Credit for many slides to Ms. Susan M. Pojer
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Transcript of Credit for many slides to Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Failure of Roanoke• 1585 – Sir Walter Raleigh’s
attempt failed
• 1587 –John White attempted, sailed back to England, later returned to discover colonists had vanished
• Only one word written on trees:
CROATOAN
• Colonists may have starved to death, joined with or were attacked by local natives (the Croatoans???)
Guaranteed to Guaranteed to colonists the same colonists the same rights as Englishmen rights as Englishmen
This provision was This provision was incorporated into incorporated into future colonists’ future colonists’ documents.documents.
Colonists felt that, even in the Colonists felt that, even in the Americas, they had the rights of Americas, they had the rights of Englishmen!Englishmen!
The Charter of the VA The Charter of the VA CompanyCompany
The Charter of the VA The Charter of the VA CompanyCompany
Late 1606 Late 1606 VA Co. sends out 3 VA Co. sends out 3 shipsships
May 24, 1607 May 24, 1607 about 100 colonists about 100 colonists [all men] land at Jamestown, along [all men] land at Jamestown, along banks of James Riverbanks of James River
Easily defended, but swarming with Easily defended, but swarming with disease-causing mosquitoes.disease-causing mosquitoes.
England Plants the England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”Jamestown “Seedling”
England Plants the England Plants the Jamestown “Seedling”Jamestown “Seedling”
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Jamestown Jamestown Settlement, 1609Settlement, 1609
Chesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake BayChesapeake Bay
Geographic/environmental Geographic/environmental problems??problems??
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement Map Map
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement
(Computer Generated)(Computer Generated)
Jamestown Fort & Jamestown Fort & SettlementSettlement
(Computer Generated)(Computer Generated)
1606-1607 1606-1607 40 people died on the 40 people died on the voyage to the New World.voyage to the New World.
1609 1609 another ship from England another ship from England lost its leaders and supplies in a lost its leaders and supplies in a shipwreck off Bermuda.shipwreck off Bermuda.
Settlers died by the dozens! Settlers died by the dozens!
““Gentlemen” colonists would not Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.work themselves.
Game in forests & fish in river Game in forests & fish in river uncaught.uncaught.
Settlers wasted time looking for gold Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.instead of hunting or farming.
The Jamestown The Jamestown NightmareNightmare
The Jamestown The Jamestown NightmareNightmare
Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??Captain John Smith:Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job??The Right Man for the Job??
There was no talk…but There was no talk…but dig dig goldgold, wash , wash goldgold, ,
refine refine goldgold, load , load goldgold……
So he saidSo he said
““He who shall not work, He who shall not work, shall not eat.”shall not eat.”
PocahontasPocahontasPocahontasPocahontas
A 1616 A 1616 engravingengraving
Pocahontas “saves” Pocahontas “saves” Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith
High Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality RatesHigh Mortality Rates
The “Starving Time”:The “Starving Time”:1607: 104 colonists1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survivedBy spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survivedBy spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
1624 population: 1,2001624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 yearsAdult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: Death of children before age 5: 80%80%
Chief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief PowhatanChief Powhatan
Powhatan Powhatan ConfederacyConfederacy
Powhatan dominated Powhatan dominated a a few dozen small few dozen small tribes tribes in areain area
Powhatan probably Powhatan probably sawsawthe English as allies the English as allies in his struggles to in his struggles to control other Indian control other Indian tribes in the region.tribes in the region.
Relations between Indians & settlers Relations between Indians & settlers grew worse.grew worse.
1) different cultures & languages 1) different cultures & languages
2) English raids of Indian food 2) English raids of Indian food suppliessupplies
1610-1614 1610-1614 First Anglo-Powhatan War First Anglo-Powhatan War
1614-1622 1614-1622 peace timepeace time
1622-1644 1622-1644 periodic attacks between periodic attacks between Indians and settlers, killed John Rolfe, Indians and settlers, killed John Rolfe, colonists continue to raid Nativescolonists continue to raid Natives
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Smith’s Smith’s Portrayal Portrayal
of of Native Native
AmericansAmericans
Smith’s Smith’s Portrayal Portrayal
of of Native Native
AmericansAmericans
1644-1646 1644-1646 Second Anglo- Second Anglo-Powhatan WarPowhatan War
Last effort of natives to defeat Last effort of natives to defeat English, but unsuccessfulEnglish, but unsuccessful
Peace Treaty of 1646Peace Treaty of 1646
Removed the Powhatans from their Removed the Powhatans from their original land.original land.
Formally separated Indian and Formally separated Indian and English settlement areas!English settlement areas!
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
Culture Clash in the Culture Clash in the ChesapeakeChesapeake
English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660English Migration: 1610-1660
River River SettlemenSettlement Pattern t Pattern 1620-1620-16601660
River River SettlemenSettlement Pattern t Pattern 1620-1620-16601660
John RolfeJohn RolfeJohn RolfeJohn Rolfe
What finally made the colony What finally made the colony prosperous??prosperous??
Tobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco PlantTobacco Plant
Virginia’s Virginia’s gold gold and and silversilver.. -- John Rolfe, 1612 -- John Rolfe, 1612
Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:economy:
Vital role in putting VA on a firm Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing.economic footing.
Ruinous to soil when continuously Ruinous to soil when continuously planted.planted.
Chained VA’s economy to a single Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.crop.
Tobacco promoted the use of the Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system.plantation system.
Need for cheap, abundant labor.Need for cheap, abundant labor.
Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”
Virginia: “Child of Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”Tobacco”