Criminal Law 1 - Compilation of Full Cases, Second Set (Ponelas-palaganas)

8/9/2019 Criminal Law 1 - Compilation of Full Cases, Second Set (Ponelas-palaganas)

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May 18, 1959G.R. No. L-10853THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,plainti -app!ll!!,"#.S$L%$&OR PONEL$S ' IN$(E $N&($%IER ENORIO ' HERN$N&E),*! !n*ant#-app!llant#.

BAUTISTA ANGELO, J .:Salvador Ponelas and Javier Enorio werecharged wi h ra!e "e#ore he $o%r o# &irsIns ance o# 'anila. Bo h were #o%nd g%il (and sen enced each o s%##er aninde er)ina e !enal ( o# #ro) *+ (ears o#

prision mayor o + (ears o# reclusiontemporal , o inde)ni#( -oin l( and severall(

he heirs o# he deceased in he s%) o#P , . and o !a( he cos s.Bo h a!!ealed o he $o%r o# A!!eals.Pending a!!eal, Ponelas )oved o wi hdrawhis a!!eal which was gran ed. And whenco%nsel #or he acc%sed gave no ice ha hewo%ld onl( raise /%es ions o# law, he casewas cer i#ied o his $o%r as re/% ired "( law.In he )orning o# A!ril + , *0 , Enri/%e'arcelo, a co##ee vendor, wen o Es ero dela 1%in a, near Echag%e, 'anila, o answer acall #or na %re and %!on reaching he !lace,he saw a wo)an in he river drowningwhere%!on he -%)!ed and "ro%gh he girl o

he "an2 o res%sci a e her hro%gh ar i#icialres!ira ion. In he )ean i)e, a )o"ile !a rolarrived a# er having "een in#or)ed o# hedrowning wo)an, while Salvador Ponelasin#or)ed a !olice !recinc o# he drowninginciden . A !olice)an /%es ioned he girl andas2ed her wh( she -%)!ed in o he river. Shere!lied ha she was ra!ed "( wo )en,!oin ing o Ponelas as one o# he) who was

hen aro%nd. Ponelas said no hing when hewas !oin ed o. The wo)an was !laced in ana)"%lance and a2en o he Nor h Generalhos!i al where she died he #ollowinga# ernoon o# 3res!ira or( #ail%re d%e o)ar2ed conges ion and ede)a o# he l%ngs#ollowing s%")ersion in wa er.3 The vaginals)ear a2en #ro) her !riva e organ was#o%nd !osi ive #or several co)!le e s!er)cells.Ponelas was a2en o he !olice s a ion and%!on "eing inves iga ed "( a !olice)an, head)i ed having se4%al in erco%rse wi h hewo)an i)!lica ing one Javier Enorio. 5es a ed ha he la er %sed #orce %!on he girlwho #o%gh wi h her wooden shoes andallowed her o -%)! in o he wa er which she

hrea ened o do "eca%se Javier ho%gh hashe was )ere "l%##ing. 5is s a e)en s were

a2en down in wri ing and were signed "(hi). Javier Enorio was s%"se/%en l( arres ed

and inves iga ed, and he oo ad)i ed his!ar ici!a ion in he ra!e. 5is s a e)en s werealso a2en down in wri ing and signed "( hi).

A# er he inves iga ion, he wo were a2en ohe scene o# he cri)e where he( enac ed

how he( a"%sed and ravished he wo)an.Pho ogra!hs o# he reenac )en were a2en.6e are onl( concerned here wi h he a!!ealo# Javier Enorio since, as alread( s a ed, hea!!eal o# his co7acc%sed Ponelas waswi hdrawn. And in his ins ance, his co%nsel)erel( raises he /%es ion whe her he rialco%r had validl( ac/%ired -%risdic ion over hecase in view o# he es i)on( given in co%r"( Leonor Sara"ia who signed he co)!lain

ha gave rise o he !rosec% ion o# he wode#endan s. In his connec ion, co%nsel !oses

he #ollowing /%es ions: since he cri)e o#ra!e can onl( "e !rosec% ed %!on co)!laino# he o##ended !ar (, her !aren s,grand!aren s, or g%ardian, does #ail%re oco)!l( wi h his re/%ire)en a##ec he

-%risdic ion o# he rial co%r 8I a!!ears ha when he vic i) died as ares%l o# her a e)! o co))i s%icide "(

-%)!ing in o he river, he a% hori ies wai ed#or her rela ives o clai) #or her "od( whichwas 2e! in he )org%e #or so)e i)e.

A!!aren l(, he deceased had nei her!aren s, grand!aren s, or rela ives. La er,however, one Leonora Sara"ia ca)e alongin/%iring a"o% niece o# hers whodisa!!eared, and so she was a2en o he)org%e. A# er he co##in was o!ened andLeonor and her "ro her were allowed oe4a)ine he cadaver, he( s a ed ha hevic i) was heir )issing niece and a!!aren l("eca%se she )ade he a% hori ies 2now hashe was her g%ardian, Leonor was a2en o

he ci ( #iscal9s o##ice where she #iled heco)!lain which gave rise o he !rosec% iono# Ponelas and Enorio.I develo!ed, however, a# er he !rosec% ionhad res ed i s case, ha Leonor was!resen ed as wi ness "( he de#ense and

es i#ied ha she )ade a )is a2e in heriden i#ica ion clai)ing ha al ho%gh hedeceased "ore a )ar2ed si)ilari ( o her)issing niece, she was no he one "eca%seher niece %rned o% o "e alive. According oLeonor, he na)e o# her )issing niece was

A)alia Sara"ia whereas he na)e o# hevic i) was &lora de $esareo. And in view o#

his change in he a i %de o# Leonor Sara"ia,co%nsel #or he de#ense now con ends, as hedid in he lower co%r , ha he la er los

-%risdic ion over he case, invo2ing Ar icle ;;o# he


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who #o%gh wi h her wooden shoes andallowed her o -%)! in o he wa er which she

hrea ened o do "eca%se Javier ho%gh hashe was )ere "l%##ing. 5is s a e)en s were

a2en down in wri ing and were signed "(hi). Javier Enorio was s%"se/%en l( arres edand inves iga ed, and he oo ad)i ed his!ar ici!a ion in he ra!e. 5is s a e)en s werealso a2en down in wri ing and signed "( hi).

A# er he inves iga ion, he wo were a2en ohe scene o# he cri)e where he( enac ed

how he( a"%sed and ravished he wo)an.Pho ogra!hs o# he reenac )en were

a2en.chanro"lesvir %alawli"rar( chanro"lesvir %al law li"rar(6e are onl( concerned here wi h he a!!ealo# Javier Enorio since, as alread( s a ed, hea!!eal o# his co7acc%sed Ponelas waswi hdrawn. And in his ins ance, his co%nsel)erel( raises he /%es ion whe her he rialco%r had validl( ac/%ired -%risdic ion over hecase in view o# he es i)on( given in co%r"( Leonor Sara"ia who signed he co)!lain

ha gave rise o he !rosec% ion o# he wode#endan s. In his connec ion, co%nsel !oses

he #ollowing /%es ions: since he cri)e o#ra!e can onl( "e !rosec% ed %!on co)!laino# he o##ended !ar (, her !aren s,grand!aren s, or g%ardian, does #ail%re oco)!l( wi h his re/%ire)en a##ec he

-%risdic ion o# he rial co%r 8chanro"les vir %allaw li"rar(I a!!ears ha when he vic i) died as ares%l o# her a e)! o co))i s%icide "(

-%)!ing in o he river, he a% hori ies wai ed#or her rela ives o clai) #or her "od( whichwas 2e! in he )org%e #or so)e i)e.

A!!aren l(, he deceased had nei her!aren s, grand!aren s, or rela ives. La er,however, one Leonora Sara"ia ca)e alongin/%iring a"o% niece o# hers whodisa!!eared, and so she was a2en o he)org%e. A# er he co##in was o!ened andLeonor and her "ro her were allowed oe4a)ine he cadaver, he( s a ed ha hevic i) was heir )issing niece and a!!aren l("eca%se she )ade he a% hori ies 2now hashe was her g%ardian, Leonor was a2en o

he ci ( #iscal9s o##ice where she #iled heco)!lain which gave rise o he !rosec% iono# Ponelas andEnorio.chanro"lesvir %alawli"rar( chanro"lesvir %al law li"rar(I develo!ed, however, a# er he !rosec% ionhad res ed i s case, ha Leonor was!resen ed as wi ness "( he de#ense and

es i#ied ha she )ade a )is a2e in heriden i#ica ion clai)ing ha al ho%gh hedeceased "ore a )ar2ed si)ilari ( o her)issing niece, she was no he one "eca%seher niece %rned o% o "e alive. According o

Leonor, he na)e o# her )issing niece was A)alia Sara"ia whereas he na)e o# hevic i) was &lora de $esareo. And in view o#

his change in he a i %de o# Leonor Sara"ia,co%nsel #or he de#ense now con ends, as hedid in he lower co%r , ha he la er los

-%risdic ion over he case, invo2ing Ar icle ;;o# he >.SG . AL&>D. Acc%sed

To)o orgo wo%ld no accede o his wi#e9sre/%es . 5e did no li2e o a"andon he ho%sewherein he and his wi#e were hen living.&%r her)ore, he had no inclina ion o leave"eca%se he has )an( !lan s andi)!rove)en s on he land which he was hen#ar)ing in said )%nici!ali ( o# Sir%)a,$a)arines S%r, a own ver( #ar #ro) he!lace o# his in7laws where his wi#e desired

heir #a)il( o rans#er o.On J%ne + , *0>>, a a"o% seven o9cloc2 in

he )orning, he acc%sed le# his ho)e owor2 on his #ar) U!on his re %rn a a"o%nine o9cloc2 ha sa)e )orning. 5e #o%nd hiswi#e and his hree7)on h old "a"( alread(gone. 5e !roceeded o loo2 #or "o h o# he)and so)e i)e la er on, on a rail a"o% woh%ndred C+ D )e ers #ro) heir ho)e, he#inall( saw his wi#e carr(ing his in#an son and"ringing a "%ndle o# clo hes. 5e as2ed and!leaded wi h his wi#e ha she sho%ld re %rnho)e wi h heir child "% she ada)an l(re#%sed o do so. 6hen a!!ellan so%gh o

a2e he child #ro) his wi#e, he la er hrewhe "a"( on he grass( !or ion o# he rail

here"( ca%sing he la er o cr(. This cond%co# his wi#e aro%sed he ire o# he hereinacc%sed. Incensed wi h wra h and his anger"e(ond con rol, a!!ellan !ic2ed li! a !iece o# wood near"( and s ar ed hi ing his wi#e wi hi %n il she #ell o he gro%nd co)!laining o#severe !ains on her ches .


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*0>>, wi h assis ance #ro) his co%nsel de7o#icio, !leaded no g%il ( o he said o##ense.5owever, when his case was called #or rialon ece)"er * , *0>>, his co%nsel)ani#es ed o he co%r ha a# er hiscon#erence wi h he acc%sed, he la ere4!ressed a desire o change his !revio%s!lea o# no g%il ( o ha o# g%il (. Accordingl(,and %!on )o ion "( he co%nsel o# heacc%sed and wi ho% o"-ec ion on he !ar o#

he !rosec% ion, he rial co%r allowed heacc%sed o wi hdraw his original !lea. U!on"eing re7arraigned, he acc%sed en ered a!lea o# g%il (. 5e con#ir)ed he)ani#es a ions )ade "( his co%nsel o heco%r regarding his desire o change his ini ial!lea. 5e e4!ressed his reali=a ion o# hegravi ( o# he o##ense charged agains hi)and he conse/%ences o# his !lea. 5isco%nsel was hen !er)i ed "( he co%r oes a"lish he )i iga ing circ%)s ances whichwere hen invo2ed in #avor o# he acc%sed.

A# er he acc%sed had es i#ied and %!on his!lea given in o!en co%r , he co%r "elow#o%nd hi) g%il ( o# he cri)e o# !arricide, "%wi h hree )i iga ing circ%)s ances in his#avor, na)el(: vol%n ar( s%rrender, !lea o#g%il (, and ha he ac ed %!on an i)!%lse so!ower#%l as na %rall( o have !rod%ced!assion and o"#%sca ion.6i h he i)!osi ion "( he co%r "elow o# he!enal ( o# recl%sion !er!e %a on he hereinacc%sed and he s%"se/%en denial o# his)o ion #or reconsidera ion o# he -%dg)enrendered agains hi), he acc%sed hro%ghhis co%nsel #iled a no ice o# a!!eal o his$o%r .In his a!!eal, acc%sed arg%es and con ends

ha he lower co%r erred:*. In disregarding i s own #indings o# #acwhich showed )ani#es lac2 o# in en o 2illF+. In disregarding he !rovisions o# Ar icle ;0o# he * Phil. FPeo!le vs. &rancisco, >? Phil. 0>F Peo!levs. Belar)ino, 0* Phil. **?D A!!ellee9s Brie#,!!. 7>D. CE)!hasis s%!!liedD6e hold ha he #ac ha he a!!ellan

in ended o )al rea he vic i) onl( or in#lic!h(sical i)-%ries does no e4e)! hi) #ro)lia"ili ( #or he res%l ing and )ore serio%s

cri)e co))i ed. In he case o# Peo!le vs.$li)aco e)iar, * ? Phil. *, where heacc%sed herein had cho2ed his )o her in a#i o# anger "eca%se he la er did no !re!arean( #ood #or hi), i was r%led ha h e cri)eco))i ed "( e)iar is !arricide CAr icle +; ,D. This $o%r is cons rained o a2eno e ha he acc%sed7a!!ellan is said ohave "een in de en ion since J%ne + , *0>>or #or )ore han seven (ears alread(. This$o%r can do no less han e4!ress i s ho!e

ha h e acc%sed7a!!ellan can "e nowe4 ended an a"sol% e or condi ional !ardon"( he Presiden o# he


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Fsee also HHI Enc(clo!aedia Bri annica,

*0** ed., *>*.D I# o his is added he #ac hahe vic i) in his case was )en all(

deranged, according o he de#ense i sel#, i

4

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"eco)es )ore eviden ha he acc%sed iswrong in i)!% ing he na %ral conse/%enceso# his cri)inal ac o an ac o# his vic i).The /%es ion herein raised "( he a!!ellanhas alread( "een #inall( se led "(

-%ris!r%dence. The S%!re)e $o%r o# S!ain,in a decision o# A!ril , *?>0, said in he casesi)ilar o he !resen , he #ollowing:3Inas)%ch as a )an is res!onsi"le #or heconse/%ences o# his ac — and in his case

he !h(sical condi ion and e)!era)en o#he o##ended !ar ( nowise lessen he evil, he

serio%sness whereo# is o "e -%dged, no "(he violence o# he )eans e)!lo(ed, "% "(he res%l ac %all( !rod%cedF and as he

wo%nd which he a!!ellan in#lic ed %!on hedeceased was he ca%se which de er)inedhis dea h, wi ho% his "eing a"le o co%n eraci s e##ec s, i is eviden ha he ac in /%es ionsho%ld "e /%ali#ied as ho)icide, e c.3In he case o# People vs. Almonte (5 P!il.,5"# , he a"do)inal wo%nd was less serio%s

han ha received "( Ari"%a"o in his case,as i was no !ene ra ing, )erel( involving he)%sc%lar iss%e. In said case he dea h o# hevic i) was d%e o a secondar( he)orrhage!rod%ced wen (7#o%r ho%rs a# er he wo%ndhad "een in#lic ed, "eca%se o# he 3"odil()ove)en s o# he !a ien , who was in a s a eo# nervo%sness, si ing %! in "ed, ge ing %!and !acing a"o% he roo), as as aconse/%ence o# which he in ernal vessels,alread( conges ed "eca%se o# he wo%nd,"led, and he he)orrhage h%s !rod%cedca%sed his dea h.3 The co%r in deciding he/%es ion s a ed ha 3when a !erson dies inconse/%ence o# an in ernal he)orrhage"ro%gh on "( )oving a"o% agains hedoc or9s orders, no "eca%se o# carelessnessor a desire o increase he cri)inal lia"ili ( o#his assailan , "% "eca%se o# his nervo%scondi ion d%e o he wo%nd in#lic ed "( saidassailan , he cri)e is ho)icide and no)erel( sligh !h(sical in-%ries, si)!l("eca%se he doc or was o# he o!inion ha

he wo%nd )igh have healed in seven da(s.3The gro%nds #or his r%le o# -%ris!r%dence arecorrec l( se #or h in * *, as#ollows:6hile he co%r s )a( have vacila ed #ro)

i)e o i)e i )a( "e a2en o "e se led r%leo# he co))on law ha on who in#lic s anin-%r( on ano her will "e held res!onsi"le #orhis dea h, al ho%gh i )a( a!!ear ha hedeceased )igh have recovered i# he had

a2en !ro!er care o# hi)sel#, or s%")i ed oa s%rgical o!era ion, or ha %ns2illed ori)!ro!er rea )en aggrava ed he wo%nd

and con ri"% ed o he dea h, or ha dea hwas i))edia el( ca%sed "( a s%rgicalo!era ion rendered necessar( "( he

condi ion o# he wo%nd. The !rinci!le onwhich his r%le is #o%nded is one o# %niversala!!lica ion, and lies a he #o%nda ion o# hecri)inal -%ris!r%dence. I is, ha ever( !ersonis o "e held o con e)!la e and o "eres!onsi"le #or he na %ral conse/%ences o#his own ac s. I# a !erson in#lic s a wo%nd wi ha deadl( wea!on in s%ch a )anner as o !%li#e in -eo!ard(, and dea h #ollows as aconse/%ence o# his #elonio%s and wic2edac , i does no al er i s na %re or di)inish i scri)inali ( o !rove ha o her ca%ses co7o!era ed in !rod%cing he #a al res%l . Indeed,i )a( "e said ha neglec o# he wo%nd or i s%ns2ill#%l and i)!ro!er rea )en , which areo# he)selves conse/%ences o# he cri)inalac , which )igh na %rall( #ollow in an( case,)%s in law "e dee)ed o have "een a)ong

hose which were in con e)!la ion o# heg%il ( !ar (, and #or which he is o "e heldres!onsi"le. B% , however, his )a( "e, her%le s%rel( see)s o have i s #o%nda ion in awise and !rac ical !olic(. A di##eren doc rinewo%ld end o give i))%ni ( o cri)e and o

a2e awa( #ro) h%)an li#e a sal% ar( andessen ial sa#eg%ard. A)id he con#lic ing

heories o# he )edical )en, and he%ncer ain ies a endan %!on he rea )en o#"odil( ail)en s and in-%ries, i wo%ld "e eas(in )an( cases o# ho)icide o raise a do%" as

o he i))edia e ca%se o# dea h, and here"(o o!en a wide door "( which !ersons g%il (

o# he highes cri)e )igh esca!e convic ionand !%nish)en .

Ass%)ing ha we sho%ld disregard Si)eon$ac!al9s es i)on(, here is no evidence o#record ha he cri)e charged was co))i ed"( )eans o# he 2ni#e, E4hi"i A, and we onl(have he e4 ra-%dicial ad)ission o# heacc%sed ha he had co))i ed i "( )eanso# a "a)"oo s!i wi h which he wo%nd o# hedeceased )igh have "een ca%sed "eca%se,according o he !h(sician who es i#ied in hiscase, i was !rod%ced "( a 3shar! and!ene ra ing3 ins r%)en .Inas)%ch as he )i iga ing circ%)s ances o#lac2 o# ins r%c ion and o# in en ion o co))iso grave a wrong as he co))i ed sho%ld "e

a2en in o considera ion in #avor o# hea!!ellan , wi ho% an( aggrava ingcirc%)s ances adverse o hi), we )odi#( hea!!ealed -%dg)en "( sen encing hi) o aninde er)ina e !enal ( wi h a )ini)%) o# #o%r(ears o# prision correccional and a )a4i)%)o# a eigh (ears o# prision mayor , a##ir)ing iin all o her res!ec , wi h cos o saida!!ellan .

S!pt! /! 4, 1931

G.R. No. 3500THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINEISL$N&S, !lain i##7a!!ellee,vs.P RIFI6$6ION $LMONTE, de#endan 7a!!ellan ..IMPERI$L, J.:P%ri#icacion Al)on e is charged wi h hecri)e o# ho)icide, he in#or)a ion reading as#ollows:The %ndersigned !rovincial #iscal chargesP%ri#icacion Al)on e wi h he cri)e o#ho)icide, co))i ed as #ollows:Tha on or a"o% Oc o"er *, *0 , in he)%nici!ali ( o# Sorsogon, Province o#Sorsogon, Phili!!ine Islands, and wi hin he

-%risdic ion o# his co%r , he a#ore)en ionedacc%sed did will#%ll(, %nlaw#%ll(, and#elonio%sl( "ea , a ac2, and assa%l one &eli4Te S%e wi h a 2ni#e, which she carried,!rod%cing a wo%nd in he a"do)en whichwas he i))edia e ca%se o# he dea h o# hesaid &eli4 Te S%e.$on rar( o law.Sorsogon, Sorsogon, Nove)"er >, *0 .CSgd.D JA$INTO @A' ONProvincial $iscal The acc%sed !leaded no g%il (, and a# er he

rial, a which she was re!resen ed "(co%nsel, she was convic ed o# he said cri)eo# ho)icide, and sen enced o #o%r een (ears,eigh )on hs, and one da( o# reclusiontemporal , o inde)ni#( he heirs o# hedeceased in he s%) o# P*, , and o !a(

he cos s. The de#endan a!!ealed.The #ac s which have "een !roved "e(ond/%es ion are as #ollows:Un il a wee2 "e#ore he cri)e, he acc%sedlived )ari all( wi h he $hina)an &eli4 TeS%e who was a )arried )an. Beca%se one'ig%ela awal, wi h who) he had also lived)ari all(, hrea ened o "ring s%i agains hi)%nless he re-oined her, he $hina)an and heacc%sed vol%n aril( agreed o se!ara e. &ro)

ha i)e on Te S%e lived in he "arrio o#G%inla-on, )%nici!ali ( o# Sorsogon, Provinceo# Sorsogon, oge her wi h he said 'ig%ela

awal. On he )orning o# Oc o"er *, *0 ,he acc%sed visi ed her #or)er !ara)o%r and

on en ering he ho%se, #o%nd hi) wi h'ig%ela. 6hen Te S%e saw her, hea!!roached and old her o go awa( a once"eca%se her new !ara)o%r )igh ge -ealo%sand do her har). The acc%sed insis ed %!onre)aining, and on "eing !%shed "( Te S%eand 'ig%ela, #eeling ha she was "eing%n-%s l( rea ed, oo2 hold o# a s)all !en2ni#e

she carried and s a""ed he )an in hea"do)en. 5orri#ied, !erha!s, a her deed,she #led o he s ree , leaving he "lade

s ic2ing in her vic i)9s a"do)en, and, a2inghe #irs "%s ha chanced o !a ss, #inall( wen

ho)e. The in-%red )an was a once a2en ohe !rovincial hos!i al where he was given

#irs aid rea )en , and oc or Or ega!er#or)ed a sligh o!era ion %!on hi),cleaning and sewing %! his wo%nd. I was noserio%s, according o he doc or, and )igh "ehealed in a wee2F "% on he si4 h da( he!a ien s%cc%)"ed o co)!lica ions which weshall rea o# la er on. The rela ives o# hedeceased !aid a li le over P+ #or hehos!i al rea )en and he e4!enses o# hislas illness.In his ins ance he de#ense assigns he#ollowing alleged errors as co))i ed "( he

rial co%r in i s -%dg)en :I. The rial co%r erred in holding ha he%nnecessar( )ove)en s o# he deceasedwhile in he !rovincial hos!i al o# Sorsogon#or )edical rea )en were ca%sed "( he!ain o# he wo%nd in#lic ed "( he acc%sed.II. The rial co%r erred in holding he acc%sedcri)inall( res!onsi"le #or he secondar(he)orrhage which ca%sed he dea h o# hedeceased.III. The rial co%r erred in holding heacc%sed res!onsi"le #or he dea h o# heo##ended !ar ( as he direc and i))edia econse/%ence o# he wo%nd in#lic ed "( heacc%sed.I . The rial co%r erred in holding heacc%sed o# he cri)e o# ho)icide as chargedin he in#or)a ion ins ead o# lesiones leves ass%!!or ed "( he evidence in his case.The #irs hree assign)en s o# error raise/%es ions o# #ac and wha reall( ca%sed hedea h o# he deceased. I is s rongl( arg%ed

ha he -%dg)en a!!ealed #ro) is erroneo%sin #inding ha he deceased9s )ove)en s,which oc or Or ega declares were he ca%seo# he secondar( he)orrhage ha !rod%cedhis dea h, were d%e o he !ain #el a# er heo!era ion and d%ring his illness. I iscon ended ha according o he record, hereal ca%se o# he )ove)en s was, so hedeceased hi)sel# declared, he e4cessivewar) h o# he "ed and he #ac ha he was%nacc%s o)ed o s%ch a "ed. To ascer ain

his i)!or an !oin re/%ires a care#%le4a)ina ion o# he evidence %!on his!ar ic%lar.

oc or Ed%ardo Or ega, in charge o# heSorsogon Provincial 5os!i al, a !h(sician o#ad)i ed a"ili ( and s2ill, s!ea2ing o# he!a ien 9s !h(sical condi ion when he en ered

he hos!i al, es i#ied as #ollows:1. 6ha was he res%l o# (o%r

e4a)ina ion8 A. I #o%nd a wo%nd in he a"do)en, on

he le# side near he %)"ilical regionF i was

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no dee! and did no !ene ra e ver( #ar, "% i!assed hro%gh he )%scle iss%e.1. 6ha ca%sed he dea h o# &eli4 TeS%e8

A. 5e died o# a secondar( in ernalhe))orhage.1. 5ow8

A. The wo%nd was ca%sed "( a cer ain"low, "eca%se he !en2ni#e was no ver(shar!F he #orce o# he "low which in rod%ced

he 2ni#e in o he #lesh !rod%ced a secondar(conges ion o# he in ernal organ so ha an(%nnecessar( )ove)en on he !a ien 9s !arwo%ld ca%se conges ion o# he veins, orwo%ld )a2e he) )ore conges ed and ca%se

he) o "leed.1. And in he case o# &eli4 Te S%e, did

he( "leed8 A. 5e "egan o "leed a# er he had"een wen (7#o%r ho%rs in he hos!i al.1. 6h( do (o% call i a secondar(he)orrhage8

A. There are )an( 2inds o#he)orrhages: Pri)ar(, in his !ar ic%lar case,i# he wo%nd had reached he in ernal organsand severed he veins o# hose organs iwo%ld "e called a !ri)ar( he)orrhage"eca%se i was direc l( ca%sed "( he wo%ndF"% here was no i))edia e he)orrhage a# er

he wo%nd was in#lic ed, "% wen (7#o%r ho%rsla erF in o her words, here was wha is calleda secondar( he)orrhage.1. @o% also said ha &eli4 Te S%e had)ade an %nnecessar( )ove)en 8

A. @es, sir.1. $an (o% ell he co%r wha were

hose %nnecessar( )ove)en s8 A. Those )ove)en s were he#ollowing: The !a ien "egan "( )oving #ro)side o sideF hen he wo%ld si %! a nigh , and!erha!s -%)! o% o# "ed, and "egin wal2inga"o% F when as2ed wh( he did ha , con rar(

o )edical ins r%c ions, he e4!lained ha heco%ld no lie down "eca%se he "ed was owar), and ha he was no %sed o l(ing o"ed.1. o (o% )ean o sa( ha he!a ien 9s )ove)en s "ro%gh on hesecondar( in ernal he)orrhage8

A. @es, sir, he( !rod%ced hesecondar( in ernal he)orrhage.1. And he died "eca%se o# hasecondar( in ernal he))orhage8

A. @es, sir.1. 6as he wo%nd alone, as rea ed"( (o%, s%##icien o ca%se he dea h o# &eli4Te S%e8

A. I# he !a ien had lain in "ed /%ie l(,

in order o avoid increasing he conges ion o#he in ernal veins, here wo%ld have "een no

secondar( he)orrhage.

1. B% he wo%nd (o% rea ed co%ldhave "een healed8

A. @es, sirF i co%ld have "een.1. In how )an( da(s co%ld i have"een healed8

A. Tha wo%nd, i# here had "een nosecondar( in#ec ion, wo%ld have healed %! ina wee2.1. @o% said ha &eli4 Te S%e had"een as2ed wh( he )oved a"o% con rar( o

he !h(sician9s ins r%c ionsF wha ins r%c ionsdid (o% give hi)8

A. As soon as he had "een ad)i edin o he hos!i al, he was e4a)ined, and hen)ade o lie in "ed. 'edical rea )en was

hen ad)inis ered, and he was given o%nders and ha he sho%ld re)ain in "ed, #oran( %nnecessar( )ove)en )igh aggrava ehis condi ion, and ha wha he needed wasco)!le e res .1. I# he had no )ade hose)ove)en s, do (o% hin2 dea h wo%ld haveens%ed8

A. I a) ver( s%re he wo%ld no havehad ha secondar( he)orrhage, "eca%se asa )a er o# #ac , d%ring he #irs wen (7#o%rho%rs he had no s()! o)s o# having anin ernal he)orrhage.1. And ha in ernal conges ion o# heveins, al ho%gh hose veins con ained )ore"lood han %s%al, wo%ld no have ca%sed hehe)orrhage8 Tha is o sa(, he veins wo%ldno have "%rs , i# he !a ien &eli4 Te S%e hadno )oved a"o% , as (o% have said8

A. @es, sirF ha in ernal conges ionwo%ld have no "%rs i# he !a ien had no)oved a"o% .1. $an (o% ell %s, doc or, wh(s rangers who 2now no hing a"o% he care o#

he sic2 are !laced in charge o# a !a ien sodelica e ha his )oving )a( ca%se his dea h,as indeed i did, in his case8

A. The !a ien was no !laced in hecare o# s rangersF we have n%rses o a endand see o he !a ien as o# en as i isneeded, "esides he !h(sician9s visi s o hi)F"% even in he !resence o# he doc or and

he hos!i al a endan s, and a# er we had !%he !a ien o "ed, he con in%ed o s r%ggle

wi h %s.1. o (o% )ean o sa(, hen, ha&eli4 Te S%e was #as ened in his "ed, and ins!i e o# ha he was a"le o leave i a wal2a"o% 8

A. 5e le# his "ed he #irs da( a# er heo!era ion, and i))edia el( a# er i , when hewas no #as ened in "eca%se he did no see)

o "e violen . CPages * 7++, ranscri! o# he

s enogra!hic no es.D&ro) he #oregoing es i)on( i )a( "ein#erred: Tha he deceased was s a""ed on

he le# side o# he a"do)inal region, near henavelF ha he wo%nd did no involve an(in ernal organF ha %!on arriving a hehos!i al, he was s%")i ed o a )inoro!era ion which consis ed in cleaning,)edica ing, and s% %ring he wo%ndF ha%!on his arrival, he !a ien was in a nervo%ss a eF ha d%ring he o!era ion he( ied down

he !a ien F ha i))edia el( a# er heo!era ion oc or Or ega ad)onished hi) o2ee! /%ie "eca%se an( )ove)en he )igh)a2e wo%ld change his !a hological s a e #or

he worse and "ring a"o% dangero%sco)!lica ionF ha in s!i e o# his ad)oni ion

he deceased )oved a"o% , si ing %! in "ed,ge ing %! and !acing a"o% he roo)F ha"eca%se o# his, he in ernal vessels, alread(conges ed "eca%se o# he wo%nd, "led, and

he he)orrhage h%s !rod%ced ca%sed hisdea h.The de#ense con ends, wi h which he

A orne(7General agrees, ha according ooc or Or ega9s es i)on( he de er)ining

ca%se o# Te S%e9s dea h was no he wo%ndin#lic ed "( he acc%sed, "% his owncarelessness in )oving a"o% agains hedoc or9s orders, which !rod%ced he in ernalhe)orrhage. 6e agree wi h "o h !ar ies haaccording o oc or Or ega, he i))edia eand de er)ining ca%se o# he dea h was noneo her han he in ernal he))orhage!rod%ced "( he r%! %re o# he a"do)inal"lood vesselsF "% we canno agree, in viewo# he evidence, ha he real ca%se o# saiddea h was no he wo%nd in#lic ed %!on hevic i). $are#%ll( anal(=ing oc or Or ega9s

es i)on(, we reach he inevi a"le concl%sionha he in ernal veins were conges ed #ro)he "eginning "eca%se o# he #orce o# he

"low which !rod%ced he wo%nd, #or ha iswha he doc or )eans when he sa(s ha3 he wo%nd was ca%sed "( a cer ain "low,"eca%se he !en2ni#e was no ver( shar!, he#orce o# he "low which in rod%ced he 2ni#ein o he #lesh !rod%ced a secondar(conges ion o# he in ernal organ so ha an%nnecessar( )ove)en on he !a ien 9s !arwo%ld ca%se conges ion o# he veins, orwo%ld )a2e he) )ore conges ed, ca%sing

he) o "leed3F and ha wha reall( i)!elledhe !a ien o viola e he doc or9s orders, "(

si ing %! in "ed and !acing a"o% he roo),was no , as he de#ense insin%a es, a desire

o aggrava e he cri)inal lia"ili ( o# heacc%sed, "% si)!l( his nervo%s condi ion,which was no ed #ro) he )o)en he en ered

he !rovincial hos!i al. I was no he war) ho# he "ed or his no "eing %sed o i ha

)ade he !a ien ac as he did, "% he!a hological s a e crea ed "( he illness"ro%gh on "( he wo%nd #ro) which he was

s%##ering. 6e are convinced ha %ndernor)al condi ions, i# he !a ien had no "eenill, he wo%ld no have viola ed he doc or9sorders, 2nowing, as he did, ha he sligh es)ove)en )igh occasion a co)!lica ion orin ernal he)orrhage ca!a"le o# ca%singdea h.The !oin raised "( iada in vol%)e o# hiswor2, !ages ;* and ;+, involves #ac s si)ilar

o hose es a"lished in his case, and we"elieve he decision o# he S%!re)e $o%r o#S!ain is !er#ec l( a!!lica"le o his case:%ven &!en t!e doctors say t!at t!e deat!&as due not so muc! to t!e &ound, &!ic! ina better constituted person &ould !ave!ealed in t!irty or forty days, as to t!e

patient's purely nervous temperament, !isirritability and ot!er causes, all of &!ic!depend upon !is p!ysical constitution : s!ould suc! a deat! be ualified as5O'I$I E8 The S%!re)e $o%r has r%leda##ir)a ivel(: 3Inas)%ch as a )an isres!onsi"le #or he conse/%ences o# his ac

and in his case he !h(sical condi ion ande)!era)en o# he o##ended !ar ( nowise

lessen he evil, he serio%sness whereo# is o"e -%dged, no "( he violence o# he )eanse)!lo(ed, "% "( he res%l ac %all( !rod%cedand as he wo%nd which he a!!ellanin#lic ed %!on he deceased was he ca%sewhich de er)ined his dea h, wi ho% his "einga"le o co%n erac i s e##ec s, i is eviden ha

he ac in /%es ion sho%ld "e /%ali#ied asho)icide, e c.3 C ecision o# A!ril , *?>0,!%"lished in he Ga=e e on he * h o# J%ne.DIn he case ci ed he doc ors were o# heo!inion ha dea h was no an i))edia econse/%ence o# he wo%nd received, "% wasra her d%e o he vic i)9s !%rel( nervo%s

e)!era)en , his irri a"ili ( and o her ca%ses,!ec%liar o his !h(sical cons i % ion. In hecase in /%es ion, i is so%gh o a ri"% e hein ernal he)orrhage ha direc l( ca%seddea h, no o he wo%nd or in-%r(, "% he!a ien 9s )ove)en s, overloo2ing he #ac ha

he( were d%e o his nervo%s condi ion, andha his s a e o# nervo%sness co%ld onl( "ehe res%l o# he wo%nd in#lic ed "( he

a!!ellan . 6e hold, here#ore, ha he realca%se o# dea h in his case was no he "odil()ove)en s re#erred o, "% he conges ion o#

he in ernal veins !rod%ced "e#orehand "(he #orce o# he "low which ca%sed he wo%nd

and he nervo%s condi ion o# he deceased.In Uni ed S a es vs . Sorni o C; Phil., >D , weheld ha 3In cri)es agains he li#e o# ah%)an "eing he res%l s and e##ec s o# hecri)inal ac s )%s necessaril( "e a2en in o

considera ion in order o es a"lish heserio%sness and e4 en o# he evil or in-%r(!rod%ced and o de#ine he cri)e in

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accordance wi h he law. I )%s also "ea2en in o considera ion ha he g%il ( !ar ies

are res!onsi"le %nder he law #or all he%nlaw#%l ac s e4ec% ed "( he) in viola ion o# i s !rinci!les and #or all he conse/%ences o#

hose ac s.3In Uni ed S a es vs . 'on es C Phil., ;; D, wealso held ha 36here a !erson vol%n aril(and wi h in en o# in-%ring ano her co))i s anac which is no orio%sl( %nlaw#%l, he shall "eheld res!onsi"le #or he conse/%ences o# hiscri)inal ac ion, even ho%gh when s%chwrong#%l ac cons i % es he cri)e o# ho)icidei a!!ears ha he had no in en ion o# 2illing

he deceased.3In Uni ed S a es vs . Navarro C> Phil., >* D, werea##ir)ed he sa)e !rinci!le holding ha3 he #ir) and %nal era"le -%ris!r%dence o# heS%!re)e $o%r Cin er!re ing he Penal $odenow in #orce and e##ec D is ha he cri)e o#ho)icide is co))i ed when dea h ens%es or#ollows, as he res%l o# a wo%nd in#lic ed "(ano her, whe her he dea h "e he !reciseand necessar( conse/%ence o# he in-%ries or wo%nds, or whe her dea h res%l ed #ro)acciden s ca%sed or "ro%gh on "( reason o#s%ch wo%nds or in-%ries received "( he!a ien .9 CJ%dg)en o# he S%!re)e $o%r o#S!ain, 'a( ?, *?0 .D I is he #ir) and%nal era"le doc rine, and so held "( he $o%ro# $assa ion, ha he aggressor isres!onsi"le #or all he na %ral conse/%enceso# he aggression when hese conse/%encesdo no owe heir origin o ac s or )alicio%so)issions i)!% a"le o he assa%l ed !ar (.9CJ%dg)en o# he S%!re)e $o%r o# S!ain,'a( , *?0+.D3The sa)e doc rine was laid down in Uni edS a es vs . 'onas erial C*; Phil., 0*D . 5ere iwas held a)ong o her hings, 3!ersons whoare res!onsi"le #or an ac cons i % ing a cri)eare also lia"le #or all he conse/%encesarising here#ro) and inheren herein, o her

han hose d%e o inciden s en irel( #oreign ohe ac e4ec% ed, or which origina e hro%ghhe #a%l or carelessness o# he in-%red

!erson, which are e4ce! ions o he r%le noarising in he !resen case.3

A his -%nc %re i is well o re)e)"er ha , aswe s a ed in he "eginning, he !a ien 9snervo%s condi ion when he co)!lica ion orin ernal he)orrhage which ca%sed dea h sein, was an inheren !h(siological condi ion!rod%ced "( he wo%nd in he a"do)en. Igoes wi ho% sa(ing ha i# he had no "eenwo%nded he wo%ld no have %ndergone hae4 raordinar( s a e and condi ion, nor havehad o leave his "ed d%ring he cri ical s age

o# his illness.Las l(, in Uni ed S a es vs . a)ora C + Phil.,+*?D, we held ha 3One who !er#or)s a

cri)inal ac sho%ld "e held o lia"ili ( #or heac and #or all o# i s conse/%ences, al ho%gh"o h were in#lic ed %!on a !erson o her han

he one who) he #elon in ended o in-%re.3The cases which he A orne(7General ci esin his "rie# are no a!!lica"le, #or he reason

ha in he) all he dea hs were d%e o alienac s, )alicio%s and i)!r%den , !er#or)ed "(

he in-%red !ersons he)selves. 6e haveshown ha in he case a "ar he real andac %al ca%se o# dea h o# he deceased was

he he)orrhage o# he in ernal veins, whichhad alread( "een conges ed "( he wo%nd!rod%ced and he !a ien 9s nervo%s condi ion,ra her han he so7called "odil( )ove)en s,and ha hese, i# he( were he i))edia eca%se o# his dea h, were he direcconse/%ence o# he !a ien 9s !a hologicalcondi ion or nervo%sness. A an( ra e, he(are "o h racea"le o he wo%nd in#lic ed "(

he acc%sed.The las assign)en o# error is "% a corollar(

o he #irs hree, which have -%s "eenre#% ed, and i is con ended ha he acc%sedcan onl( "e convic ed o# sligh !h(sicalin-%ries, ins ead o# he serio%s cri)e o#ho)icide. I# he a!!ellan )%s answer #or all

he conse/%ences o# her ac s vol%n aril(!er#or)ed, as we have shown, i necessaril(and logicall( #ollows ha she )%s "econvic ed o# he graver o##ense.The a!!ellan is en i led o he )i iga ingcirc%)s ances o# no having in ended oco))i so serio%s a cri)e as ha co))i ed,and o# having ac ed wi h !assion ando"#%sca ion. The #irs is shown "( he #ac hashe )ade %se o# a s)all !en2ni#e, and hesecond, "( he #ac ha "e#ore he a ac2 shehad "een !%shed o% o# he roo) where hevic i) was, and ha she considered s%ch

rea )en as an o##ense or a"%se. The!enal ( )%s here#ore "e red%ced onedegree or o prision mayor .6here#ore, he -%dg)en a!!ealed #ro) is)odi#ied and he a!!ellan is sen enced oeigh (ears and one da( o# prision mayor , oinde)ni#( he heirs o# he deceased in hea)o%n o# P , o s%##er he accessor(!enal ies o# ar icle * o# he Penal $ode, and

o !a( he cos s o# "o h ins ances. Soordered.

Avance)a, *.J., Jo!nson, +treet, andillamor, JJ., concur.

S!pa at! Opinion#%ILL$-RE$L,J. , dissen ing:I a!!ears #ro) he es i)on( o# r. Ed%ardoOr ega ha i))edia el( a# er "eing wo%nded"( he acc%sed, &eli4 Te S%e wen o he

hos!i al o# Sorsogon where he was e4a)ined"( said doc or, who #o%nd ha he had awo%nd on he le# side o# he a"do)en near

he %)"ilical region, which while i !ene ra edhe )%scle iss%e, was no dee! and did no

!rod%ce a !ri)ar( he)orrhage, #or i did noreach he in ernal organs, and )igh "ehealed in seven da(s. A )inor o!era ion was!er#or)ed %!on hi), "% in order o do so, hehad o "e ied down, "eca%se he was a#raid.

A# er he o!era ion he was !% o "ed, given)edical rea )en , and o old o 2ee! /%ie"eca%se he needed co)!le e res and an(%nnecessar( )ove)en )igh haveaggrava e his condi ion. Besides he hos!i aln%rses and a endan s, wo rela ives o hein-%red !erson wa ched hi) nigh and da(.

As he !en2ni#e was no shar!, he #orce o#he "low "( which i was in rod%ced in o he

#lesh !rod%ced a secondar( conges ion in hein ernal organ, which, hro%gh an(%nnecessar( )ove)en on he !a ien s !ar)igh ca%se conges ion o# he veins. A# er

wen ( #o%r ho%rs had !assed wi ho% an(indica ion i# an in ernal he)orrhage, i se inwi h he "%rs ing o# he conges ed veins,"eca%se he !a ien , diso"e(ing he doc or9sorders, )oved #ro) side o side, sa %! in a"ed a nigh , go %!, and !aced a"o% heroo), no wi hs anding he warnings o# hen%rses and rela ives, who a ended hi),sa(ing ha he co%ld no re)ain l(ing down"eca%se he "ed was oo war) #or hi), and

ha he was no %sed o ha 2ind o# #%rni %re.In he o!inion o# he !h(sician, he !a ienwo%ld no have s%##ered a secondar(he)orrhage and dea h wo%ld no haveocc%rred, i# he had no )oved a"o% .In #inding he de#endan 7a!!ellan g%il ( o# hecri)e o# ho)icide and no )erel( o# sligh!h(sical in-%ries, he )a-ori ( rel( %!on heholding ha he )ove)en s )ade "( he!a ien agains he doc or9s orders, whichca%sed he r%! %re o# he veins alread(conges ed "( he i)!ac o# he "low, wered%e o his nervo%s condi ion and no o hee4cessive war) h he #el or o his no "eing%sed o slee!ing in a "ed.The doc or who e4a)ined he deceased, and%!on whose es i)on( he )a-ori ( "ase heir concl%sion, said no hing a"o% he vic i)9snervo%s e)!era)en , nor has he la er saidhe was so. The doc or said /%i e !lainl( and we have no reason o do%" hi) ha

he !a ien 9s res lessness was d%e o he #acha he "ed was o war) #or hi), and ha he

was no %sed o i . One need no have anervo%s e)!era)en in order o loo2 #orcoolness and co)#or in slee!ing. I# hein-%red )an, #or he sa2e o# a cooler and)ore co)#or a"le "ed, wished o ris2 his li#e

"( a !%rel( conscio%s and vol%n ar( ac viola ing he doc or9s ins r%c ions and re#%sing

o lis en o his warnings and hose o# he

!ersons a ending hi), he alone )%s "e heldres!onsi"le #or his own dea h, which res%l ed#ro) his carelessnessF and s%ch dea hcanno "e a ri"% ed o he !erson whowo%nded hi) sligh l(, and who is, indeed,res!onsi"le #or he na %ral and logicalconse/%ences o# s%ch a vol%n ar( ac , "%no #or he dea h, which as we have seen,was no a na %ral and logical conse/%ence o#

he wo%nd.er( si)ilar o his are he cases ci ed "(iada in vol%)e o# he #i# h edi ion o# his

co))en aries, where he S%!re)e $o%r o#S!ain laid down he #ollowing doc rines:1UESTION ++. I# he i))edia e ca%se o#dea h was ra%)a ic er(si!elas co)!lica edwi h )eningoence!hali is arising #or) heer(si!elas i sel#, and he re)o e and originalca%se o# he la er was he wo%nd in#lic ed "(

he de#endan on he %!!er !ar o# heo##ended !ar (9s le# !arie al "one, al ho%gh i#

he vic i) were no !redis!osed o er(si!elas,had no gone o% in he o!en, and had "eengiven !ro!er )edicine, i is !ro"a"le heacciden wo%ld have "een avoided and hewo%nd healed in hir ( da(s. Is he !ersonwho in#lic ed he wo%nd g%il ( o# ho)icide oro# !h(sical in-%ries8 The S%!re)e $o%r hasheld in #avor o# he la er and ligh er o##ense,arg%ing o )a2e he s!ecial circ%)s ancess a ed a"ove /%ali#( he ac !rosec% ed asconse/%ences o# grossl( i)!r%den ac s ando)issions o# he in-%red !erson, which%n#or %na el( "ro%gh on his dea h, and whichin all -%s ice and reason can onl( "e i)!% ed

o he la er, and no o he de#endan , whohad no share in he) and co%ld no have!reven ed he). C ecision o# J%ne * , *?>;,Ga=e e #or A%g%s + h.D iada, h edi ion,!age ? .1UESTION + . 6hen a wo%nd in he head,which is essen ial a less serio%s !h(sicalin-%ries, gives rise o ra%)a ic er(si!elas,which in %rn !rod%ces cere"ral )eningi is#ro) which he !erson in-%red dies in elevenda(s, and he doc ors declare ha heer(si!elas )a( have "een d%e o he !a ien 9scarelessness in cons an l( e4!osing hi)sel#

o a dra# : Is he ac ho)icide or )erel( lessserio%s !h(sical in-%ries8 The Audiencia o#Granada held in #avor o# he #or)er, "% %!ona!!eal on he gro%nd ha ar icles ;*0 and; o# he $ode had "een viola ed, "eca%se

he cri)e o# less serio%s !h(sical in-%ries was!enali=ed as i# i were ho)icide, he S%!re)e$o%r held ha he a!!eal had "een well

a2en, "eca%se according o he o!inion o#he doc ors, he er(si!elas which !receded

he )eningi is ha !rod%ced dea h may !avebeen due to t!e patient's carelessness incons an l( e4!osing hi)sel# o a dra# ,

7

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con rar( o said doc ors9 ordersF and as i isno alleged ha he o her ca%ses which )ighhave con ri"% ed o i ac %all( occasioned hedea h, here is so)e doubt , #or a cri)e isde er)ined "( he ac wherein i consis s, andi# his "e so, he cri)e in /%es ion is noneo her han less serio%s !h(sical in-%ries.C ecision o# ece)"er *>, *?>?, Ga=e e o#&e"r%ar( >, *?>0.D i%da, h edi ion !age?*.1UESTION +;. I# he verdic i is s a ed ha

he wo%nds in#lic ed %!on he deceased "(he de#endan wo%ld have healed, wi h he

loss o# he ar), had i no "een #orco)!lica ions d%e o )a2e )is a2esco))i ed "( he doc or in he s%rgicalo!era ion and rea )en : Is he cri)eho)icide8 I was so held "( he Audiencia o#JaenF "% %!on a!!eal a2en "( he acc%sed,

he S%!re)e $o%r onl( #o%nd hi) g%il ( o#he cri)e o# serio%s !h(sical in-%ries :

36hereas, al ho%gh as his co%r hasre!ea edl( held, a !erson is lia"le #or all

-%s icia"le ac s con rar( o law and #or all heconse/%ences hereo#, having in#lic ed!h(sical in-%ries, #ro) which or #ro) whosedirec or i))edia e conse/%ences dea hres%l s, ei her inciden all( or acciden all(, heo##ender )%s answer #or he %l i)a e res%lo# his ac , i. e., #or he dea h res%l ing #ro)

he in-%r( he in#lic ed, (e his !rinci!le isno a!!lica"le where i clearl( a!!ears ha

he in-%r( wo%ld no have ca%sed dea h, inhe ordinar( co%rse o# even s, "% wo%ld have

healed in so )an( da(s, and where i isshown "e(ond all do%" ha he dea h is d%e

o he )alicio%s or careless ac s o# he in-%red!erson or a hird !erson, "eca%se i is a )oreand e/%i a"le !rinci!le %niversall( recogni=edand cons an l( a!!lied, ha one isacco%n a"le #or his own ac s and heir na %ralor logical conse/%ences, and no #or hosewhich "ear no rela ion o he ini ial ca%se andare d%e o he carelessness, #a%l , or lac2 o#s2ill o# ano her, whe her i "e he in-%red )anhi)sel# or a hird !erson: 6hereas, he!ro!er -%r( having "een #o%nd, %!on hes reng h o# he evidence "e#ore i , ha hewo%nds in#lic ed "( he a!!ellan Jeroni)oNavarro %!on Bar olo)e 'ar ine= wo%ldhave healed, wi h he loss o# an ar), had ino "een #or cer ain co)!lica ions due to t!emista es committed by t!e doctor in t!esurgical operations and treatment t!ereof, i iso"vio%s ha #ollowing he doc rine se #or h in

he #oregoing reasonings, he a!!ellansho%ld no have "een convic ed o# he cri)eo# ho)icide, "% )erel( o# serio%s !h(sical

in-%ries wi h he loss o# a !rinci!al )e)"er,his "eing he onl( conse/%ence i)!% a"le o

hi) in view o# his ac , inas)%ch as he dea h

was d%e wholl( o ano her !erson9scarelessness or lac2 o# s2ill, e c.3 C ecision o#

A!ril +, *0 , Ga=e e o# 'a( + rd.D iada,h edi ion, !age ?*.D

In he #irs wo cases ci ed, i will "e o"servedha he deceased received less serio%s

!h(sical in-%ries and ha dea h was d%e oheir own carelessness or a"%ses co))i ed

"( he). In he hird case, he deceased had"een serio%sl( in-%red, "% died as a res%l o#

he )is a2es o# he doc or in he s%rgicalo!era ion and rea )en o# he in-%ries. TheS%!re)e $o%r o# S!ain held he) cri)inall(lia"le #or he cri)e o# less serio%s !h(sicalin-%ries in he #irs wo, and o# serio%s!h(sical in-%ries in he hird, "eca%se hese,and no ho)icide were he na %ralconse/%ences o# heir %nlaw#%l ac s,inas)%ch as dea h was he res%l o#carelessness and a"%ses co))i ed "( hein-%red !ersons he)selves, and o# he)is a2es o# he doc or in he s%rgicalo!era ion and rea )en o# he wo%nds.In Uni ed S a es vs . E)"a e C Phil., ; D, where he real ca%se o# dea h co%ld no "ede er)ined, his co%r , hro%gh $hie# J%s ice

Arellano, held: All he wi nesses a ri"% e he dea h o# hechild o he illness i was s%##ering, "% hedoc or, who did no hing )ore han o e4a)ine

he "od( and gives his cer i#ica e as o cer ain"r%ises on he highs, in his es i)on( s a es

ha he "od( showed %ne/%ivocal signs o# aserio%s disease o# he hear , and ha he"r%ises co%ld no have ca%sed he dea h o#

he child, "% )igh have con ri"% ed oaccelera e he #a al res%l o# ha illness,which was a serio%s a##ec ion o# he hear .Being as2ed "( he -%dge whe her he gravi (o# he child9s illness, owing o he a##ec ion o#

he hear , was s%ch ha i )igh have diedwi ho% he "lows which were in#lic ed %!onhi), he wi ness re!lied ha 3i# in he #irs!lace he age o# he child is a2en in oconsidera ion, and in he second i ss%rro%nding circ%)s ances, i s condi ion wass%ch as o lead one o e4!ec a #a al res%l ,no !h(sician "eing in a endance.3U!on "eing #%r her /%es ioned as o whe herhe "elieved ha he "lows in#lic ed %!on hechild and which !rod%ced he "r%ises were

he ca%se o# i s dea h, he re!lied ha 3as noo her a!!ro4i)a e ca%se is 2nown han hegrea e4ci e)en !rod%ced "( hose "lows, i)a( "e in#erred ha he( were he sole ca%sewhich !reci!i a ed he #a al res%l o# heillness o# he child.36e do no #ind in his es i)on(, given solel(

%!on he res%l o# he e4a)ina ion o# he"od(, s%##icien evidence as o he r%e ca%seo# he dea h o# he child. B% i is r%e ha he

acc%sed did s ri2e hi) #or he !%r!ose o#in#lic ing !%nish)en , and as "( his heco))i ed a )isde)eanor which sho%ld nogo %n!%nished, and which can "e !%nished in

his sa)e ca%se %nder he !rovisions o#sec ion +0 o# General Orders, No. ?, . . .&or all he #oregoing, I a) o# he o!inion ha

he de#endan 7 a!!ellan can onl( "e )ade oanswer #or he )isde)eanor o# sligh !h(sicalin-%ries as de#ined and !enali=ed in ar icle

?> o# he Penal $ode, inas)%ch as hewo%nd in#lic ed "( her )igh have "eenhealed in seven da(s, he !enal ( #i4ed "eingarresto menor .

alcolm and /omualde0, JJ., concur.

Ma 7 , 19 1G.R. No. 1 28THE NITE& ST$TES, !lain i##7a!!elle,vs.6$LI TO %$L&E) ' IRI , de#endan 7a!!ellan .

STREET, J.The ra her sing%lar circ%)s ances a ending

he co))ission o# he o##ense o# ho)icidewhich is %nder disc%ssion in he !resena!!eal are hese:

A a"o% noon, on Nove)"er +0, *0*0, whilehe in erisland s ea)er igan was anchored

in he Pasig


9/41

sa)e circ%)s ances )igh have done hesa)e. As was once said "( a Bri ish co%r , 3I#a )an crea es in ano her )an9s )ind ani))edia e sense o# dander which ca%sess%ch !erson o r( o esca!e, and in so doinghe in-%ries hi)sel#, he !erson who crea ess%ch a s a e o# )ind is res!onsi"le #or hein-%ries which res%l .3 C


10/41

%!on he acc%sed $ali4 o alde= s%ch agrave !enal ( as ha o# welve (ears and oneda( o# recl%sion e)!oral, )erel( ass%)ingwi ho% declaring i , as a !roven #ac , haGargan el has died and a he sa)e i)e#inding said acc%sed o "e he a% hor o# hadea h.Las l(, he decision o# he English S%!re)e$o%r or ha o# he S!anish S%!re)e $o%rda ed J%l( * , *??+, ci ed "( he )a-ori (o!inion is no a!!lica"le. The #irs , is noa!!lica"le "eca%se in he !resen case i isno !roved, "e(ond reasona"le do%" , haso)e da)age res%l ed o Gargan el, -%s as icanno "e considered as !roved ha he haddied, or ha he had "een in-%red or ha hehad s%##ered so)e in-%r( a# er having hrownhi)sel# in o he river as a res%l o# he hreao# he acc%sed. The second is no a!!lica"le"eca%se he decision o# he S%!re)e $o%ro# S!ain re#ers o a case, in which he in-%red!ar ( had alread( "een wo%nded wi h ac% ing ins r%)en "( he acc%sed "e#ore

hrowing hi)sel# in o he river %!on he la erai)ing a hi) wi h his g%n, i havinga# erwards "een !roved %!on his "eing a2eno% o# he river ha he wo%nd in#lic ed %!onhi) "( he acc%sed was )or alF and,conse/%en l(, i was declared "( said co%r

ha , even i# he dea h o# he deceased "econsidered as no having res%l ed e4cl%sivel(and necessaril( #ro) ha )os grave wo%nd,

he !ersis ence o# he aggression o# heacc%sed co)!elled his adversar( o esca!e iand hrew hi)sel# in o he river, "( de!rivinghi) o# all !ossi"le hel! and !lacing hi) in heserio%s si %a ion rela ed in he -%dg)ena!!ealed #ro) 7a case which, as is seen, isver( di##eren #ro) ha which oo2 !lace in

he !resen case.&or he reasons a"ove s a ed, I a) o# heo!inion, wi h d%e res!ec o he o!inion o# he)a-ori (, ha he acc%sed $ali4 o alde= (

1%iri canno "e #o%nd g%il ( o# ho)icide andsho%ld "e ac/%i ed.

G.R. No. L-32 5 $:;:#t 8, 1931THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINEISL$N&S, plainti -app!ll!!,"#.&ON$TO +IN&O', *! !n*ant-app!llant.

%ILL$MOR,J.:The a!!ellan was sen enced "( he $o%r o#&irs Ins ance o# Occiden al 'isa)is o he!enal ( o# welve (ears and one da( o#reclusion temporal , wi h he accessories o#law, o inde)ni#( he heirs o# he deceased in

he a)o%n o# P*, , and o !a( he cos s.The cri)e charged agains he acc%sed is

ho)icide, according o he #ollowingin#or)a ion:Tha on or a"o% he h o# 'a(, *0 , in he"arrio o# $al%nod, )%nici!ali ( o# Baliangao,Province o# Occiden al 'isa)is, he acc%sed

ona o Bindo( will#%ll(, %nlaw#%ll(, and#elonio%sl( a ac2ed and wi h his "olowo%nded E)igdio O)a)da), in#lic ing %!on

he la er a serio%s wo%nd in he ches whichca%sed his ins an dea h, in viola ion o# ar icle; ; o# he Penal $ode.The acc%sed a!!ealed #ro) he -%dg)en o#

he rial co%r , and his co%nsel in his ins ancecon ends ha he co%r erred in #inding hi)g%il ( "e(ond a reasona"le do%" , and inconvic ing hi) o# he cri)e o# ho)icide.The record shows ha in he a# ernoon o#'a( , *0 , a dis %r"ance arose in a tuba winesho! in he "arrio )ar2e o# $al%nod,)%nici!ali ( o# Baliangao, Province o#Occiden al 'isa)is, s ar ed "( so)e o# hetuba drin2ers. There were &a%s ino PacasCalias Aga onD, and his wi#e called Ti"a(. One

ona o Bindo(, who was also here, o##eredso)e tuba o Pacas9 wi#eF and as she re#%sed

o drin2 having alread( done so, Bindo(hrea ened o in-%re her i# she did no acce! .

There ens%ed an in erchange o# words"e ween Ti"a( and Bindo(, and Pacass e!!ed in o de#end his wi#e, a e)! ing o

a2e awa( #ro) Bindo( he "olo he carried.This occasioned a dis %r"ance whicha rac ed he a en ion o# E)igdio O)a)da),who, wi h his #a)il(, lived near he )ar2e .E)igdio le# his ho%se o see wha washa!!ening, while Bindo( and Pacas weres r%ggling #or he "olo. In he co%rse o# hiss r%ggle, Bindo( s%cceeded in disengaginghi)sel# #ro) Pacas, wrenching he "olo #ro)

he la er9s hand owards he le# "ehind heacc%sed, wi h s%ch violence ha he !oin o#

he "olo reached E)igdio O)a)da)9s ches ,who was hen "ehind Bindo(.

There is no evidence ha E)igdio oo2 !arin he #igh "e ween Bindo( and Pacas.Nei her is here an( indica ion ha heacc%sed was aware o# E)igdio O)a)da)9s!resence in he !lace, #or, according o he

es i)on( o# he wi nesses, he la er !assed"ehind he co)"a an s when he le# hisho%se o sa is#( his c%riosi (. There was nodisagree)en or ill #eeling "e ween Bindo(and O)a)da), on he con rar(, i a!!ears

he( were ne!hew and %ncle, res!ec ivel(,and were on good er)s wi h each o her.Bindo( did no r( o wo%nd Pacas, andins ead o# wo%nding hi), he hi O)a)da)Fhe was onl( de#ending his !ossession o# he

"olo, which Pacas was r(ing o wrench awa(#ro) hi), and his cond%c was !er#ec l(law#%l.

The wo%nd which O)a)da) received in heches , -%dging "( he descri! ion given "( hesani ar( ins!ec or who a ended hi) as he la(d(ing, allies wi h he si=e o# he !oin o#Bindo(9s "olo.There is no do%" ha he la er ca%sed hewo%nd which !rod%ced E)igdio O)a)da)9sdea h, "% he de#endan alleges ha i wasca%sed acciden all( and wi ho% )alicio%sin en .Pacas and he widow o# he deceased,$ar)en Ango , es i#ied having seen heacc%sed s a" O)a)da) wi h his "olo. S%ch

es i)on( is no inco)!a i"le wi h ha o# heacc%sed, o he e##ec ha he wo%ndedO)a)da) "( acciden . The widow es i#ied

ha she 2new o# her h%s"and9s wo%nd "eingca%sed "( Bindo( #ro) his s a e)en o her"e#ore his dea h.The es i)on( o# he wi nesses #or he!rosec% ion ends o show ha he acc%seds a""ed O)a)da) in he ches wi h his "oloon ha occasion. The de#endan , indeed, inhis e##or o #ree hi)sel# o# Pacas, who wasendeavoring o wrench his "olo #ro) hi), hiO)a)da) in he ches F "% , as we haves a ed, here is no evidence o show ha hedid so deli"era el( and wi h he in en ion o#co))i ing a cri)e. I#, in his s r%ggle wi hPacas, he de#endan had a e)! ed owo%nd his o!!onen , and ins ead o# doing so,had wo%nded O)a)da), he wo%ld have had

o answer #or his ac , since whoever will#%ll(co))i s a #elon( or a )isde)eanor inc%rscri)inal lia"ili (, al ho%gh he wrong#%l acdone "e di##eren #ro) ha which hein ended. CAr . * o# he Penal $ode.D B% , aswe have said, his is no he case.The wi ness #or he de#ense, Ga%dencio$enas, corro"ora es he de#endan o hee##ec ha Pacas and Bindo( were ac %all(s r%ggling #or he !ossession o# he "olo, and

ha when he la er le go, he #or)er had

!%lled so violen l( ha i #lew owards his le#side, a he ver( )o)en when E)igdioO)a)da) ca)e %!, who was here#ore hi in

he ches , wi ho% ona o9s seeing hi),"eca%se E)igdio had !assed "ehind hi).The sa)e wi ness adds ha he wen o seeO)a)da) a his ho)e la er, and as2ed hi)a"o% his wo%nd when he re!lied: 3I hin2 Ishall die o# his wo%nd .3 And hen con in%ed:3Please loo2 a# er )( wi#e when I die: See

ha she doesn9 s arve,3 adding #%r her: 3Thiswo%nd was an acciden . ona o did no ai)a )e, nor I a hi): I was a )isha!.3 The

es i)on( o# his wi ness was no con radic ed"( an( re"% al evidence add%ced "( he

#iscal.6e have searched he record in vain #or he)o ive o# his 2ind, which, had i e4is ed,

wo%ld have grea l( #acili a ed he sol% ion o#his case. And we dee) i well o re!ea whahis co%r said in Uni ed S a es vs . $arlos C*

Phil., ;>D, o wi :The a en ion o# !rosec% ing o##icers, andes!eciall( o# !rovincial #iscals, direc ed o hei)!or ance o# de#ini el( ascer aining and!roving, when !ossi"le, he )o ives whichac %a ed he co))ission o# a cri)e %nderinves iga ion.In )an( cri)inal cases one o# he )osi)!or an aids in co)!le ing he !roo# o# heco))ission o# he cri)e "( he acc%sed is

he in rod%c ion o# evidence disclosing he)o ives which e)! ed he )ind o# he g%il (!erson o ind%lge he cri)inal ac .In view o# he evidence "e#ore %s, we are o#o!inion and so hold, ha he a!!ellan isen i led o ac/%i al according o ar icle ?, No.?, Penal $ode. 6here#ore, he -%dg)ena!!ealed #ro) is reversed, and he acc%sed

ona o Bindo( is here"( ac/%i ed wi h cos sde oficio . So ordered.

F!/ :a y 5, 1924G.R. No. L-28THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, !lain i##7a!!ellee,vs.+IEN%ENI&O NO6 M, de#endan 7a!!ellan .

+ENG)ON, J.&or having discharged a g%n and acciden all(2illed E%genio &rancisco, he de#endanBienvenido Noc%), alias Be)"e, was ried in

he $o%r o# &irs Ins ance 'anila, "e#ore he5onora"le Al#onso &eli4, -%dge. &o%nd g%il (o# ho)icide hro%gh rec2less negligence, hea!!ealed in d%e co%rse.

According o he evidence, a"o% 0 o9cloc2 inhe evening o# Nove)"er +*, *0; , here was

a #is ic #igh "e ween &ederico Ba% is a andicen e A%rencio a he corner o# 'a(halig%e

and 'agdalena S ree s, $i ( o# 'anila.esiring o #top he enco%n er, de#endan

sho% ed a he co)"a an s. As hese !aid hi)no a en ion, he drew a .; cali"er !is ol andsho wice a he air. The "o% con in%ed,howeverF so he #ired ano her sho a hegro%nd, "% %n#or %na el( he "%llericoche ed and hi E%genio &rancisco, aninnocen "(7s ander, residen o# he !lace.The wo%nded )an was !ro)! l( carried o

he S . L%2e9sHo#pital where he e4!iredsoon a# er.The a"ove !aragra!h is a co)!osi e anda"ridged s a e)en o# he declara ions o#several wi nesses CJes%s San os, icen e

and J%an A%rencio and


11/41

validi ( o# said con#ession in he gro%nd o#invol%n ariness, con ends in his $o%r ha inas)%ch as he corpus delicti had no "eende)ons ra ed "( evidence dehors hadoc%)en , his clien sho%ld "e a"solved,!%rs%an o several !er inen decisions.CUni ed S a es vs. e la $r%=, + Phil., *;? F and Peo!le vs. Ban agan, ; Phil., ? ; .DPar ic%lar a en ion has "een given o hese!oin s. @e here is co)!e en !roo#es a"lishing he #ac ha , d%ring he a##ra(,!is ol de ona ions were heard, and ha one o#

he "%lle s !rod%ced he ragic dea h o#E%genio &rancisco, whose !ho ogra!h isE4hi"i B. Tha is !roo# o# he corpus delicti, i.e., !roo# o# violen dea h, whe her or no#elonio%sl( ca%sed. CSee 'oran, Law o#Evidence, R!"i#!* E*ition , !!. * ?, * 0FPeo!le vs. 'ones, ? Phil., ; .D Thecon#ession E4hi"i & served o iden i#( he!erson who #ired hose sho s and co))i ed

he o##ense.6e #eel no inclina ion o re-ec s%chcon#ession, "eca%se he %ncorro"ora ed andi)!la%si"le es i)on( o# he acc%sed,alleging he had "een )anhandled "e#oresigning his doc%)en , a"o% which he 2newno hing, co%ld no de#ini el( overco)e he!osi ive asser ions o# Pa"lo 'on illa o# he'anila Police e!ar )en C"e#ore who)E4hi"i & had "een e4ec% edD ha no #orce orin i)ida ion had "een e)!lo(ed on Noc%),who willingl( signed i 3a# er !ro!o%nding ohi) all he /%es ions and e4!laining o hi)

he con en s3 hereo#. The i)!ar iali ( o# hao##icer o# he law has no "een sha2en "( helone es i)on( o# herein a!!ellan , which, ase4!lained in he Peo!le9s "rie#, deserves nocredence. Noc%) said in co%r ha he signedE4hi"i & when 'on illa old hi) 3i wassi)!l( a !roo# ha he( arres ed )e3 C!. +>,

.s.n.D. This is inconsis en wi h he allegedhird7degree )e hods. I# he was #orced,

decei was %nneccessar(. And (e , he co%ldno "e deceived h%sl(, "eca%se he was noilli era e, "eing seven h grader.

An(wa(, he rial -%dge had he chance o seehe o!!osing wi nesses, and o o"serve heir

de)eanor on he s andF and in he con#lic o#heir s a e)en s we will no in er#ere wi h his

-%dg)en , %nless he record discloses so)ei)!or an circ%)s ance which wasoverloo2ed, CUni ed S a es vs. Phil., 00 F Uni ed S a es vs. 'arali , Phil.,* D, i "eing he !ec%liar !rovince o# rialco%r s o resolve /%es ions rela ing o hecredi"ili ( o# wi nesses. C Uni ed S a es vs.Pico, * Phil., ;0. D

The )isha! sho%ld "e classed as ho)icidehro%gh rec2less i)!r%dence, he sla(inghaving "een %nin en ional Cc#. Peo!le vs.

Sara, Phil., 0 0 F and Uni ed S a es vs.


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one sho%ld "e convic ed on wha can "ei)agined a!!earing in he es i)onies o#wi nesses "% which, as a )a er o# #ac , doesno a!!ear in he). An acc%sed )%s "econvic ed on he s reng h o# ac %al evidenceFnever on he ha=( crea %res o# o%ri)agina ions. 6e have read and re7read hedeclara ions o# he #o%r wi nesses )en ionedin he )a-ori ( decision, "% we were %na"le

o #ind an( s%!!or o he )a-ori ( !osi ion.No one even )en ioned he na)e o#a!!ellan Noc%) and, as o icen e A%rencio,J%an A%rencio and , and!resen ing he said ic2e so #alsi#ied on saidda e, Se! e)"er ++, *0;>, in he Phili!!ine$hari ( Swee!s a2es O##ice #or he !%r!oseo# e4changing he sa)e #or hecorres!onding cash ha said n%)"er haswon, #ra%d%len l( !re ending in said o##ice

ha he said * ? %ni o# a Phili!!ine $hari (Swee!s a2es ic2e is gen%ine and ha he isen i led o he corres!onding a)o%n o#P 0. so won "( said ic2e in hePhili!!ine $hari ( Swee!s a2es draw on saidda e, J%ne +0, *0;>, "% he said acc%sed#ailed o !er#or) all he ac s o# e4ec% ionwhich wo%ld have !rod%ce he cri)e o# es a#a

hro%gh #alsi#ica ion o# a sec%ri ( as aconse/%ence "( reason o# so)e ca%seso her han his s!on aneo%s desis ance, o

wi : one Ba(ani 'iller, an e)!lo(ee o who)he said acc%sed !resen ed said ic2e in he

Phili!!ine $hari ( Swee!s a2es O##icediscovered ha he said ic2e as !resen ed"( he said acc%sed was #alsi#ied andi))edia el( herea# er he called #or a!olice)an who a!!rehended and arres ed

he said acc%sed righ hen and here.$on rar( o law.

CSgd.D LO, drawF ha his co%r has -%dicial no ice

ha he Phili!!ine $hari ( Swee!s a2esO##ice iss%ed onl( #o%r * ; %ni s #or each

ic2e #or he said draw o# J%ne +0, *0;>F hahe in#or)a ion does no show ha he r%e

and real %niden i#ied n%)"er o# he ic2ealleged o have "een orn was no and co%ldno "e >; F ha he s%"s i % ion andwri ing in in2 o# he said n%)"er >; wasno #alsi#ica ion where he r%e and realn%)"er o# he ic2e so orn was >; .This con en ion is "ased on ass%)! ion no"orne o% "( he record. The ic2e alleged ohave "een #alsi#ied is "e#ore %s and ia!!ears o "e a * ? %ni . 6e canno a2e

-%dicial no ice o# wha is no o# co))on2nowledge. I# relevan , sho%ld have "een!roved. B% i# i is r%e ha he Phili!!ine$hari ( Swee!s a2es O##ice did no iss%e * ?"% onl( * ; %ni s o# ic2e s #or he J%ne +0,*0;>, draw, ha wo%ld onl( s reng hen he

heor( o# he !rosec% ion ha he * ? %ni o# aic2e which a!!ellan !resen ed o he

Phili!!ine $hari ( Swee!s a2es O##ice wass!%rio%s. The ass%)! ion ha he r%e andreal %niden i#ied n%)"er o# he ic2e alleged

o have "een orn was he winning n%)"er>; , is li2ewise no s%!!or ed "( he

record. The in#or)a ion o which a!!ellan!leaded g%il ( alleged ha he a!!ellanre)oved he r%e and real %niden i#iedn%)"er o# he ic2e and substituted and

wro e in in2 a he "o o) on he le# side o#said ic2e he #ig%re or n%)"er >; . I iso"vio%s ha here wo%ld have "een no need

o# re)oval and substitution i# he originaln%)"er on he ic2e was he sa)e as hawhich a!!ellan wro e in in2 in lie% hereo#.The second con en ion a!!ears o "e "asedon a correc !re)ises "% wrong concl%sion.The #ac ha a!!ellan was illi era e did node!rive he rial co%r o# -%risdic ion assis ed"( co%nsel. The decision e4!ressl( s a es

ha a!!ellan waived he righ o "e assis ed"( co%nsel, and we 2now o# no law againss%ch waiver.I )a( "e ha a!!ellan was ei her rec2lessor #oolish in "elieving ha a #alsi#ica ion as!a en as ha which he ad)i ed o have!er!e ra ed wo%ld s%cceedF "% herec2lessness and cl%)siness o# he#alsi#ica ion did no )a2e he cri)ei)!ossi"le wi hin he !%rview o# !aragra!h +,ar icle ;, in rela ion o ar icle 0, o# he0F *+ J%r. $ri).,

; .D J%dging #ro) he a!!earance o# he#alsi#ied ic2e in /%es ion, we are no!re!ared o sa( ha i wo%ld have "eeni)!ossi"le #or he a!!ellan o cons%))a e

he cri)e o# es a#a hr% #alsi#ica ion o# saidic2e i# he cler2 o who) i was !resen ed #or he !a()en had no e4ercised d%e care.

The !enal ( i)!osed "( ar icle * #or he#orging or #alsi#ica ion o# 3 reas%r( or "an2no es or cer i#ica es or ot!er obligations andsecurities4 is reclusion temporal in i s)ini)%) !eriod and a #ine no o e4ceedP* , , i# he doc%)en which has "een

#alsi#ied, co%n er#ei ed, or al ered is ano"liga ion or sec%ri ( o# he Uni ed S a es oro# he Phili!!ine Islands. This "eing aco)!le4 cri)e o# a e)! ed es a#a hro%gh#alsi#ica ion o# an o"liga ion or sec%ri ( o# hePhili!!ines, he !enal ( sho%ld "e i)!osed ini s )a4i)%) !eriod in accordance wi h ar icle;?. Ta2ing in o considera ion he )i iga ingcirc%)s ance o# lac2 o# ins r%c ion, anda!!l(ing he Inde er)ina e Sen ence Law,

he )ini)%) canno "e lower han prisionmayor in i s )a4i)%) !eriod, which is *(ears and * da( o *+ (ears. I res%l s,

here#ore, ha he !enal ( i)!osed "( herial co%r is correc .

The al era ion, or even des r%c ion, o# a losingswee!s a2es ic2e co%ld ca%se no har) oan(one and wo%ld no cons i % e a cri)e

12

http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act3815-revised-penal-code.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act3815-revised-penal-code.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act3815-revised-penal-code.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act4103-indeterminate-sentence-law.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act3815-revised-penal-code.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act3815-revised-penal-code.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act3815-revised-penal-code.htmlhttp://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act4103-indeterminate-sentence-law.html


13/41

were i no #or he a e)! o cash he ic2eso al ered as a !ri=e7winning n%)"er. So in

he %l i)a e anal(sis a!!ellan 9s real o##ensewas he a e)! o co))i es a#a C!%nisha"lewi h eleven da(s o# arresto menor DF "%

echnicall( and legall( he has o s%##er #or heserio%s cri)e o# #alsi#ica ion o# a govern)eno"liga ion. 6e reali=e ha he !enal ( is oosevere, considering all he circ%)s ances o#

he case, "% we have no discre ion o i)!osea lower !enal ( han a% hori=ed "( law. Thee4ercise o# cle)enc( and no in his co%r .6e are cons rained o a##ir) he sen encea!!ealed #ro), wi h cos s agains hea!!ellan .

oran, *.J., Pablo, 2eng0on, Padilla,3uason, ontemayor, /eyes and 3orres, JJ.,concur.Se!ara e O!inionsPA, draw "( earing o## a i s"o o) in a cross7wise direc ion a !or ion,

here"( re)oving he r%e and %niden i#iedn%)"er o# said ic2e and s%"s i % ing andwri ing in in2 a he "o o) on he le# side hen%)"er >; , h%s )a2ing said ic2e "eara !ri=e7winning n%)"er. 5e was convic ed o#a e)! ed es a#a hr% #alsi#ica ion o# ano"liga ion or sec%ri ( and sen enced o aninde er)ina e !enal ( o# #ro) * (ears and *da( o# prision mayor *+ (ears and * da( o#reclusion temporal , and o !a( a #ine o# P*!l%s he cos s. 5e waived he righ o "eassis ed "( co%nsel and )erel( !leadedg%il ( o he in#or)a ion.The a!!ellan is ad)i edl( an illi era e and, in)( o!inion, had co))i ed onl( ani)!ossi"le cri)e now !%nisha"le %nder!aragra!h +, ar icle ;, in rela ion o ar icle 0,

o# he sn Nove)"er **, *0>>D.The n%rse called he doc ors o hee)ergenc( roo). oc or


14/41

ang aong i(an CAngelo U)ag%ingD ng si(a a(!ala"as na3 CE4h. 5, !. ;, he s ar edwor2ing as -ani or in he hos!i al. 5e "eca)ea )e)"er o# he Bahala na Gang in *0 >.5is de#ense was ha a !as nine o9cloc2 hewas ca egoricall( ordered "( oc or Sison ore)ove alisin na3D he endo racheal %"e ando her ins r%)en s and devices "eca%se heold wo)an9s case was ho!eless. The orderwas allegedl( given o hi) and o he n%rseand he orderl( or a endan na)ed A"%ndio'a2inano C , 07* sn Jan%ar( ,*0>?D.In he co%r roo) U)ag%ing de)ons ra ed hegiving o# he signal "( si ing on he #loor, hisle# el"ow on o! o# he wi ness s and and hisrigh hand )a2ing a sign ha here was no)ore ho!e #or he !a ien C0 sn Jan%ar( ,*0>?D.I))edia el( a# er U)ag%ing )en ioned hena)e o# Sison, J%dge Ono#re A. illal%=ordered ha he "e s%"!oenaed o es i#(. Inhis es i)on(, Sison denied ha he gave asignal o U)ag%ing o re)ove heendo racheal %"e.U)ag%ing denied ha he was connec ed wi han( #%neral !arlor. oc or Sison did no 2nowwhe her U)ag%ing was an agen o# an()or ician.U)ag%ing ad)i ed ha a# er re)oving heendo racheal %"e he was called "( he headn%rse. 5e was r%nning "eca%se he wasnervo%s. 5e was nervo%s "eca%se he had!%lled o% he %"e. 5e ad)i ed hare)oving he %"e was a )is a2e. 5e wasa!!rehended "( he sec%ri ( g%ard a hega e. 5e did no ell he !olice d%ring heinves iga ion ha oc or Sison ordered hi) ore)ove he %"e C** *+ snD.U)ag%ing9s co%nsel in he rial co%r ad)i ed

ha 3 here is no dis!% e ha 3 U)ag%ing3re)oved he endo racheal %"e3 C!. * ;,

?D, he

re)oval o# he %"e was no acciden al.U)ag%ing was no cleaning he e)ergenc(roo) when he old wo)an was "ro%gh here.5e had s a ioned hi)sel# in he e)ergenc(roo) o )oni or or o o"served he )edical

rea )en "eing ad)inis ered o her. hisdia"olical !%r!ose was o wai #or a goodo!!or %ni ( when he co%ld a e)! o has en

he old wo)an de)ise.On he o her hand, The Solici or Generalreco))ends he ac/%i al o# he acc%sed on

he gro%nd ha he !ro4i)a e ca%se o# he!a ien 9s dea h aws no he re)oval o# heendo racheal %"e "% cardio7res!ira or(arres and ha i was no shown ha heacc%sed ac ed wi h cri)inal in en .Tha reco))enda ion is no well a2en.U)ag%ing9s re)oval o# he endo racheal %"ewas % erl( )alicio%s and #elenio%s. Thevic i)s rela ive, he was r(ing o 2ill he oldwo)an. And so, he( los no i)e in calling a

!olice)an o a!!rehend and inves iga e hi).U)ag%ing, as a -ani or, had no hing o do wi h

he !a ien . 5e had no "%siness "eing in hee)ergenc( roo) a eigh o9cloc2 in heevening. As his ac o# re)oving he %"e waswrong#%l, i is o "e !res%)ed ha he did sowi h an evil in en CSee K" ,


15/41

he wo%ld a ac2 )e wi h his 2a)!ilan ordagger, I sho hi) "e#ore he wo%ld 2ill )e.1. 6h( did (o% hin2 ha "lac2 #ig%re was ano% law8 A. Beca%se )( wi#e screa)ed

ha here were evildoers "elow, and in o%r!lace her are )an( o% laws, and hoseo% laws ha e )e "eca%se I hel! heGovern)en o collec a4es. So)e da(s"e#ore, here was 2illing near )( ho%se, asoldier 2illing wo o% laws.1. A# er (o% had #ired a ha "lac2 #ig%re,wha did (o% do8 A. A# er having #ired, Iwai ed a )o)en o see i# he had o hero% law co)!anions, and I was !re!ared o go%! and ge )( g%n. As I did no see an("od(else, I cried o% , 3Bro her7in7law, co)e down,I)o, "ring a ligh .3 A ha I)o and 'oridca)e down wi h a ligh and we discovered

ha he !erson who was )oaning was )("ro her7 in7law. U!on seeing hi) I ran

owards hi), e)"racing and 2issing hi),sa(ing: 3&orgive )e, I ho%gh (o% were ano% law,3 and he answered: 3And I also

ho%gh (o% were an o% law.3 CPages 7 ;,.s.n.D

The wi#e o# he vic i) gives ano her version o# he occ%rrence. She es i#ied ha when he

acc%sed9s wi#e in#or)ed hi) ha so)eone

had hrown a s one a he ho%se, he acc%seds%gges ed ha he deceased go down andsee who was hrowing s ones a he)F ha

he deceased wen down and old heacc%sed ha here was no one %nder heho%seF ha here%!on he acc%sed, ellinghi) o wai here #or he was going o %se his#lashligh , wen down carr(ing an a% o)a icrevolver in his righ hand and a #lashligh in

he le# F ha , on co)ing downs airs heacc%sed as2ed he deceased i# he hens

here "elonged o hi), and he la er as2edhe acc%sed o #oc%s his ligh here in order o

ga her all he hens oge herF ha a his heacc%sed sho he deceased, whose wi#e

!eered o% o# he door and saw her h%s"andwi h he acc%sed #oc%sing his #lashligh onhi) and hen #iring a hi) againF ha hedeceased old Pa)"a(a ha he waswo%ndedF ha he deceased9s wi#e %!"raided

he acc%sed elling hi) ha he did wrong,and as2ed wh( he had sho he deceasedF

ha he acc%sed %rned %!on her elling hero sh% %! or he wo%ld shoo her also.

'orid, widow o# he deceased, is he onl(wi ness es i#(ing o hese #ac s. 5er

es i)on( is %ncorro"ora ed. The allegedante-mortem declara ion con ained in hedoc%)en E= i/it B, is o# do%" #%la% hen ici (, "eca%se, while he -%s ice o# he

!eace and he wi ness Ur%naga s a e has%ch s a e)en was )ade "( he deceased,$ons a"%lar( Lie% enan $ra)er, who arrived

a where he deceased was a #ew )o)en s"e#ore said -%s ice o# he !eace !osi ivel(s a es ha he deceased co%ld no longers!ea2. $onse/%en l(, he co%ld no ver( wellhave he alleged s a e)en . O# $o%rse, ia!!ears ha i was no he deceased whowro e i , "% Ur%naga, and %!on a (!ewri er.I does no a!!ear ha he deceased read ior ha i was read o hi), or ha hedeceased ac2nowledge i as his owns a e)en . This p oo o i*!ntity isindis!ensi"le #or he ad)issi"ili ( o# s%ch anan e7)or e) declara ion as evidence.CPeo!le vs. i=on, ;; Phil., + >.D 6e cannogive an( !ro"a or( val%e o doc%)en E4hi"iB.

Alone and %ncorro"ora ed, here#ore, s andshe es i)on( o# 'orid, which, "esides "eing

incongr%o%s in !ar s, is #la l( and sho% l(denied "( he acc%sed and his wi#e.$onsidering he circ%)s ances o# he case, iis ver( i)!ro"a"le ha , wi ho% a !revio%sdis!% e or even an e4change o# words, heacc%sed sho%ld s%ddenl( and %ne4!ec edl(a ac2 he deceased. The disagree)en ha ,according o he la er9s widow, arose"e ween he acc%sed and he deceased enda(s "e#ore he inciden , has no "een !roven

in he record, and i is inconsis en wi h hecond%c o# he wo d%ring he s%"se/%enda(s %! o i)e o# he inciden , wi h "o hliving !eace#%ll( and slee!ing oge her in hesa)e ho%se on he nigh in /%es ion, a #ew)o)en s "e#ore he occ%rrence, according o

he es i)on( o# 'orid hersel#.On he o her hand, he acc%sed9s narra ionsee)s na %ral. And as i is corro"ora ed noonl( "( his wi#e9s es i)on(, "% on so)e!oin s "( ha o# Lie% enan $ra)er andSergean T%)indog, o he e##ec hai))edia el( a# er he occ%rrence he acc%sed"e oo2 hi)sel# o he co))anding o##icer o#

he !lace in order o give an acco%n o# he

inciden , and o a#> #or !ro)! )edical hel!#or his %ne4!ec ed vic i), i canno "%!rod%ce in he )ind a convic ion ha whaha!!ened o he %n#or %na e 'ang% ara wasan acciden , wi ho% #a%l or g%il on he !aro# he herein a!!ellan .The la er, on ha occasion, ac ed #ro) hei)!%lse o# an %ncon rolla"le #ear o# an ill aleas e/%al in gravi (, in he "elie# ha hedeceased was a )ale#ac or who a ac2ed hi)wi h a 2a)!ilan or dagger in hand, and #or

his reason, he was g%il ( o# no cri)e and ise4e)! #ro) 7 i inal lia/ility Ca t. ?, No. * ,Penal $ode.D&%r her)ore, his ignorance or ! o o# #ac

was no d%e o negligence or "ad #ai h, andhis re"% s he !res%)! ion o# )alicio%s,in en acco)!an(ing he ac o# 2illing. In an

case, his co%r ac/%i ed he acc%sed CU.S.vs. Ah $hong, * Phil., ;??D, and we dee)

he doc rine laid down in ha case a!!lica"leo his one.

The -%dg)en a!!ealed #ro) is reversed andhe a!!ellan ac/%i ed, wi h cos s de officio ,

and he o her !rono%nce)en s in his #avor.So ordered.

$:;:#t 3, 1935G.R. No. 23530THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINEISL$N&S, !lain i##7a!!ellee,vs.$ RELIO L$M$H$NG , *! !n*ant-app!llant.

RE6TO, J.:The de#endan A%relio La)ahang is "e#ore

his 7o: t on a!!eal #ro) a decision o# he$o%r o# &irs Ins ance o# Iloilo, #inding hi)g%il ( o# a e)! ed ro""er( and sen encinghi) o s%##er wo (ears and #o%r )on hs o#

prision correccional and o an addi ional!enal ( o# en (ears and one da( o# prisionmayor #or "eing an ha"i %al delin/%en , wi h

he accessor( !enal ies o# he law, and o !a(

he cos s o# he !roceeding. A earl( dawn on 'arch +, *0 , !olice)anJose To)a)"ing, who was !a rolling his "eaon elgado and $.


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"e ween he #ac s s%")i ed #or a!!recia ionand he o##ense which said #ac s ares%!!osed o !rod%ce )%s "e direc F hein en ion )%s "e ascer ained #ro) he #ac sand here#ore i is necessar(, in order o avoidregre a"le ins ances o# in-%s ice, ha he)ind "e a"le o direc l( in#er #ro) he) hein en ion o# he !er!e ra or o ca%se a!ar ic%lar in?: y. This )%s have "een hein en ion o# he legisla or in re/%iring ha inorder #or an a e)! o e4is , he o##ender)%s co))ence he co))ission o# he #elon(direc l( "( over ac s, ha is o sa(, ha heac s !er#or)ed )%s "e s%ch ha , wi ho% hein en o co))i an o##ense, he( wo%ld "e)eaningless.

iada C ol. I, !. ;>D holds he sa)e o!inionwhen he sa(s ha 3 he over ac s leading o

he co))ission o# he o##ense, are no!%nished e4ce! when he( are ai)ed direc l(

o i s e4ec% ion, and here#ore he( )%s havean i))edia e and necessar( rela ion o heo##ense.3$onsidering sa(s he S%!re)e $o%r o#S!ain in i s decision o# 'arch +*, *?0+

ha in order o declare ha s%ch and s%chover ac s cons i % e an a e)! ed o##ense iis necessar( ha heir o"-ec ive "e 2nown

and es a"lished, or ha said ac s "e o# s%chna %re ha he( he)selves sho%ld o"vio%sl(disclose he 7 i inal o"-ec ive necessaril(in ended, said o"-ec ive and #inali ( o serveas gro%nd #or he designa ion o# he o##ense: .. . .In view o# he #oregoing, we are o# heo!inion, and so hold ha he #ac %nderconsidera ion does no cons i % e a e)! edro""er( "% a e)! ed res!ass o dwellingCPeo!le vs . Ta(ag and 'orales, 0 Phil., ,and decisions o# he S%!re)e $o%r o# S!ain

herein ci edD. Under ar icle +? o# heF U.S. vs . 'esina, +* Phil., * F U.S.vs . illan%eva, *? Phil., +* F U.S. vs . Panes,+ Phil., +0+.D Agains he acc%sed )%s "e

a2en in o considera ion he aggrava ingcirc%)s ances o# nigh i)e and #or)erconvic ions, inas)%ch as he record shows

ha several #inal -%dg)en s #or ro""er( andhe# have "een rendered agains hi) and

in his #avor, he )i iga ing circ%)s ance o#lac2 o# ins r%c ion. The "rea2ing o# he wallsho%ld no "e a2en in o considera ion as anaggrava ing circ%)s ance inas)%ch as his is

he ver( #ac which in his case cons i % es heo##ense o# a e)! ed res!ass o dwelling.The !enal ( !rovided "( he


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does no , however, a!!ear o "e cer ain hahe( did in #ac s%cceed in en ering, as he

record is no ver( e4!lici %!on his !oin . I iseviden ha he( s%cceeded in en ering he#irs door o# he ho%se, ei her violen l( "("rea2ing i o!en, as alleged "( heco)!lainan , or "eca%se he( #o%nd i alread(o!en, as es i#ied "( he de#endan Bar olo)eOs rea. I does no a!!ear, however, whe her

his door #or)ed an in egral !ar o# he ho%seor whe her, on he con rar(, i was an o% erdoor, se!ara e and inde!enden #ro) he"od( o# he ho%se. 6e are inclined o "elieve

ha he la er is he #ac , in view o# hees i)on( in he case. The co)!lainan callshis #irs door he front door, and adds ha

%!on seeing i had "een "ro2en "( heacc%sed he i))edia el( closed he seconddoor and did not allo& t!em to enter !is!ouse . In ano her !ar o# his es i)on( hes a es ha when he( C he acc%sedD saw

ha t!ey could not enter t!e !ouse he( wenawa(. The o her wi ness #or he !rosec% ion,Benigno Se"as ian, es i#ies ha Bar olo)eOs rea called o his wi#e, who was in heho%se, "% ha !e could not get in , "eca%se

he doors were closed. Bar olo)e Os rea, onhis !ar , in his es i)on( a he rial sa(s ha

he #irs door was o!en, and ha he #ollowingdoor at t!e entrance to t!e !ouse was closed.&ro) his s a e)en i wo%ld a!!ear ha hesecond door was ha a he en rance o heho%se in /%es ion.In view o# he er)s in which hese wi nessese4!ressed he)selves and he lac2 o# o her)ore !recise da a in he record i )a( "econcl%ded ha , no wi hs anding he #ac ha

he de#endan s en ered he #irs door, he( didno s%cceed in en ering he ho%se. I is!ossi"le ha his concl%sion is no incon#or)i ( wi h he #ac s as he reall(occ%rred, "% is he legal concl%sion #ro) heda a disclosed "( he record and %!on which

alone we )%s rel( #or o%r decision.In conse/%ence, he de#endan s are onl(res!onsi"le #or he cri)e o# an a e)! ed#orci"le en r( in o he dwelling, and no #or acons%))a ed en r(, as considered "( heco%r "elow in he -%dg)en a!!ealed. I has"een !roven ha in he e4ec% ion o# his ac

he de#endan s e)!lo(ed violence andin i)ida ion, and #or nearl( hal# an ho%r ried

o !%sh o!en he door a he en rance o heho%se, and ha Bar olo)e Os rea #iredseveral sho s #ro) his revolver %!on seeing

ha


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'arcelino A$USA< wen o he U.S. Ar)( A))%ni ion e!o a "arrio Bal e, Ba angas,

o which #or)erl( he( %sed o go oge herso)e #irewood. o)ingo "oarded a r%c2,%sed "( he de!o #or carr(ing rash, when iwas a"o% o )ove o% . A# er he r%c2 had

raveled so)e dis ance, a"o% #i# ( )e ers,o)ingo hrew o% #ro) he r%c2 hree

s!ades. U!on seeing i ,


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BILL$R&, J.

There was no s%"s an ial dis!% e a"o% he#ac s in his case. The de#endan , Beni o'ercado, and he in-%red !ar (, J%lio Sala=ar,were on he +*s da( o # &e"r%ar(, *0 , "o hcon#ined in he Prison o# Bili"id. On ha da(

he de#endan , wi ho% an( a!!aren!rovoca ion, s r%c2 Sala=ar %!on he side o#

he head wi h a heav( cl%".

A he rial r. L(on, who saw he in-%red!erson wi hin a )in% e or wo a# er he wash%r , es i#ied ha %nder he )os #avora"lecondi ions i wo%ld "e i)!ossi"le #or Sala=ar

o recover he nor)al condi ion o# his hearingwi hin a !eriod o# nine ( da(s, and ha i wasa"sol% el( i)!ossi"le #or hi) ever o recovers%ch %se, and ha here was onl( a sligh!ro"a"ili ( ha he wo%ld ever recover a !aro# his hearing.

The de#endan , in his co%r , as2s ha he -%dg)en "e reversed %!on wogro%nds:chanro"*es vir %al *aw li"rar(

C*D The case was ried wi hin he Prison o#Bili"id, !ro"a"l( "eca%se he de#endan , he

co)!laining wi ness, and nearl( all o# heo her wi nesses were here con#ined as!risoners. I is clai)ed "( he de#endan ha

his rial was illegal "eca%se here was no!rovision o# he law which a% hori=ed he

-%dge o hold a rial a ha !lace and "eca%ses%ch a rial was no he !%"lic rial which isg%aran eed o he de#endan "( he ac o#$ongress. I a##ir)a ivel( a!!ears #ro) herecord ha he de#endan o##ered no o"-ec ion

o he rial o# he case in Bili"id Prison. Thiss a e)en a!!ears in he record !rior o he

a2ing o# an( es i)on(, and i is clear ha he/%es ion where he rial was o "e held wasraised and de er)ined "e#ore he rial was o

"e held was raised and de er)ined "e#orehe rial was co))enced. Under hesecirc%)s ances i is no necessar( #or %s odecide whe her, i# here had "een o"-ec ionon he !ar o# he de#endan , he rial wo%ldhave "een legal. I is s%##icien o sa( ha hiswas one o# he righ s which he de#endanco%ld waive, and as he did e4!ressl( waive i"e#ore he rial co))enced i is oo la e #orhi) now o insis ha he rial was erroneo%s.

C+D The in-%r( was co))i ed on he +*s da(o# &e"r%ar(, *0 , and he rial oo2 !lace on

he > h o# 'arch, *0 . %ring he es i)on(o# r. L(on he de#endan as2ed ha he rial

"e s%s!ended %n il he co%r co%ld "ea"sol% el( cer ain ha he in-%r( wo%ld "e!er)anen , or, a leas , ha i s e##ec s wo%ld

con in%e #or )ore han nine ( da(s, and so"ring he case wi hin he !rovisions o# ar icle;* o# he Penal $ode.

The /%es ion #or he co%r o de er)ine waswhe her or no he de#endan had!er)anen l( los his hearing or whe her hewo%ld "e inca!aci a ed #ro) his %s%al wor2 o# "e sic2 #or )ore han nine ( da(s. The

es i)on( o# r. L(on was !osi ive o hee##ec ha he was !er)anen l( in-%red and

ha he wo%ld never recover his hearing.Under hese circ%)s ances we do no hin2 iwas necessar( #or he co%r o !os !one he#%r her hearing o# he case %n il he e4!ira iono# nine ( da(s. There was evidence "e#ore i#ro) which i was -%s i#ied in #inding ha hein-%r( was !er)anen .

As s%gges ed "( he A orne(7General in his"rie#, he #ac ha no )o ion #or a new rialhas "een )ade "( he de#endan is indica iveo# he #ac ha he -%dg)en o# he co%r"elow as o he !er)anen charac er o# heco)!laining wi ness s in-%ries was well "ased%!on he evidence which he hen had "e#orehi).

The -%dg)en o# he co%r "elow is con#ir)ed,wi h he cos s o# his ins ance agains

he Appellant .

CG.R. No. L-3 0. Ma 7 5, 1904. D

THE NITE& ST$TES, Plaintiff-Appellee , ".6$T$LINO &E L$ 6R ) $N& (O$ IN &EL$ 6R ), Defendants-Appellants .

S@LLABUS AB U$TION. 5eld, Tha he #ac s in hiscase cons i % e a e)! ed a"d%c ion ra her

han he #r%s ra ed cri)e. C&ollowing U.S. v.Sala=arF U.S. v. L%na, ; Phil. F U.S. v. , Phil., + 0F U.S. v. Sanche=K*0** , + Phil., ;+>, ci ing decisions o# hes%!re)e co%r o# S!ain o# A!ril *>, *?0 ,Se! e)"er +0, *??*, and ece)"er *,

*?0 F U.S. vs Agoncillo and Ad)ana K*0* , Phil., +;+F U.S. v.

Criminal Law 1 - Compilation of Full Cases, Second Set (Ponelas-palaganas)

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Transcript of Criminal Law 1 - Compilation of Full Cases, Second Set (Ponelas-palaganas)