Crime and Punishment

Revision 2013

Put these Tudor & Stuart Monarchs in order of when they reigned. Put a star next to the King who is the only

Stuart King in the list

Monarch Order

Elizabeth I

Henry VIII

Edward VI

James I

Mary I

Henry VII

Statements T or F

The gunpowder plot occurred in 1805

The Gunpowder plot is an example of Treason

The Gunpowder plot was an attempt to kill King James I

The main conspirator was called Guy Fawkes

Guy Fawkes was a protestant and was annoyed with the Catholic king for his rules against the protestants

Guy Fawkes was executed by the guillotine

Heresy was a crime which was particularly prominent during the Tudor Era because of a regular change in Monarch and the religion they followed

Heretics were people who believed in and followed a different religion to the one they should. e.g. the religion set by the King or Queen of the country and the established church.

Heresy in England and Wales during the Tudor Era normally surrounded Catholics and Protestants

Heretics were beheaded

One main example of when Heresy was a big problem was during the Reign of Mary I

Mary I reigned for ten years

Mary I reigned from 1553 – 1558

Mary I was a Protestant and hated Catholics

She burned 284 heretics at the stake during her time as Queen.

Vagrancy is a crime in modern day Britain

One of the main causes of Vagrancy is poverty

Vagrancy. Read and underline KEY facts. Questions to test your knowledge to follow…

During the 16th and early 17th centuries the authorities began to view with fear and suspicion the growing number of people out of work, begging to support themselves. Those able to work, but not doing so, became known as sturdy beggars or vagabonds. Some of these people wandered the country, searching for work or a way to support themselves. While some did undoubtedly turn to a life of crime, many of them would have been looking for work.Why were they begging/homeless?The population had risen massively in the 16th century, which meant many found it hard to find work. Changes to the way farming worked (a move to more sheep farming in some areas which required less workers) meant that there were less jobs available. Finally Henry VIII dissolved (got rid of) the monasteries, who had previously helped support the poor and the needy. Now there was no help for them, as there was no dole at the time.How were they treated?Considering their position, vagabonds were treated awfully. Their punishments varied throughout the 16 th century. At various times, these punishments included:Being whipped out of town (in an attempt to send the vagrant back to their home parish).Being branded with the letter V on the forehead, to show everyone what their crime was/had been.A two year term of slavery.Repeat offenders could be executed, or sold into slavery.These last punishments were brought in then removed at several times. They were introduced at times when it appeared the Vagrant population was out of control, perhaps when there was a harsh winter and there was less farm work. They were removed as people thought them to harsh.What about those really unable to work?There was a division in the way that people viewed people who were not working. Those who were too young, too old or too ill/infirm to work became known as the deserving poor. These were people that it was felt deserved to be helped, as they were unable to support themselves. This help would be provided by their home parish, where they would be supported.In 1572, local Justices of the Peace were given the power to collect a local tax called the poor rate in their parish. Its aim was to support those unable to work outlined above.What happened in the end?The system was brought together in 1601 when the Great Poor Law Act was brought in. This ordered ALL councils to collect a poor rate (previously optional) and provide workhouses, where those unable to work would be housed, fed but also worked hard and in many cases, treated extremely poorly. This system stayed in place until 1834.

Questions Questions Answers

What two names were given to people who were able to work but were not doing so?

Why did they wander the countryside?

Give two reasons there were less jobs?

Describe 3 ways they were punished?

What support was there for people who were unable to work because they were ill or old?

Why were the they treated so harshly for their crime?

Give 2 causes of Vagrancy?

Example Questions

• What was Vagrancy in the 16th Century?• Describe how unemployment led to crime in

the 16th century • Describe how poverty led to crime in the 16th

century?• Describe the crime of vagrancy in the 16th

century

Write down Five facts about Highway Robbery

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA-9SxBYcfE&feature=related

SmugglingSmuggling was an increasing problem in the ___ & ___ centuries.

Many people were involved in smuggling many goods into the country, such as; ________, ________, ________, ________, _____________ and _________________.

It was crime as people were ______________ bringing good into the country without the permission of the _________________________ but more importantly they were not paying the ___________ ______ on them.

There were many causes for the increase in __________________. The Government had increased __________ taxes to get more money for the public, and many people were unhappy with this and thought it was ___________. Many people were ___________ stricken so ended up getting involved in smuggling to make a living, while others were just ___________.

The punishment for Smuggling was ____________.

The Crime of Hersey

What:

Why:

When:

Example:

Crime Definition Example

The crime of being unemployed, wandering from place to place in search of a job – blamed for many other crimes

Betraying your country, plotting to assassinate/kill the monarch

The crime of following and practicing a different religion to the ruling monarch and country – which at the time was illegal – you were dubbed a heretic

Industrial Revolution changes

• What was the Industrial Revolution?

• Why did people move to the cities?

• What were these cities like?

• What crime arose during this time?

Complete the following paragraph

• The ______ rioters were a group of ______ labourers mainly in the south of England. They were angry because food prices were getting increasingly higher and the newly invented threshing _______ were causing bosses to __________ the workers _______ or were putting the labourers completely out of _____. In response many labourers led by the fictional _________ ________ attacked ______, setting ______ around the villages. They were the most harshly punishment of all ________ groups as ___ were executed, ______ were transported and other punishment included _________, ________ and ______ .

• Word Box

Houses fines decreaseFarm Swing wages Whipping prison 19Work machines 648Protest fire Captain Swing

Choose the correct sentence to complete each of the following statements

• The Luddites were a group of textile mill workers who were angry because

a) The farming machines they worked on took over their jobs so they burned down houses and machines

b) New textile machinery was invented which replaced many of their jobs or decreased their wages, so they destroyed many machines and killed some mill owners

c) They couldn’t go on toll roads without having to pay a lot of money which was making them ever poorer so they destroyed them on several occasions

Event Order

The government sent 800 soldiers and 70 police officers to Newport to calm the riots

The leaders organised more attacks against the toll roads and committed arson (burned hayricks)

Leaders were arrested

Locals and farmers were very poor – they were angry the tolls on the roads they used to transport their produce and stocks were constantly increasing

The gang went and attacked the toll gates

A gang of farm labourers dressed as woman and gave themselves the fictional name of Rebecca and her daughters after a bible story

Put the events of the Rebecca Riots into the correct order

• Looking at the following statements decide which terrorist groups/movements they represent

• Al Qaeda – (AQ)• Irish Republican Army (IRA)• Middle Eastern Troubles (ME)• Definition of terrorism (DT)

Statement Group

Causes of movement linked back to the desire for Ireland to be a united country, without British rule or intervention. Began turn of the 20th century, troubles reached their height in the 1960’s & 1970’s.

Terrorism can be defined ideological and violent attacks to inspire terror – by a group or individual.

This area of the world is still very turbulent. Causes because there are major issues between land & territory, religion and cultural differences.

Responsible for the 9/11 attacks on America & 7/7 bombings , 2004 Madrid (Spain) train bombing., 2005, Sharm-El-Sheik bombings

The troubles linked to 1972 Munich Olympics terror attacks were Palestinian terrorists took Israel athletes hostage, after a stand off with the authorities – all hostages killed

This group exist because they believe that Muslim law should control the world, they believe their Holy book compels them to wage war on western culture and anyone who does not follow their version of Islam. This are extremists who have a warped view of the Islamic religion, many involved have been brainwashed by fanatics .

This group have been responsible for many attacks on the UK and in Ireland. Some of the more infamous attacks include Manchester Bombs – 1996 – IRA1974 – attacks on British Pubs1983 – attack on Harrods

Crime focus: Hooliganism • "Hooliganism" is the term used broadly to describe disorderly, aggressive and often violent

behaviour perpetrated by spectators at sporting events. In the UK, hooliganism is almost exclusively confined to football

• Always existed in the sports history but become a more serious problem since the 1960’s• In the 1980’s was linked to English football supports after numerous incidents particularly

aboard – where there were violent assaults including murders • Not as serious a problem now – some violence between rival clubs/gangs – arranged through

mobiles or social networking sites. The worst cases are usually linked to international games. • Other countries more so than England now have problems with Football Hooliganism • An example: Heysel disaster of 1985, in which a "charge" by Liverpool fans at rival Juventus

supporters caused a wall to collapse, resulting in 39 deaths. English teams were banned from European club competitions until 1990, and during this time, substantial efforts were made by the police to bring the problem under control.

• Many laws have been passed in an attempt to control the growth of Hooliganism • In April 2000, Christopher Loftus and Kevin Speight, two Leeds United supporters, were

stabbed to death in Istanbul ahead of a UEFA Cup semi-final, in what the coroner's inquest described as "an organised ambush" by Turkish fans

Hooliganism Questions

• What is Hooliganism?

• What causes it?

• Why is it a crime?

• Give some examples?

Name each of the Punishments and give reasons why it was used• A)

• B)

• C)

• D)

• E)

• F)

Mary Queen of Scots• Mary, Queen of Scots, was born in 1542 and was executed on 1587• Mary was Elizabeth I's cousin. • Mary had been brought up as a strict Catholic which put her at odds with the Protestant

Elizabeth. • Became queen when she was only one • Raised at the French court, and was married at 15. Her husband the French prince died a year

later. She returned to Scotland, re-married – very turbulent relationship, they had a son, later became James I of England. Her husband was found strangled in there ruins of their house, which was set on fire

• She married again to the Earl of Bothwell – who many believed killed her husband • She was arrested by Scottish Nobles but escaped to England hoping her cousin would help her• She didn’t she imprisoned her in many different house throughout England for the next 19 years • Elizabeth wanted to maintain religious stability • Mary was an obvious replacement for Catholics who did not want Elizabeth to be queen• Elizabeth I was reluctant to sign Mary's death warrant but she had no option when it was clear

Mary had committed treasons against her by taking part in the Babington Plot • On 8 February 1587, Mary, Queen of Scots was executed at Fotheringhay Castle. • She wore a blood red bodice, symbolising Catholic martyrdom.• James VI of Scotland had Fotheringhay destroyed after he became King of England. He united

the two nations and had Mary and Elizabeth buried side by side in Westminster Abbey.

John Penry• 1563 – 1593• Welsh• Brought up a Roman Catholic • Son of a wealthy farmer• Attended Cambridge university and then Oxford, came into contact with

protestant ideas and influences• Known in Wales for his skills as a preacher , being known as ’Telyn Cymru’ (the

Welsh Harp)• Wanted the church to be improved, even petitioned the queen (Elizabeth I) • Arrest by the archbishop • Got involved in printing information about the church – this was viewed by

many as treason • He had to continue to move around to avoid arrest • Continued to denounce to church and openly spoke about it • 1592/93 – arrested, and despite swearing allegiance to the queen and the

country was sentenced to death and executed on 29 March 1593• Influence at the time quite limited• Considered by historians as the first welsh protestant preacher

Choose between the following questions to answer – use the info to help you.

• Describe the execution of Mary Queen of Scot• Describe the execution of John Penry • Describe the Marian Persecutions

What was the Bloody Code?

• Why was there a Bloody Code in England and Wales?

• How many crimes were punishable by death at the height of the code?

• Give a few examples

• Was it called the Bloody Code the time?

House of correction Debtors’ Prisons

Bridewells

Prisons in the 16th and 17th centuries

Punishment focus: Transportation• What was Transportation?

• When was it introduced?

• Why was it introduced?

• Where were people transported and for what crimes?

• What were Hulks?

• What was it like on arrival? What was like life for the convicts?

• What were the consequences of Transportation?

• Why did it end?

End of the Bloody Code• Decide if these statements are true of false • The Bloody Code was the unofficial name for the punishments system in England and Wales used

before the 1800’s• It was when there were not many crimes punishable by death• In 1823 the criminal code was reform with the changing of laws, in particular the Gaol Act • It was thought by many including judges that the laws were too harsh so they believed reform of

the Bloody Code was needed• At the time there were over 500 crimes punishable by death• Some of the crimes punishable by death now seem very extreme and unfair• In 1968 the law was changed which banned public executions, but some crimes were still

punishable by death but not in the public eye• Public executions were clearly not working, and in-fact were causing more crimes – people were

getting drunk and causing trouble in big crowds.• By the 1830s’ the number of crimes punishable by death were drastically reduce to just murder and

treason. • Humiliation was still used – even now people get put in pillory's in towns. • Fines became more common • Whipping wasn’t used a punishment on its own but was it prisons.