common.
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Difference:
• Distinction/contrast
• What is different in this situation?
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Cause and effect:
• What are possible reasons for something that has occurred? Are the stated reasons valid?
• What are possible consequences of an event? Are the stated consequences valid?
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Example to idea: generalization, classification, conceptualization. • Grouping facts or events into patterns allowing
you to see a general trend. Classifying a specific fact into a larger category of issues.
• Ex: women make less money than men in many occupations; women occupy fewer leadership positions than men—>
• Conclusion: men are favored in the workplace?
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Idea to examples:
• From general principle or statement to specific examples
• (ex. Men are favored in the workplace—example 1, 2, etc.)
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Evaluation: value, judgment, rating.
• Once you have the facts gathered, you decide is something is right or wrong, good or bad by identifying its positive and negative effects.
• Cause and effect analysis accompanies evaluation.
• Ex: opportunity to cheat on a test