Criminology II Nature and Extent of Crime Unit 3
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Transcript of Criminology II Nature and Extent of Crime Unit 3
Nationally-representative data collection consists of:UCRNCVSNIBRS
Crime trends typically based on official data Self-report Surveys expand the knowledge of the
nature and extent of crime beyond officially reported data
However, Self-report Surveys also have methodological issues
This week your reading discusses the contribution of the victim to the crime incident. For the victim, this is known as victimization. In doing so, we have (or will) read about different victimization theories.
What is Victimization?
The act of being a victim of a crime
The victim’s view in a crime event
Are victimization events stable over time?
NCVS victimization findings are fairly stable from year to year with a slight decline in the last couple years.
Although in decline the rates from year to year by gender are fairly consistent across genders.
Why is this stability important?
How does it relate to research, theory construction/assessment, and crime prevention?
Stability of victimization findings allow:Assessment of theories of victimizationDevelopment of new theories of victimizationDevelopment of crime prevention strategiesDevelopment of more effective law enforcement
strategiesAssessment of the detailed nature of
victimization
Victims utilize provocative behavior that leads to their subsequent victimization
Active vs. PassiveHow do these differ?
Victims utilize provocative behavior that leads to their subsequent victimization
Active vs. PassiveActive includes physical gestures or wordsPassive consists of unknowing threats
An individual’s high-risk lifestyle gives him/her a greater chance for victimization
Links victimization to both individual behavior and the social structure
Role Expectations and social structure impose constraints that must be adapted for smooth function in societyLack of adaptation to society leads to a lifestyle
that leads to exposureWhich can lead to victimization
Individuals are more likely to become a victim because they live in areas of high social disorganization
This exposure to the criminal activities of others then leads to possible victimization
Thus, victimization is a function of place not of one’s lifestyle
Convergence in time and space of motivated offenders and suitable targets in the absence of capable guardians leads to criminal opportunity
(Cohen/Felson, 1979)
Victimization OccursBecause
These coincide
Han
dler
Guardian
Manager
Off
ende
r Target
Place
Eck (1994)
Victimization OccursBecause
These coincide
Han
dler
Guardian
Manager
Off
ende
r Target
Place
Eck (1994)
In the absence of effective Controllers
What is Victim-blaming?When the victim is held completely or partially
responsible for the crime, whether informally or formally
12-17 slide PowerPoint presentation (including title page & references slide)
Discuss Routine Activity Theory (RAT) (do not copy my slides!) What are the main elements (2-3 slides)
How can this theory explain how individuals/objects become victimized? (2-3 slides)
How does RAT involve concepts of rational choice theory (2-3 slides)
Discuss how Situational Crime prevention Strategies can help to reduce crime within the context of RAT (2-3 slides)
FORMAT Use Title slide, Outline Slide, & Reference slide Include an Introduction & a Conclusion slide Use examples Cite your sources (at least 2 beyond the
textbook) 12-17 slides Be Creative