Crises of the 14 th & 15 th Centuries. Crises of the 14 th and 15 th Centuries Hundred Years’ War...
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Crises of the 14 Crises of the 14 th th & & 15 15 th th Centuries Centuries
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Transcript of Crises of the 14 th & 15 th Centuries. Crises of the 14 th and 15 th Centuries Hundred Years’ War...
Crises of the 14Crises of the 14thth & 15 & 15thth CenturiesCenturies
Crises of the 14Crises of the 14thth and 15 and 15thth CenturiesCenturies
Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy
(1305-1378)(1305-1378) The Great Schism (1378-1415)The Great Schism (1378-1415) Overpopulation and The Black Death Overpopulation and The Black Death
(1348-1361)(1348-1361)
Europe in the 1320sEurope in the 1320s
Hundred Years’ War (1337-Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)1453)
England vs. FranceEngland vs. France– Vassalage: English King vassal of Vassalage: English King vassal of
French KingFrench King– Succession crisis in FranceSuccession crisis in France– Assertion of English King’s Right to Assertion of English King’s Right to
French ThroneFrench Throne– Essentially a Battle for PowerEssentially a Battle for Power
Hundred Years’ War (1337-Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)1453)
England vs. FranceEngland vs. France– Vassalage: English King vassal of Vassalage: English King vassal of
French KingFrench King– Assertion of English King’s Right to Assertion of English King’s Right to
French ThroneFrench Throne– Essentially a Battle for PowerEssentially a Battle for Power
England Successful EarlyEngland Successful Early– Crecy (1346) & Poitiers (1356)Crecy (1346) & Poitiers (1356)– Peace of Bretigny (1360)Peace of Bretigny (1360)
Hundred Years’ War (1337-Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453)1453)
England vs. FranceEngland vs. France England successful earlyEngland successful early
– Crecy (1346) Black PrinceCrecy (1346) Black Prince– Poitiers (1356) John II captured and held Poitiers (1356) John II captured and held
for ransomfor ransom Peace of Bretigny (1360)Peace of Bretigny (1360) Battle of Agincourt (1415) & Treaty of Battle of Agincourt (1415) & Treaty of
Troyes (1420): The height of English Troyes (1420): The height of English PowerPower
Joan of Arc (1412-1431): French Joan of Arc (1412-1431): French NationalismNationalism
Joan of Arc at OrleansJoan of Arc at Orleans
Results of the Hundred Years’ Results of the Hundred Years’ WarWar
Rise in Efficiency of English and French Rise in Efficiency of English and French StatesStates
Growth of French NationalismGrowth of French Nationalism Discomfort for Common PeopleDiscomfort for Common People
– Plunder by the ArmiesPlunder by the Armies– Weakened PhysicallyWeakened Physically– Taxes UpTaxes Up– Depravations by the Mercenary Depravations by the Mercenary
CompaniesCompanies
The 14The 14thth & 15 & 15thth C. Papacy: C. Papacy: “Babylonian Captivity”“Babylonian Captivity”
Centralized Papacy of 13Centralized Papacy of 13thth century led to century led to tensionstensions– Control of the College of CardinalsControl of the College of Cardinals– Disagreements with England and FranceDisagreements with England and France
Boniface VIII vs. Philip the FairBoniface VIII vs. Philip the Fair– Unam Sanctum (1302)Unam Sanctum (1302)
Clement V Moves to Avignon (1305-1377): Clement V Moves to Avignon (1305-1377): “The Babylonian Captivity” or “Avignon “The Babylonian Captivity” or “Avignon Papacy”Papacy”– Pope John XXII: Financial Wizardry & Pope John XXII: Financial Wizardry &
Political InterferencePolitical Interference
The 14The 14thth and 15 and 15thth C. Papacy: C. Papacy: “The Great Schism,” 1378-1417“The Great Schism,” 1378-1417
1378: Election of the Italian Urban VI at 1378: Election of the Italian Urban VI at Rome prompts French Cardinals to Elect the Rome prompts French Cardinals to Elect the French Clement VIIFrench Clement VII
Rival Popes: Split exacerbates dissent Rival Popes: Split exacerbates dissent among average Christiansamong average Christians– Heretical Movements: Lollards & HussitesHeretical Movements: Lollards & Hussites– Gallican LibertiesGallican Liberties
ConciliarismConciliarism– Initial Setbacks: THREE Popes!!!Initial Setbacks: THREE Popes!!!– Council of Constance (1415)Council of Constance (1415)– Schism Ends with Martin V (1417-1431)Schism Ends with Martin V (1417-1431)
