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Allan Pinkerton He became the first detective of the ChicagoPolice Department in 1849/ America's most

famous private investigator.

Alphonse Bertillon Founder of criminalistics/ The founder ofcriminal identification by body

measurement.

Anthropometry A system of criminal identification developedby Alphonse Bertillon based on 11

measurements of the human frame.

Bill of Rights The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution,which through judicial interpretation guide the

actions of criminal investigations.

Bow Street Runners An early group of English criminalinvestigators who operated from a court

located on Bow Street in London.

CID The Criminal Investigation Department/ ateam composed in 1877 of the Investigators

of the Scotland Yard

Criminalistics The application of many fields of naturalscience to the detection of crime.

Detective An investigative law-enforcement

officer

Eugene VidocqCriminal turned Paris investigator/ Criminal turned Paris investigator/

A notorious thief-catcher and former convict. He based his operations in

Paris and was active some 80 years after the death of Jonathan Wild. He

and his team operated with the complete sanction of the police while

Wild's did not.

Fourteenth Amendment An 1868 Amendment to the U.S. Constitutionthat, in time, applied due process

requirements to state criminal cases.

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Industrial Revolution An economic phase characterized by intenseindustrial development in urban areas and

related population shifts to the cities.

Jonathan WildA master criminal who then became London's most

effective criminal investigator in the 1720s. Wild's actions

made popular the logic of employing one who was a thief

to catch a thief.

Metropolitian Police Act English legislation that led to thedevelopment of the London Metropolitan

Police.

Modus Operandi The specific method of operation employed by acriminal during the commission of an offense, that is

likely to be repeated to form an identifiable pattern.

Parliamentary Reward System An early English practice in which officials were paidfor the apprehension and prosecution of criminals,

thus encouraging a high arrest and conviction rate.

PolygraphAn instrument that measures certain physiological

changes of the body triggered by emotional responses to

specific verbal questions; generally used to determine

deception.

Portrait Parle An early method of criminal identification inwhich the human head and facial features

were described in a detailed manner.

Thief-Taking An early method of criminal investigation andapprehension that was based on the premise that only a

criminal could successfully apprehend another criminal.

Thomas Byrnes American founder of criminal modus operandi/Chief of detectives in New York City/ One of the

most famous invesitgators of the 19th century

Will West Case A case in which two inmates so closely resembled eachother in physical characteristics that the traditional

Bertillon method of identification was discredited.